专题-S321 必修三 UNIT 2 Morals and Virtues 阅读理解【题型易-考试题型精练】高一下学期英语单元话题中心题型梯度训练 月考突破 题型特训（人教版2019）

专题-S321阅读理解 人教版必修三 题型特训 UNIT 2 Morals and Virtues 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·吉林·期中）In 4-H Club, you’ve developed your passion. You’ve found your purpose. You’ve inspired others and now you’re moving forward. The 4-H Youth in Action program shows various stories and the leadership of 4-H youth who are making a difference in their communities every day. It is an excellent community of 4-H ers who are preparing for their future while showing how 4-H change their lives and equip them to change the lives of others. Awards & Recognition All Youth in Action program applicants (申请人) will receive storytelling training from national 4-H professionals, and get admission into our national 4-H story database. For the four award winners, they will receive a scholarship for higher education, to be paid directly to the institution (机构), including two-year and four-year colleges, trade schools or other advanced learning opportunities. Besides, the winners can get a year of national opportunities to serve as a spokesperson and key thought leader in their program area. Application Requirements Applicants should be between ages 14-19. Respond to short-answer questions regarding your 4-H story. Two aspects should be included in your application: Describe how 4-H affected you and describe a project, program, 4-H activity or series of activities in which you showed leadership. Your story should highlight (突出) a description of experiences, not just a list of achievements. Selection Process Online Application: Applications will open on January 29th and should be submitted (提交) no later than April 1st. Finalist Selection &Virtual Interview: National 4-H Council will review all applications and select finalists for the scholarship program. Finalists will be required to participate in a virtual 1: 1 interview on May 20. Award Winner Selection: Finalists will be reviewed by a selection committee and will be informed of their status by National 4-H Council on July 6. 1. What can every applicant get? A．Local community acceptance. B．Special events invitation from 4-H Club. C．A scholarship for two-year higher education. D．Storytelling training and access to a database. 2. What is required of the applicants? A．Being no less than 18 years old. B．Highlighting their achievements. C．Giving a speech about a 4-H project. D．Answering questions about their 4-H experience. 3. When is the interview conducted? A．On January 29th. B．Before April 1st. C．On May 20th. D．After July 6th. Passage 2 （23-24高一下·吉林·期末）As a high school student, you might be wondering what you can do now to help change the world and better your community. Fortunately, plenty of volunteer opportunities are available to help you do those things. Habitat for Humanity Related majors: Architecture, Construction Management and Technology Habitat for Humanity helps low-income individuals and families build or improve their homes. Volunteering here will give you a great insight into how large-scale projects are organized and carried out. Plus, you’ll learn real-life home repair skills that can be useful later in life regardless of your career path. The Humane (人道的) Society of the United States Related majors: Animal Science, Biology The Humane Society of the United States aims to create a humane and sustainable world for all animals. As a volunteer, you could walk dogs and do the cleaning at a shelter, or even help out at one of its clinics. National Park Service Related majors: Environmental Science and Studies, Ecology If you love nature and want to help preserve the environment, consider volunteering with the National Park Service. Whether you’re working in the visitor center or monitoring wildlife in the area, you’ll learn a lot about the preservation of nature. Goodwill Industries International Related majors: Social Work, Counseling (咨询) Volunteering with Goodwill Industries International is a great way to make a difference. This organization is devoted to providing employment, education, and skill-building opportunities for people around the world. As a volunteer, you can help people build skills, get jobs, and strengthen their finances, which can give you an inside look into how these types of social services function and succeed. 1. Which organization will you join if you are an animal lover? A．Habitat for Humanity. B．National Park Service. C．Goodwill Industries International. D．The Humane Society of the United States. 2. What is special about the National Park Service? A．It allows students to improve building skills. B．It helps students contact with more visitors. C．It suits students majoring in Biology and Ecology. D．It brings students close to nature and its preservation. 3. What can you obtain in both Habitat for Humanity and Goodwill Industries International? A．Home repair skills. B．Experience with large projects. C．A chance to work with people in need. D．An inside look into the donation system. Passage 3 （23-24高一下·广东揭阳·期末）Many inventors have left their marks on history in their own ways. Although there are inventors who you might not know, that doesn’t mean their contributions to science are less significant. Keep reading to learn about some famous inventors. John Deere John Deere is best known for being an inventor in the agricultural space. When the blacksmith noticed he was often making the same repairs to wood and cast-iron plows used by farmers, he began experimenting with more durable plow designs, which he then sold to local farmers. His steel plows exploded in popularity among many farmers, with Deere’s company (also called John Deere) producing 1,600 plows in 1850. That same year, the company started producing other tools in addition to plows. Charles Babbage If you’re reading this on a computer, you have mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage to thank. Although he didn’t invent the computer as we know it today, his ideas laid the groundwork for modern computers. Because of this, he’s often referred to as “the father of computing”. Steve Jobs Along with Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs was an inventor behind Apple Computers. As the now-famous story goes, Jobs and Wozniak started Apple Computers in Jobs’ family’s garage in 1976, and the work they did there made computers more accessible and more affordable for consumers. Jobs left Apple in 1985, but he returned in 1997 and revitalized the company, leading to the creation of products like the iPod and iPhone. Joy Mangano If you’ve ever used a Miracle Mop, you have Joy Mangano to thank. The 67-year-old created the innovative cleaning tool in 1990, which she marketed and sold herself. A couple of years after inventing the device, she appeared on QVC to sell it, where more than 18,000 mops were sold within a half hour. In addition to the Miracle Mop, Mangano is the creator of Rolykit, Huggable Hangers, and Forever Fragrant. 