Unit 1 Period 2 Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（外研版2019）

“Don’t judge a book by its cover，” the old saying goes. Unfortunately，as a teenager，that is often exactly what you do to yourself and has a negative1 effect，and it is important to guard against the causes behind them. Standards2 of beauty in the media can have a big influence3 on what you think of your physical appearance. Besides，your friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance. Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos online to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies，and it becomes easier for you to compare yourself with them. This has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance. These external influences are always present，but there are certainly ways to deal with them. First of all，be careful not to follow popular beauty standards blindly. Another tip is to remind yourself that you are unique. Focusing on your strengths also helps you build your confidence. Finally，it is a good idea to try to direct your attention away from negative thoughts. So judge yourself by what is on the inside，not on the outside because your contents4 are much more important than your cover. (改编自译林版新教材必修第一册Unit 4) 词汇积累 1．negative adj.消极的；否定的 2．standard n．标准 3．influence n．& v．影响 4．content n．内容 Period 2　Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．boost A．to behave in a particular way，in order to make other people believe sth that is not true 2．enlarge B．the process of looking at or judging your own faults or weaknesses 3．pretend C．to make sth increase，or become better or more successful 4．bother D．similar in every detail 5．identical E．to make sth bigger；to become bigger 6．self-critical F．to annoy；to worry or upset sb 答案　1.C　2.E　3.A　4.F　5.D　6.B Ⅱ.选词填空 1．Pretending to be knowledgable and talking constantly indicates a lack of self-confidence. 2．For the first time in my life，I was surprised at how beautiful our nature could be. 3．I had to acknowledge that it was her bizarre makeover that left an impression on me at first. 4．Everyone in the world should make an effort to protect the marine ecosystem. 5．My roommate，a girl from a distant village，has a desire for better education. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the passage? A．How to look at your appearance. B．Inner beauty is more important than external beauty. C．Health is more important than beauty. D．How to make yourself more beautiful. 答案　A Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Skim the text and match each part with its main idea. Part 1(Paras.1－2)　　 A．Health is beauty. Part 2(Paras.3－4) B．Pay attention to your external beauty. Part 3(Paras.5－6) C．Have faith in your appearance. 答案　Part 1　C　Part 2　B　Part 3　A Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Paras.1－2 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Why does Jade spend hours every day editing her selfies? A．She wants to appreciate the beauty in herself. B．She loves listening to a song in Ugly Betty. C．She is a narcissist and cares only about herself. D．She is plain-looking and wants to look good. 答案　D 2．Why does Jade’s father consider her a narcissist? A．She treats herself as a pretty girl. B．She is addicted to editing her selfies. C．She likes commenting on online selfies. D．She uses selfie apps to look plain. 答案　B 3．What is Dr Hart’s attitude towards obsessive online photo editing? A．Supportive. B．Unclear. C．Disapproving. D．Unconcerned. 答案　C Ⅱ.Read Paras.3－4 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What does the word “this” in the sentence “When I first moved into my dormitory at college，this made my roommates quite confused...” mean? 答案　I wear the same clothes day after day. 2．“I perceived that external beauty isn’t totally worthless.” What does this sentence mean? 答案　I realized that external beauty isn’t completely meaningless. 3．What does the example of Anthony prove? A．Men usually aren’t particular about their clothing. B．People care about their appearances in public. C．External beauty depends on your inner beauty. D．External beauty can improve your self-confidence. 答案　D Ⅲ.Read Paras.5－6 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What has been troubling Emma since she was a child? A．She is too thin to be a model. B．She suffers pain and poor health. C．She is taller and stronger than others. D．She can’t change the beauty stereotypes. 答案　C 2．What can we learn from the last sentence in paragraph 5? A．Emma has changed her opinion about her figure. B．Emma is very content with her appearance. C．Emma feels ashamed of herself and tries to change. D．Emma is unhappy because of her appearance. 答案　A 3．What is the most important according to Emma? A．Success. B．Health. C．Confidence. D．Exercise. 答案　B Ⅳ.Read the whole passage again and do the following exercises. 1．What is Dr Hart’s opinion on beauty? A．People should make every means to look good. B．Not external beauty but inner beauty matters. C．Beauty is more important than happiness. D．Health and happiness are the beauty we should value. 答案　D 2．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To persuade people to edit their photos less. B．