Unit 1 Period 3 Grammar and usage—Nonrestrictive relative clauses-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

Period 3　Grammar and usage—Non-restrictive relative clauses 请认真阅读下列句子，感悟体会黑体部分，并完成方框下的小题。 1．Xie Lei，who is 21 years old，has come to our university to study for a business qualification. 2．Living with host families，in which there may be other college students，gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture. 3．She is halfway through the preparation year，which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course. [自主发现] 以上例句中的黑体部分均为非限制性定语从句，其标志为从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。位置可以置于主句之中，也可以置于主句之后。 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整。 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整。 结构要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号。 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开。 功能 修饰先行词。 修饰先行词或整个主句。 引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词。 关系代词that及关系副词why除外。 省略情况 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 所有关系词均不可省略。 译法 翻译成先行词的定语，“……的”。 通常翻译成主句的并列句。 We visited the school where we studied two years ago. 我们参观了我们两年前就读的那所学校。(限制性定语从句，起限定作用) The house，which we bought last year，lies in the centre of the city. 那套房子位于市中心，是我们去年买的。(非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子) The house which/that we bought last year lies in the centre of the city. 我们去年买的那套房子位于市中心。(限制性定语从句，暗含“可能有若干套房子”之意) 二、使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题 1．非限制性定语从句不用that引导。 I am fond of the novel，which you bought for me. 我喜欢那本小说，就是你给我买的那本。 2．非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。 The reason，for which he couldn’t reduce his consumption，wasn’t given. 他为何不能降低消费，他没有给出任何理由。 3．非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 He often comes to school late，which makes his teacher angry.(先行词为主句的内容) 他经常上学迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。 三、as，which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 as which 指代 引导从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句之前，之中或之后 引导从句不能置于主句之前 意义 正如 这，那 功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句 As we all know，the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 The singer，as was expected，achieved a great success. 正如所期盼的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大成功。 Catherine will attend a friend’s wedding，which she is busy preparing for now. 凯瑟琳将参加一个朋友的婚礼，现在她正在为此做准备。 [点津]　as常用在一些固定结构中： as is said above 如上所述 as is known to all 众所周知 as has been said before 如之前所说 as is often the case 情况常常如此 as is already mentioned above 正如上边所提到的那样 as you can see 正如你看到的那样 用适当的关系词完成短文 The very film 1.that is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story 2.as is popular with the public,3.whose hero and heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose was a young beautiful woman,4.who went to America with her mother.Jack，who won a ship ticket by playing cards，was a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 5.where they had a happy time.Sadly，the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg，and Jack lost his life for saving Rose (everyone will be moved by the selfless way in 6.which most people can’t behave in real life)．Before Jack left Rose forever，he encouraged Rose to live well for him.7.As is known to all，love is the strongest strength.And that’s the reason 8.why Rose could live on and tell us the moving story. Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空 1．The old lady has two daughters，one of whom is working abroad. 2．This is one of the reasons why you have to give it up. 3．We walked down the village street，where people were having a market day. 4．The glasses，without which he was like a blind man，are broken. 5．The living standard of the people in China，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past decades. 6．Mo Yan，most of whose novels have been adapted for films，is now a world-famous writer. 7．You will have to wait for one more week，when the manager will be back from his trip. 8．The owner paid the worker for cleaning the whole building，most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least one month. 9．I shall never forget those years when I lived in the valley with the farmers，which has a great effect on my life. 10．I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day，as do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. Ⅱ.句型转换 1．He visited the Great Wall again.He went there two years ago. →He visited the Great Wall again，where he went two years ago. 2．He failed in the examination.It made him a bit discouraged. →He failed in the examination，which made him a bit discouraged. 3．He must be from Africa.It can be seen from his skin. →He must be from Africa，which/as can be seen from his skin. 4．He has organized a team of workers.All of them are hard-working. →He has organized a team of workers，all of whom are hard-working. 5．He is a man of great experience.Much can be learned from him. →He is a man of great experience，from whom much can be learned. Ⅲ.