Unit 1 Period 4 Extended reading & Other parts-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第二册（译林版2020）

Period 4　Extended reading & Other parts 1．How does the author develop his idea in the first paragraph? A．By giving some pictures. B．By listing some concrete facts. C．By sharing his own experiences. D．By exaggerating the scale of the drug abuse. 答案　C 2．Why can’t a drug user make sensible decisions? A．Because his family is torn apart. B．Because his heart can’t function properly. C．Because he has put others in great danger. D．Because he has lost his ability of controlling his own mind. 答案　D 3．What’s paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The harm of drug abuse to individuals. B．The harm of drug abuse to society. C．The reason why the criminal underworld develops so quickly. D．Why so many people start taking drugs. 答案　B 4．Which word has the closest meaning to the word “fabric” in the last sentence of paragraph 3? A．Structure. B．Cloth. C．Value. D．Impact. 答案　A 5．Which of the following is NOT the reason for some people’s starting taking drugs? A．Curiosity. B．High social pressure. C．The lure(引诱) of drug users around them. D．Their own desire for drugs. 答案　D Drug abuse has become such a serious global problem 1.that it is everyone’s responsibility to say “no” to drugs.Drug abuse hurts 2.an individual drug user both physically and mentally.The most serious health conditions 3.associated(associate) with drug abuse include heart problems，kidney failure，liver damage and a 4.weakened(weaken) immune system.Moreover，drugs interfere with a person’s ability 5.to make(make) sensible decisions.Besides，drug abuse destroys families and 6.impacts(impact) society as a whole.To protect yourself 7.from drug abuse，you should learn more about drugs and choose where you go and who you spend time with 8.carefully(careful)．If necessary，you can seek 9.assistance(assist) from an adult.In conclusion，the 10.most effective(effective) way to avoid all the problems caused by the use of drugs is not to use them in the first place. attachment n．附件；连接(物)；依恋；暂时隶属于[attach v．把……固定，附(在……上)；重视；认为有重要性；(使)与……有关联 attached adj.附加的；附属于；依恋的，爱慕的] ·attach...to...把……附在……上；把……绑在……上 attach importance/significance/value/weight/...to认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量等 ·be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于 (1)Please find my application letter and resume in the attachment(attach)． (2)With time going by，Claire seemed to be more attached(attach) to Tony，the robot. (3)You can never attach too much importance to reading during the process of learning a language. 在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么重视阅读也不为过。(应用文写作之建议信) (4)He took out the hammock，attached it to the trees and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music. 他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。(读后续写之动作链描写) drop one’s guard 放松警惕 drop in顺便进入 drop in on sb顺便访问某人 drop off减少；下降；睡着 drop out (of) (从……中)退出/退学 (1)Although he had recovered from the surgery，his mother still warned him not to drop his guard. 虽然他已经从手术中康复，但他的母亲仍然警告他不要放松警惕。 (2)Sales of ice cream have begun to drop off significantly since last week now that summer was over. 由于夏天已经结束，冰淇淋的销量自上周开始明显下降。 (3)I’d like to drop in on the student who dropped out of school several days ago. 我要走访一下几天前退学的那个学生。 fight off 抵抗，击退 fight for为……而战斗(斗争) fight against为反对……而斗争；与……作斗争 fight with与……(一起)作战 (1)Always remember to fight off a hurdle by facing it，not by running away from it. (2)Once a war breaks out，patriotic soldiers will fight for their motherland without delay. (3)Mary，a poorly dressed girl，did not fight with the other children，but stood quietly in the distance. (4)Because of the illness，my good friend even asked a three-month leave from school.During that time，he not only fought against the disease but kept on studying. 省略if的虚拟条件句 教材原句　Last but not least，should you ever come under pressure to use drugs，you must immediately seek assistance from an adult who you look up to，such as a family member，a teacher or a doctor.最后但同样重要的是，如果你面临吸毒的压力，你必须立即向你尊敬的成年人寻求帮助，比如家人、老师或医生。(P12) 在虚拟语气中，若if条件句中使用了were，should，had 时，可以省略if，此时从句需要使用部分倒装，即把were，should，had放在句首。 (1)Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go for a barbecue in the open air. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不会去户外烧烤了。 (2)Were I a doctor，I would volunteer to work for the people infected with the virus. 如果我是医生的话，我会志愿为感染病毒的人服务。 (3)Had I followed your advice earlier，I would have passed the important exam. 如果我早听从你的建议的话，我就会通过这场重要的考试了。 Ⅰ.一词多义 exhibit A.vt.表现，显示　B.vt.展览，展出　C.n.展览品，陈列品 1．No one is permitted to take photos of the exhibits in the museum without permission. C 2．This museum will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. B 3．From a very early age，some children exhibit better self-control than others. A Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．It would be rash to assume that everyone will agree with you on this.轻率的，鲁莽的 2．At length the crisis of the old man’s disorder was past，and he began to recover.疾病 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A After lab-grown meat，are you getting ready for animal-free cow’s milk？A San Francisco start-up believes it has found a solution. Through a combination of yeast(酵母) with cow DNA and plant nutrients，Perfect Day claims to have created a product identical in taste and nutritional value of cow’s milk but without any cows involved.It will satisfy consumers who love eating dairy(乳制品的) ice cream，cheese and yoghurt，but loathe factory-style farming and its environmental footprint. Sales of milk alternatives such as soy，coconut and more recent pea milk are expected to be on the rise.But until now they have not cut the production of traditional milk and dairy products.“The alternatives to yoghurt，cheese and ice cream are so bad that people don’t even want to try them，” said Perfect Day co-founder Ryan Pandya. The missing ingredient(成分) in plant-based alternatives is cow’s milk proteins.To make the animal-free cow’s milk，Perfect Day puts cow DNA—which is readily available thanks to decades of research by the dairy industry—into yeast and adds sugar to create cow’s milk proteins through fermentation(发酵)．These milk proteins are then combined with sugar，fats and nutrients to create the final product. “We’re taking plant nutrients and transforming them into animal proteins the same way that cows do，using the same milk proteins as found in cow’s milk，but much more efficiently，because we’re using a yeast cell not an animal，” said Pandya. Although comparisons have been made with lab-grown meat，Pandya said they are not using novel technology.“Many people initially go ‘oh，is this like lab or test-tube milk？’，but that’s wrong.There are no test tubes in our fermentation process.The meat researchers are trying to invent technology that doesn’t exist today，but our milk is made through techniques that have been in use for more than three decades.” 1．What does the underlined word “loathe” mean in paragraph 2? A．Ignore. B．Hate. C．Doubt. D．Tolerate. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。由画线词所在句中的but可知，前后存在转折关系；再结合语境可知，前面说爱吃奶制冰激凌、奶酪和酸奶，后面应该表示厌恶工厂式农场经营及其对环境的影响。 2．Which of the following is a part of Perfect Day’s milk-making process? A．Mixing cow DNA with yeast and sugar. B．Adding sugar and fats to plant milk. C．Mixing plant milk with cow milk. D．Adding cow DNA to plant milk. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知，Perfect Day将奶牛DNA放入酵母中，并添加糖，通过发酵产生牛奶蛋白。故A项“将奶牛DNA与酵母和糖混合”正确。 3．How is Perfect Day’s milk different from pea milk? A．It costs less energy. B．It is cheaper in price. C．It has cow’s milk proteins. D．It contains less sugar and fats. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段首句和第五段中的“...using the same milk proteins as found in cow’s milk...”可知，豆奶代表的植物性替代产品不含牛奶蛋白，而Perfect Day生产的这种奶含有与牛奶中相同的牛奶蛋白，由此可知，Perfect Day的奶与豆奶的不同之处是含有牛奶蛋白。 4．What does Pandya think of their product? A．It tastes like test-tube milk. B．It needs to be tested further. C．It is well-received by green food lovers. D．It is produced with existing technology. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“but our milk is made through techniques that have been in use for more than three decades”可知，Pandya认为他们的产品使用的是已经存在的技术，故D项正确。 B People have different ways of dealing with a common cold.Some take over-the-counter(非处方的) medicines such as aspirin while others try popular home remedies(治疗) like herbal tea or chicken soup.Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold：nothing really cures it. So why do people sometimes believe that their remedies work？