Unit 2 Period 4 Extended reading & Other parts-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第二册（译林版2020）

Period 4　Extended reading & Other parts 1．Which word can replace the underlined word in the sentence “Increasing sea levels also contaminate the islands’ freshwater supplies.”？ A．Control. B．Influence. C．Pollute. D．Stop. 答案　C 2．According to the passage，what will happen if coral reefs in the ocean die? A．Tides will get higher. B．The islanders will suffer from hunger. C．The fish in them will die，too. D．The annual tropical cyclones will happen more frequently. 答案　B 3．What measure can not help the islanders stay on their islands? A．Cutting down mangrove trees. B．Building sea walls. C．Growing crops in containers. D．Growing crops that don’t mind salty water. 答案　A 4．What does the author think of some islanders’ decision of moving away from the ocean? A．It is a foolish idea. B．It is completely unnecessary. C．It is easy to do so. D．It is a difficult choice to make. 答案　D 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．Sea levels will rise by 6 to 13 centimeters by the end of this century. B．Extreme temperatures can also cause drought. C．The majority of the islanders are willing to look for homes in new countries. D．Walls separate the four great oceans from each other. 答案　B In the past few decades，global warming 1.has been(be) a hot topic all over the world.It causes ice sheets and glaciers to melt,2.releasing(release) additional water into the ocean.With sea levels rising，beaches or even whole islands are disappearing.Meanwhile，increasing global temperatures can have 3.disastrous(disaster) consequences in other ways.The annual tropical cyclones are happening more 4.frequently(frequent)．Coral reefs are dying because 5.of the increasing global temperatures.Therefore，fighting climate change is a matter of 6.survival(survive) for some islanders.Now they are working with scientists to find ways to help 7.them(they) stay on the islands.Some islanders are even thinking of moving away from the ocean,8.which will surely be a difficult choice to make.In conclusion，no matter 9.what solutions the islanders develop，their islands are still in hot water.People all over the world will have to work together as one 10.to tackle(tackle) the problem of climate change. wind up 以……告终(或终结) wind up＋n.结束(讲话、会议等) wind up doing以做……结束；最终落得…… wind up＋介词短语　以……方式结束 (1)Ask more questions and you will wind up knowing(know) more about the universe. (2)The old man wound up back in the ICU with heart failure. (3)She wound up her speech in a unique way and it impressed the audience greatly. 她以一种独特的方式结束了演讲，给听众留下了深刻的印象。 in hot water 处在困境之中，陷入困境 keep one’s head above water 不负债；勉强维持生计 water over the dam 无法挽回的事情；既成事实，木已成舟 hold water (指论点)周密，没漏洞，站得住脚 throw cold water on 泼冷水；使(人)扫兴 用water短语的正确形式填空 (1)I was disappointed that none of his arguments seemed to hold water. (2)Everybody else in the office thought my idea was great，but my boss threw cold water on it. (3)Don’t worry about it.It’s water over the dam.Just be sure you don’t make the same mistake again. (4)The reason why my father was quite happy was that he could earn enough money to support the family and he could keep his head above water. 完全倒装 教材原句　Scattered across this ocean are thousands of islands.上千个岛屿散布在这片海洋上。(教材P25) ·作表语的分词(短语)、形容词、副词提到系动词前面时，句子构成完全倒装，即“分词/形容词/副词＋系动词＋主语”结构。 ·out，in，down，up，away，here，there，now，then等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。若主语是代词，则不用完全倒装。 (1)Present at the farewell party were(be) some exchange students from England as well as students from our school.(应用文写作之发言稿) (2)Here are three suggestions on how to have a balance between a part-time job and study. 这里是关于如何平衡兼职工作和学习的三条建议。(应用文写作之建议信) (3)Standing outside the classroom is a boy，lowering his head and crying silently. 正站在教室外的是一个男孩，他低着头，默默地哭泣着。 so＋be (助动词/情态动词)＋另一主语 教材原句　As global temperatures increase，so do sea levels.随着全球气温升高，海平面也在上升。(教材P25) ·在肯定句中，用“so＋be (助动词/情态动词)＋另一主语”表示前面所说的情况亦适合于另一人或物。否定句中用neither/nor代替so。 ·“so＋主语＋be(助动词/情态动词)”表示“某人/物的确如此”。 ·It’s the same with...＝So it is with...句型主要用于下列三种情况：(1)前面句子中既包含肯定情况，又包含否定情况；(2)前面句子中含有不同类的谓语动词；(3)前面句子的主语既包含人又包含物。 (1)—Tom had a wonderful time at the party last night. —So he did(他的确玩得很愉快) and so did Jack(杰克玩得也很愉快)． (2)If you don’t go abroad next year，neither/nor shall/will I. 如果你明年不出国，我也不出国。 (3)He likes English but is not good at maths；so it is with Tom/it is the same with Tom(汤姆也是如此)． Ⅰ.一词多义 degrade A.vt.降低，削弱尤指质量　B.vi.降解　C.vt.侮辱……的人格，使受辱　D.vi.退化 1．While the brain begins to degrade in later life，it may never be too late to teach an old brain new tricks. D 2．