Unit 2 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第二册（译林版2020）

单元主题语境　人与自然——可持续发展 Sustainability is about ecology，economy and equity.—Ralph Bicknese 可持续性关乎生态、经济和公平。——拉尔夫·比克内斯 Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating❶ designs around us, including those in architecture. From Barcelona’s forest-like Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing’s Water Cube, nature is presented in various architectural designs. Today, architects continue to explore ways to capture❷ the beauty of natural forms, to mimic❸ the way nature works or even to make natural organisms❹ part of a building. The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany. The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels❺ that contain algae❻. The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow. In bright sunshine, they grow faster and provide shade. The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert❼ it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy, but also reduces damage to the environment by generating❽ its own renewable energy. Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this. (节选自外研版新教材选择性必修第三册Unit 5) 词汇积累 1.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的，迷人的 2．capture v．俘获；捕获 3．mimic v．模仿；模拟(外观或效果) 4．organism n．生物，有机体 5．panel n．(门等的)镶板，嵌板；控制板 6．algae n．水藻；海藻 7．convert v．(使)转变，(使)转换 8．generate v．产生，引起 Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．graze　　 　 A．to reduce sth by a large amount so that there is not enough left 2．scenario B．a system of electric wires or pipes carrying gas，for sending power over a large area 3．fossil C．to eat grass that is growing in a field 4．accelerate D．to make sth that has been officially decided start to happen or be used 5．implement E．to make sth as good as it can be；to use sth in the best possible way 6．optimize F．to happen or to make sth happen faster or earlier than expected 7．deplete G．a description of how things might happen in the future 8．grid H．the remains of an animal or a plant which have turned into rock 答案　1.C　2.G　3.H　4.F　5.D　6.E　7.A 8．B Ⅱ.选词填空 1．If we continue to waste water，the river would eventually dry up. 2．When you follow the golden rule，you open the door to success. 3．I usually cut through the park to get to school，which helps me save time. 4．He lacks confidence in his study，which accounts for the little progress he makes. 5．In contrast，people who go to bed between 11 p．m.and 3 a．m.tend to consume more coffee than early risers. 1．Why does the author mention the story of the villagers in the first paragraph? A．To prove that coal mining can bring economic boom. B．To warn that coal mining can cause damage to the environment. C．To present a scene where people live in harmony with nature. D．To tell the readers that coal is not worth mining. 答案　B 2．Which of the following items does not belong to renewable energy? A．Hydroelectricity. B．Solar energy. C．Biomass energy. D．Petroleum. 答案　D 3．Why can’t fossil fuels be completely replaced with renewable energy? A．Because fossil fuels can well satisfy the demands of the people all over the world. B．Because fossil fuels are easy to exploit from under the earth. C．Because some renewable energy sources have their own disadvantages. D．Because thermal batteries for storing extra energy are rather expensive. 答案　C 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of renewable energy? A．Optimistic. B．Pessimistic. C．Unconcerned. D．Not mentioned. 答案　A As we all know，the burning of fossil fuels will produce a large quantity of carbon dioxide and cause global warming.In addition，their reserves 1.are estimated(estimate) to dry up one day in the future.As a result，it is urgent 2.to replace(replace) fossil fuels with renewable energy.Renewable energy sources,3.which include solar，wind，hydroelectric，tidal，biomass and geothermal energy，are perfect alternatives 4.to fossil fuels.Renewable energy sources are 5.basically(basic) inexhaustible and will be available to us for a few billion more years if our planet 6.remains(remain) safe and healthy.However，renewable energy sources have their own 7.disadvantages(advantage)．