1. What inspired John Deere to invent steel plows? A．His eagerness to earn money. B．His dream of becoming an inventor. C．The frequent repairs that he had to make. D．The high price of the wood and cast-iron plows. 2. Why do people refer to Charles Babbage as “the father of computing”? A．He invented the computer. B．He formed the basis for modern computers. C．He was a great mathematician and inventor. D．He was the person who first had the idea of reading on a computer. 3. Who made it easier for busy parents to keep the house clean? A．John Deere. B．Charles Babbage. C．Steve Jobs. D．Joy Mangano. Passage 4 （23-24高一下·山东潍坊·期末）GROUP VOLUNTEER PROJECTS Schedule a project for your school, work team, non-profit, club, youth group, faith group, etc. Gather your group members and work together on a fun service project that makes a difference in your parks and community! Our volunteer programs are great team experiences for community organizations, youth groups and schools. Take a break from your routine, get outside get your hands dirty, and enjoy your spectacular national parks next door. No experience necessary. We provide all of the tools, training, and leadership. 3-Hour Volunteer Projects Include: Types of Volunteer Projects: ●Teambuilding                    ●Habitat Restoration ●Energizing Activity                ●Historic Gardens ●Hands-On Learning                ●Historic Landscapes ●Native Plant Nurseries SCHEDULING A GROUP PROGRAM STEP1：LEND A HAND | FIND A VOLUNTEER PROJECT Select a project(s) from our List of Available Projects. Submit a Group Project Request Form and let us know the project(s) you would like to join.STEP2：WAIT FOR CONFIRMATION If you selected an available project(s), we will respond to you soon with next steps. Please note, spring is our busiest season — all requests may take longer than usual.STEP3：PREPARE YOUR TEAM Once you receive a confirmation, share the details with your team. Make sure your team is prepared to be outside, to get dirty, and to have a great day in the parks. There, you’ll be working alongside experienced park staff.MORE INFORMATION QUESTIONS? Contact us at volunteer@parksconservancy.org or 415-561-3044. Thank you for your service and support! It takes many hands to care for and protect our parks. We look forward to working with you and your team! 1. What is a feature of the Group Volunteer Projects? A．Offering no tools. B．Focusing on individuals. C．Requiring no experience. D．Including a sightseeing tour. 2. What are you expected to do when scheduling a group program? A．Create a project of your own. B．Make your team fully prepared. C．Get the confirmation instantly. D．Buy necessary tools and uniforms. 3. What is the aim of the Group Volunteer Projects? A．To preserve local parks. B．To design new natural parks. C．To help local people in need. D．To conduct scientific research. Passage 5 （23-24高一下·贵州遵义·期末）Four people receive Harvard honorary degrees, including an educator, a conductor, a writer, and a Nobel prize-winner. Lawrence S. Bacow Honorary President of Harvard University, Larry Bacow is admired for his decades of distinguished leadership in higher education. As Harvard’s 29th president from 2018 to 2023, he worked to improve changes in areas including climate change and engineering, the future of cities, natural and artificial intelligence, and the remain of slavery (奴隶制). His numerous honors include the ACE’s Lifetime Achievement Award. Gustavo Adolfo Dudamel Ramírez Known for his energetic musicianship and his devotion to the power of the arts, Gustavo Dudamel is an internationally famous conductor. Named one of Time’s most influential people in 2009, he has received such honors as Spain’s Gold Medal for Merit in Fine Arts, the Konex Foundation Classical Music Award, and the International Society for the Performing Arts’ Distinguished Artist Award. Joy Harjo-Sapulpa Joy Harjo is a well-known poet, educator, author, playwright, and musician. She served as the 23rd U.S. Poet Laureate, only the second Poet Laureate to serve three terms. A member of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, whose work draws deeply on native histories and traditions and on themes of remembering history and being beyond oneself, she is the author of 10 books of poetry, including “Weaving Sundown in a Scarlet Light: 50 Poems for 50 Years.” Maria A．Ressa Maria Ressa is a fearless journalist and media change maker known for her determined devotion to safeguarding freedom of the media and pushing on the quest of truth. Her many honors include a share of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2021 for her efforts to encourage free expression, to attack disinformation, and to reflect misuse of power in her native country, the Philippines. She was named a Time Person of the Year in 2018. 1. Which area does Lawrence work in? A．Music. B．Media. C．Education. D．Literature. 2. What do Gustavo and Joy have in common? A．They are winners of Poet Laureate. B．They are well-known experts in music. C．They are members of the Muscogee Nation. D．They are named Time’s most influential people. 3. What’s the reason for Maria’s winning the Nobel Peace Prize? A．Ending the misuse of power. B．