阅读理解 (2023·江苏南通高二期末) The increase in primate(灵长类动物) ecotourism is causing stress-related behaviors in monkeys，according to a new study. The study，led by the University of Portsmouth，looked at the effect of a single engine motorboat approaching a community of proboscis monkeys.Those monkeys are unusual with their very long noses，which makes them appealing to tourists.And many of the boats carrying the tourists approach the primates quickly and loudly，often reaching the river banks just a few meters away from the wildlife. The researchers conducted the experiment by approaching the monkeys in a motorboat with different speeds and travel distances—fast-close (approaching the monkeys for 10 seconds when 40 meters away at a speed of 14.4 km/hr)，slow-close (approaching the monkeys for 40 seconds when 40 meters away at a speed of 3.6 km/hr)，and slow-far conditions (approaching the monkeys for 20 seconds when 100 meters away，at a speed of 3.6 km/hr)． The results showed that the monkeys displayed stress-related behaviors for longer in the fast-close and slow-close conditions and also reduced feeding as a result of the boat approaching in the fast-close condition.Once the boat started to approach，the proboscis monkeys showed repeated scratching(挠) and often moved quickly backwards to hide in the trees.This could potentially cause the monkeys to leave their safe sleeping sites and to go deep into the forest as it gets dark，where they could face a higher risk of predation(捕食)． “Collectively，our findings suggest that the approach of a single motorboat led to stress in proboscis monkeys when they were approached as closely as 60 meters from the other side of the river，regardless of the speed of approach，” said Dr Marina Davila Ross，lead author of the study. The researchers thus propose that guidelines for primate tourism in the riverside areas should include an approach speed of no more than 4 km/hr within 100 meters of the proboscis monkeys.They suggest it is also important to keep a distance，preferably no closer than 60 meters away，from the monkeys. “Such information might be helpful for tourists，allowing them to change their behaviors when visiting the primates and when encouraging guides to follow the guidelines，” Dr Davila Ross added. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于灵长类动物生态旅游引起猴子压力行为的研究，说明生态旅游对灵长类动物的行为有负面影响。 1．What’s the possible reason for choosing proboscis monkeys as the study subjects? A．They are very attractive to tourists. B．They generally do no harm to humans. C．They are put on the line by the motorboats. D．They frighten tourists away with their noses. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，该研究的课题是灵长类动物生态旅游对猴子的影响，再结合第二段中“Those monkeys are unusual with their very long noses，which makes them appealing to tourists.”可知，长鼻猴对游客很有吸引力，是游客的主要参观对象，所以把长鼻猴作为研究对象。故选A。 2．What did the researchers’ experiment show about proboscis monkeys? A．They found the slow-close condition most stressful. B．They tended to go hunting when faced with danger. C．They lost their sense of safety at the sound of motorboats. D．They lost their way very easily at the sight of motorboats. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Once the boat started to approach，the proboscis monkeys showed repeated scratching(挠) and often moved quickly backwards to hide in the trees.”可知，一旦摩托艇开始靠近，长鼻猴就会有反应，说明它们失去了安全感，而摩托艇开动就意味着会发出声音。故选C。 3．What do the researchers advise tourists to do? A．To approach proboscis monkeys less frequently. B．To avoid getting too close to proboscis monkeys. C．To ask guides for more information about proboscis monkeys. D．To behave themselves while trying to feed proboscis monkeys. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段中“They suggest it is also important to keep a distance，preferably no closer than 60 meters away，from the monkeys.”可知，研究人员建议游客与长鼻猴保持距离，避免太接近它们。故选B。 4．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Ecotourism has led to a better understanding of primates. B．Ecotourism makes it possible to get close to the primates. C．Ecotourism is contributing to the conservation of primates. D．Ecotourism is having a negative effect on primate behavior. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段内容可知，文章介绍了灵长类动物生态旅游引起猴子压力行为的相关研究，所以“生态旅游正在对灵长类动物的行为产生负面影响”是文章主要想要告诉读者的内容。故选D。 Ⅳ.完形填空 10-year-old Sasha Olsen went on a trip in the summer of 2021 with her family to Vietnam and Japan.She was shocked at the ocean’s pollution levels and dying sea animals. “We went on this trip and I was so 1 ，” said Sasha.“But when I saw the way the oceans had become，I got upset.I wanted to know why things were this way but couldn’t find an 2 .” When she returned home to Bal Harbour，Florida，she grew even more 3 .She learned some of the 4 in South Florida had been closed by the health department because the 5 had too much bacteria(细菌) in it. Sasha sought the 6 of her cousin，Narmina Aliyev.Together，they 7 a nonprofit organization—Iwantmyoceanback. 