Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and Thinking—Reading Comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Masterpieces The Starry Night was painted in June 1889 when Vincent van Gogh was staying at a home for the mentally ill. Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window—the night sky with clouds, stars and a moon. However, he didn’t just paint the clouds. He also painted the massive1 circles of white and yellow racing across the sky. The stars and the moon hang bright in the night sky. Beneath2 this amazing sky, we see a sleeping village and a dark, lonely tree. His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Gogh’s mental illness may have affected his sense of sight. He also took a drug that can make people see yellow spots3, just like the stars in The Starry Night. Unfortunately, Van Gogh’s unique4 paintings weren’t very popular and he only sold one painting in his lifetime. He also thought The Starry Night was a failure. However, the fact remains that The Starry Night is now one of the world’s most famous paintings. The Scream was painted by Edvard Munch in 1893. What makes it striking5 is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear—the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream6. The figure covers his or her ears and looks directly at the viewer. This figure is set on a bridge above a dark, stormy sea, and against a burning orange-red sky. In his diary, Munch talked about what inspired him. “I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as red as blood...I stood there shaking. Then I heard the scream of nature.” Many experts say that The Scream is connected to Munch’s mental health problems, which caused him a lot of pain.(节选自北师大版新教材必修第三册 UNIT 7) 词汇积累 1.massive /'mæsiv/ adj.巨大的；大规模的 2．beneath /bɪ'niːθ/ prep.& adv.在……(正)下方 3．spot /spɒt/n.(圆)点；斑点 4．unique /ju'niːk/ adj.独一无二的 5．striking /'straɪkɪŋ/ adj.惊人的；显著的 6．let out a scream发出尖叫声 Period 1　Reading and Thinking—Reading Comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．breakthrough　 A．the opinion that people have about what sb/sth is like，based on what has happened in the past 2．reputation B．existing in sb’s mind rather than in the real world 3．rank C．the act or process of buying sth 4．purchase 　　 D．having fine personal qualities that people admire, such as courage, honesty and care for others 5．emerge E．an important development that may lead to an achievement 6．subjective 　　 F．the position that sb has in a particular organization，society，etc. 7．precise 　　　 G．clear and accurate 8．noble 　　　　H．to come out of a dark or hidden place；to become known 答案　 1.E　2.A　3.F　4.C　5.H　6.B　7.G　8.D Ⅱ.选词填空 1．This interview may be an opportunity to set you apart from other applicants. 2．We should pay attention to our behaviour，in formal situations in particular. 3．Young children are beginning their formal education sometimes as early as four years old. 4．My grandparents are fond of the atmosphere of peace and calm in the country. 5．In pursuing a dream，we might focus on only one way of making it come true，forgetting that there may be other alternatives. 6．People have better access to health care than they used to，and they’re living longer as a result. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大义 What’s the main idea of the passage? A．How religious paintings developed. B．How Western art developed. C．How oil paintings developed. D．How Impressionist paintings developed. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Match the main idea with each part. Part 1(Para.1)　　　　　A．The development of Western painting. Part 2(Paras.2－8) 　　B．Western art has many different styles. 答案　Part 1 B　 Part 2 A Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and answer the following question. Why is it difficult to give Western art a precise definition？What is the best way to understand Western art? 答案　(1)Because there have been so many different styles of Western art. (2)Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What was the main theme of paintings in the Middle Ages? A．The things around them. B．Famous people at the time. C．Things related to religion. D．Animals people liked. 答案　C 2．What set Giotto di Bondone’s paintings apart from other paintings? A．His paintings mainly showed religious themes. B．His paintings showed real people in a real environment. C．His paintings were to convey the light and movement in the scene. D．His paintings concentrated less on religious themes. 答案　B Ⅲ.Read Paras.3－5 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Why did painters not focus more on religion at this period? 答案　Because new ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. 2．Who was considered as a master of shadow and light? A．Masaccio. B．Rembrandt. C．Michelangelo. D．Leonardo da Vinci. 答案　B Ⅳ.Read Paras.6－7 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What led to the emergence of Impressionism? A．Scenes of nature. B．The light and movement in the scene. C．The invention of photography. D．A detailed record of the scene. 答案　C 2．Which country did Impressionism come from? A．Spain. B．France. C．Italy. D．Germany. 答案　B 3．What did many Impressionists focus on in their paintings? A．Important historical events. B．Stories from mythology. C．Nature or daily life. D．Kings and nobles. 