Encouraging free expression. C．Safeguarding her native country. D．Being a Time Person of the Year. Passage 6 （23-24高一下·山东潍坊·期末）This 18-year-old dancer is now one of Gucci’s most well-known models. Elli Goldstein, who has Down Syndrome (唐氏综合征), stars in a Gucci beauty campaign for a mascara product. Her mom says the February photoshoot. now being featured in Italian Vogue, took around six hours. Elli is from Ilford Essex in the UK. This isn’t Elli’s first appearance in the worldwide spotlight. She’s been featured in London’s famous National Portrait Gallery and has danced at the Royal Opera House. The model has appeared in TV commercials and videos for a famous film festival. She even made a dance video of her own during the pandemic (流行病) to cheer people up. “Elli was born to have this outgoing personality. She loves the camera. She loves the films. ” Her mom says nothing holds her back. She lives life to the fullest. That positive energy appears to be paying off. Elli’s modeling picture posted on the Gucci beauty Instagram account was the most liked post ever. “We want to increase the representation of people who have until now been excluded in the media,” said Peterson, Elli’s agent. “You know, it’s about time that we welcomed different models with different disability.” “Just follow our dreams and add passions to our life.” The photographer for Elli’s Gucci photoshoot says he aims to show that beauty is everywhere. It exists in every person. 1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Elli’s appearance. B．Elli’s inspiration. C．Elli’s childhood life. D．Elli’s achievements. 2. Which of the following best describes Elli? A．Determined and positive. B．Optimistic and easygoing. C．Respectful and straight. D．Honest and fashionable. 3. Which of the following words can replace the underlined word in Para.4? A．Resisted. B．Criticized. C．Admitted. D．Highlighted. 4. What does the photographer want to convey? A．Better late than never. B．Life is full of the unexpected. C．Beauty has no boundaries. D．Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Passage 7 （23-24高一下·辽宁大连·期末）The founder of Earth Day was Gaylord Nelson, then a U.S. Senator (参议员). During the late 1960s, Americans experienced the unexpected side effects of high productivity of industry. Factories were giving out smoke while leaded petrol were used for vehicles, making air pollution increasingly severe. What moved Senator Nelson to action was the 1969 massive oil spill (溢出) in California, which had killed about 3,500 sea birds, besides sea animals like dolphins and seals, causing great public anger. Inspired by the student antiwar movement at that time, Nelson found it a proper time to channel the energy of the students towards a fight for environmental protection. And the sure-fire way was through public pressure. Thus Earth Day was born in 1970, and public environmental awareness took center stage. On 22nd April 1970, millions of Americans took to the streets to demonstrate for a sustainable environment and thousands of students marched against the worsening environment. Different groups were now working together for a shared goal — environmental conservation and the effort became effective. The government took tougher measures and affected businesses were forced to follow standards. As environmental issues were not just localized ones but a global concern, the year 1990 saw Earth Day reach out to many more around the world. Earth Day 1990 helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, bringing together many nations for a joint effort towards protecting the environment. For his role as founder of Earth Day, Senator Nelson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995), the highest honour in the USA, by then US President Clinton. We salute (致敬) the man, as the fight for cleaner environment continues. 1. What motivated Senator Nelson to start Earth Day? A．High productivity of industry. B．Increasingly severe air pollution. C．The 1969 oil spill in the USA． D．The students’ involvement in war. 2. What played an essential role in the birth of Earth Day? A．Students’ movement. B．Strict regulations. C．Government’s measures. D．Public pressure. 3. In which year did Earth Day start to draw the world’s attention? A．1970. B．1990. C．1992. D．1995. 4. What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The establishment of Earth Day. B．The effort of going green globally. C．Fighting for cleaner environment. D．Honoring the founder of Earth Day. Passage 8 （23-24高一下·河北邯郸·期中）Traveling to a farm and spending several hours a day getting your hands dirty might sound like an unusual way to spend a vacation. WWOOF, or “Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms”, is an organization that helps travelers go on “volunteering vacations” on organic farms. The idea is simple: travelers volunteer on farms for around four to six hours a day in exchange for free accommodation and meals. The duration (时长) of “vacation” could be a few days or a few weeks. Volunteers may be given different tasks, based on the type of farm they’re on. These may include things like gardening, cutting wood, feeding animals, or even making cheese or wine. But “WWOOFing” is about more than that. The aim is for travelers and farmers to take part in a cultural and educational exchange, while helping people spend time in nature. At least, that’s what Sue Coppard had in mind when she started the organization. In 1971, Coppard was working as a secretary in London, but she wanted to spend more time in the countryside. So, she thought it might be a good idea to stay and work on a farm. And since she worried that she would be lonely, she asked others to join her. After a successful trial weekend at a farm in Sussex, England, with 15 volunteers, more people started showing interest in working on farms, and more organic farmers said they were willing to host workers. Today, it’s possible to go WWOOFing in more than 130 countries, according to the website. You don’t need any farming experience—just a positive attitude and a willingness to learn! 