Never let a person use names or words to hurt or degrade you or your partner. C 3．If the fuel is exposed to air，it could degrade further and emit dangerous levels of radioactivity. B 4．Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agricultural productivity. A Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．Before you dump all of your retail stocks，there are more facts you should consider.v.倾销，抛售 2．The tide of public opinion was in favor of the plan.n.潮流；趋势 3．Making soup is a good way of using up leftover vegetables.adj.剩下的，多余的 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A If you’ve ever gone diving，you know how peaceful it sounds under the sea.Compared to that，a coral reef(珊瑚礁) with boat traffic is not quite as calm.And it gets on undersea creatures’ nerves too：stressing out lobsters，slowing the development of sea slugs.And now researchers have found one more side effect of noise：damaged learning abilities，for fish. Researchers started by teaching young damselfish(雀鲷)，a small-sized fish living in coral reefs，in the laboratory about the predators(捕食者) they’d encounter，once they settled on an Australian reef.The process consisted of putting into the damselfish’s tanks seawater with both the smell of a predator，and alarm signs from injured damselfish.A message of this predator smell means dead friends.Maybe dead you. They conducted all this to a soundtrack of peaceful reef sounds or with the added disturbance of noisy boat engines.They found that fish that trained with normal reef sounds escaped in panic suitably when sensing the smell of a predator later on.And fish taught with boat noise were not spooked totally.“It appeared that the presence of the noise was blocking the learning process，so they had no response，”says Maud Ferrari，a behavioral ecologist.She says the same thing held true in the real world，too，once they released the fish. The silver lining，Ferrari says，is that boat noise is a stressor that local lawmakers can actually control.“You want to change the environment，slow down the warming，but it’s really out of our hands.What is nice about the results we found with noise pollution is that it’s one of those stressors we can adjust.” So that young fish can learn their lessons.Alone or in schools. 1．How do researchers teach damselfish? A．By playing the sound of boat engines. B．By exposing them to signals of danger. C．By bringing injured damselfish to them. D．By showing the process of predators hunting. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The process...the smell of a predator，and alarm signs from injured damselfish...Maybe dead you”可知，研究人员往雀鲷水箱中注入混合了捕食者的气味和受伤雀鲷的警报信号的海水，传达有关危险的信息，以教会年幼的雀鲷学会躲避捕食者。 2．What does “spooked” underlined in paragraph 3 mean? A．Harmed. B．Attracted. C．Noticed. D．Frightened. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。画线词上文提到研究人员分别在安静的暗礁和嘈杂的船只引擎声中训练了雀鲷，在安静环境中学习的雀鲷在闻到捕食者的味道后会惊慌逃走。再结合下文的“It appeared that...they had no response”可知，船只噪声的存在干扰了学习过程，所以那些鱼对危险没有回应。画线词所在部分与上文形成对比，表示那些雀鲷完全没被吓到，画线词应表示“使害怕，使惊吓”，故选D。 3．What’s Ferrari’s attitude to the future of young damselfish? A．Sympathetic. B．Concerned. C．Positive. D．Uncertain. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，Ferrari说，还有一线希望就是噪声污染可以被调控，再结合最后一段的“So that young fish can learn their lessons”可推断，Ferrari对年幼雀鲷的未来持积极态度。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Boat noise keeps fish from learning. B．Coral reefs provide safe home for fish. C．Noise pollutes the undersea environment. D．Young damselfish can’t recognize predators. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。阅读全文内容尤其是文中的“And now researchers have found one more side effect of noise：damaged learning abilities，for fish”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新发现——船只噪声会阻碍鱼类的学习能力。 B The space community is taking the orbital debris(碎片) threat increasingly seriously these days.Multiple satellite “mega-constellations(巨型星座)” are in the works，making space traffic management and space-junk removal more pressing issues than they’ve ever been. For instance，SpaceX has already launched more than 1,700 satellites for its Starlink broadband constellation.The company ultimately wants to launch around 30,000 Starlink satellites into orbit.One Web has launched more than half of the satellites for its planned 648-member constellation，which may also grow beyond that initial number as time goes on. In addition，satellite construction costs continue to fall，allowing more and more people to get satellites up and operate them—including folks with very little experience in the field.This opening of the final frontier is generally a good thing，but it further highlights the need for responsible action when it comes to satellite operation.In 2019，for example，the Space Safety Coalition(SSC) laid out a set of proposed voluntary guidelines designed to control space junk over the coming years. One recommendation is that all satellites operating above 250 miles be equipped with propulsion(推进) systems，allowing them to get away from possible collisions(碰撞)．