答案　C Ⅴ.Read Para.8 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What is Picasso’s new way of painting? A．Cubism. B．Abstractionism. C．Realism. D．Impressionism. 答案　A 2．Which of the following are the styles of paintings about Modern Art? A．Abstract and realistic. B．Abstract and natural. C．Religious and natural. D．Natural and realistic. 答案　A Ⅵ.Read the passage again and do the following exercises. 1．How does the writer develop each period of Western painting? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons. D．By giving causes and effects. 答案　B 2．Where can you find this kind of passage? A．A story book. B．A science magazine. C．A business magazine. D．An art magazine. 答案　D Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．Which period of Western art do you like most？Why are you fond of it？(Critical thinking) 答案　I like Impressionism because the paintings of it are amazing，which can convey the light and movement in the scene.They focus on people and the real world. 2．How would you answer the question，“What is art？”(Creative thinking) 答案　Art is real experiences，beauty，freedom，personality，creation... Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 As there have been so many different styles of Western art，perhaps the best way 1.to understand(understand) Western art is to look at the 2.development(develop) of Western painting over the centuries.During the Middle Ages，the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone.His paintings are set apart from other paintings by their 3.realistic(reality) human faces and deep emotional impact.Painters concentrated 4.less(little) on religious themes during the Renaissance.5.An important breakthrough was the use of perspective by Masaccio and another innovation was the use of oil paints.In subject matter，the emphasis 6.increasingly(increase) shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us.Photography was invented in the mid-19th century，after 7.which paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like.Hence，Impressionism 8.emerged(emerge) in France.The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet 9.called(call) Impression，Sunrise.After Impressionism，subsequent artists began to ask what they would do next.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality,10.but instead to ask the question，“What is art？” Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．As there have been so many different styles of Western art，it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。as是从属连词，引导原因状语从句；it is impossible to describe them all in a short text为it is＋adj.＋to do sth结构，it是形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。 [自主翻译]　由于西方艺术风格多种多样，不可能在一篇短文中描述全部。 2．Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(1452－1519)，Michelangelo(1475－1564)，and Raphael(1483－1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。to produce some of the greatest art是动词不定式短语作目的状语；that Europe had ever seen 为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词some of the greatest art，that在从句中作see的宾语，可以省略。 [自主翻译]　在乔托和马萨乔创新的基础上，莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452年－1519年)、米开朗琪罗(1475年－1564年)和拉斐尔(1483年－1520年)等颇具影响力的画家创作出了欧洲有史以来最伟大的一些艺术作品。 3．While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil，this technique reached its height with Rembrandt(1606－1669)，who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”；reached its height意思是“达到顶峰”；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Rembrandt；gained a reputation as...意思是“获得/拥有……的名誉”。 [自主翻译]　虽然像达·芬奇这么早的画家就已经开始用颜料画画，但这一技艺走向鼎盛则始于获得光影大师称号的伦勃朗(1606年－1669年)。 4．In this work，Monet’s aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. [句式分析]　此句是复合句。to convey...是动词不定式短语作表语；the scene gave him是省略了关系代词的定语从句，省略了that/which，关系代词在从句中作宾语。 [自主翻译]　在这幅作品里，莫奈的目的是传递场景中的光与运动——即场景给予他的主观印象，而非对场景本身的一种具体记录。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Jim Denevan is an amazing artist whose work is admired by all，but owned by none—that’s because all of Jim’s art is created on an unusual canvas(画布)—the soft sand.He sometimes spends days working on a piece，only to see it washed away by the sea or a storm and that is just the way he likes it. Denevan discovered his artistic talent about ten years ago，when he was wandering aimlessly on the beach with a stick.He ended up drawing a 12-foot-long fish.Since then，Jim has traveled over 1,800 miles while creating over 600 pieces of sand art. Over the years，his drawings have become bigger，but the tools he uses haven’t changed—all he needs is a stick，a garden rake(耙) and most importantly，his lively imagination! Just like any good artist，Jim is quite particular about the “quality” of his canvas，sometimes walking for miles，in search of perfect sand.His latest piece of work，which is also the world’s largest freelance(自由职业的) drawing，was created in the desert sands of Nevada.It took Jim three trips，eight days and over 100 miles of walking to create this 3-mile work of art.It took the storm just one night to destroy it！However，Jim says he actually enjoys watching the waves or rain wash his paintings away. Jim’s art has become very popular over the years and was even the topic of a documentary named “Sandman” in 2005.Jim Denevan is not just about art in the sand—he is also an excellent cook and founder of an organization called “Outstanding in the Field”，whose motto(座右铭) is to celebrate food at its source.Accordingly，group dining events are held outdoors on farms，with the diners being treated to a delicious meal.The events，which are held in different farms throughout America，are always sold out the minute the schedule is announced. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了艺术家Jim Denevan以沙滩为画布进行创作，而且他还是一名优秀的厨师和Outstanding in the Field组织的创始人。 1．What do we know about Denevan? A．He used to be a cook. B．He has a gift for creating sand art. C．He puts his work on show regularly. D．He showed artistic talent at a very young age. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容及第二段首句可知，Denevan有画沙滩画的天赋。故选B。 2．What can we learn from the text? A．Denevan walks a lot to complete his work. B．It is not hard for Denevan to find suitable sand. C．It takes a long time for the storm to destroy Denevan’s work. D．Denevan is very particular about his drawing tools. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Jim has traveled over 1,800 miles”以及第四段中第三句可知，为了创作，Jim通常要走很多路。故选A。 3．What does Denevan enjoy about his work according to the text? A．Walking a long distance. B．Waiting for the storm to come. C．Looking for a suitable canvas. D．Watching nature destroy his work. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段末句及倒数第二段末句可知，Denevan喜欢看大自然摧毁他的作品。故选D。 4．Which of the following can best describe Denevan? A．Generous. B．Open-minded. C．Imaginative. D．Traditional. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“all he needs is a stick，a garden rake(耙) and most importantly，his lively imagination！”可知，Denevan是富有想象力的。故选C。 B Pieter Bruegel’s 1565 realistic painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.“The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are，” Ghent University biologist Ive De Smet says.“Nowadays，if you walk through a wheat field，you basically see wheat is about knee-high，which is a consequence of selective breeding(培育) from the second half of the 20th century.” De Smet says he’s teaming up with art historian David Vergauwen of Amarant to look at things where they can spot differences in shape，in color，and in size.Wheat is just one example of how historical artworks can help track the transformation of food crops over time. Friends since childhood，they took interest in plants in artworks and began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum in Russia—where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early 17th-century painting by Flemish artist Frans Snyders. “So if you think of a watermelon and you cut it through，it should be dark red on the inside.But that one appeared to be pale and white.” De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job.But Vergauwen said，“This is one of the best painters ever from that era，so if he paints it like that，that’s the way it must have been.” Other paintings showed that both red and white watermelons were raised during the 17th century. The team hopes to set up an online research database of historical plant artworks.They create a social media hashtag(主题标签) for it.Anyone could send pictures of relevant artworks and details of plants when they visit a museum or exhibit through the hashtag.But，they add，the sources need to be realistic.“If you’re going to use，for example，Picasso to understand how a pear looked，you might be misled.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章以彼得·勃鲁盖尔的一幅1565年的绘画作品《收割者》为例，并结合其他艺术作品，说明了可以通过过去的艺术作品了解当时的农业情况。 5．What can we learn from De Smet’s words in paragraph 1? A．Humans have mainly fed on wheat since 1565. B．Selective breeding affects agricultural structure. C．Wheat has gone through great changes in height. D．The scene in The Harvesters may be unbelievable. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are”和“Nowadays...you basically see wheat is about knee-high...”可知，小麦的高度由一人高变成齐膝高，在高度上经历了很大的变化。故选C。 6．What is Vergauwen’s attitude to the watermelon painted by Frans Snyders? A．Curious. B．Disapproving. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据第三段Vergauwen说的话可知，Vergauwen认为Frans Snyders画的西瓜在当时是真实的，表示支持。故选D。 7．Why is the social media hashtag created? A．To collect more paintings for their database. B．To encourage people to focus on art. C．To advertise their research database. D．To share some historical plant artworks. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的前两句和“Anyone could send pictures of relevant artwork and details of plants...”可知，创建社交媒体标签是为了收集更多与植物有关的绘画作品的信息，建立一个在线研究数据库。故选A。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Ancient paintings focused on food crops. B．Historical artworks reveal agricultural information. C．Two men created a database of plant artworks. D．Plants today are different from their ancestors. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段末句并结合全文内容可知，本文通过在大都会艺术博物馆展出的一幅1565年的绘画作品《收割者》，看到了小麦的变化，并结合其他艺术作品，说明过去的艺术作品可以展现当时的农业情况。故选B。 C (2023·江苏南通高二期末) According to a recent report，people aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but only 10 percent of museum-goers.Similarly，people aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size.We have reached the point of recognizing the disconnection between art and the audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap.Two answers to dealing with this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in much easier ways. In 2022，a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture viewpoint with topics that would attract younger and more diverse audience.It offers an access to art history with conversations on different topics.Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audience along for the discussion. More traditional organizations are paying attention.Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home.To their amazement，users displayed incredible creativity and involvement.This reaction sets an example for other museums and galleries，proving that there is a potential desire for the audience to connect with art topics if the type of activity is appealing.Since many people feel intimidated and think that it requires a base level of understanding to join the conversation，the Getty Museum serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it. Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table.Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and address it.Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers，which proves that there is hunger to hear these art histories，and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，他们想要参与艺术，但缺乏理解和谈论艺术的渠道，我们需要连接艺术和观众的桥梁。 9．What challenge is the author trying to deal with? A．People doubt a great diversity of artworks. B．Fewer and fewer young people go to museums. C．Art appears too distant from common audience. D．Adult audience has a different understanding of art. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，作者尝试去解决的挑战是艺术似乎离普通观众太远。故选C。 10．In the author’s opinion，what should the museums and galleries do? A．They should recognize the disconnection between art and the audience. B．They should make the art history stories accessible in a traditional way. C．They should change meaningfully for activities like the Getty challenge. D．They should limit the number of storytellers both in and out of organizations. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，博物馆和画廊应该像盖蒂博物馆的挑战活动一样做出有意义的改变。故选C。 11．What does the underlined word “intimidated” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Tired. B．Annoyed. C．Surprised. D．Worried. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段画线单词的后半句可知，有些人对参与艺术活动需要基本的理解能力这一点感到担心，故画线词意为“担心，胆怯”。故选D。 12．What conclusion about common audience can we draw from the passage? A．They feel satisfied with current museums and galleries. B．They lack the channels to understand and talk about art history. C．They refuse to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories. D．They would rather view artworks and hear art stories on social media. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的前两句可知，社交媒体的出现帮助普通人缩短和艺术的差距，由此可推断普通观众缺乏了解和谈论艺术史的渠道。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 Every time we open a magazine，turn on the TV，or drive past a billboard，we see how far our personal reality is from the standard publicized by the media. 1 Here are some thoughts that help you embrace your true beauty. Look around you. Take a good look at the people in your life that you love—your parents，your siblings，and your close friends.It’s likely that most of them aren’t as beautiful as public figures，and yet，are they not beautiful to you？Look at the familiar faces，the warm smiles，the kind gestures，the comforting bodies and arms that embrace you. 2 You see them as truly beautiful people—and they view you the same way. Stop struggling. There are some elements of our faces and bodies we simply cannot change. 3 Struggles and resistance do nothing but push further away from recognizing our true beauty. 　4　 Sometimes we become so disconnected from our true beauty that we neglect and mistreat our bodies，further making us less confident.But as you begin to treat your body more lovingly，you will feel better mentally and physically，affording the clarity to recognize your true inner and outer beauty.Feed your body with nutritious foods.Move your body through exercise every day for at least twenty to thirty minutes. 5 　 As Kahlil Gibran said，“Beauty is not in face；beauty is a light in the heart.” Allow the light in your heart to shine for yourself and others，and in so doing，your entire being will glow with a fire of beauty. A．Take care of your body. B．Ignore those looking ugly. C．Break the bad habits that are harming your body. D．Beauty is the best version of yourself，inside and out. E．Each person has an inner beauty that makes them who they are. F．Rather than struggling against these things，accept them with love. G．But “true beauty” is much more than having a model-perfect appearance. 1．答案　G 解析　根据空格上文可知，我们与媒体宣传的美的标准相差甚远。根据下文“Here are some thoughts that help you embrace your true beauty.”可知，空格处与上文为转折关系，说明“真正的美”的内涵且引起下文。选项G(但“真正的美丽”并不仅仅是拥有完美的外表)符合题意。故选G。 2．答案　E 解析　根据上文“It’s likely that most of them...that embrace you.”可知，他们中的大多数人虽然没有完美的外表，但是他们的内在美也让他们看起来很美。选项E(每个人都有内在美，这让他们成为自己)符合题意。故选E。 3．答案　F 解析　根据下文“Struggles and resistance do nothing but push further away from recognizing our true beauty.”可知，挣扎和抗拒只会让我们远离真正的美。根据因果关系，选项F(与其和这些事情作斗争，不如用爱去接受它们)符合题意。其中struggling是原词复现。故选F。 4．答案　A 解析　此空是段落小标题，根据下文“But as you begin to treat your body more lovingly，you will feel better mentally and physically...”可知，整段都在强调要爱护自己的身体，围绕此话题展开。选项A(照顾好自己的身体)符合题意。故选A。 5．答案　C 解析　上文“Feed your body with nutritious foods.Move your body through exercise every day for at least twenty to thirty minutes.”提到的都是照顾好自己身体的好习惯。根据递进关系，选项C(改掉那些伤害你身体的坏习惯)符合题意。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$