1. What can we know about WWOOF? A．It offers flexible length of holiday. B．It was set up by an experienced farmer. C．It focuses on farming in the same way. D．It is an organization to help people in need. 2. What could we do as a WWOOF volunteer? A．Enjoy urban scenery. B．Do some farm-related work. C．Raise animals for money. D．Protect the environment on the farm. 3. Why did Sue Coppard set up WWOOF? A．She was interested in organic farming. B．She felt lonely every now and then. C．She was tired of being a secretary. D．She loved to get close to nature. 4. What is the main purpose of the text? A．To promote organic farming. B．To share experiences about farming. C．To introduce a new way of spending vacation. D．To advertise cultural and educational exchange. Passage 9 （23-24高一下·福建宁德·阶段练习）“Colour” and “color” , “favourite” and “favorite” , “honour” and “honor” …Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a “u”? Is it because they are lazy? Of course not. In fact, the difference in spelling was started by Noah Webster (1758-1843). He was a teacher who reformed (改革) English to make American identity (特征) stronger. Linguists (语言学家) celebrate his birthday on October 16 every year. After the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary, rather than rely on British dictionaries. He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like what they sounded. He used “subway” instead of British word “underground”. Some other examples are “soccer” and “football”, “fall” and “autumn”. Webster wasn’t shy about expressing his opinions. In defining (定义) preposterous (unreasonable), he wrote: “A republican government in the hands of female is preposterous.” Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary with his American-style spelling in 1828. He also added local words. His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new country achieve unity (统一) and cultural independence at a time when most people cared about political freedom. “He was the creator of our language and the creator of American identity,” said Joshua Kendall, who is working on a book about Webster. “He at last brought us together through our language.” 1. What does the underlined phrase “rely on” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．depend on. B．believe. C．endure. D．abandon. 2. Which is NOT true about Webster’s dictionary? A．It has local words in it. B．It is a 70,000-word dictionary. C．All the words are spelled without “u”. D．Its words are in American-style spelling. 3. What do people think of Webster’s dictionary? A．It is the only dictionary that Americans still use today. B．It helped to bring Americans together besides its cultural influence. C．It has no influence on the development of American English. D．It helped to make American English more useful than British English. 4. What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The development of the British English. B．American English is better than British English. C．Noah Webster added local words to the dictionary. D．Noah Webster wrote an American English dictionary and reformed English. Passage 10 （23-24高一下·贵州贵阳·期末）Sia Godika was 13 when she noticed the barefoot children of construction workers at a building site near her house. “Their feet were bare. Cracked (开裂的)! Dirty! Bleeding!” reflects Sia, now 17. “They were just walking around that building site.” And it was at that moment that Sia realized the troubling contrast to her own privilege (优待). “I went back home, looked at my own feet and thought. Wow, I’m 13 years old. My feet are so tender. These children are just seven or eight...”She describes opening her wardrobe (衣柜) doors and seeing shoes, many of which hadn’t been worn for months or years. Then she rushed to give them all away to the same children she saw at the building site. Later that year, with the help of her parents and community volunteers, Sia founded Sole Warriors, a charity aimed at providing footwear to those in need, with the slogan: “Donate a sole, save a soul.” After that, she spread the word with posters and WhatsApp groups, then enquires (咨询) from people who wanted to help came flooding in. Now in its fifth year, the organization runs activities to collect used footwear, repairs it and donates the finished products to people in need. In its first activity, Sole Warriors collected and gave out 700 pairs of shoes. Today that number reaches around 28.000 across the UK. the United States. China and Liberia. thanks to the hard work of a core team of about 80 volunteers. But the organization’s growth also faced challenges. “Being a 13-year-old. I did encounter a lot of bus (偏见) because at my age. people were less willing to he ar me out,” says Sia. In 2021, Sia was given the Diana Award, which was awarded by a UK-based charity of the same name. It’s one of the greatest honors a young person can receive for social action or humanitarian (人道主义的) work. But her work is still on the road. “Our goal has always been to touch a million feet,” she says. 1. How did Sia feel when she saw the barefoot children at the first sight? A．Excited. B．Confused. C．Shocked. D．Frightened. 2. What is the main purpose of Sole Warriors? A．To collect and sell used shoes. B．To train volunteers in shoe repair. C．To provide footwear for the needy. D．To make posters and spread messages. 3. Which words can best describe Sia’s qualities? A．Open-minded and calm. B．Warm-hearted and responsible. C．Easy-going and honest. D．Hard-working and humorous. 4. What can we infer from Sia’s future plan for Sole Warriors? A．S he decides to retire from Sole Warriors soon. B．She hopes to inspire more volunteers to join them. C．She intends to focus on other humanitarian issues. D．