The SSC also recommends operators who control satellites in low Earth orbit should include in their launch contracts a requirement that rocket upper stages should be got rid of in the atmosphere shortly after liftoff. More active debris-fighting strategies could also be part of the solution.Removing just a handful of rocket bodies or dead satellites every year could help us keep our space-junk problem under control，according to some studies.And researchers around the world are developing and testing ways to do just that，using nets，harpoons(鱼叉) and other methods. The space-junk issue is a global one，so governments around the world should have conversations about how to deal with it.Let’s hope the talks，the decisions and the tech end up outpacing the problem. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲的是太空垃圾越来越多，空间越来越拥挤以及造成这个问题的原因和解决方案。 5．What do the two examples in paragraph 2 illustrate? A．Orbital debris ensure satellite safety. B．Constellations consist of many satellites. C．Space is becoming increasingly crowded. D．SpaceX has higher capacity to explore space. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容和第二段的“For instance”可知，第二段通过这两个例子说明太空空间越来越拥挤。故选C。 6．Why can more people send satellites into orbit? A．Experience in this area is rich. B．Satellites are cheaper to make. C．Satellite operations require little skills. D．Space is accessible to common people. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，更多的人可以将卫星送入轨道是因为制造卫星的成本降低了。故选B。 7．What is an effective way to control space junk? A．Remove dead satellites from orbit. B．Cooperate in monitoring satellites. C．Operate satellites at a fixed height. D．Recycle a rocket shortly after liftoff. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，控制太空垃圾的有效方法是将报废卫星从轨道上移除。故选A。 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Space Junk Clean-up B．The Risks of Space Junk C．Space Debris and Satellites D．Guidelines for Space Safety 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段可知，文章主要介绍太空垃圾越来越多，空间越来越拥挤以及造成这个问题的原因和解决方案。所以A选项“太空垃圾清理”符合文章主旨，适合作标题。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Some twenty years ago，Poonam visited Ranthambore，with her husband Aditya Singh.She was 1 by a tigress with three cubs (幼崽) on a hill.At the end of the trip，they decided to move to the Ranthambore. Over the years，the couple bought about 35 acres bordering the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve on one side.The area，called Bhadlav，had 2 vegetation but has since been 3 into a green forest. After 4 in Ranthambore，Aditya first visited the Bhadlav area with a BBC film-maker.He became 5 that the farmers were 6 their land because of the risk of predators (食肉动物) searching for food.“I just bought this and did nothing to it except 7 the aggressive species.We 8 the land to recover and now after 20 years，it has become a green forest.” Not only did the couple have the 9 to let the natural habitat renew itself，but they also created several water holes to feed the wild animals.Because of their efforts，the 10 to the farmers in the area has been dramatically reduced.“The animals understand in this forest they get food，water and safe shelter without any 11 ，” Aditya explained.They have had many 12 from buyers for the land but the Singhs are not interested in selling 13 their love for nature and wildlife.“Money was never the 14 ，” they said. Aditya and Poonam’s story has inspired others in the area.Aditya has also been receiving 15 from people across India who want to create a comparable model in their own states. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Aditya Singh和Poonam夫妇建设森林、保护野生动物的故事，他们的故事也激励了该地区的其他人效仿他们。 1．A.accompanied B．fascinated C．frightened D．blocked 答案　B 解析　fascinate迷住。通过下文“At the end of the trip，they decided to move to the Ranthambore.”可推知，此处指Poonam非常喜欢Ranthambore山上的老虎，所以才想搬过去。故选B项。 2．A.diverse B．wild C．rare D．little 答案　D 解析　根据下文“but has since been into a green forest”可推知，此处指Bhadlav原来只有少量的植被，后来变成了一片绿色森林。故选D项。 3．A.classified B．transformed C．dug D．stuck 答案　B 解析　根据下文“into a green forest”可推知，此处指Bhadlav后来被改变成了一片绿色森林。故选B项。 4．A.settling B．investing C．negotiating D．training 答案　A 解析　根据上文“At the end of the trip，they decided to move to the Ranthambore.”