Unit 1 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第二册（译林版2020）

人与社会——自我保护 The junzi always thinks about potential disasters in order to guard against them beforehand. —The Book of Changes 君子以思患而豫防之。——《易经》 One of the earliest epidemics❶ on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE. Scientists now estimate❷ that up to 50%of the area’s population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire. Then，in the 1330s，this epidemic returned，this time in Asia. It spread rapidly to Europe and became known as “The Black Death” because one visible symptom❸ was black spots on the body. Centuries later，the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918，also called the Spanish Flu，struck near the end of World War Ⅰ. Families who had only just got through the war now had to bury their loved ones who had died of the disease. As a result of the war，more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the epidemic to spread worldwide. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history. More people died of the flu than died in the war. Initially❹， many people believed that such epidemics no longer posed a threat until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern. The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung disease in Guangdong Province. It spread to Canada，Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003. SARS was examined by scientists，who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes. Infection rates went up steadily❺， and in the course of the outbreak❻， about 8，000 people were infected over nine months. Since the end of the SARS epidemic，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks. Then，from 2013 to 2016，there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa，which resulted in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries. 11，310 deaths were officially recorded，but the actual number of deaths is probably much higher. The virus was extremely infectious❼ and the survival rate was as low as 30%in some areas，indicating❽ that very few people got over it. Despite，or perhaps because of，the epidemics the world has faced in recent years，governments worldwide have underlined❾ the fact that they want thorough and systematic⑩ medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible. Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives.(节选自北师大版新教材选择性必修第三册 Unit 9) 词汇积累 1.epidemic n．流行病，传染病 2．estimate v．估计，估算 3．symptom n．症状 4．initially adv.开始，最初 5．steadily adv.逐渐地，稳步地 6．outbreak n．(战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生 7．infectious adj.感染的，传染性的 8．indicate v．表明，显示 9．underline v．在……下面画线；强调 10．systematic adj.系统化的，有条理的 Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．multiply　　　 A．a thing that is a slightly different form or type of sth else 2．infect B．to make a disease or an illness spread to a person，an animal or a plant 3．transmit C．to reproduce in large numbers 4．contaminate D．to make a substance or place dirty or no longer pure 5．variant E．to pass sth from one person to another 答案　1.C　2.B　3.E　4.D　5.A Ⅱ.选词填空 1．The project was completed in record time,30 days ahead of schedule. 2．The world is urged to pull together to avoid a slide into complete chaos. 3．Watching the old couple walking along the beach arm in arm gives me a sense of happiness. 4．Let them do their worst—we’ll fight them every inch of the way. 5．They had been working round the clock for a couple of days hoping to get the design out before their competitors did. 6．Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury. 1．What will happen to a person infected with Covid-19? A．He will suffer a loss of memory. B．His body temperature will become extremely low. C．His immune system will break down. D．He will become tired easily. 答案　D 2．Which word can replace the underlined word in the sentence “Research shows that there are certain settings that allow the virus to spread more easily.” in paragraph 3? A．Conditions. B．Methods. C．Symptoms. D．Regulations. 答案　A 3．Which of the following measures can NOT help control the spread of infectious diseases? A．Wearing a face mask. B．Cleaning hands with soap and water thoroughly. C．Drinking more cold water than usual. D．Receiving vaccines. 答案　C 4．What is the author’s attitude towards our fight against infectious diseases? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Indifferent. D．Unsatisfied. 答案　A 5．What can we infer from the passage? A．All people show symptoms when they are infected with Covid­19. B．A single country can not prevent the infectious diseases from spreading successfully. C．The coronavirus has been the same since the early 2020. D．No infectious diseases vaccine has been produced so far. 