Unit 2 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures—Infinitives(3) as the subject-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Period 3　Discovering Useful Structures—Infinitives(3) as the subject 阅读以下短文，感知黑体句子，并完成下面的练习 I had a lot of hobbies when I studied in college.①It was hard for me to save money to keep my hobbies.②It was foolish of me to spend plenty of time with those.③But to study hard was my first task at that time.I often got up early to catch up with other students.④It took me two terms to make up for my lost time.⑤I think to make the same mistake is not wise because to become a surgeon is not easy.I should seize the good opportunity and do whatever I can to achieve my ambition.Now，I am a doctor and I will never forget the experience of that time. 自主发现 1．以上黑体句子中动词不定式都作主语。 2．句①、句②和句④中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 一、基本用法 1．动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To look after these naughty boys is really difficult.照看这些淘气的男孩真的很难。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。 2．为了避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语放在句首，作主语的不定式常置于句末。 It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用汽车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 It’s nice for you to go there. 你还是去那里的好。 注意： 1．若要说明不定式表示的动作的发出者，就要在不定式前加for引起的短语，构成“for＋名词(或代词宾格)＋不定式”短语，这一短语被称为不定式的复合结构。 2．在“It is＋adj.＋不定式复合结构”句型中，当其中的形容词是说明逻辑主语的性质、品质时，要由of引出逻辑主语，不能用for。这类形容词主要有clever，foolish，kind，nice，careless，polite，silly，stupid，wise等。 It’s very easy for him to work out this math problem. 对他来说解出这道数学题很容易。 It was careless of him to make such a mistake. ＝He was careless to make such a mistake. 犯了这样的错误，他太粗心了。 二、动词不定式和动名词作主语的异同点 1．不定式和动名词作主语的相同点 (1)不定式和动名词作主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来作形式主语，如： It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。 It is no use asking him for help. 向他求助是没有用的。 (2)如果主语用了不定式，表语和宾语也要用不定式；如果主语用了动名词，表语和宾语也要用动名词，这在英语中称为对称性，如： To see is to believe.＝Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 It is better to stay home than to go out. 待在家里比出去要好。 2．动名词和不定式作主语的不同点 (1)不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作；表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时，多用动名词。 To visit China with my teammates is my next goal. 和我的队友一起去中国旅游是我的下一个目标。 Walking is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old. 散步是一种老少皆宜的很好的运动方式。 (2)在“It＋be＋no use(good/help/need等)”之后常用动名词作主语，而少用不定式。 It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It is no help taking this medicine. 服用这种药没有用。 注意：如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语，就只能用不定式。 It is no good for us to do that exercise. 我们做那种练习没有好处。 (3)不定式可以和when，where，how，what，whether等连用，在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而动名词则不能。 Where to put the box seems hard to decide. 很难决定把这个箱子放在哪里。 What to do with this situation reflects one’s ability. 如何应对这种状况反映出一个人的能力。 运用不定式作主语的知识补全下面的短文 1．To be fluent in English(英语说得流利) is my dream.I am completely aware that it is difficult 2.to speak English fluently(流利地说英语)．So I asked my English teacher for help straight away.She gave me some advice.First of all，it is necessary for me 3.to speak English whenever possible(在任何可能的时候说英语)．Besides，it is very important 4.to practice correct pronunciation(练习正确的发音)．All in all，it is possible for me 5.to be good at oral English(擅长英语口语) if I am hard-working enough. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It took us about two hours to get(get) there that day. 2．It is no use arguing(argue) with him，for he is so stubborn. 3．It is foolish of you to take(take) a taxi to the town in that situation. 4．It is important for her to prepare(prepare) for the examination. 5．The boy was so young that he couldn’t decide which one to choose(choose)． Ⅱ.完成句子 1．被邀请参加玛丽的生日派对是一件很荣幸的事情。 It’s a great honour to be invited to Mary’s birthday party. 2．我们难以在15分钟内写完这篇作文。 It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. 3．你把老师说的所有东西都记下来是愚蠢的。 It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. 4．被我的班主任误解使我不知道如何为自己辩解。 To be misunderstood by my head teacher made me unaware of how to defend myself. 5．哭没有用，而且只有努力才能改变你现在糟糕的处境。 It is no use crying，and it is hard work that can change your present terrible situation. 6．我很荣幸与你分享如何与你父母和睦相处的观点。 It is a great honour for me to share with you my opinions on how to get along well with your parents. Ⅲ.