She aims to increase the number of collected shoes. Passage 11 （23-24高一下·黑龙江牡丹江·期末）Amelia Earhart was born on July 24, 1897, in Atchison, Kansas. She was the elder of Edwin Stanton and Amy Otis Earhart’s two daughters. Childhood was not happy for the two bright sisters. Their father was an alcoholic (酒鬼) and lost jobs often. The family traveled a great deal. The girls often recited poetry while doing their chores but also loved sports, including basketball and tennis. Their parents encouraged them to try new things. During the war Amelia worked as a military nurse in Canada and later she became a social worker and taught English to immigrant children. Besides work, Amelia had one hobby. She enjoyed watching airplane stunt (特技) shows, which were popular in the 1920s. Then one day she took a 10-minute plane ride and knew what her vocation would be. After 10 hours of instruction and several crashes, Amelia was ready to fly. She made her first solo flight in 1921. The flight went well. Till 1928, flying was only her hobby. This changed when Amelia received a call from Captain Hilton H Railey. He asked her to join pilots Wilmer Stultz and Louis Gordon on a flight from the United States to England. Though Amelia was just a passenger, she became the first woman to cross the Atlantic. After this, Amelia got great publicity. In May 1932, she crossed the Atlantic alone and set a new transatlantic (横渡大西洋的) crossing record of 13 hours and 30 minutes. She received a medal from American President Herbert Hoover for this. Several years later, she became the first woman to fly from California to Hawaii, which was a difficult route. Amelia’s last flight began in June 1937. She and navigator Fred Noonan set out to fly around the world. They were in a twin-engine plane. The two of them took off from Miami in America to South America. Then they crossed the South Atlantic Ocean to Dakar in Africa. From there to Thailand to Australia. However, after they left Lae in New Guinea for Howland Island, the American coast guard lost contact with the plane. Despite an extensive search, the American Navy never found a trace of either the plane or the aviators. Their disappearance is still a mystery. 1. Why did Earhart have an unhappy childhood? A．Because the family traveled a great deal. B．Because she had to do some housework. C．Because she was the elder of the two daughters. D．Because her father was often drunk and out of work. 2. What did Earhart decide to do? A．She would learn to fly a plane. B．She would buy an airplane herself. C．She would watch airplane stunt shows. D．She would teach English to immigrant children. 3. Why was Earhart given a medal from American President? A．She was the first woman to cross the Atlantic. B．She was the first pilot to cross the Atlantic alone. C．She crossed the Atlantic alone and set a new record. D．She was the first woman to fly around the world. 4. What can we infer about Earhart from the passage? A．Her parents wanted her to be a poet. B．She had many kinds of interests. C．Her wish was to become a nurse. D．Her parents didn’t let her do any housework. Passage 12 （23-24高一下·山东菏泽·期末）Liz Murray’s life began in the Bronx in1980 in a pretty typical way — she had two parents and a sister, and she had a home to live in with them. But that life quickly turned bad. While the parents thoughtlessly spent almost every penny, Liz and her sister almost starved to death. Liz started her education in 1985. She lived in a dirty home and was self-conscious of the unpleasant smell that she gave off from her unwashed body and dirty clothing. The shame caused her to choose not to attend school and stay home. When Liz was 11, her mother suffered a serious illness. The following year, Liz’s parents separated. Her sister was with her mother, while Liz decided to stay with her father. At age 13, Child Welfare took Liz into care. Eventually, Liz was returned to her mother. Liz began attending junior high school and became friends with her classmates. In 1996, Liz’s mother passed away, and after that she became homeless. She suddenly realized, “If I could have a family and a home one night and all of them were gone the next that means that life has the ability to change. That means that just as change happens to me so I can cause change in my life.” This caused Liz to make her first real promise — to high school. She heard about alternative (另类的) high schools and went to as many school interviews as she could. After repeated rejections, Liz met Perry Weiner, the head of Humanities Preparatory Academy. Perry offered her admission to the school, where she finished a four-year high school program in just two years while still living on the streets. From pumping gas at gas stations, to working as a waitress, to walking dogs, she did just about anything to earn money so that she could survive and pay for her study. Perry later encouraged her to apply to Harvard University, telling her although it was a goal that seemed out of reach, it was not impossible, Liz took his advice. Not only did she graduate at the top of her class, but she also won a scholarship. Her success didn’t stop there. All her hard work paid off when she was accepted by Harvard. Now Liz’s an inspirational speaker. 1. What can we learn about Liz? A．She was born into a broken family. B．She received little care from her parents. C．She has had no fixed place to live since birth. D．She had to go to a child welfare organization at 11. 2. Why was Liz unwilling to go to school when she was a pupil? A．She didn’t want to be laughed at. B．She had to care for her sick mother. C．She had to work to support the family. D．She wanted to save money for the family. 3. What made Liz so determined to attend high school? A．The death of her mother. B．The influence of her friend. C．The support of her father and sister. D．The encouragement of Perry Weiner. 4. What does Liz’s story tell us? A．Love can make a difference. B．Nothing is easy at the top level. C．It always seems impossible until it’s done. D．