可推知，此处指Aditya夫妇在Ranthambore定居了。故选A项。 5．A.proud B．disappointed C．worried D．aware 答案　D 解析　根据下文“because of the risk of predators(食肉动物) searching for food”可推知，此处指Aditya明白了农民们的用意，意识到了真正原因。故选D项。 6．A.donating B．naming C．selling D．expanding 答案　C 解析　通过下文“because of the risk of predators(食肉动物) searching for food”可推知，因为害怕食肉动物捕食，所以农民们选择出售土地。故选C项。 7．A.lose B．remove C．identify D．predict 答案　B 解析　通过下文“the aggressive species”和“it has become a green forest”可推知，此处指Aditya将土地上的有侵略性的物种移除了。故选B项。 8．A.controlled B．rented out C．depended on D．allowed 答案　D 解析　rent out出租；depend on依靠；allow让，准许。通过下文“the land to recover and now after 20 years，it has become a green forest”可推知，此处指通过Aditya夫妇的打理，土地恢复了。故选D项。 9．A.patience B．facility C．technology D．staff 答案　A 解析　让自然栖息地恢复生机是非常需要耐心的，所以此处指Aditya夫妇非常有耐心。故选A项。 10．A.access B．link C．attention D．threat 答案　D 解析　通过上文“the farmers were their land because of the risk of predators(食肉动物) searching for food”可推知，此处指Aditya夫妇使该地区农民面临的来自食肉动物的威胁减少了。故选D项。 11．A.disturbance B．attempt C．hesitation D．sign 答案　A 解析　disturbance干扰。通过上文“the to the farmers in the area has been dramatically reduced”可推知，此处说明了该地区农民面临的威胁减少的原因是动物可以不受干扰的在Aditya夫妇建造的森林里生存。故选A项。 12．A.examples B．offers C．complaints D．benefits 答案　B 解析　offer出价。通过下文“but the Singhs are not interested in selling”可推知，此处指有很多买家出价，想购买这片土地。故选B项。 13．A.instead of B．in spite of C．in addition to D．due to 答案　D 解析　通过下文“their love for nature and wildlife”可推知，此处说明了Singh一家不想出售土地的原因。故选D项。 14．A.solution B．source C．priority D．possibility 答案　C 解析　priority优先考虑的事。Aditya夫妇认为钱从来都不是最重要的、需要优先考虑的事。故选C项。 15．A.instructions B．checks C．enquiries D．funds 答案　C 解析　通过下文“who want to create a comparable model in their own states”可推知，此处指那些希望在印度创建一个类似的模式的当地人向Aditya询问他创建森林、保护野生动物的相关细节。故选C项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2023·南京八校高三联考) The governments of Shanghai，Jiangsu and Zhejiang 1. (joint) released a guideline on Thursday，which facilitates the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta region.It is the second set of policies the governments 2. (introduce) to advance the integrated development of the region. 3． (feature) 17 detailed measures，the newly introduced guideline touches upon 10 major areas of interest，including technological innovation，revitalizing and exploring models to realize common prosperity.Qingpu district in southwest Shanghai，Wujiang district in Suzhou of Jiangsu and Jiashan county in northeast Zhejiang 4. (receive) support in building cross-regional high-tech development zones soon.The integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta region was updated 5. a national strategy in November 2018 to serve China’s 6. (deepen) reform and opening-up.The first set of 22 polices to address this strategy was introduced in July 2020. Over the past two years，a total of 88 7. (system) innovations have been shaped in the region，of 8. 38 have been promoted nationwide.More than 100 key development projects have been launched here.The local governments have set up 9.___________ 10-billion-yuan special fiscal fund to better implement the strategy.Another 38.2 million yuan in fiscal budgets has been provided to support 10. (company) technological innovation. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了上海、江苏、浙江三地政府周四联合发布的指导方针，以促进长三角地区的高质量发展。 1．答案　jointly 解析　考查副词。修饰动词released应用所给词的副词形式，作状语。故填jointly。 2．答案　have introduced 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，强调过去动作对现在造成的影响，即“政策已经出台”，应用现在完成时，主语governments是复数，助动词用have。故填have introduced。 3．答案　Featuring 解析　考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语动词touches且无连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语guideline与feature之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Featuring。 4．答案　will receive 解析　考查动词的时态。空处为句子谓语动词，结合语境和时间状语soon判断，此处用一般将来时。故填will receive。 5．答案　as 解析　考查介词。结合句意和句子结构可知，空处表示“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 6．答案　deepened 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语动词，名词词组reform and opening-up和动词deepen之间为被动关系，故用其过去分词作定语，deepened表示“深化的”，符合题意。故填deepened。 7．答案　systematic 解析　考查形容词。修饰名词innovations应用所给词的形容词形式。故填systematic。 8．答案　which 解析　考查非限制性定语从句。空处和of构成“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是innovations，指物，作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 9．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。fund“基金”是可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且10-billion-yuan的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 10．答案　companies’ 解析　考查名词所有格。company“公司，企业”是可数名词，空前无限定词，此处用复数形式companies表泛指，且此处要修饰名词词组 technological innovation，故应用名词复数的所有格。故填companies’。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$