To prove that external beauty is not the most important thing. C．To show the true meaning of beauty. D．To warn readers about the physical dangers of losing weight. 答案　C Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．Do you agree that “It’s a pretty person’s world”？Why？(Critical thinking) 2．In addition to those methods mentioned in the passage，what other ways do you think can make you become a better person？(Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 Jade is an accounting manager，who has always been plain-looking.Ever since she 1.discovered(discover) selfie apps that could make herself look beautiful，she has become so 2.addicted(addict) that Dad thinks she is a narcissist.Dr Hart says obsessive online photo editing indicates 3.a lack of self-confidence and a desire 4.for attention.On the contrary，Anthony never really cared about his 5.appearance(appear)．At college he wore the same clothes day after day,6.which confused his roommates very much.However，after he attended the TV programme A New You，he perceived that external beauty can be an expression of our personalities,7.helping(help) us make a good and positive impression on others.Emma，a senior high school student，is 8.larger(large) than other girls，which bothered her most.She tried every means possible 9.to lose(lose) weight，bringing her nothing but pain and poor health.Not until she came across the success story of Tess Holliday did she realise that health，mental and physical，is the most important thing.As Dr Hart says，good health not only 10.makes(make) us more beautiful，but happier，too! Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．So，ever since I discovered selfie apps that could remove my freckles，enlarge my eyes and even slim my jawline，I have become addicted. [句式分析]　该句是复合句。主句为I have become addicted；since引导时间状语从句，其中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词apps。 [自主翻译]　所以，自从我发现自拍软件能消除我的雀斑，拉大眼睛，甚至削尖下巴，我就用上瘾了。 2．People who pretend to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves. [句式分析]　此句为复合句。主句为People tend to misjudge themselves；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people；someone后面是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词someone。 [自主翻译]　那些把自己包装成别人的人，往往会对自己产生错误的判断。 3．That’s why I could never understand my sister，who has 17 lipsticks and can’t decide which one to use every morning. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。why引导的是表语从句；who引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是my sister，在从句中作主语。 [自主翻译]　所以我永远无法理解我姐姐。她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A To be born in a duck’s nest，in a farmyard，is of no consequence to a bird，if it is hatched from a swan’s egg. It was lovely summer weather in the country.Here sat a duck on her nest，watching for her young babies to hatch.After a hard time，one shell cracked，and then another，and from each egg came a living creature.But still one egg was not hatched yet.“I have no doubt it is a turkey’s egg as it is very big.Take my advice and leave it where it is，” said an old duck.But the mother duck insisted on sitting on it as a few days would be nothing after sitting so long already.Finally，the large egg broke，and a young one crept forth.It was very large and ugly. Because of his look，this poor duckling，who had crept out of his shell last of all，was often bitten，pushed and made fun of，not only by the ducks，but by all the poultry.Even his mother，who once spoke highly of his good characters and excellent swimming skills，said she wished he had never been born，so the duckling left his families.And soon he found water on which it could swim and dive，but was avoided by all other animals，because of his ugly appearance. Autumn came.One evening，there came a large flock of beautiful birds.The duckling had never seen any like them before.But he felt towards them and determined to fly to those royal birds.He spoke to himself it would be better killed by them than pecked by ducks or starved with hunger in the winter.Then he flew towards the beautiful swans.But what he saw in the clear stream below is his own image：no longer a dark，gray bird，ugly and disagreeable to look at，but a graceful and beautiful swan.He was so happy but not at all proud.Unfairly treated for his ugliness，now he heard others said he was the most beautiful of all the birds. 1．Why did the old duck try to persuade the mother duck to leave the egg there? A．Because it was a turkey’s egg. B．Because its shell had not cracked. C．Because the old duck had the same experience. D．Because the old duck thought it was not her duckling. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘I have no doubt it is a turkey’s egg as it is very big.Take my advice and leave it where it is，’ said an old duck.”可知，老鸭子劝说鸭妈妈离开那个蛋，是因为他认为，这不是鸭妈妈的孩子，故选D。 2．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3? A．What the duckling looks like. B．How other animals treat the duckling. C．What makes the duckling’s mother regret. D．Why the duckling avoids all other animals. