Unit 3 Period 3 Integrated skills-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第二册（译林版2020）

Period 3　Integrated skills 说明文是阐述事物的特征、本质、性能、结构、用途或科学原理的一种文体。高考英语说明文内容集中在反映社会现象、介绍方位地点和指导如何做事情这些方面，要求考生能够按照一定的说明顺序进行介绍和说明，以达到实际应用和交际的目的。 说明文一般分为三部分： 第一部分：主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的； 第二部分：说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步骤； 第三部分：进行总结概括。 1．仔细审题：抓住要说明的事物或事理的主要特征。 2．选择合理的说明顺序：比如时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序，分层次进行说明，注意条理清晰。 3．选择恰当的说明方法：比如定义法、举例法、比较法和细节描述法等，来增加文章的色彩。 4．语言：既要确切无误，又要通俗浅显。适当使用一些结构比较复杂的句式，如定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句、强调句及非谓语动词等，以增加语言表达效果。 关于志愿服务的常用表达有： 1．Helping others is helping oneself. 帮助他人就是帮助自己。 2．Volunteer activities can broaden students’ horizons. 志愿活动能开阔学生的视野。 3．Furthermore，I also actively participate in community activities and volunteer service activities. 此外，我还积极参加社区活动和志愿者服务活动。 4．I often do volunteer work and it makes our society more harmonious. 我经常做志愿工作，它使我们的社会更加和谐。 5．Volunteer service not only benefits our society but also improves personal quality. 志愿服务不仅有益于社会，还能提高个人品质。 6．I will value it and do all I can if I could be accepted to be a volunteer. 如果我能被接纳成为一名志愿者，我会珍惜它并将尽我所能。 7．I did volunteer work with my friends during the summer holiday，which made us benefit a lot. 暑假期间，我和朋友们做志愿工作，这使我们获益很多。 8．The reason why I choose to be a volunteer is that I want to make our city a more beautiful place to live in. 我选择成为一名志愿者的原因是我想让我们的城市成为一个更美的居住地。 不论是大事件还是小场合，每个需要帮助的地方都能看到志愿者服务的身影。他们用一颗颗爱心，温暖和帮助着他人，进行着爱的传递，同时也收获着成长。某英文网站正在开展以“我的志愿服务经历(Volunteering：living and learning)”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈你对志愿服务的理解。 提示问题： 1．Why do people volunteer? 2．What types of volunteer work are there? 3．Have you worked as a volunteer or have you heard of stories about volunteering? Share with your partner. 4．What contributions do volunteers make? 第一步　审题谋篇 审题 写作要求是写一篇说明文，写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇说明文。写作时注意说明文的写作特点。 2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3．主体人称：人称应该以第三人称为主。 谋篇 第一段：什么是志愿服务； 第二段：志愿服务的类型，举例说明； 第三段：什么原因促使人们参加志愿服务； 第四段：结论。 第二步　遣词造句 核心词汇 1．发生，出现occur 2．对(某人)有益，使受益benefit 3．种种；各种各样的a variety of/varieties of 4．视力eyesight 5．低视力的low-vision 6．激励，激发motivate 7．减少，降低reduce 8．牵涉，涉及；包含involve 连词成句 1．志愿者们可以选择一些自己熟悉的活动。 Volunteers can choose activities that they find familiar. 2．志愿者们也可以选择一些有挑战性的活动。 Volunteers can choose activities that are challenging. 3．志愿服务包括自愿为他人的发展和幸福贡献时间和精力。 Volunteering involves willingly contributing time and energy to the development and well-being of others. 4．志愿服务是一个非常好的选择。 Volunteering is a best choice. 第三步　句式升级 1．用并列句合并句1和句2。 Volunteers can choose activities that they find familiar，or the ones that are challenging. 2．用非限制性定语从句合并句3和句4。 Volunteering，which involves willingly contributing time and energy to the development and well-being of others，is a best choice. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。 参考范文 Volunteering：living and learning Volunteering occurs when we give our time and efforts for free to do an activity that benefits others or the environment. Volunteer activities offer a variety of choices and come in many forms.Volunteers can choose activities that they find familiar，or the ones that are challenging.For instance，someone in the medical field may volunteer at a care home for the elderly.Volunteers with good eyesight can help guide blind and low-vision people. The choice to a volunteer is motivated by various factors.Volunteering keeps us physically and mentally healthy.Doing meaningful work reduces stress levels，which helps us sleep better and get sick less often.Additionally，doing various volunteer activities lets us meet new people and improve our social skills. Volunteering，which involves willingly contributing time and energy to the development and well-being of others，is a best choice. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Teachers in poor areas are always being asked to do more with less.They’re given smaller budgets and larger tasks in schools that employ fewer teachers and take in more students.But none of these struggles can quite compare to the challenges faced by a computing teacher Akoto in Ghana who teaches his students how to use computers. Akoto recently posted photos of his classroom，and they’ve gotten quite a response.Akoto is an information and communication technology (ICT) teacher who has been assigned to teach his students without using an actual computer.So like any good teacher，Akoto teaches them by drawing pictures of a computer on the blackboard. Akoto recently shared images of one of his computer lessons，in which he can be seen using multi-colored chalk to draw the features of Microsoft Word software on the blackboard.In one of the photos，you can see his students drawing the same images in their notebooks. One might ask，“Why do they bother to take such a challenging course？” But here’s the reason：Even though the students at Akoto’s school don’t have computers，they are still required to pass a national exam that includes a section on computing skills before they move on to high school. So Akoto does what he needs to do to ensure that his students understand the material.He has drawn pictures many times for his students over his six years and just happened to share the pictures this time on Facebook.He says he has his own personal laptop，but it is different from the one Akoto is required to teach.He doesn’t bring it to class for fear of confusing the kids with a computer that they have never seen. The good news is that those Facebook pictures made their way to the right place.Microsoft Africa promised to give him some proper resources.Others also stepped up to the plate and helped out Akoto.NIIT Ghana，an information technology training institution，donated five computers to Akoto’s school and one for Akoto himself.A PhD student at the University of Leeds in the U．K.inspired by Akoto also donated a computer. 语篇解读　本文是记叙文。Akoto常在黑板上画出电脑的图像进行计算机教学。一次，他把自己授课的图片发到了Facebook 上，这一举动让更多人了解到他们的困境，大家纷纷帮助他们。 1．Which of the following best describes the state of Akoto’s school? A．Well-funded. B．Underdeveloped. C．Full-equipped. D．Unattended. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及第二段中“has been assigned to teach his students without using an actual computer”可推知，Akoto所在的学校教学条件比较落后。故选B。 2．How do Akoto’s students react to his classes? A．They model after his behavior in class. B．They learn to identify multi-colored chalk. C．They usually take photos of the computers. D．They often share images of their lessons online. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Akoto的学生在课堂上模仿他在笔记本上画出同样的图像。故选A。 3．Why does Akoto choose not to bring his own laptop to his classes? A．He is unwilling to share it. B．He is confused by its system. C．He is uncertain about its function. D．He is afraid to puzzle his students. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“for fear of confusing the kids with a computer that they have never seen”可知，Akoto不把自己的笔记本电脑带进教室是因为害怕孩子们会把他的电脑和他画的电脑混淆。故选D。 4．What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A．To stand still is to move back. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．Great things can be achieved by joint effort. D．A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。 根据最后一段可知，Akoto分享的照片引起了很大的反响，大家纷纷帮助他们。故C项“众人拾柴火焰高”符合文意。故选C。 B A competition making up Versailles literature was launched on Sina Weibo recently.So what is Versailles literature? Actually，the term has nothing to do with the French palace nor with literature.It came from The Rose of Versailles，a Japanese manga series about aristocratic(贵族化的)life at the palace of Versailles in France in the late 18th century，and was coined by a Chinese influencer earlier this year.Known as humblebragging，it is a boast(吹牛) disguised as a complaint.“I have too many houses.How can I decide which one to decorate？” and “I thought I lost weight this morning.So disappointed when I realized it was because I took off the huge diamond ring my boyfriend gave me last night” are some examples of Versailles literature.The intention is to show off—usually things of materialistic values，yet one ought to pretend that’s not the point. As the 19th century English author Jane Austen famously wrote，“Nothing is more deceitful(欺诈的) than the appearance of humility(谦逊)．” The psychology behind humblebragging is to be recognized for one’s successes and be liked by others at the same time，according to scholars.In her article titled Why do people hate humblebragging? published in Psychology Today，psychologist Dr.Susan Krauss Whitbourne at the University of Massachusetts Amherst noted that humblebragging is a “strategy in pursuit of respect” because it draws attention to one’s accomplishments in a circuitous way. However，studies on social media users show that humblebragging as a self-promotion strategy does not work.In the essay Humblebragging：A distinct and ineffective self-presentation strategy，the University of North Carolina researcher Ovul Sezer and Harvard University scholars Francesca Gino and Michael Norton concluded from their research that humblebraggers are perceived more negatively than straight braggers due to the former’s insincerity.