They are not available everywhere and at any given moment.Besides，it is not easy to store extra energy for future use.With these challenges in mind，scientists are working hard to solve the energy 8.storage(store) problem.There is no doubt 9.that renewable energy will form a big part of our future and help us build a 10.greener(green) and healthier world. inexhaustible adj.用之不竭的；无穷无尽的 (exhaust v．使……筋疲力尽；耗尽，用尽；详尽讨论 n．废气 exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的，疲惫不堪的；耗尽的，枯竭的 exhausting adj.使人筋疲力尽的 exhaustion n．筋疲力尽，疲惫不堪；耗尽，用尽；枯竭) be exhausted from 因……而疲劳 (1)We believe firmly in the inexhaustible(exhaust) creative power of the masses. (2)Her throat was parched，and she was exhausted from all the walking. (3)They got involved in a long and exhausting(exhaust) struggle and were at a disadvantage. (4)Nowadays，senior high school students are burdened with all kinds of homework and are always exhausted(exhaust)． (5)While a moderate amount of stress can be beneficial，too much stress can exhaust you/make you exhausted. 虽然适度的压力是有益的，但太多的压力会让你筋疲力尽。 dry up 枯竭，耗尽；(河流、湖泊等)干涸 dry out 干透；使……变干 (1)The main source of income，tourism，is expected to dry up completely this summer. (2)Water the plant regularly，and never let the soil dry out. whose 引导定语从句 教材原句　Besides，fossil fuels are non-renewable，whose reserves are estimated to dry up one day in the future.此外，化石燃料是不可再生能源，其储备估计在未来某一天会枯竭。(教材P16) ·本句中whose引导定语从句，whose在从句中作定语，可以指人也可指物。 ·“whose＋n.”结构一般可以与“the＋n.＋of＋which/whom”结构互换。 (1)Classmates took turns to take care of the boy whose leg/the leg of whom was injured last week. 同学们轮流照顾上周腿部受伤的男孩。 (2)The summer camp will start from 14th to 16th June in Beihai Park in Beijing，whose aim/the aim of which is to improve participants’ knowledge of Chinese culture. 夏令营将于6月14日至16日在北京北海公园开始，目的是提高参加者对中国文化的了解。 现在分词(短语)作状语 教材原句　Looking forward，we should invest in new technologies and innovative thinking that open the door to a whole new world where we decrease reliance on fossil fuels.展望未来，我们应该投资新技术和新思维，这些新技术和新思维打开了一扇对化石燃料依赖程度更低的全新世界的大门。(教材P17) ·现在分词(短语)作状语时，通常情况下其逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致，可以在句中作条件、让步、方式或伴随、时间、结果等状语。 ·现在分词表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或紧接着发生，如果现在分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系，就用现在分词的一般主动式(doing)；如果两者之间是被动关系，则用现在分词的一般被动式(being done)。 ·现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，如果现在分词与句子的主语之间是主动关系，就用其完成主动式(having done)；如果两者之间是被动关系，则用其完成被动式(having been done)。 (1)Learning that you got admitted to Peking University，I am writing to congratulate you. 得知你被北京大学录取，我写信祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信) (2)Being well taken care of，she recovered quickly in the nursing home. 在疗养院她受到很好的照顾，身体恢复得很快。 (3)Having packed up my luggage on Saturday morning，I headed for the destination with my classmates by bus. 星期六早上收拾好行李后，我和同学们乘公共汽车去了目的地。 (4)Having been shown around the classrooms，we were taken to see the library. 我们被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。 (5)I’m writing you a letter，hoping to get your guide and suggestions. 我给你写信，希望得到你的指导和建议。(现在分词作伴随状语) Ⅰ.一词多义 up to A.能胜任　B.由某人决定　C.正在干，从事着　D.直到　E.达到，多达 1．Up to now，I have understood everything the teacher said. D 2．I think I can be up to the rewarding job that my boss offered me. A 3．Our school can display up to 1,000 students’ paintings at a time in the school hall. E 4．It’s up to you to decide which method you should adopt. B 5．Seeing the scene，their father was aware of what they were up to. C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．There is good grassland here for your cattle and horses to graze on.(在草地上)吃青草 2．The car picks up speed quickly and can accelerate to 100km/h in 10 seconds.