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段中“Because of his look...was often bitten，pushed and made fun of，not only by the ducks，but by all the poultry.Even his mother...said she wished he had never been born...And soon he found water...but was avoided by all other animals...”可知，本段主要描写的是其他动物是怎样对待这只小鸭子的，故选B。 3．What does the writer probably intend to tell us? A．Be yourself and always hopes. B．Pride hurts but honesty benefits. C．He that respects not is not respected. D．No gains without pains. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“To be born in a duck’s nest，in a farmyard，is of no consequence to a bird，if it is hatched from a swan’s egg.”并结合下文中描写的丑小鸭变天鹅的故事可知，作者想要告诉我们的是：做自己，永远充满希望，故选A。 4．Which of the following words can best describe the character of the duckling? A．Gentle and considerate. B．Determined but conservative. C．Modest and brave. D．Stubborn but ambitious. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He was so happy but not at all proud.”可知，他是谦虚的；根据“He spoke to himself it would be better killed by them than pecked by ducks or starved with hunger in the winter.Then he flew towards the beautiful swans.”可知，他是勇敢的，故选C。 B The majority of people are unable to commit to a healthy long-term lifestyle—although they are somehow willing to！There seems to be a paradox(矛盾，悖论) here. We become more aware of the importance of leading a healthy lifestyle on a regular basis.Yet，we just don’t manage to.We may engage in a variety of short-term projects：1-week detox retreats or 1-month severe diets.But the benefits these short-term activities produce are quickly lost as we are dragged back to our “bad” habits in the longer term.The inability to stick to a healthy lifestyle makes us feel frustrated and unhealthy.What is the way out then? The first step is to understand the problem more deeply：What are the main obstacles of pursuing a healthy lifestyle? Which are the fundamental aspects to a healthy lifestyle? How are they interconnected? If we understand the problem and its components more deeply，we are one step closer to coming up with a solution. Surveys show how in 85% of cases in the US and Europe，the main obstacles to pursuing a healthy lifestyle are to be found among lack of awareness，time，self-control and guidelines. “Humans tend to heavily discount the future，meaning things that we have now are more valuable to us than things we’ll have in a few years，” said A．Braun in 2019.For this reason，we cannot correctly weigh the costs and consequences of choosing unhealthy habits today，and we tend to give in to short-term pleasure，although this means reducing longer-term benefits. We deliberately choose to experience and enjoy short-term pleasure，mainly because of a stress condition we may have，or because of personality.The underlying reason for these behaviors is primarily stress，as neuroscience discoveries in fact suggest，“In general，stress results in habit behavior in humans，so dealing first and foremost with stress is probably advisable when you are looking to make lasting changes.Luckily，your brain can change throughout life.Decreasing stress could finally help your brain become less easily influenced by habit.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了大多数人无法坚持一种健康且长期的生活方式的原因以及解决方案。 5．Why do people engage in various short-term projects? A．To delete a bad habit. B．To keep healthy in lifestyle. C．To go on a severe diet. D．To solve the paradox. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，人们参加各种短期项目是为了保持健康的生活方式。故选B。 6．What is the obstacle of pursuing a healthy lifestyle? A．Lacking enough self-discipline. B．Gaining no reward from working out. C．Having no motive when making schedules. D．Relying on too much guidance from others. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，追求健康生活方式的障碍之一是缺乏自律。故选A。 7．What’s the author’s purpose of quoting A．Braun’s words in paragraph 5? A．To highlight the association between habits and lifestyle. B．To stress the long-term value of adopting healthy habits. C．To show a trend of pursuing long-term pleasure. D．To convey people’s commitment to a healthy lifestyle. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，作者引用A.Braun的话，是想强调养成健康习惯的长期价值。故选B。 8．What can we learn about neuroscience discoveries? A．Changing brain activities helps decrease stress. B．Personality contributes to one’s short-term pleasure. C．People’s habit behavior tends to dominate their emotions. D．Reducing stress is the key to sticking to a healthy lifestyle. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The underlying reason for these behaviors is primarily stress...looking to make lasting changes.”可知，我们能从神经科学的发现中了解到减少压力是坚持健康生活方式的关键。故选D。 