Gratitude is the fastest shortcut to happiness. Passage 13 （23-24高一下·福建泉州·期末）When it comes to sustainability (可持续性), Lauren Singer is the real deal. Known for her “Trash is For Tossers” blog and Package Free lifestyle shop, Singer is leading by example with a single mason jar (广口瓶) containing the only trash (垃圾) she’s collected in eight years (yes, you read that correctly). With recent money support from some companies, Singer is focused on becoming the largest producer of sustainable products in the world. It all started when Singer was studying at New York University. As an Environmental Science student, she was getting mad at a classmate for making much plastic trash, but later she found every single thing in her own fridge was in one way or another packaged in plastic. It turned out she was as bad. So, she decided to move from plastics and thought the only way was to learn how to make her own products. Then, while she was doing research online, she came across a blog called the “Zero Waste Home” started by a Californian family who live a completely zero-waste life. Her mind was completely blown. Originally, she thought she was doing the best for the planet by not using plastic. But the idea of producing no trash was so inspiring that she began her zero-waste journey and explored the possibility of living a waste-free life. She started by stopping buying packaged food and making her own products. Besides, instead of buying new clothing, she would buy things that were totally recycled, second-hand. She was also downsized — had only the things that she really needed. In 2014, Lauren Singer founded her blog, “Trash is for Tossers”, to document her waste-free journey, as well as provide easy, actionable tips and tricks to living sustainably. She is becoming increasingly popular and has even been invited to lecture at the United Nations to promote her zero-waste lifestyle: “Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.” By taking simple action, everyone can contribute to the environment. 1. What can we learn about Lauren Singer? A．She founded a blog to collect trash. B．She produced little trash in eight years. C．She prefers to keep trash in mason jars. D．She reduces the cost of sustainable products. 2. What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．What inspired Singer’s reflection on college life. B．How Singer learned to make her own products. C．What led to Singer’s journey to zero waste. D．How Singer thought about plastic-free life. 3. What is the first step in Singer’s new lifestyle? A．Giving up plastic products. B．Buying second-hand things. C．Avoiding packaged food. D．Providing actionable recycling tips. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Meet zero-waste activist Lauren Singer B．Gather more support to ensure sustainability C．Trash is for Tossers-a way to a zero waste life D．DIY products-contributions to a better environment Passage 14 （23-24高一下·湖南郴州·期末）After almost a century, Lin Huiyin, a Chinese architecture student at the University of Pennsylvania between 1924 and 1927, will be awarded a late Bachelor of Architecture diploma by the Stuart Weitzman School of Design. At the May 18, 2024, Weitzman Commencement Ceremony, the School will award Lin, arguably the first and most famous female architect in modern China, “a late posthumous Bachelor of Architecture degree”, stated an article titled “An Architectural Pioneer Receives Her Due,” published by Penn on Sunday. Lin Huiyin, along with her husband Liang Sicheng, who was also a famous Chinese architect, traveled to the United States in 1924 and studied in Penn’s architecture program. However, Pennsylvania’s architecture program rejected the admission application of this Chinese woman because it did not admit female students until 1934. As a result, Lin had to study in the only department that accepted female students, the School of Fine Arts. But she actively participated in architecture studios, took courses in design theory, drawing, and architectural history, and worked as an assistant in architectural design, often more excellent than her male peers. She completed most of the coursework required for a Bachelor of Architecture degree. The only exceptions were a drawing course that was not open to female students because it featured male models. “Upon closer examination, it became clear that she would have got a degree if she were a man,” said Fritz Steiner, Weitzman Dean, and Paley Professor, “It’s not right, and this is an opportunity to correct that.” Lin’s daughter, 94-year-old Liang Zaibing, said, “A hundred years later, my mother is being recognized by her Alma Mater (母校). This reminds me of her bravery and determination when she chose to major in architecture. She proved throughout her life that she was a true architect.” 1. What do we know about Lin Huiyin? A．She hasn’t been able to graduate until now. B．She is the first and most famous architect in the world. C．She completed all the coursework required by a degree. D．She studied at the University of Pennsylvania between 1924 and 1927. 2. Why didn’t Lin Huiyin get the admission to Penn’s architecture programme before 1934? A．Because she was a woman. B．Because she was Chinese. C．Because of her appearance. D．Because of her academic performance. 3. What did Lin’s daughter say in the last paragraph? A．Lin inspired her to learn architecture. B．She was reminded of her original intention. C．Lin finally proved that she was a real architect. D．She was determined to become an architect in the future. 4. Which of the following can best describe Lin Huiyin? A．Modest and intelligent. B．Humorous and generous. C．Excellent and determined. D．