答案　B A new strain of coronavirus 1.appeared(appear) without warning,2.attacking(attack) millions of people all over the world.It is a highly infectious disease that can 3.be_transmitted(transmit) easily and swiftly from person 4.to person.What is worse，some infected people show no symptoms，so they have no idea 5.that they are carriers and spreaders of the virus.6.Although/Though infectious diseases are frightening，there are also preventive 7.measures(measure) that everyone can take to help control the spread of them.For example，maintaining personal hygiene is essential.Cleaning your hands with soap and water thoroughly is necessary 8.to_protect(protect) yourself.Receiving vaccines is also essential.In 9.conclusion(conclude)，infectious diseases have become a global problem.Only by working together can we march confidently into a better and 10.more_secure(secure) future. infect vt.传染，使感染；影响(infected adj.带菌的；感染病菌的 infectious adj.感染的，传染性的；有感染力的；患传染病的 infection n．传染病；感染；传染) be infected by 受到……感染；受到……影响 be infected with 感染上……，传染上…… (1)Do remember that good hygiene helps to minimize the risk of infection(infect)． (2)Without doubt taking physical exercise regularly is an effective way to avoid being infected with/by the flu. variant n．变种，变体，变形(various adj.各种各样的，各种不同的 variety n．多样性，种类；变化 vary v．变化；改变；不同) ·vary in在……方面不同/有差异 vary from...to...由……到……不等 ·a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的 (1)In our daily life，we will come across various(vary) barriers，so we should try to break them down. (2)A wide variety(vary) of measures should be taken to protect the wild animals，animals close to extinction in particular. (3)We are amazed to be told that the quagga(白氏斑马) is a strikingly beautiful variant(vary) of the zebra. (4)In our everyday life opinions vary from person to person，especially when a class activity is to be organized. 在我们的日常生活中，观点因人而异，尤其是组织班级活动时。 (5)The Literature Society recommended a variety of/varieties of/various good books，encouraging us to get pleasure out of reading. 文学社推荐了各种各样的好书，鼓励我们从阅读中获得乐趣。 pull together 齐心协力，通力合作 pull down推翻，拆毁 pull in进站停靠；路边停靠 pull through (帮……)康复；(协助……)完成，渡过难关 pull up(车辆)减速并停下 用pull短语的正确形式填空 (1)To her surprise，the cab pulled up and the driver jumped out. (2)Several houses will be pulled down to make way for the new road. (3)As the train pulled in，he made a final inspection of the spotless buffet car. (4)So long as we are alive，we can still pull through and conquer the major natural disaster. (5)We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses. so that 引导目的状语从句 教材原句　We need to support each other so that we can march confidently，arm in arm，into a better and more secure future.我们需要相互支持，以便我们能满怀信心地携手迈向一个更美好、更安全的未来。(教材P3) ·so that引导目的状语从句，意为“为了；目的是……”，相当于in order that，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词，从句之前不用逗号。 ·so that还可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此；所以”，从句中一般不用情态动词，从句前常有逗号。 (1)I spend more time learning English every day so that/in order that I can make greater progress this year. 为了我今年能取得更大进步，我每天花费更多的时间学英语。 (2)She had not planned her time well，so that she did not finish her homework on time. 她没把时间计划好，所以没按时完成家庭作业。 Ⅰ.一词多义 multiply A.大大增加，倍增　B.乘，乘以　C.增殖，繁殖 1．Multiply this number by 6 to get your heart rate per minute. B 2．Since then，arguments for and against homework have continued to multiply. A 3．Thus，fever would make it more difficult for an infecting bacterium to acquire iron and thus to multiply. C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．Dina lit a cigarette，trying to mask her nervousness.掩盖；掩饰 2．They were accused of contaminating the minds of our young people.毒害 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·连云港高三期中调研) Why We Swim By Bonnie Tsui.2020.Algonquin，$26.95. Tsui examines “the universal experience in water，” whether it’s in an ocean，lake，or swimming pool.Yes，there are chapters devoted to the extreme side of the sport，but the focus is on ordinary folk and the positive impact swimming can have on their lives. Two Wheels Good：The History and Mystery of the Bicycle By Jody Rosen.2022.Crown，$28.99. Rosen offers an interesting and somewhat unconventional exploration of bicycles from the Victorian era to the present.This wildly eclectic(不拘一格的) abundance offers a love letter to bicycling and is sure to be appreciated by fans of all ages. Harvard Medical School Guide to Tai Chi By Peter M．Wayne and Mark L．Fuerst.2013.Shambhala，$15.95. Tai chi offers a wealth of mental and physical rewards，including greater flexibility，increased coordination(协调)，better breathing，and more efficient gesture—all essential to enjoying sports for life.Wayne and Fuerst instruct how to get started. Walking：One Step at a Time By Erling Kagge.2019.Pantheon，$19.95. Kagge was the first person to walk to the South Pole alone，but this book isn’t about tough and dangerous journeys; rather，it’s a guide to walking for pleasure.Writing in a wandering style，Kagge displays that walking is the essential sport for life，offering the opportunity to combine movement with reflection. 1．Whose book covers the topic of history? A．Bonnie Tsui’s. B．Jody Rosen’s. C．Peter M．Wayne’s. D．Erling Kagge’s. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Two Wheels Good：The History and Mystery of the Bicycle部分书名中的“History”以及“Rosen offers an interesting and somewhat unconventional exploration of bicycles from the Victorian era to the present.”可知，Jody Rosen的这本书中涉及历史知识。故选B。 2．