Unit 2 Period 3 Integrated skills-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第二册（译林版2020）

Period 3　Integrated skills 演讲稿一般由称呼、正文和结束语三个部分组成，大多分为三种，一种是活动组织者的演讲(例如运动会前主席的演讲)；一种是作为活动参与者的演讲(例如竞选)；第三种是就社会热点话题发表观点，可以参照议论文。演讲稿的要点内容大多题干已经给出，所以演讲稿的结构较为简单，可以两段式，也可以三段式。 演讲稿一般由称呼(对听众或与会者的称呼)、正文和结束语组成。正文常分为三部分： 第一部分：演讲主题/话题、交代背景、提出问题等。 第二部分：分析问题，展开论述，提出解决方法或期待等。这一部分是整篇演讲的主体，必须有重点、有层次。由于演讲材料是通过口头表达的，为了便于听众理解，各段落应上下连贯，段与段之间有适当的过渡和呼应。 第三部分：总结强调主要观点；此外，演讲稿的结尾也可以用感谢、展望、鼓舞等语句作结束语，使演讲能自然打住，给听众留下深刻印象。 演讲稿要具有“三性”：一是针对性。演讲者所演讲的问题是听众所关心的问题，要能为听众所接受并心悦诚服，这样才能起到应有的社会效果；还要针对演讲的场合，听众的年龄、文化程度，以及演说者所处的地位、身份等具体情况设计不同的演讲内容。二是启发性。要通过充实的内容，晓之以理，让听众心悦诚服地接受演讲词需要阐明的意见和观点，明确努力的方向和行动的目标。三是感染性。演讲词的语言要深入浅出，逻辑性强。让听众在听到每一句话的瞬间都能对讲话内容有最大限度的理解。 1．I’m honored to share my speech titled... 我很荣幸与大家分享我的题为……的演讲。 2．It is a great honor for me/I feel greatly honored to deliver/address my speech here，whose topic is about... 我很荣幸在这里发表演讲，我演讲的主题是…… 3．It is my great honor to share with you my opinions on... 很荣幸能和你们分享一下我关于……的看法。 4．I feel greatly honored to stand here and give a speech.Today I’m going to talk about.../tell you something about... 站在这里演讲，我感到非常荣幸。今天我要讲的是……/告诉你们一些关于…… 5．I will give some detailed information to support my idea as follows. 我将提供如下一些详细的信息来支持我的观点。 6．As we all know，...play(s) an increasingly important role in... 众所周知，……在……中起着越来越重要的作用。 7．It’s our responsibility/duty to do sth. 做某事是我们的责任/义务。 8．I would like to concentrate on the problem of... 我想把精力集中在……问题上。 9．Based on the above statements/Altogether，we can come to/draw a conclusion that... 基于以上陈述/总之，我们可以得出一个结论：…… 10．I hope I have made myself understood. 我希望我已经非常清楚地表达了我的意思。 11．To change the situation，we need to take action. 为了改变这种情况，我们需要采取行动。 12．That’s all.Thanks for/Thank you for your attention/listening. 我的演讲到此结束，谢谢你们的关注/倾听。 “谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦。”节约粮食是中华民族的传统美德，即使如今人们生活富足，我们也应当提倡节俭，避免浪费食物。假如你是李华，你校将要举行以“拒绝食物浪费”为主题的演讲比赛，请用英语写一篇80词左右的演讲稿参赛，谈谈你对食物浪费的看法。提示问题： 1．Where does food waste often happen? 2．Why should we fight food waste? 3．What measures can be taken to fight food waste? 第一步　审题谋篇 审题 1．确定文体：这是一篇演讲稿，注意演讲稿的写作特点。 2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3．主体人称：由于是发表演讲，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 谋篇 本文可以分为四部分： 第一部分：引入话题，介绍食物浪费的现状； 第二部分：食物浪费对社会的影响； 第三部分：解决食物浪费的方法或措施； 第四部分：发出呼吁，全社会行动起来，反对食物浪费，创造一个更美好的世界！ 第二步　遣词造句 核心词汇 1．遭受；患……病；受……之苦 suffer from 2．议题，争论的问题issue 3．值得，应受 deserve 4．巨大影响impact 5．带来，造成contribute to 6．剩饭，剩菜leftover 7．活动，运动campaign 8．可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的 preventable 连词成句 1．目前，有数百万人在忍饥挨饿。(定语从句) At present，there are millions of people who/that are suffering from hunger. 2．它不仅浪费了用于生产和运输食物的能源，而且还加剧了全球变暖。 It not only wastes the energy used to produce and transport the food，but also contributes to global warming. 第三步　句式升级 1．用分词作定语改写句1。 At present，there are millions of people suffering from hunger. 2．将句2改为倒装句。 Not only does it waste the energy used to produce and transport the food，but it also contributes to global warming. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。 参考范文 Food Waste：Food for Thought At present，there are millions of people suffering from hunger.Meanwhile，millions of tonnes of food is wasted every year.The figures are growing every year.Food waste has now become an important global issue that deserves our attention. Food waste has serious impacts.Not only does it waste the energy used to produce and transport the food，but it also contributes to global warming.Furthermore，wasted food increases the impact of global hunger. Thankfully，efforts are being made.Restaurants and canteens are encouraging customers to order only according to their needs and take their leftovers home.As individuals，we should carefully plan meals and not cook more than needed.We can also join the “Clean Plate” campaign to avoid wasting food wherever we are. Food waste is preventable.So，from today，let’s fight food waste and build a better world for all！ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Do you want a part-time job to earn some extra money？