Considerate and ambitious. Passage 15 （23-24高一下·安徽亳州·期末）When Italy first went into a coronavirus (冠状病毒) lockdown, Khabane Lame had just lost his job at a factory. He spent his days at his parents’ home, looking for other jobs. One day, he downloaded TikTok and started fooling with it in his bedroom, posting videos of himself. And gradually, a surprising career was born. In most of his videos, he lampoons (讽刺) videos of people doing overly complicated life skills by responding with a simplified, more logical way of doing the same task. Lame does it all without saying a word. On TikTok, his silence speaks volumes. “I came up with the idea because I was seeing these videos going on air, and I liked the idea of bringingsome simplicity to it,” Lame told CNN in a recent video interview. “The type of gesture came by chance, but the silence didn’t. I thought of a way to make connections across cultures. And the best way was not to speak.” In one video, Lame reacts to a video of a woman noisily peeling a cucumber with her teeth by using a vegetable peeler to accomplish the same task. After his common-sense approach to a task, Lame extends his arms with his palms facing upward, as if to say duh (咄，表轻蔑). Sometimes he throws in an eye roll or a shake of the head. Now Lame is the most popular man on TikTok, with 114 million followers. Lame declined to say how much money he makes, although the biggest social media stars can earn millions of dollars a year from their content. He said his biggest purchase since he became famous is an iPhone 12 so he can shoot better videos. “I’m not buying anything crazy,” he said. But his life is a far cry from his days as a jobless young man living with his parents. He says his mother and father are proud of his success. Lame now lives with his agent in Milan. His posts get thumbs-ups from celebrities, including his idol, actor Will Smith. And as more TikTok stars sign deals with movie companies. Lame hopes to accomplish a childhood dream and work with Smith on a project. Meanwhile, he’ll continue targeting ridiculous life tricks — with his dull silence. 1. What was the original purpose for Lame to play on TikKok? A．To look for a job. B．To earn money. C．To kill time. D．To make friends. 2. Why does Lame keep silent in his videos? A．To avoid troubling his family. B．To go with his gestures. C．To arouse interest from his audiences. D．To reach as many people as possible. 3. How does Lame consider his success? A．It is worth nothing. B．It comes so easily. C．It’s the most important thing for him. D．It’s nothing to show off. 4. What is Lame’s dream? A．To make money as much as possible. B．To play in a film. C．To get himself known by more people. D．To make friends worldwide. 高一下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$专题-S321阅读理解 人教版必修三 题型特训 UNIT 2 Morals and Virtues 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5 二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10 三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·吉林·期中）In 4-H Club, you’ve developed your passion. You’ve found your purpose. You’ve inspired others and now you’re moving forward. The 4-H Youth in Action program shows various stories and the leadership of 4-H youth who are making a difference in their communities every day. It is an excellent community of 4-H ers who are preparing for their future while showing how 4-H change their lives and equip them to change the lives of others. Awards & Recognition All Youth in Action program applicants (申请人) will receive storytelling training from national 4-H professionals, and get admission into our national 4-H story database. For the four award winners, they will receive a scholarship for higher education, to be paid directly to the institution (机构), including two-year and four-year colleges, trade schools or other advanced learning opportunities. Besides, the winners can get a year of national opportunities to serve as a spokesperson and key thought leader in their program area. Application Requirements Applicants should be between ages 14-19. Respond to short-answer questions regarding your 4-H story. Two aspects should be included in your application: Describe how 4-H affected you and describe a project, program, 4-H activity or series of activities in which you showed leadership. Your story should highlight (突出) a description of experiences, not just a list of achievements. Selection Process Online Application: Applications will open on January 29th and should be submitted (提交) no later than April 1st. Finalist Selection &Virtual Interview: National 4-H Council will review all applications and select finalists for the scholarship program. Finalists will be required to participate in a virtual 1: 1 interview on May 20. Award Winner Selection: Finalists will be reviewed by a selection committee and will be informed of their status by National 4-H Council on July 6. 1. What can every applicant get? A．Local community acceptance. B．Special events invitation from 4-H Club. C．A scholarship for two-year higher education. D．Storytelling training and access to a database. 2. What is required of the applicants? A．Being no less than 18 years old. B．Highlighting their achievements. C．Giving a speech about a 4-H project. D．Answering questions about their 4-H experience. 3. When is the interview conducted? A．On January 29th. B．Before April 1st. C．On May 20th. D．After July 6th. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 【导语】本文是应用文。4-H青少年行动计划展示了年轻人在社区中发挥的领导作用，并为青少年提供教育奖学金和更多发言机会。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“All Youth in Action program applicants (申请人) will receive storytelling training from national 4-H professionals, and get admission into our national 4-H story database. (所有参与“青年在行动”项目申请的人将从国家4-H专业人士那里接受讲故事培训，并能进入我们的国家4-H故事数据库。)”可知，所有青年行动计划的申请者将接受国家4-H专业人士的讲故事培训，他们可进入国家4-H故事数据库。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Respond to short-answer questions regarding your 4-H story. (回答有关你的4-H故事的简答题。)”可知，参与者要回答关于自己的4-H体验的简短问题。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Finalists will be required to participate in a virtual 1: 1 interview on May 20. (决赛选手将需要在5月20日参加一个虚拟的一对一面试。)”可知，入围者将被要求参加于5月20日举办的虚拟面试。故选C项。 