C I’ve long believed that positive living isn’t about being optimistic every minute of every day.That kind of permanently happy state can’t be the goal，because it’s impossible to achieve. It turns out that psychological research finds true happiness comes from authentic positivity，and authentic positivity comes from emotional flexibility. Being flexible emotionally means being open to the full range of emotional experiences，including the challenging ones like anger，disappointment and sadness.Emotional flexibility means being able to shift behaviors and mindsets to meet different situational needs，and adapting when circumstances change. However，emotionally flexible people are not chameleons(变色龙) whose outlook changes based on which way the wind is blowing.Instead，emotional flexibility is a skill that helps people judge the complexities of daily life，and stick to their deeply held values. I’ve learned a new word that I’d like to share with you：Eudaimonia.Eudaimonia is the opposite of hedonism，the idea that happiness comes from the constant pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain.Eudaimonia，by contrast，encourages us to pursue meaning and authenticity，growth and honest joy.Both are philosophical approaches to happiness，and recent psychological thoughts are leaning toward eudaimonia as a more sustainable，satisfying model. Eudaimonia was first mentioned by Aristotle，who got the term from the Greek word “daimon”，which means “true nature”．To me，walking a positive path means accepting that we each have positive true nature and permanent goodness.What we learn from the concept of eudaimonia is that we are best equipped to realize this nature when we are emotionally honest and flexible. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了真正的幸福的源泉是什么，以及在情感上诚实和灵活有助于提升幸福感。 9．What is the author’s belief? A．People can’t always be happy. B．People should live alone. C．People should pursue true achievements. D．People can’t always achieve their goals. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段“我一直相信积极的生活并不是每天每一分钟都保持乐观。那种永久的快乐状态不是我们的目标，因为它不可能实现”可知，作者认为人们不可能总是快乐的。故选A。 10．What do emotionally flexible people commit themselves to? A．Their different needs. B．Their strongly believed values. C．The pursuit of hedonism. D．Permanent happiness. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“相反，情感的灵活性是一种技能，帮助人们判断日常生活的复杂性，并坚持他们根深蒂固的价值观”可知，情感上灵活的人遵从自己坚信的价值观。故选B。 11．How can people gain eudaimonia according to the author? A．By keeping realistically optimistic. B．By pursuing pleasure constantly. C．By being honest to others. D．By changing true nature. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，作者认为，保持真实乐观可以获得幸福感。故选A。 12．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．What’s the Difference between Eudaimonia and Hedonism? B．Why Can’t People Be Happy All the Time? C．What Is the Importance of Eudaimonia? D．What Should We Do to Stay Positive? 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者在文章开头提出了论点：人不可能总是快乐的，然后提出真正的幸福的源泉是什么，以及如何获得真正的幸福，故B选项“为什么人们不能一直快乐？”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 Every time we open a magazine，turn on the TV，or drive past a billboard，we see how far our personal reality is from the standard publicized by the media. 1 Here are some thoughts that help you embrace your true beauty. Look around you. Take a good look at the people in your life that you love—your parents，your siblings，and your close friends.It’s likely that most of them aren’t as beautiful as public figures，and yet，are they not beautiful to you？Look at the familiar faces，the warm smiles，the kind gestures，the comforting bodies and arms that embrace you. 2 You see them as truly beautiful people—and they view you the same way. Stop struggling. There are some elements of our faces and bodies we simply cannot change. 3 Struggles and resistance do nothing but push further away from recognizing our true beauty. 　4　 Sometimes we become so disconnected from our true beauty that we neglect and mistreat our bodies，further making us less confident.But as you begin to treat your body more lovingly，you will feel better mentally and physically，affording the clarity to recognize your true inner and outer beauty.Feed your body with nutritious foods.Move your body through exercise every day for at least twenty to thirty minutes. 5 As Kahlil Gibran said，“Beauty is not in face；beauty is a light in the heart.” Allow the light in your heart to shine for yourself and others，and in so doing，your entire being will glow with a fire of beauty. A．Take care of your body. B．Ignore those looking ugly. C．Break the bad habits that are harming your body. D．Beauty is the best version of yourself，inside and out. E．Each person has an inner beauty that makes them who they are. F．Rather than struggling against these things，accept them with love. G．But “true beauty” is much more than having a model-perfect appearance. 1．答案　G 解析　根据空格上文可知，我们与媒体宣传的美的标准相差甚远。根据下文“Here are some thoughts that help you embrace your true beauty.”可知，空格处与上文为转折关系，说明“真正的美”的内涵且引起下文。选项G(但“真正的美丽”并不仅仅是拥有完美的外表)符合题意。故选G。 2．答案　E 解析　根据上文“It’s likely that most of them...that embrace you.”可知，他们中的大多数人虽然没有完美的外表，但是他们的内在美也让他们看起来很美。选项E(每个人都有内在美，这让他们成为自己)符合题意。故选E。 3．答案　F 解析　根据下文“Struggles and resistance do nothing but push further away from recognizing our true beauty.”可知，挣扎和抗拒只会让我们远离真正的美。根据因果关系，选项F(与其和这些事情作斗争，不如用爱去接受它们)符合题意。其中struggling是原词复现。故选F。 4．答案　A 解析　此空是段落小标题，根据下文“But as you begin to treat your body more lovingly，you will feel better mentally and physically...”可知，整段都在强调要爱护自己的身体，围绕此话题展开。选项A(照顾好自己的身体)符合题意。故选A。 5．答案　C 解析　上文“Feed your body with nutritious foods.Move your body through exercise every day for at least twenty to thirty minutes.”提到的都是照顾好自己身体的好习惯。根据递进关系，选项C(改掉那些伤害你身体的坏习惯)符合题意。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$