“The critical factor differentiating the two groups of people is sincerity.People don’t like braggers，but they at least see them as more sincere than humblebraggers，” said Francesca Gino. So，how can we annoy humblebraggers back？“Just pretend you don’t get whatever it is they try to show off，” a netizen advised.“And respond with genuine sympathy for their complaints.” 5．Which of the following statements is typical of “Versailles literature”？ A．You know who my father is？My father is Li Gang. B．Got five offers to date.I’m at a loss which to choose. C．It’s a headache how to make my son tidy up his room regularly. D．I’m fed up with living in the countryside with no shopping malls around. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Known as humblebragging，it is a boast(吹牛) disguised as a complaint...The intention is to show off—usually things of materialistic values...”可知，“凡尔赛文学”是指谦虚自夸，是一种伪装成抱怨的自夸，其目的是炫耀。B项是教科书式的“凡尔赛文学”。故选B。 6．What is the psychology behind humblebragging? A．To win others’ sympathy. B．To earn others’ admiration. C．To show one’s sincerity. D．To mask one’s complaint. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The psychology behind humblebragging is to be recognized for one’s successes and be liked by others at the same time，according to scholars.”可知，谦虚自夸背后的心理是为了赢得别人的钦佩。故选B。 7．What does the underlined word “circuitous” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Roundabout. B．Straightforward. C．Ambiguous. D．Double-edged. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据上文中的“it is a boast(吹牛) disguised as a complaint”以及“that humblebragging is a ‘strategy in pursuit of respect’”可知，谦虚自夸是用自谦的方式来吹牛，是一种追求尊重的策略。由此可推知，它是用一种迂回的方式将人们的注意力吸引到一个人的成就上。故选A。 8．What can’t be inferred from the passage? A．Braggers are relatively more sincere than humblebraggers. B．Humblebragging is an artificial appearance of being humble. C．To respond with real sympathy will discourage humblebraggers. D．If you want to be perceived positively，avoid using Versailles literature. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “People don’t like braggers，but they at least see them as more sincere than humblebraggers”可知，A选项正确；第三段中的“Nothing is more deceitful(欺诈的) than the appearance of humility(谦逊)”对应B选项的“artificial appearance of being humble”，所以B选项正确；再由最后一段内容可知C项正确；而文中没有提到如何被认可，所以D选项从文中无法推出。故选D。 C The stream behind Dakota Perry’s house in Mobile，Alabama，is often littered with rubbish.While spending time there with her dad，she would notice plastic bags，bottles and cups floating on the water and collecting along the shoreline.But where some might choose community rubbish pickup，Dakota wondered if there was a better way. Dakota’s idea was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble Barrier in Amsterdam.Like the Dutch system，her own rubbish collecting system would send a curtain of bubbles(气泡帷幕) up from the river bottom to collect rubbish and move it to the side of the stream.But this 15-year-old challenged herself to make that concept completely green.Hers would run entirely on hydropower and solar energy. In Dakota’s design，a curtain of bubbles would cross the river in a diagonal line(斜线)．Floating rubbish would be stopped by the curtain and pushed toward the shore.There，a delivering belt run by a solar-powered battery would collect the rubbish and transport it to a dustbin. Dakota’s system relies on an air compressor.It sends air through a plastic pipe into which she has drilled rows of tiny holes.Air escaping through those holes then bubbles to the surface，creating what looks like a curtain.For now，Dakota has focused on fine-tuning(微调) the bubble curtain.That was the most important part to figure out.