Unit 1 Period 4 Using language(1)：Grammar—Subject clauses-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（外研版2019）

Period 4　Using language(1)：Grammar—Subject clauses 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并回答后面的小题 It is a well-known fact ①that the faces some people show to the world might be completely different to their real personalities.For instance，most comedians have permanent smiles on their faces and always sound cheerful because that’s the nature of their work.From this，it’s impossible to know what their true feelings are.Although they might be laughing on the outside，they might be crying on the inside.②How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about，because it’s not always obvious ③who is truly happy.④What is certain is that comedians often use comedy to help them understand themselves and the world.In fact，comedy is a very serious job indeed. [自主发现] 以上黑体部分均为主语从句，在整个句子中充当主语，一般放在句首，如②和④；也可以用形式主语it代替，而将从句后置，如①和③。 一、主语从句的概述 在句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。主语从句可直接放在句首，也可用形式主语it代替，而将主语从句后置。 That he had overlooked an important detail really made her very angry. ＝It really made her very angry that he had overlooked an important detail. 他忽视了一个重要的细节，这让她很生气。 二、引导主语从句的连接词 Conjunctions(连接词) Functions(成分) in the clause 从属连词 that，whether 不充当成分 连接代词 what，who，which，whose，wh-ever 主语、宾语、表语、定语 连接副词 when，where，why，how 状语 (1)从属连词：that，whether ①that引导主语从句时只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义。但是，that不能省略。 That he is kind to that skinny child is clear to us.我们都知道他对那个瘦瘦的孩子是友好的。 ②whether在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。注意：if不可引导位于句首的主语从句，但可以用于it作形式主语的从句中，此时if＝whether，但此时if不能与or not直接连用。 Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. 此事对我们有害还是有利还有待观察。 It depends on how hard he works whether/if one can succeed. 一个人能否成功取决于他工作努力的程度。 (2)连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 等 连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，起连接作用，有实际意义。 What is bothering that girl isn’t known to us. 我们不知道什么正困扰着那个女孩。 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well. 凡是值得做的事都值得好好地做。 Which of all those ways is the best is uncertain. 所有那些方法中哪一个最好还不确定。 Whom we should serve is a question of vital importance. 我们应当为谁服务是一个极为重要的问题。 Whose carelessness spoilt the work must be made clear. 必须查清是谁的粗心破坏了工作。 Who will teach us to enlarge our vocabulary is still open to question. 谁会教我们扩大词汇量还有待讨论。 (3)连接副词：when，where，how，why 连接副词在从句中常作状语，分别表示时间、地点、方式和原因，起连接作用并且有实际意义。 When and where the meeting will take place has not been decided yet. 开会的时间和地点还未决定。 Why he is so obsessive about his appearance is still a puzzle. 他为何如此迷恋自己的外表仍然是个谜。 How he earned his living before is not clear to me.我不清楚他以前是如何谋生的。 三、it作形式主语的主语从句 (1)It is/was＋形容词＋主语从句 It is quite clear that he won’t acknowledge his mistake.十分明显，他不会承认自己的错误。 It was clear enough what she meant. 她的意思已经够清楚了。 It is uncertain why he denied the charge. 不确定他为什么否认了指控。 [温馨提示]　在“It is＋形容词＋that从句”句型中，如果形容词表示惊讶或强调重要性，that从句的谓语可用“(should＋)动词原形”。 It is necessary that a scientist (should) know foreign languages. 科学家有必要懂外语。 (2)It is/was＋名词＋主语从句 (用于此句型的常见名词有：a pity，a shame，a wonder，no wonder，a fact，a question，a surprise，an honor，common knowledge等。) It is a good thing that you try to get on well with your roommates. 你努力和室友相处得很好是一件好事。 It is a complete mystery what caused the accident.是什么引起了这场事故完全是一个谜。 It’s not my business how she chooses to live. 她选择什么样的生活不关我的事。 (3)It is/was＋过去分词＋主语从句 It is said that he misjudged the distance that day.据说，那天他误判了距离。 It is not yet known whether they will send a delegation to the conference，but we hope they will.还不了解他们是否会派代表团来参加会议，但是我们希望他们派团来。 It is acknowledged that he is one of the most distinguished contemporary novelists. 众所周知，他是当代最杰出的小说家之一。 [温馨提示]　在“It is/was＋过去分词＋主语从句”句型中，如果此处的动词表示命令、要求或建议，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即(should) do形式，如：It’s desired/suggested/required/ demanded that sb (should) do sth. It is desired that remote control (should) be introduced in this system. 有人想要把遥控装置引进该系统。 (4)It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 (用于此句型的常见不及物动词有：occur，seem，appear，happen，matter等。) It happened that I found two identical balls that day. 碰巧那天我找到了两个完全相同的球。 It doesn’t matter what she looks like. 她的外表怎么样并不重要。 四、使用主语从句时的注意事项 (1)从句要用陈述语序 How we will repair the old dormitory should be discussed. 我们应该讨论一下怎样修那座旧宿舍楼。 (2)主谓一致 ①从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 Where he will get a job after graduation has bothered him much. 毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很苦恼。 [温馨提示]　what引导主语从句时，有时主句的谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 What the school needs most are books. 这所学校最需要的是书。 ②如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 When and where the movie will be shown is not clear. 这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。 阅读下面短文，分析并完成文中的主语从句 How to improve your English? Here is some advice. First of all，it is important 1.that you should pay attention to learning English.However busy you are each day，you’d better set aside some time to learn English.2.What you should remember first is to enlarge your vocabulary.Reading English words aloud again and again will be good for you.3.It is natural that you often forget some words.Don’t worry! Repeat them again till you are familiar with them.Secondly，4.that you should see some English films is also very necessary，which will put you into an English-speaking atmosphere.Last but not least，it is a nice thing 5.that you try to communicate with your roommates in English in your spare time. Ⅰ.写出下列黑体单词在句中充当的语法成分 1．Which team will win the match is still unknown.定语 2．When the delayed flight will take off depends on the weather.状语 3．It was not clear whether he saw me or not the other day.不充当句子成分，只起连接作用 4．What I want to tell you is that your makeover does make an impression on me.宾语 5．According to the rule，whoever solves the maths problem will be rewarded with a prize.主语 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer. 2．Whoever/Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 3．When and where they had the party was(be) unknown. 4．It is important that you should ask your parents for advice about your choice. 5．It is not a problem whether/if we can win the battle；it’s just a matter of time. 6．Why John was late for class has been unexplained，making his teacher annoyed. 7．It was hard to imagine what was bothering that poor boy at that time. 8．Whether she would be a nice roommate depends(depend) on her partner. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．It’s suggested that we (should) do something to boost his confidence. 有人建议我们应该做些事情来增强他的信心。 2．What we are doing today was not possible in the old days. 我们今天所做的事在过去是不可能的。 3．It is uncertain whether he will acknowledge the fact or not. 他是否会承认那个事实还不确定。 4．Whoever takes an interest in the paper can ask for a copy. 任何对这篇论文感兴趣的人都可以要一份复印件。 5．That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. 理论必须联系实际是我们应该时刻记住的原则。 Ⅳ.阅读理解 There are 7 billion people in this world，with 7 billion different opinions about outer beauty.What you may find physically attractive can be an absolute eyesore to someone else and vice versa.And this is truly magical because it implies that regardless of a person’s physical features，there is always going to be someone out there who finds them appealing. Nowadays there are many ways you can manipulate the way you look.Plastic surgery(整形) and other cosmetic procedures are becoming more and more accessible and affordable.This is absolutely incredible for people who really need body changes to improve their mental health. Sadly，with social media being a massive part of our lives，far too many people are struggling with self-image issues not because there is something wrong with them，but because they are convinced they need to look a certain way to be accepted by society.So they delve into(钻研) the world of plastic surgery and they slowly lose their identities in order to fit in. In reality，what we should be encouraging is not altering our bodies，but remodeling our mindset.We should become more aware of the way we