阅读理解 Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持) a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging，yet fun！Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However，studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups，it’s not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health.It’s an opportunity to be social and improve your strength.Additionally，group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal inspires people to work hard. Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support people receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don’t want to embarrass themselves.If you feel that way，then group training is an even better option for you.It’s a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction of a fitness instructor.If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored，you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that will keep your workout on track.Don’t let fitness frighten you! If you’re serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle，it’s extremely important to surround yourself with people who’ll provide you with the proper emotional support.Surround yourself with people who encourage and understand you！Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class with a friend.Plan to go for a jog together.Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar！Fitness can be both fun and social! Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect and support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.First，decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive.Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. 1．Why is group exercise more beneficial according to paragraph 1? A．It can help set practical goals. B．It can improve physical fitness. C．It can reduce stress and anxiety. D．It can create a sense of belonging. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，团体运动更有益是因为它可以创造一种归属感。故选D。 2．What does the underlined word “upbeat” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Peaceful. B．Boring. C．Cheerful. D．Annoying. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，如果你厌倦了在健身房里浪费时间，变得无聊，你可以参加一个upbeat团体健身班，让你的锻炼保持在正轨上。故画线单词应和前面的“无聊”意思相反。故选C。 3．What can be learnt from the text? A．Support from friends matters. B．Doing sports alone is harmful. C．We should often eat out with friends. D．Jogging is the most beneficial sport. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句和第四段第一句可知，朋友的情感支持很重要。故选A。 4．What may be the best title for the text? A．Ways to Do Group Exercise B．Group Exercise，Better Health C．Without Friends，Without Health D．Benefits of Doing Exercise 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段第一句可知，文章主要介绍了团体运动对身心健康的好处。故选B。 Ⅳ.完形填空 Two years ago，Kiah Twisselman was working for the Kentucky Beef Council，when she reached the weight of 285 pounds.Kiah was responsible for their nutrition program，which meant 1 the health benefits of beef and it wasn’t sitting well with her.She had to stand up in front of a group of registered 2 ，a group of influencers，and tell them about the nutritional benefits of beef，and it made her so 3 . While on a flight，Kiah read a book by motivational speaker Rachel Hollis.“That book was kind of my 4 call to me that if you want to change your life，it is 100 percent in your 5 and nobody else’s，” said Kiah. She started 6 Hollis on social media and decided to try her Five To Thrive plan，which 7 her to adopt five simple habits and commit to 8 them every day for 90 days. Kiah started waking up earlier， 9 ，began daily journaling，drank water according to the instruction.In just a few months，she lost 25 pounds，which 10 her to keep going， 11 when she hit a plateau(停滞期)． To 12 things up，Kiah started trying out harder workout videos.Unlike previously blaming herself for her failure，this time，she started from a place of 13 .“When I failed，I was more willing to 14 myself and say，‘What can I learn from this？’” Over the next year，Kiah lost 103 pounds and the physical transformation was so 15 ！ 1．A.believing B．improving C．ensuring D．advocating 答案　D 解析　由下文的“tell them about the nutritional benefits of beef”可知，该项目是要提倡牛肉对健康的好处。故选D。 2．A.nutritionists B．tourists C．farmers D．partners 答案　A 解析　由上文的“working for the Kentucky Beef Council”和下文的“a group of influencers，and tell them about the nutritional benefits of beef”可知，她是为肯塔基州牛肉委员会工作，可推知她的工作对象应是有影响力的人和专业的营养学家。