“For the bubble system to actually work and actually collect the rubbish，” she explains，“I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.” With the air compressor turned on，she experimented with the pressure，gradually upping it until enough bubbles rose from the pipe to form a full curtain. Now it was time to test the curtain’s ability to collect rubbish，such as plastic soft drink bottles.Dakota placed bottles that were empty，full of water or weighted with rocks into the water.All of them stopped at the curtain and then slowly came up along the curtain until they reached the edge.She noticed that the bubbles created a current in the pool that pulled tree leaves upward.“It was exciting，” says Dakota.“I was like，‘Yo，this actually works！’” 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了主人公Dakota Perry发明了一种装置，它可以有效地收集河流中的垃圾。 9．Where is Dakota’s design different from the Dutch system? A．It’s used in any kind of weather. B．It’s mainly run by a water wheel. C．It’s intended to collect rubbish in rivers. D．It’s completely environmentally friendly. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句可知，Dakota的系统将完全依靠水电和太阳能，完全环保。故选D。 10．What’s the most important in the operation of the system? A．Making the bubble curtain work best. B．Maximizing air pressure. C．Drilling more rows of tiny holes. D．Using the solar energy. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第四、五句可知，Dakota 发明的这套系统在运作过程中最重要的部分是微调气泡帷幕，使其发挥最好的效果。故选A。 11．What does the underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Rocks. B．Bottles. C．Bubbles. D．Tree leaves. 答案　B 解析　代词指代题。根据画线词前文可知，Dakota是将各种塑料瓶子放入水中，使其沿着帷幕到达边缘位置。由此可知，画线词they指代的是上文提到的bottles。故选B。 12．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Different designs of rubbish collectors. B．The inventing process of a new system. C．A new system removing rubbish from rivers. D．The functions of bubbles in collecting rubbish. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了亚拉巴马州莫比尔市的Dakota发明的一种河流垃圾收集装置。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 How to Benefit from Volunteering Volunteering is a great benefit to the community.Many nonprofit organizations couldn’t survive without volunteers.However，you may not realize how much it also benefits your life to volunteer，from building up your career to making you healthier and more social. Meet new people.Volunteering is a great way to meet new people and make new friends.You’re introduced to a wide range of people when volunteering.All of these people have the potential to be new friends.Don’t be afraid to strike up a conversation with the people you meet. 1 Strengthen relationships.Another way volunteering can help your social life is to strengthen relationships you already have. 2 You don’t need to do anything special.Just work alongside each other. Volunteer actively to stay healthier.Many volunteer jobs require you to do some physical work，which can help you stay healthier，particularly if you don’t get much exercise otherwise. 3 For instance，volunteer with your parks and recreation department to clean up parks or with Habit for Humanity to build houses. Let yourself feel accomplished.One way that volunteering contributes to a person’s health is that it gives him or her something to feel accomplished. 4 It will help your health because it improves well-being and gives you something to feel good about. 　5　 You may think that volunteering will make you more stressed because it cuts back on your free time，but most people find just the opposite.Most people feel like they have more time when they volunteer，which in turn，cuts back on stress. A．Feel less stressed. B．The society trains us，so we also need to repay it. C．If you’re volunteering，go ahead and feel valued. D．You never know who is going to be a new friend. E．The key is to get out into your community to help. F．To help your health the most，pick active volunteer jobs. G．When you volunteer with someone you know，you get to know that person better. 1．答案　D 解析　本段主要介绍做志愿者可以使我们遇到新的人并交新朋友。空处位于段尾，应总结上文的内容，D项(你永远不知道谁会成为你的新朋友)与上文衔接紧密。故选D。 2．答案　G 解析　本段主要讲了做志愿者可以巩固已经形成的人际关系。G项(当你和你认识的人一起做志愿者时，你会更好地了解那个人)承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 3．答案　F 解析　上文提到许多志愿者工作需要干体力活，这可能对你的身体健康有好处，结合下文列举的体力活动可知，F项(为了最大限度地帮助你的健康，选择体力上忙碌的志愿者工作)符合题意。故选F。 4．答案　C 解析　根据本段的主题句“Let yourself feel accomplished.”可知，本段讲的是做志愿者可以让你有成就感。C项中的“feel valued”与上下文相照应。故选C。 5．答案　A 解析　空格处的句子是本段的主题句。根据下文内容可知，本段的主要内容是做志愿者工作可以减少压力。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$