加速 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A I’ve been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut tree. It’s a unique tree.In late September or early October，falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls of you，your children，your neighbors and those living near.Patio(露台) umbrellas are a must while dining in the garden beginning in early August，and because of the volume of fruit this season，I wear my bike helmet while working in the garden. The black walnut also releases a chemical through its roots as a competitive strategy.It’s poisonous to several common plants.There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with hopes that maybe the black walnut would accept them，but they failed. What does work are native plants that naturally grow in the area.Native plants are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators(传粉者) like birds，bees and butterflies with seeds and contribute to a healthy and biodiverse environment.Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow，so they experience less stress. Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard？Yes，however，getting rid of this tree is next to impossible.It’s also protected under the law.Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it.Trees are home to numerous birds and insect species and are essential for keeping our environment balanced. I can’t imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year singing their songs before dawn.Every spring，I wonder what the season holds：What are the chances of being knocked unconscious while barbecuing？Like any good relationship，I’ll never be pleased.I’m stuck with this tree，so I’ll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires.In return，my walnut offers a home to wildlife and a reminder that acceptance，instead of resistance，is the better way to be. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者家后院的一棵黑胡桃树，向我们揭示了树木对于生态环境的重要性，使我们加深了对大自然的理解。 1．Why does the author wear a bike helmet while working in the garden? A．To protect her injured skull. B．To protect herself against sunburn. C．To avoid getting stung by bees. D．To avoid being hit by the walnut fruits. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，作者在花园里工作时戴头盔是为了避免被掉下来的胡桃果实砸到。故选D。 2．What is the walnut tree’s competitive strategy to grow? A．To attract beneficial pollinators. B．To release harmful gas through the leaves. C．To produce a chemical that may kill other plants. D．To compete for nutrition with other plants. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，黑胡桃树的竞争策略是通过释放一种有毒的化学物质，来毒杀其他植物。故选C。 3．What mainly prevented the author from removing the tree? A．Its long history. B．Its various benefits. C．Its huge and heavy trunk. D．Its popularity in the community. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，作者也想过要摆脱这棵树，但是这棵树有很多益处，对城市森林和居住在这里的人们都很重要，也是鸟类和昆虫的家园，对保护环境平衡很重要，所以这是阻止作者移除这棵树的原因。故选B。 4．Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A．Loving Trees B．Fighting Nature C．Protecting Plants D．Understanding Nature 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了作者家后院的一棵黑胡桃树，向我们揭示了树木对于生态环境的重要性，虽然作者总是担心会被这棵树掉下来的果实砸到头，但还是选择接受这棵树，没有将其移除，因为作者知道这棵树对生态环境的价值是很大的，所以他选择接受，而不是反抗，这是对大自然的理解。故选D。 B (2023·南京八校高三联考) With no special equipment，no fences and no watering，two abandoned agricultural fields in the UK have been rewilded(重新野化)，in large part due to the efforts of jays，which actually “engineered” these new woodlands.Researchers now hope that rewilding projects can take a more natural and hands-off approach and that jays can shed some of their bad reputations. The two fields，which researchers have called the New Wilderness and the Old Wilderness，had been abandoned in 1996 and 1961 respectively.The former was a bare field，while the latter was grassland—both lay next to ancient woodlands.Researchers had suspected that the fields would gradually return to wilderness，but it was impressive to see just how quickly this happened，and how much of it was owed to birds. Using aerial data，the researchers monitored the two sites.After just 24 years，the New Wilderness had grown into a young，healthy wood with 132 live trees per hectare，over half of which (57%) were oaks.Meanwhile，the Old Wilderness resembled a mature woodland after 39 years，with 390 trees per hectare. “This native woodland restoration was approaching the structure (but not the species composition) of long-established woodlands within six decades，” the researchers explained in the study. Part of this reforestation was done by the wind，and researchers suspect that previous ground disturbance may have aided the woodland establishment—which is good news，as it would suggest that agricultural areas may be reforested faster than anticipated.However，animals—Eurasian jays，thrushes，wood mice，and squirrels—also played an important role in helping the forests take shape.This handful of species provided much of the natural regeneration needed for the forest to develop.Jays，in particular，seem to have done a lot of heavy lifting. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究、检测英国的两块废弃农田被重新野生化的过程，得出结论，重新造林速度比预期要快，并且该过程有了风力和一些为数不多的物种的帮助后，能够加速大自然的更新。 5．What does the underlined word “shed” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Be opposed to. B．Be ashamed of. C．Get used to. D．Get rid of. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“With no special equipment...in large part due to the efforts of jays”以及后文“some of their bad reputations”可知，松鸦本来是有着坏名声的鸟类，但却帮助两块废弃农田重新野生化。所以是摆脱了坏名声。故选D。 6．Which aspect of the changes in the two fields impressed the researchers? A．The scale of the woodlands. B．The diversity of the fields. C．The rate of the changes. D．The frequency of the wilderness. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“it was impressive to see just how quickly this happened”可知，研究人员认为废弃农田重新野生化的速度非常令人印象深刻。故选C。 7．What does the author want to tell us by providing some data in paragragh 3? A．The woodland restoration was approaching the structure of long-established ones. B．Much of the wilderness of the fields was owed to birds. C．Previous ground disturbance aided the woodland establishment. D．How quickly the fields returned to wilderness over time. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，作者进行了数据的对比，表示仅仅24年，新荒野就变成了树林，而39年后，老荒野就成了成熟的林地。由此可知，作者展示这些数据是为了告诉我们废弃农田重新野生化能有多快。故选D。 8．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．The essential role of humans in the reforestation. B．The factors that contribute to the reforestation. C．The importance of woodland establishment. D．The threats faced by a handful of wild animals. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，风力、松鸦等因素在重新造林中发挥了重要的作用。由此可知，作者最后一段是在列举促成重新造林的各项因素。故选B。 C An afternoon nap(午睡) is one of the joys of life，although too much napping could signal all is not well.In some cultures，people will have a daily nap—this is fine.The warning comes when people start sleeping during the daytime，when they did not before.There is certainly a good reason to believe that daytime sleepiness—as in the Alzheimer’s study—can be a marker of an underlying condition. For most people，napping during the day is mainly a sign that you are not getting enough sleep at night，says Dr Neil Stanley，a sleep expert.“If you feel sleepy during the day，you should think about taking a nap.That is what the body needs—it doesn’t need to be kept awake with caffeine；it needs sleep.” The feeling to notice is “sleepiness”，he says，not “tiredness”，which could be more psychological and linked to stress. So how do you nap well？The key thing，says Stanley，is how long your nap lasts.Choose either a 20- or 90-minute nap.“When you fall asleep，you’ll quickly go through the lighter stages of sleep into your first period of deep sleep.You don’t want to wake up in deep sleep because that’s when you wake and feel worse than you did before.”Napping for 20 minutes means you will wake up before you go into deep sleep; napping for 90 minutes means you’ll complete a sleep cycle. Once you factor in the time it takes to fall asleep—some people are better at napping than others but，says Stanley，“a healthy adult will fall asleep in between 5 and 12 minutes” —you can set an alarm，allowing a 30- to 40-minute period for a short nap，and up to two hours for a longer one. A good time to nap is during the body’s natural dip in the afternoon，between 2 pm and 4 pm.“You don’t really want to be napping much past that because then you are going to be eating into your night-time sleep，” Stanley says.The point，he stresses，is to get good night-time sleep，which would ensure you probably don’t need to nap at all. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在午睡期间睡得好以及最适合午睡的时间。 9. What does an afternoon nap indicate for most people? A．Caffeine addiction. B．Psychological stress. C．Insufficient night sleep. D．Potential physical illness. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段首句“For most people，napping during the day is mainly a sign that you are not getting enough sleep at night”可知，对于大多数人来说，午睡是因为夜间睡眠不足。故选C项。 10. What is the key to a good nap? A．Duration. B．Surroundings. C．Health. D．Stages. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So how do you nap well？The key thing，says Stanley，is how long your nap lasts.”可知，睡得好的关键因素是午睡的持续时间。故选A项。 11．What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to? A．A 30- to 40-minute period. B．Between 2 pm and 4 pm. C．Between 5 and 12 minutes. D．A 20- to 90-minute period. 答案　B 解析　代词指代题。根据最后一段内容可知，午睡的最佳时间是在下午的两点到四点之间，而过了这个时间，你可能就不再想睡了，因为那可能会浪费掉你晚上的睡眠时间。故可推知，画线词“that”指代的是下午2点到4点之间。故选B项。 12. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Why to Phase a Nap B．When to Take a Good Nap C．What to Learn from a Nap D．How to Have a Successful Nap 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。通读文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了如何在午睡期间睡得好以及最适合午睡的时间。D项“如何成功地午睡”符合文意，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Ⅱ.七选五 Work，family and world events can be so stressful that it feels like optimism and joy are far out of reach.Anyone can get stuck in a bad mood—but you don’t have to stay there！ 1 Once you’re in a mood you need to shake，start by going to your happy place. 2 If not，keep a photo on your phone or computer of a beautiful，favorite place and take a moment to imagine yourself there.What’s the weather like？What does the air smell like？What are you doing while you’re there？How does being there make you feel？You’ll instantly feel calmer，lost in the daydream or the memory of your happy place. We can make our situations worse by keeping thinking about negative thoughts. 3 “Bad things always happen to me.” becomes “What lesson can I learn from this situation？” and “I wasted the whole day.” becomes “I still have 5 more hours left to make today a great day！” Whether it is going for a coffee at your favorite café，or catching a movie in the theatre，make sure that once a week you schedule some “me” time. 4 That may mean getting less done during the day，but you deserve to take a mental break，regularly.So give priority to the time you need to recharge. 5 Whether it’s the rare bit of easy traffic on your way to work or the break in the weather，you won’t have time to complain about the negative things because you’re so busy being grateful. A．You can also volunteer at your local shelter. B．It helps focus on the present and clear your mind. C．Thankfully，there are ways you can get back on track. D．If you’re able，get into nature and breathe the fresh air. E．Relieve your stress and refresh your mind，body and spirit. F．When a negative thought flashes，replace it with a positive one. G．When a negative attitude takes over，shake it off by practising gratitude. 1．答案　C 解析　根据上文“Anyone can get stuck in a bad mood—but you don’t have to stay there！”可知，我们任何人都可以摆脱糟糕的情绪，不必深陷其中，C项“幸好，有很多方法可以让你回到正轨”能够承接上文，并引起下文，下文介绍了摆脱糟糕情绪的方法。故选C。 2．答案　D 解析　根据上文“Once you’re in a mood you need to shake，start by going to your happy place.”可知，我们可以通过去让你快乐的地方摆脱糟糕的情绪，D项“如果可以，进入大自然，呼吸新鲜空气”能够承接上文，大自然是让你感到快乐的地方，你可以去那里呼吸新鲜空气。故选D。 3．答案　F 解析　根据上文“We can make our situations worse by keeping thinking about negative thoughts.”可知，我们不断思考消极的想法会使我们的处境变得更糟，F项“当消极的想法闪现时，用积极的想法代替它”能够承接上文，并呼应下文具体的举例。故选F。 4．答案　E 解析　根据上文“Whether it is going for a coffee at your favorite café，or catching a movie in the theatre，make sure that once a week you schedule some ‘me’ time.”可知，我们每周要安排一些属于自己的时间，E项“缓解你的压力，恢复你的思想、身体和精神”能够承接上文，描述的是自由安排属于自己的时间所带来的好的结果。故选E。 5．答案　G 解析　根据下文“Whether it’s the rare bit of easy traffic...being grateful.”可知，我们要学会感恩身边的人和事物，G项“当消极态度占据上风时，通过练习感恩来摆脱它”能够引起下文，告诉我们要通过感恩来摆脱消极态度，选项中的“gratitude”和下文的“grateful”相呼应。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$