故选A。 3．A.unfortunate B．successful C．uncomfortable D．appealing 答案　C 解析　由上文语境尤其是“it wasn’t sitting well with her”可知，体重285磅的Kiah要在一群营养学家面前宣传牛肉的营养价值，这让她很不舒服。故选C。 4．A.business B．wake-up C．first-aid D．conference 答案　B 解析　由下文语境可知，Kiah开启了她的减肥之旅，说明Rachel Hollis的书唤醒了Kiah，给她的生活敲响了警钟，让她行动起来。故选B。 5．A.favor B．diet C．control D．opinion 答案　C 解析　由上文的“if you want to change your life”可知，如果你想改变自己的生活，那么百分之百要由自己掌控，与别人无关。故选C。 6．A.following B．assisting C．blaming D．interviewing 答案　A 解析　由上文语境和下文的“decided to try her Five To Thrive plan”可知，Kiah开始在社交媒体上关注Hollis，并决定尝试她的计划。故选A。 7．A.forbade B．qualified C．permitted D．challenged 答案　D 解析　由下文的“Kiah started waking up earlier， ，began daily journaling，drank water according to the instruction.”可知，此处指该计划要求她养成五个简单的习惯，并坚持每天练习，坚持90天。故选D。 8．A.overcoming B．practicing C．celebrating D．correcting 答案　B 解析　参考上题解析。故选B。 9．A.watched out B．dashed out C．worked out D．spoke out 答案　C 解析　由下文的“Kiah started trying out harder workout videos”可知，此处指早起后锻炼。故选C。 10．A.forced B．fueled C．promised D．reminded 答案　B 解析　由上文可知，Kiah成功减重25磅，这给了Kiah新的动力，刺激她继续坚持下去。故选B。 11．A.thus B．yet C．merely D．even 答案　D 解析　由下文“Kiah started strying out hander workout videos”可知，Kiah甚至在到达停滞期之后也在坚持。故选D。 12．A.fix B．divide C．switch D．sum 答案　C 解析　由上文语境和下文的“Kiah started trying out harder workout videos”可知，Kiah到了停滞期，所以为了改变现状，Kiah尝试难度更大的锻炼视频。故选C。 13．A.self-criticism B．self-love C．self-respect D．self-doubt 答案　B 解析　由上文的“Unlike previously blaming herself for her failure”可知，Kiah不再像以前那样因失败而自责，这次她从自爱开始。故选B。 14．A.save B．protect C．introduce D．forgive 答案　D 解析　由上文语境可知，Kiah现在选择爱自己，所以当她失败的时候，她不再责备自己了，而是原谅自己。故选D。 15．A.apparent B．awkward C．slight D．gradual 答案　A 解析　由上文的“when she reached the weight of 285 pounds”和“Kiah lost 103 pounds”可知，体重285磅的Kiah减了103磅，这种身体的变化是很明显的。故选A。 Ⅴ.语法填空 Apple products have been used all over the world.There is no doubt 1. Steve Jobs is one of the most creative persons across the whole world.He is a genius who 2. (make) great contributions to our communications. As every Apple fan was waiting for the next 3. (amaze) product，Steve Jobs，the founder and former CEO of Apple，passed away on October 5th,2011 at the age of 56，after a long battle with cancer since 2004.The news came as 4. shock. Jobs is remembered for some great products or programs，such as the iPad，the iPhone and the iPod.Steve Jobs made technology fun.He made 5. interesting and easy to use computers.His products are popular around the world.Some people even think that it is hard 6. (go) without a cellphone of Apple.The Apple products 7. (design) by Jobs have changed the way we enjoy music，television and even books.But Jobs brought much more to the world than these popular products.As a 8. (success) businessman，Job’s passion(热情) and energy inspired the world.He always told us to “do what you love”．He said “the only thing that 9. (keep) me going is that I love what I do.” People say Jobs sold dreams，rather than products.As the US president Barack Obama said，Jobs was “brave enough to think 10._________ (different)，bold(大胆的) enough to change the world and talented enough to do it.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了史蒂夫·乔布斯的创新精神，以及他的发明对人们的影响。 1．答案　that 解析　考查同位语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导同位语从句对名词doubt进行补充说明，从句成分和意义都完整，应用连接词that引导。 2．答案　has made/made 解析　考查时态。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，句子陈述过去的事实，应用一般过去时；也可看作过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，who指代先行词a genius，是单数概念，助动词用has。故填has made/made。 3．答案　amazing 解析　考查形容词。修饰空后名词product应用形容词，表示“令人惊叹的”应用amazing。 4．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。shock作“令人震惊的人或事”讲时是可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且shock的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 5．答案　it 解析　考查形式宾语。分析句子可知，这里是make＋it＋adj.＋to do结构，it是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语，故填it。 6．答案　to go 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故此处用不定式。 7．答案　designed 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作products的后置定语，应用非谓语动词形式，design和逻辑主语products之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。 8．答案　successful 解析　考查形容词。修饰名词businessman应用提示词的形容词形式。 9．答案　keeps 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语that指代先行词the only thing，是单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 10．答案　differently 解析　考查副词。修饰动词think应用提示词的副词形式。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$