Check out the list and find one that suits your fancy. TECHNICAL SUPPORT It seems almost everyone has a friend who is a technical genius.Such people earn money using their talent.If you are one of them，you could be responsible for technical support in your college or university and get your part-time job.You can enjoy the process of earning money while doing your favorite thing. TUTOR A lot of students hire a tutor to help them in high school or college.If you are good at some subjects，why not work as a peer tutor？You help your friends and earn money at the same time.If you know foreign languages，you can make more money.All you need to do is to make an appropriate advertisement of your services using college newspapers.One of the best things about being a tutor is that you can set your hours. FITNESS INSTRUCTOR If your college or university has a fitness center and if you are a sporty person，go and sign up to get this job.You will have an absolute free opportunity to engage yourself in sports.You need to be a good psychologist，because you are going to work with people and it’ll be your job to persuade and motivate them to become sporty，healthy and strong.Being a fitness instructor is a perfect position for those who love to help other people and want to make more friends. OFFICE WORKER Nowadays many companies cooperate with college students giving them part-time jobs.Some of the major job duties of an office worker are answering calls and scheduling appointments.If you are interested in doing this job，contact the representatives of different companies to find out if they’re currently hiring anyone. 语篇解读　这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了大学生可以从事的四个兼职工作：技术援助、家教、健身教练和办公室职员。 1．If you want to have a flexible schedule while earning some money，which of the following suits you most? A．Technical support. B．Tutor. C．Fitness instructor. D．Office worker. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据TUTOR部分中“One of the best things about being a tutor is that you can set your hours.”可知，做家教最好的一点就是可以自己安排时间。故选B项。 2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．As a part-time office worker，you are responsible for answering emails. B．If you work as a fitness instructor，you should be sporty and sociable. C．If you are good at foreign languages，you are able to earn more as a tutor. D．The four kinds of part-time jobs are intended for college students. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Some of the major job duties of an office worker are answering calls and scheduling appointments.”可知，办公室职员的一些主要工作职责是接电话和安排预约，不是回复邮件。故选A项。 3．How can one get a job as a part-time office worker? A．By submitting the application. B．Through an online interview. C．By advertising in the newspaper. D．By contacting the representative of the company. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If you are interested in doing this job，contact the representatives of different companies to find out if they’re currently hiring anyone.”可知，如果对办公室职员这份工作感兴趣的话，可以联系不同公司的代表，看看他们现在是否在招人。故选D项。 B Stereotypes(刻板印象) are widely held but very general，simplified opinions about other people.Many of us start to use stereotypes at school—the cool kids or the hot kids—we know all the different ones by heart. Looks，clothes，personal traits(特征) and interests are all aspects which，on the surface of it，make us different from our contemporaries.Students pounce on these in order to categorise others.“When you’re a social animal，you need to understand who is a member of your pack，and who is a member of a different pack，” says psychology professor，John Dovidio. A girl dressed all in black may seem a bit depressed.But perhaps，deep down inside，she just likes black and is actually cheerful.She has the same interests as you—(the “cool kid”)—but she just dresses differently.The problem of typecasting is that it involves using labels which are merely shells(外表) containing assumptions.It makes one wonder why people see only a narrow view of a complicated human being. According to Dovidio，even if we think we don’t stereotype others，we do.“We categorise immediately and without thinking，” says Dovidio.