treat others and ourselves.We should be inspired to learn more languages，so we can dive into different cultures and expand our limits.Instead of spending money on looking like someone else，spend time in becoming the best version of yourself，because outer beauty fades，but the beauty within is timeless. As noted by the book A Conscious Rethink，when asked about what traits(特性) they look for in a potential long-term partner，most people name things that have nothing to do with physical appearance.Some of the features we seek the most are Kindness，Loyalty，Patience，Integrity，A good sense of humor，and A supportive nature. All of these traits can be found in anyone，regardless of the outer beauty they possess.More importantly，these are personality characteristics we seek in those we see as our potential life partners，meaning that we value them more than we value a pretty face. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章揭示了整形手术和其他整容手术受欢迎的原因，并提出外在美会褪色而内在美才是永恒的观点。 1．What does the underlined word “manipulate” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Check. B．Manage. C．Maintain. D．Appreciate. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。第二段中的“Plastic surgery(整形) and other cosmetic procedures are becoming more and more accessible and affordable.”具体列出了整容和整形等管理外貌的方式，所以画线词所在句应总起全段，说明如今有许多“管理”外貌的方式，manage意为“管理”。故选B。 2．Why are many people seeking plastic surgery nowadays according to the text? A．To improve their mental health. B．To indicate their identities. C．To adapt to society. D．To cover their physical disability. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，现在很多人整容是为了能被社会所接受，即适应社会。故选C。 3．What’s one feature of inner beauty according to the author? A．It’s permanent. B．It can be measured. C．It’s a natural-born thing. D．It varies from culture to culture. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Instead of spending money on looking like someone else...but the beauty within is timeless.”可知，作者认为内在美是永恒的。故选A。 4．Which topic does A Conscious Rethink probably cover? A．Adventure. B．Healthcare. C．Entertainment. D．Relationship. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，《有意识的反思》这本书可能讲的是伴侣之间的关系。故选D。 Ⅴ.完形填空 “Are you really going to eat another piece of pizza？” It was at my fourteenth birthday party that I received my first 1 related comment.After that day，comments like this 2 in my head longer than they should have.I was 3 picking flaws(缺点) in my figure in the mirror. I decided that I couldn’t eat like this in order to be 4 .It started out as just a little extra 5 every day，like running，but it quickly turned into 6 meals and working out every night before bed.As I 7 the calories，the comments started to change.Perhaps my 8 comment was “You’re so skinny.” Maybe others didn’t know it，but their comments were 9 my social construction of beauty.However，my condition slowly became worse.My caloric intake was less than that of a child and I no longer had the 10 to do the things I once enjoyed. Everything changed when I got a call from the director at my dance studio.She 11 me that she had wanted to move me to the advanced level， 12 she noticed I was too skinny.I then realized I nearly 13 my role in The Nutcracker.I was determined that I wasn’t going to let society’s idea of beauty be the death of me. I want to get better for real this time.Mirrors and scales(秤) have no 14 of who I am.Social constructions of beauty will always be 15 in the world that I live in but I’ve decided not to let them rule over me. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为别人的评论对自己的身材不满，开始减肥，但因为过度减肥，差点失去了舞蹈角色，这让作者意识到不应该过分在意别人的评论，要做真实的自己。 1．A.habit B．ability C．health D．weight 答案　D 解析　根据上文的“Are you really going to eat another piece of pizza？”可知，对方认为我太胖了，不应该再吃一块比萨了，由此可知，这是一条与体重有关的评论。故选D。 2．A.changed B．stuck C．competed D．recreated 答案　B 解析　根据下文的“I was picking flaws(缺点) in my figure in the mirror.”可知，我不断地在镜子里挑自己身材的缺点，由此可知，这些关于体重的评论一直停留在我的脑海中。stick in one’s head/mind经久不忘。故选B。 3．A.constantly B．immediately C．carefully D．regularly 答案　A 解析　根据上文的“After that day，comments like this in my head longer than they should have.”