What do Harvard Medical School Guide to Tai Chi and Walking：One Step at a Time have in common? A．Both are about journeys. B．Both tell stories. C．Both are about traditions. D．Both provide guidance. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三则广告中最后一句“Wayne and Fuerst instruct how to get started.”和第四则广告中的“...this book isn’t about tough and dangerous journeys; rather，it’s a guide to walking for pleasure.”可知，这两本书都为相关运动项目提供了指导。故选D。 3．Who are the target readers of the text? A．Sports fans. B．Book publishers. C．Tour guides. D．Travel enthusiasts. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。通读这四则广告可以看出，这四本书都是关于运动的，所以本文的目标读者是运动爱好者。故选A。 B Kids are three times more likely to choose to be Internet celebrities(名人) than astronauts，a survey found recently.Many are already on their way—more and more children are now making and sharing videos on social media. Meanwhile，education experts worry that going after Internet fame won’t be good for children in the long run.Their biggest concern is that kids don’t know how being on the Internet today might affect them in the future.The parts of the brain that people use to make decisions don’t fully mature until around age 25，so children cannot imagine how their future might be affected by what they share now. What’s worse，some parents，who are crazy about becoming famous on their own，can’t watch out for the best interests of their own children.A young mother，Michelle Hobson，was accused of starving and kicking her children when they didn’t do what she wished for in the videos.She was charged with child abuse and ordered to distance herself from kids. Keeping famous on the Internet takes much time and patience，too.It can distract students away from homework，sports and other activities.For example，one of the superstars,14-year-old Emma Garza，dropped out of school to become a Vlogger (video blogger)．She said that making videos was so tough that she couldn’t make time for study and even suffered back pain and weakening eyesight. Although we don’t yet know the effects on a child’s development by constantly performing to entertain others，we can easily imagine that the effort to attract viewers will be less helpful to a kid，compared with spending that time reading a book.For a kid today，becoming an Internet superstar might not only be more popular than being an astronaut.It might also be more dangerous. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了当今青少年沉迷于网络视频、梦想当网红博主的现象，并对可能造成的影响和结果进行了分析。 4．What problem is discussed in paragraph 1? A．Internet affects kids’ growth. B．Young kids seek Internet fame. C．Social media mislead children. D．Children watch too many videos. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...more and more children are now making and sharing videos on social media.”和第二段第一句可知，最近越来越多的孩子沉迷于网络视频，追求网络名气。故选B。 5．What is the major concern of education experts about children? A．Security. B．Family. C．Study. D．Future. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Their biggest concern is that kids don’t know how being on the Internet today might affect them in the future.”可知，专家最大的担忧是孩子们的未来。故选D。 6．Why is Emma Garza mentioned in the passage? A．To highlight her success. B．To introduce a new career. C．To show the impact on students. D．To encourage kids to be Vloggers. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句可知，Emma Garza是网红、视频博主，但是制作视频使她没有时间学习，甚至损伤了身体，她只能辍学。从而推断她的例子表明沉迷网络视频对学生的影响。故选C。 7．What does the author think of children’s being an Internet celebrity? A．Exciting. B．Doubtful. C．Beneficial. D．Negative. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。本文从三方面阐述了沉迷网络视频对青少年的不良影响，而且从最后一段可推断，作者对于青少年沉迷网络视频的现象持反对态度。故选D。 C Health chiefs are to use artificial intelligence to screen and treat people at risk of hepatitis C(丙型肝炎) under plans to wipe out the life-threatening disease by 2030. The National Health Service(NHS) scheme，due to start within weeks in England，aims to identify thousands of patients unaware that they have the virus so that treatment can be given before it is too late.Staff will use AI to comb through patient health records and look for significant risk factors，such as historical blood transfusions(输血) or an HIV diagnosis.Hepatitis C often has no noticeable symptoms until the liver is severely damaged，which means the infected party may not know they are living with a potential killer.It can be cured with modern treatments. Anyone identified by the AI software will be invited for a consultation by their doctors and，if necessary，will experience further screening for hepatitis C．Patients who test positive for the virus—which can be caught from contact with the blood of an infected person，such as by sharing a needle—will be offered antiviral medicines after NHS England struck a deal with three drug companies.Professor Graham Foster，the national clinical chairman for NHS England’s hepatitis C elimination(消灭) programmes，described the scheme as “a significant step forward” in the fight to eliminate the virus. Hepatitis C deaths fell by 35 percent in the five years to 2020，from 482 to 314，according to the latest data from the UK Health Security Agency.The fall in deaths was thanks to earlier detection of the virus and improved access to treatments，health experts said. NHS staff will also visit at-risk communities in specially equipped vans(货车)，to test for the virus and carry out liver health checks，in a bid to wipe out the virus in England before the 2030 goal set by the World Health Organization. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了英国国民医疗服务计划通过用人工智能筛查出患有丙型肝炎的“隐形”患者，为他们提供及时的治疗，以期待在2030年消灭这一病毒。 8．What is the purpose of the NHS scheme? A．To make the most of artificial intelligence. B．To record the blood transfusions in the history. C．To diagnose the patients with serious unnoticeable symptoms. D．To pick out the potential patients to provide timely treatments. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，国民医疗服务计划的目的是识别已感染该病毒却不自知的患者，以便给予他们及早的治疗。也就是挑选出潜在患者以提供及时治疗。故选D。 9．What can we infer from paragraph 3? A．NHS scheme can be helpful in removing the hepatitis C virus. B．Hepatitis C can be spread through contact with blood of patients. C．All the patients have to be re-examined again for the hepatitis C. D．Related consulting service will be arranged by the doctor for free. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Patients who test positive for the virus—which can be caught from contact with the blood of an infected person...”可知，这种病毒可以通过与感染者的血液接触而感染。由此推知，丙型肝炎可通过与患者血液接触传播。故选B。 10．Why did hepatitis C deaths decline in the 5 years to 2020? A．Because the related figure was updated on time. B．Because the liver healthy check-ups were scheduled. C．Because the virus was discovered earlier and better treatments were available. D．Because the virus was tested in advance and communities were well-equipped. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，病毒的早期发现和治疗途径的改善使得死亡人数下降。故选C。 11．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Hepatitis C is a life-threatening disease. B．Hepatitis C deaths in the UK have declined. C．NHS scheme helps to kill the hepatitis C virus. D．AI is a new weapon against deadly hepatitis C. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。通读文章内容可知，文章首段提出了核心话题“卫生官员用人工智能筛查和治疗有丙型肝炎的人并计划消灭这种疾病”，且在后文讲述了其取得的成效以及对此项目的期许。由此可知，选项C(国民医疗服务计划有助于消灭丙型肝炎病毒)贴合主题。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 Online debates，conducted on virtual platforms on the Internet，have somehow taken over in being beneficial，as compared to real life debates，for many reasons.For example，they favor more in-depth analysis—This one is especially for the main participants in the debate.They put forward their views from a place where they’re comfortably seated. 1 That is why online debaters can comprehend and think their competitors’ arguments while they write down their own points of view. 2 You don’t need to find a place or arrange for the audience to be seated.The experts and opinion formers don’t need to take an entire day out from their busy schedules to come to the venue and speak. 3 Online debates leave a lasting impression.The debates and the comments on them are archived(存档) by the debate website and anyone who wants to get back to the discussion can do so at any time. 4 This is because it can all be seen again on the website，including every word，every argument. Also，if there are some developments on the issue，then a comment on the issue will tell all the participants to get back to the debate. 5 It’s like keeping the doors open to people who want to learn more and share. A．Online debates are much quicker to organize. B．The ability to comment allows people to share their views. C．There is no chance of a point discussed slipping from the mind. D．In other words，the good topics for a debate will never be out of date. E．On an online debating platform，a citizen shares the space with leading thinkers. F．Besides，they have time and means to explore further before sharing their thoughts. G．All that’s needed is a topic and experts who can take out time to write some words on the topic. 1．答案　F 解析　空前“For example，they favor more in-depth analysis—This one is especially for the main participants in the debate.They put forward their views from a place where they’re comfortably seated.”举例说明在线辩论的优势；F项中的Besides表示递进，与上文是递进关系，进一步列举在线辩论的优势。故选F。 2．答案　A 解析　空处为段落主旨句。根据空后内容可知，本段介绍在线辩论更容易组织，不需要找辩论的场所或者安排观众就座等流程，组织起来更快。A选项(在线辩论组织起来要快得多)最适合作本段的主旨句。故选A。 3．答案　G 解析　根据空前“The experts and opinion formers don’t need to take an entire day out from their busy schedules to come to the venue and speak.”可知，在线辩论不需要专家和舆论引导人拿出一整天的时间参加。G选项(一切所需要的只是一个话题和能抽出时间就这个话题写一些评论的专家)符合语境。故选G。 4．答案　C 解析　空前“The debates and the comments on them are archived(存档) by the debate website and anyone who wants to get back to the discussion can do so at any time.”介绍了在线辩论内容可存档，可随时回到辩论中；由空后的“This is because”可知，下文解释了空处的原因，可以在网站上再次观看，结合上文在线辩论的内容可以存档可推断，C选项(讨论过的观点是不可能忘记的)符合语境。故选C。 5．答案　D 解析　空前“Also，if there are some developments on the issue，then a comment on the issue will tell all the participants to get back to the debate.”说明如果辩论有了新的发展，参与者可以随时回到辩论中，D选项(换句话说，适合辩论的好话题永远不会过时)符合语境，对上文进行解释说明，说明在线辩论的话题不会过时，因为随时都可以重新回到话题中。In other words是关键词。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$