“And we stereotype others not just on their appearance，how they dress or act，but—wrongly—on their race and sex too.” Student stereotypes may have special meanings，as teens are in the process of forming their own identity and figuring out who they feel most comfortable with.To some extent，stereotyping offers a sense of order，direction and connection to the close friends they make over time.But it’s too simple to make assumptions that “they”—teenagers in other groups—are alike or different from “us”．It’s easy to throw a group of people into a bucket(水桶) and judge them as a whole; it’s much more difficult to look at each person as an individual.On the other hand，Jim，another high school student，says “by labelling people we’re actually highlighting similarities not differences.If we didn’t stereotype，it would make many things today impossible.Think of marketing studies focused on specific audiences，or clubs for people with similar interests or hobbies.” 4．Which can best replace the underlined part “pounce on” in paragraph 2? A．Put up with. B．Make fun of. C．Take pride in. D．Catch hold of. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，画线词后的these指代上文使我们与同龄人在表面上不同的特征“Looks，clothes，personal traits(特征) and interests”，学生们抓住这些表面上的特征对其他人进行分类，由此可知，句中“pounce on”意思为“抓住”。故选D。 5．What does the author want to suggest by mentioning the girl in black? A．Don’t distinguish yourself from others. B．Don’t make simple things complicated. C．Don’t identify others by their appearance. D．Don’t label others according to their personal traits. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段前三句可知，作者在文中提到穿一身黑的女孩，想要传达的是不能光凭外表来确定一个人的个性特征。故选C。 6．What do Dovidio’s words in paragraph 4 tell us? A．We cannot avoid being stereotyped. B．We may correctly recognise others’ sex. C．We cannot help the way we react to others. D．We may make wrong judgements about ourselves. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中Dovidio说的话可知，人们会不假思索地立即对他人按照刻板印象进行分类，由此可知，人们对他人进行刻板印象归类是一种下意识的举动，人们无法控制自己对他人的反应。故选C。 7．Which word best describes Jim’s attitude to stereotypes? A．Positive. B．Uninterested. C．Uncertain. D．Critical. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中Jim的话可知，Jim认为通过给人群贴标签可以找到群体的相似性，如果没有刻板印象的话，针对特定受众的市场调查，或者为有着相似兴趣或爱好的人群设立的俱乐部等就无法实现。由此可知，Jim对刻板印象的态度是积极的。故选A。 C Scientists have done a lot of research on sleep.They’ve shown that sleeplessness can lead to both weight gain and poor performance in school.Might it also affect your moods(情绪) or your behavior？A team of scientists based in Shanghai，China decided to investigate. To do that，they took advantage of data(数据) from what’s known as the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development(ABCD) Study.Begun in 2015，this study followed over 10,000 US kids into adulthood.All were 9 to 10 years old when they started taking part.ABCD researchers have been collecting records from parents on how much their kids sleep on a regular basis.The scientists also have been surveying whether a kid might have a habit of getting into fights or breaking rules.They even note whether students have difficulty focusing their attention. Wei Cheng，a mathematician from China，teamed up with other researchers，making a detailed study of the ABCD data.Cheng’s group found out that kids who on average slept less than 7 hours a night were more likely to have behavior problems than kids who slept more.Kids who missed out on sleep also had more mood problems，including depression.Feeling sad or blue for longer than a week or two can be a sign of depression.Poor sleepers were also more likely to have stomach problems and headaches. According to Kyla Wahlstrom，a professor at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis，at night，your brain sorts information to link related facts but it takes the brain longer to organize negative(消极的) moods than positive ones.If you don’t get enough sleep，your brain might not have time to finish tidying up.If the brain runs out of time，you’re left with negative moods.That may explain why Cheng’s group found out not getting enough sleep was connected with mood problems，says Wahlstrom. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，睡眠不足会导致情绪问题，而且还有可能影响人的行为方式。 