8 the group started small，with friends joining together on weekends to 9 the beaches in Bal Harbour.Recently，however，she has 10 events to raise funds for beach cleanups and to 11 to protection groups. “It’s 12 to bring awareness not just through doing cleanups and meetings，but to show people they can come together through their hobbies and 13 together to a common goal，” said Sasha. Sasha hopes to 14 their work to neighboring cities.“We really want to make ourselves visible and 15 to all，” said Sasha.“After all，in Miami the ocean is everyone’s backyard.This is the best place to start.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，介绍的是小女孩Sasha Olsen在一次旅行经历中注意到海洋污染问题，于是与表姐共同建立了一个非营利组织清理海滩，并组织活动提高人们的环保意识。 1．A.tired B．depressed C．excited D．disappointed 答案　C 解析　根据下文“But when I saw the way the oceans had become，I got upset.”中的But可知，此空与upset相反，故应为“兴奋的”。故选C。 2．A.answer B．approach C．opportunity D．opinion 答案　A 解析　根据上文“I wanted to know why things were this way”中的why可知，此处应该是找不到这个问题的“答案”。故选A。 3．A.absorbed B．upset C．embarrassed D．confused 答案　B 解析　根据上文中的“But when I saw the way the oceans had become，I got upset.”和下文以及空前的“even more”可知，此处指的是更加“沮丧”。故选B。 4．A.organizations B．oceans C．animals D．beaches 答案　D 解析　根据下文中的“with friends joining together on weekends to the beaches in Bal Harbour”可知，此处指的是一些“沙滩”被关闭了。故选D。 5．A.trip B．city C．water D．people 答案　C 解析　根据前文的“ocean’s pollution levels”和下文“had too much bacteria(细菌) in it”可知，此处指的是“水”中有太多细菌。故选C。 6．A.help B．suggestion C．praise D．comfort 答案　A 解析　结合语境和句意可知，此处指的是Sasha寻求她的表姐的“帮助”。故选A。 7．A.picked up B．took up C．set up D．got up 答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“a nonprofit organization—Iwantmyoceanback”可知，此处指的是“成立”一个非营利性组织。故选C。 8．A.Fortunately B．Originally C．Consequently D．Temporarily 答案　B 解析　根据下文“the group started small”可推断，“起初”该组织规模比较小。故选B。 9．A.research B．pick C．explore D．clean 答案　D 解析　根据下文中的“not just through doing cleanups”可知，这个组织在周末会去“清理”沙滩。故选D。 10．A.held B．bought C．recorded D．witnessed 答案　A 解析　根据下文“events to raise funds”可知，活动与“举办”搭配，举办活动来筹集资金。故选A。 11．A.refer B．turn C．donate D．lead 答案　C 解析　根据上文中的“to raise funds for beach cleanups”可知，此处与举办活动为海洋清理筹集资金相照应，指给保护组织捐款。故选C。 12．A.foolish B．important C．potential D．appealing 答案　B 解析　根据下文中的“to bring awareness”以及语境可知，提高人们的意识是很“重要的”。故选B。 13．A.learn B．make C．play D．work 答案　D 解析　根据上文中的“they can come together through their hobbies”以及下文中的“to a common goal”可知，此处指的是人们为了共同的目标一起努力。故选D。 14．A.extend B．observe C．convey D．announce 答案　A 解析　根据下文中的“to neighboring cities”可知，此处表示将此工作“拓展”到邻近城市。故选A。 15．A.intelligent B．individual C．interesting D．influential 答案　D 解析　结合语境可知，将这些工作拓展到邻近的城市，就是为了扩大该组织的“影响力”。故选D。 Ⅴ.语法填空 Henry Bond was about ten years old when his father died.His mother found it difficult to support a large family，but still everything 1. (leave) in her care.By good management，she managed 2. (send) Henry to school and supply him，for the most part，with books he needed. At one time，however，Henry wanted a grammar book，and his mother couldn’t afford it.He sorrowed 3. not getting the book，and went to bed with a heavy heart.On 4. (wake) in the morning，he found that a deep snow had fallen，and the cold wind was blowing 5. (fierce)．Then an idea struck him. He rose and ran to the house of 6. neighbor，offering his service to clear a path around his house.The offer was accepted.7. (complete) this work and received his pay，he went to another place for the same purpose，and then to another,8. he earned enough to buy a grammar book. When school began，Henry was ready to begin the lesson in his new book.From that time，Henry was always the first in all his 9. (class)．He knew no such word as “fail”，and always 10. (succeed) in all he had tried.Having the will，he always found the way. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了家境贫寒的Henry Bond通过自己的劳动赚钱买语法书来继续自己学业的故事。 1．答案　was left 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；主语everything是不定代词，与leave之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，be动词用was。故填was left。 2．答案　to send 解析　考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth为固定搭配，意为“努力完成某事，成功做某事”。故填to send。 3．答案　at/for/over 解析　考查介词。此处为固定短语sorrow at/for/over sth “对某事感到悲伤”。故填at/for/over。 4．答案　waking 解析　考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词on可判断此处应用动名词形式。故填waking。 5．答案　fiercely 解析　考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词was blowing。故填fiercely。 6．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。文中第一次提到neighbor，此处表示泛指，且因neighbor的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。 7．答案　Having completed 解析　考查非谓语动词。he与complete之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且complete的动作发生在went之前，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。句首字母要大写。故填Having completed。 8．答案　until 解析　考查状语从句。until意为“直到……”，在句中引导时间状语从句。故填until。 9．答案　classes 解析　考查名词的复数。class在此表示“班级”，是可数名词，根据句中的all可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填classes。 10．答案　succeeded 解析　考查动词的时态。and连接两个并列的谓语动词knew和succeed，根据knew的时态可知，succeed也应用一般过去时。故填succeeded。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$