According to James Taylor，a professor at the University of Washington，colds usually go away on their own in about a week，improving a little each day after symptoms peak，so it’s easy to believe it’s medicine rather than time that deserves the credit，USA Today reported. It still seems hard to believe that we can deal with more serious diseases yet are powerless against something so common as a cold.Recently，scientists came closer to figuring out why.To understand it，you first need to know how antiviral(抗病毒的) drugs work.They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus.To do that，the drug must fit and lock into the virus like the right piece of a jigsaw(拼图)，which means scientists have to identify the virus and build a 3-D model to study its surface before they can design an antiviral drug that is effective enough. The two cold viruses that scientists had long known about were rhinovirus(鼻病毒) A and B．But they didn’t find out about the existence of a third virus，rhinovirus C，until 2006.All three of them contribute to the common cold，but drugs that work well against rhinovirus A and B have little effect when used against C. “This explains most of the previous failures of drug trials against rhinovirus，” study leader Professor Ann Palmenberg at University of Wisconsin-Madison，US，told Science Daily. Now，more than 10 years after the discovery of rhinovirus C，scientists have finally built a highly-detailed 3-D model of the virus，showing that the surface of the virus is，as expected，different from that of other cold viruses. With the model in hand，hopefully a real cure for a common cold is on its way.Soon，we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don’t really work. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。人们对待普通感冒有不同的方法。然而，关于普通感冒有一个残酷的事实：没有什么能真正治愈它。 5．What does the author think of popular remedies for a common cold? A．They are quite effective. B．They are slightly helpful. C．They still need to be improved. D．They actually have no effect. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第一段中“Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold：nothing really cures it.”可知，然而，关于普通感冒，有一个残酷的事实：没有什么能真正治愈它。所以作者认为普通感冒的流行疗法实际上没有效果。故选D项。 6．How do antiviral drugs work? A．By breaking up cold viruses directly. B．By changing the surface structures of the cold viruses. C．By preventing colds from developing into serious diseases. D．By absorbing different kinds of cold viruses at the same time. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。由第三段中“They attack the virus by attaching to and changing the surface structures of the virus.”可知，抗病毒药物通过附着和改变病毒的表面结构来攻击病毒。故选B项。 7．What can we infer from the passage? A．The surfaces of cold viruses look quite similar. B．Scientists have already found a cure for the common cold. C．Scientists were not aware of the existence of rhinovirus C until recently. D．Knowing the structure of cold viruses is the key to developing an effective cure. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由第三段最后一句可知，科学家们通过识别病毒并建立3D模型研究其表面才能设计一个足够有效的抗病毒药物。所以推断出，了解感冒病毒的结构是开发有效治疗方法的关键。故选D项。 8．What is the best title for this passage? A．Drugs Against Cold Viruses B．Helpful Home Remedies C．No Current Cure for Common Cold D．Research on Cold Viruses 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。由第一段中“Yet here is the tough truth about the common cold：nothing really cures it.”以及最后一段中“Soon，we may no longer have to waste our money on medicines that don’t really work.”可知，文章开头段落点明主题，和最后一段相呼应，使我们了解到目前没有药物能真正治愈普通感冒。故选C项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 It all began when I moved to Dallas in the fourth grade.I 1 that I was behind in my reading at Saint Michael’s School.Reading out loud，I had difficulty with half the 2 .My teacher，Mrs Agnew，said my reading comprehension and ability to 3 words were at a lower level than other fourth graders.She suggested that I be tested for dyslexia(阅读障碍)．The test made me feel uncomfortable，and I was 4 to answer the questions，in fear of facing the 5 . The test results showed that I had developmental dyslexia.At first I felt discouraged by this diagnosis(诊断)， 6 eventually，I became determined to 7 my disability.I got tutors and speech therapy.I would read difficult books，hoping to 8 the confidence I had in myself. I had finally overcome my learning disability.But even though I had conquered(征服) one of the biggest 9 in my life，I still felt like something was missing. The missing link was 10 when I walked down the halls of the hospital as a 11 ，the same hospital where I had once stayed，nervous and confused.Because I felt so lucky to have got so much help from this facility，I wanted to 12 by helping patients here. One day a little girl in a wheelchair asked me to read a book to her.I read the book very 13 so that she could understand the story.When I left，the girl thanked me for reading to her.Eight years ago I would have 14 to read a book to this little girl，but now I am 15 .I had overcome my disability and was helping others to overcome theirs. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在小时候被确诊患有阅读障碍，通过他人的帮助及自己的决心作者最终克服了这一挑战，作者长大后以志愿者的身份重新回到医院，来帮助这里的病人，以回报自己曾经受过的帮助。 1．A.declared B．assumed C．recommended D．noticed 答案　D 解析　由下句可知，作者是在大声阅读时注意到自己在阅读方面有困难的，B选项assume“假设”，不符合句意；A、C与句意无关，故选D。 2．A.sentences B．lectures C．dictionaries D．chances 答案　A 解析　由下句中的“reading comprehension”可知，作者是在读句子上有困难，故选A。 3．A.choose B．exchange C．pronounce D．write 答案　C 解析　该空对应前文“Reading out loud”，说明是发音的能力，故选C。 4．A.motivated B．scared C．confused D．disappointed 答案　B 解析　由前文“The test made me feel uncomfortable”以及后文“in fear of”可知，作者害怕回答问题。故选B。 5．A.threat B．risk C．trick D．failure 答案　D 解析　由前文可知，作者知道自己在理解句子和阅读的能力方面有问题，所以不敢做这个测试，害怕失败，故选D。 6．A.but B．so C．or D．unless 答案　A 解析　由上下文“I felt discouraged”“I became determined”可知此处应表示转折，故选A。 7．A.deny B．lose C．overcome D．hide 答案　C 解析　由后文“I had finally overcome my learning disability.”可知，此处表示作者下定决心克服自己的阅读障碍。故选C。 8．A.shake B．share C．express D．increase 答案　D 解析　句意：我会读一些难懂的书，希望能增强我对自己的信心。结合句意和选项可知，D项符合题意。 9．A.challenges B．secrets C．decisions D．mistakes 答案　A 解析　由全文可知，作者的阅读障碍对作者来说一个挑战，其他选项均不符合句意，故选A。 10．A.mentioned B．filled C．recommended D．assessed 答案　B 解析　句意：当我作为志愿者走在医院的大厅中时，我缺失的一环被填补上了。结合句意和选项可知，B项符合句意。 11．A.relative B．visitor C．volunteer D．patient 答案　C 解析　由前文可知，作者克服了阅读障碍，所以不再是patient，再由后文“helping patients here”以及作者为小女孩读书可知，作者应是以志愿者的身份重回医院，故选C。 12．A.turn away B．cut in C．hold on D．give back 答案　D 解析　结合上文可知，此处表示作者曾经从这个机构中获得了很多帮助，所以现在也想通过帮助其他病人来回报他人。故选D。 13．A.properly B．sincerely C．slowly D．softly 答案　C 解析　so that表承接，作者为了能让这个小女孩听懂，所以应是读的很慢，故选C。 14．A.dared B．hesitated C．attempted D．happened 答案　B 解析　由关键词“Eight years ago”可知，那时作者还有阅读障碍，所以对给小女孩读书会感到犹豫，故选B。 15．A.confident B．independent C．careful D．grateful 答案　A 解析　由but可知前后句意相反，前半句说曾经的作者会对这个举动感到犹豫，所以后半句应该表示作者现在不再害怕、犹豫，同时confident也与第二段的confidence相呼应，故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 In 1951，a young mother of five named Henrietta Lacks visited The Johns Hopkins Hospital.Upon 1. (care) examination，the famous doctor Howard Jones discovered a large cervical tumor(宫颈肿瘤)． A small number of her cancer cells 2. (collect) during a medical test were sent to Dr.George Gey’s nearby lab.For years，Dr.Gey，a well-known cancer and virus researcher，had been collecting cells from all patients 3. came to The Johns Hopkins Hospital with cervical cancer，regardless of 4. (they) race or socioeconomic position，but each cell 5. (rapid) died in Dr.Gey’s lab.What Dr.Gey soon discovered 6. (be) that Mrs Lacks’ cells were unlike any of the others he had ever seen：where other cells would die，Mrs Lacks’ cells doubled every 20 to 24 hours. Today，these incredible cells，named “HeLa” cells，are used for 7. (study) the effects of drugs and viruses 8. the growth of cancer cells without experimenting on humans.Scientists use “HeLa” cells to test the effects of radiation(辐射)，to study the human genome，and to learn more about how viruses work.These cells also played 9._________ important role in the 10. (develop) of the polio vaccine(小儿麻痹症疫苗)． 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海拉细胞被广泛应用于医学研究，造福全人类。 1．答案　careful 解析　考查形容词。空处修饰名词examination，应用形容词作定语。故填careful。 2．答案　collected 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词，collect与被修饰词her cancer cells之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填collected。 3．答案　who/that 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词patients，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导。故填who/that。 4．答案　their 解析　考查代词。修饰名词race or socioeconomic position，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 5．答案　rapidly 解析　考查副词。空处修饰动词died，应用副词形式，作状语。故填rapidly。 6．答案　was 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知，句子描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，且主语为what引导的主语从句，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填was。 7．答案　studying 解析　考查非谓语动词。空处位于介词for之后，应用动名词形式，作宾语。故填studying。 8．答案　on/upon 解析　考查介词。the effects on/upon sth为固定搭配，意为“对某物的影响”，所以空处应用介词on/upon。故填on/upon。 9．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。play an important role in为固定搭配，意为“在……中起重要作用”，important发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 10．答案　development 解析　考查名词。由the和of可知，应用名词development，表示“研发”，作介词in的宾语。故填development。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$