8．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The data. B．The good performance. C．The ABCD Study. D．The investigation. 答案　D 解析　代词指代题。根据第一段内容可知，为了研究睡眠是否会影响情绪和行为，一个科学家小组决定对此进行调查，故that指代那项调查。故选D。 9．How did Wei Cheng and his group conduct their study? A．By analyzing the data collected by others. B．By observing the American kids’ behavior. C．By gathering information on American kids. D．By recording the American kids’ sleeping time. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句以及第三段可知，他们通过分析他人收集的数据来进行研究。故选A。 10．Why is Kyla Wahlstrom mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To stress the importance of enough sleep. B．To encourage people to sleep more at night. C．To introduce the danger of negative moods. D．To further explain the findings of Cheng’s group. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，凯拉·瓦尔斯特罗姆在进一步解释程的团队的研究发现。故选D。 11．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Keeping Fit by Sleeping Well B．Making Yourself a Perfect Sleeper C．Remove Bad Moods by Having a Good Sleep D．Putting Yourself in a Positive State of Mind 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Might it also affect your moods(情绪) or your behavior？”和第三段的研究发现可知，全文旨在说明研究发现睡眠不足会导致情绪问题，睡眠与情绪紧密相关，故C项为最佳标题。 Ⅱ.七选五 When you’re giving a speech，there isn’t a one-stop-shop approach that will address every individual. 1 These requirements need to be considered when planning your speech. 2 Larger audiences often have little or no audience participation，so your tone and body language are more important than ever.Maintaining eye contact with as many individuals is necessary to keep them engaged.For smaller audiences，they often have more opportunities to be conversational and relaxed.This means you’ll need to prepare enough material to fill the time slot and allow for questions or comments throughout.Meanwhile，you still need to deliver your message in the time you have. Keep in mind that you naturally have different types of people in the audience. 3 Generally，there are 4 different ways people learn：visual，auditory，reading and writing and kinaesthetic(动觉的)．Including these elements of each learning style in your speech will help engage more of your audience. Consider whether you are addressing other experts in the same field or beginners with limited knowledge around the topic. 4 The most effective way to do this is to create two versions of your speech that have different contents entirely. No matter how much you prepare and adapt your content for who you’ll be talking to，you may find you are losing audience engagement.It’s important that you read and act on these signals which can be anything from lack of eye contact，yawning or your listener being on their phone. 5 A．Adapt your speech based on your audience size. B．Adjust your approach to get back their attention. C．It can assist in connecting with different audiences. D．They learn and take in information in different ways. E．Adjust your speech to target these two types of audience. F．Take time to observe and look out for the reactions in the crowd. G．Audiences have different requirements when receiving information. 1．答案　G 解析　根据前文“When you’re giving a speech，there isn’t a one-stop-shop approach that will address every individual.” 可知，在演讲时会遇到各种听众，这些听众会有不同的要求。G项“听众在接收信息时有不同的需求”符合语境。选项中的different requirements呼应下一句中的These requirements。故选G。 2．答案　A 解析　设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文中的“Larger audiences”和“For smaller audiences”可知，应该根据观众人数的多少调整演讲。A项“根据你的听众人数调整你的演讲”可以作为本段主旨句。故选A。 3．答案　D 解析　根据上文“have different types of people in the audience” 可知，观众中有不同类型的人，D项“他们以不同的方式了解和吸收信息”符合语境，选项里的they也承接了上文中的“different types of people”。下文“Generally，there are 4 different ways people learn”接着对观众的学习方式进行了举例说明。故选D。 4．答案　E 解析　根据上文“Consider whether you are addressing other experts in the same field or beginners with limited knowledge around the topic.”可知，针对不同的人有不同的演讲方式或内容。E项“调整你的演讲以针对这两类听众”符合语境，选项中的两类观众指的就是上文提到的专家和初学者。故选E。 5．答案　B 解析　根据上文可知，观众会对演讲内容失去兴趣，因此演讲者要调整方法重新引起他们的注意。B项“调整你的方法以重新引起他们的注意”符合语境。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$