可知，这些关于体重的评论一直影响着我，由此可知，我开始不自信，不断地在镜子里挑自己身材的缺点。故选A。 4．A.famous B．special C．pretty D．brave 答案　C 解析　根据句中的“I decided that I couldn’t eat like this”可知，我决定不能再像这样无节制地吃东西，由此可知，我少吃东西是为了身材好，为了漂亮。故选C。 5．A.support B．exercise C．reward D．practice 答案　B 解析　根据句中的“like running”可知，我会每天跑步，由此可知，刚开始我会每天做一点额外的运动。故选B。 6．A.ordering B．serving C．quitting D．cooking 答案　C 解析　根据上文“I decided that I couldn’t eat like this in order to be .”可知，为了漂亮，我决定减肥，由此可知，我开始停止吃饭。故选C。 7．A.cut down B．took in C．concentrated on D．engaged in 答案　A 解析　根据下文“You’re so skinny.”可知，大家说我瘦了，由此可知，我减少了卡路里。故选A。 8．A.unexpected B．favorite C．brief D．familiar 答案　B 解析　根据句中“You’re so skinny.”可知，“你太瘦了”是我最喜欢的评论。故选B。 9．A.fueling B．admitting C．improving D．explaining 答案　A 解析　根据上文“After that day，comments like this in my head longer than they should have.”可知，他们的评论一直停留在我的脑海里，我很在意，受到刺激，才决定减肥，由此可知，他们的评论正在刺激我对美的社会建构。故选A。 10．A.time B．mood C．plan D．energy 答案　D 解析　根据句中“My caloric intake was less than that of a child”可知，我的热量摄入不足，由此可知，我没有精力做我曾经喜欢的事情了。故选D。 11．A.informed B．warned C．reminded D．persuaded 答案　A 解析　根据上文“Everything changed when I got a call from the director”可知，她告诉我她想把我提升到高级水平。故选A。 12．A.and B．but C．since D．though 答案　B 解析　根据句中“she had wanted to move me to the advanced level”和“she noticed I was too skinny”可知，上下文为转折关系，她想把我提升到高级水平，但她注意到我太瘦了。故选B。 13．A.played B．forgot C．lost D．picked 答案　C 解析　根据句中“she noticed I was too skinny”可知，她认为我太瘦了，不太适合《胡桃夹子》中的角色，由此可知，我几乎失去了在《胡桃夹子》中的角色。故选C。 14．A.amount B．intention C．sign D．idea 答案　D 解析　根据下文“I’ve decided not to let them rule over me”可知，我决定不让别人对我外表的评论影响我，由此可知，我不再过度减肥，镜子和秤都不知道我是谁，我要做真正的自己，have no idea of...意为“不知道……”。故选D。 15．A.true B．meaningful C．different D．present 答案　D 解析　根据句中“but I’ve decided not to let them rule over me”可知，虽然社会对美的建构一直存在，但我决定不让它们统治我，我要做真正的自己。故选D。 Ⅵ.语法填空 It is known that a healthy lifestyle is related to physical and mental fitness.Do you think 1. is necessary that you should make changes to live a healthier life？Nowadays many people say they just don’t get much time to look after 2. (they) health.However，it is what you do and eat every day 3. guarantees you a healthy body.So make some little changes in your schedule to improve your lifestyle.It’s never too late. These are some suggestions 4. (give) by health experts which can help you achieve your goal.First of all，add healthy food items to your diet.For example，eating green vegetables and fruit 5. (be) a must because they contain lots of vitamins and minerals 6. are necessary to your body.Do remember to exercise 7.　　(regular) because it will burn extra fats in your body and help you gain control of your 8. (weigh)．If you can’t exercise every day，at least go for a walk every day.Sleep at least eight hours every day 9. (make) you feel fresh and energetic.In addition，many people do some activities every day，10. (say) this helps them develop their mind.There are many things you can do to keep healthy，but exercising will always be at the top. 1．答案　it 解析　考查主语从句。本句中that引导主语从句，需要用it作形式主语。故填it。 2．答案　their 解析　考查代词。此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词health。故填their。 3．答案　that 解析　考查强调句。这是“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”的强调句型。被强调部分指事物，故填that。 4．答案　given 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作suggestions的后置定语，give和其逻辑主语suggestions之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填given。 5．答案　is 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，且本文以一般现在时为主，故填is。 6．答案　that/which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为lots of vitamins and minerals，指物，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 7．答案　regularly 解析　考查副词。修饰动词exercise要用副词作状语。故填regularly。 8．答案　weight 解析　考查名词。此处需用名词作介词of的宾语，且空前有形容词性物主代词修饰。故填weight。 9．答案　to make 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，设空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to make。 10．答案　saying 解析　考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语动词do，设空处应填非谓语动词，say和其逻辑主语many people之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。故填saying。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$