Passage 2 （23-24高一下·吉林·期末）As a high school student, you might be wondering what you can do now to help change the world and better your community. Fortunately, plenty of volunteer opportunities are available to help you do those things. Habitat for Humanity Related majors: Architecture, Construction Management and Technology Habitat for Humanity helps low-income individuals and families build or improve their homes. Volunteering here will give you a great insight into how large-scale projects are organized and carried out. Plus, you’ll learn real-life home repair skills that can be useful later in life regardless of your career path. The Humane (人道的) Society of the United States Related majors: Animal Science, Biology The Humane Society of the United States aims to create a humane and sustainable world for all animals. As a volunteer, you could walk dogs and do the cleaning at a shelter, or even help out at one of its clinics. National Park Service Related majors: Environmental Science and Studies, Ecology If you love nature and want to help preserve the environment, consider volunteering with the National Park Service. Whether you’re working in the visitor center or monitoring wildlife in the area, you’ll learn a lot about the preservation of nature. Goodwill Industries International Related majors: Social Work, Counseling (咨询) Volunteering with Goodwill Industries International is a great way to make a difference. This organization is devoted to providing employment, education, and skill-building opportunities for people around the world. As a volunteer, you can help people build skills, get jobs, and strengthen their finances, which can give you an inside look into how these types of social services function and succeed. 1. Which organization will you join if you are an animal lover? A．Habitat for Humanity. B．National Park Service. C．Goodwill Industries International. D．The Humane Society of the United States. 2. What is special about the National Park Service? A．It allows students to improve building skills. B．It helps students contact with more visitors. C．It suits students majoring in Biology and Ecology. D．It brings students close to nature and its preservation. 3. What can you obtain in both Habitat for Humanity and Goodwill Industries International? A．Home repair skills. B．Experience with large projects. C．A chance to work with people in need. D．An inside look into the donation system. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐了一些适合高中生参加的慈善组织。 1. 细节理解题。根据“The Humane (人道的) Society of the United States”部分中的“The Humane Society of the United States aims to create a humane and sustainable world for all animals. As a volunteer, you could walk dogs and do the cleaning at a shelter, or even help out at one of its clinics.(美国人道协会旨在为所有动物创造一个人道和可持续发展的世界。作为一名志愿者，你可以在收容所遛狗、打扫卫生，甚至在诊所帮忙。)”可知，如果你是一个动物爱好者可以参加美国人道主义协会。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据“National Park Service”部分中的“Whether you’re working in the visitor center or monitoring wildlife in the area, you’ll learn a lot about the preservation of nature.(无论你是在游客中心工作还是在该地区监测野生动物，你都会学到很多关于自然保护的知识。)”可知，国家公园管理局的特别之处是它使学生接近自然、了解自然保护。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据“Habitat for Humanity”部分中的“Volunteering here will give you a great insight into how large-scale projects are organized and carried out.(在这里做志愿者会让你深入了解大型项目是如何组织和实施的。)”和“Goodwill Industries International”部分中的“As a volunteer, you can help people build skills, get jobs, and strengthen their finances, which can give you an inside look into how these types of social services function and succeed.(作为一名志愿者，你可以帮助人们培养技能，找到工作，并改善他们的财务状况，这可以让你深入了解这些类型的社会服务是如何运作和成功的。)”可知，从仁人家园和善意实业国际可以获得参与大型项目的经验。故选B。 Passage 3 （23-24高一下·广东揭阳·期末）Many inventors have left their marks on history in their own ways. Although there are inventors who you might not know, that doesn’t mean their contributions to science are less significant. Keep reading to learn about some famous inventors. John Deere John Deere is best known for being an inventor in the agricultural space. When the blacksmith noticed he was often making the same repairs to wood and cast-iron plows used by farmers, he began experimenting with more durable plow designs, which he then sold to local farmers. His steel plows exploded in popularity among many farmers, with Deere’s company (also called John Deere) producing 1,600 plows in 1850. That same year, the company started producing other tools in addition to plows. Charles Babbage If you’re reading this on a computer, you have mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage to thank. Although he didn’t invent the computer as we know it today, his ideas laid the groundwork for modern computers. Because of this, he’s often referred to as “the father of computing”. Steve Jobs Along with Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs was an inventor behind Apple Computers. As the now-famous story goes, Jobs and Wozniak started Apple Computers in Jobs’ family’s garage in 1976, and the work they did there made computers more accessible and more affordable for consumers. Jobs left Apple in 1985, but he returned in 1997 and revitalized the company, leading to the creation of products like the iPod and iPhone. Joy Mangano If you’ve ever used a Miracle Mop, you have Joy Mangano to thank. The 67-year-old created the innovative cleaning tool in 1990, which she marketed and sold herself. A couple of years after inventing the device, she appeared on QVC to sell it, where more than 18,000 mops were sold within a half hour. In addition to the Miracle Mop, Mangano is the creator of Rolykit, Huggable Hangers, and Forever Fragrant. 1. What inspired John Deere to invent steel plows? A．His eagerness to earn money. B．His dream of becoming an inventor. C．The frequent repairs that he had to make. D．The high price of the wood and cast-iron plows. 2. Why do people refer to Charles Babbage as “the father of computing”? A．He invented the computer. B．He formed the basis for modern computers. C．He was a great mathematician and inventor. D．He was the person who first had the idea of reading on a computer. 3. Who made it easier for busy parents to keep the house clean? A．John Deere. B．Charles Babbage. C．Steve Jobs. D．Joy Mangano. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了4位著名发明家的事迹。 1. 细节理解题。由John Deere中“When the blacksmith noticed he was often making the same repairs to wood and cast-iron plows used by farmers, he began experimenting with more durable plow designs, which he then sold to local farmers. (当这位铁匠注意到他经常对农民使用的木制和铸铁犁进行同样的维修时，他开始试验更耐用的犁设计，然后卖给当地农民)”可知，不得不经常修理木制和铸铁犁激发了John Deere发明钢犁。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。由Charles Babbage中“Although he didn’t invent the computer as we know it today, his ideas laid the groundwork for modern computers. Because of this, he’s often referred to as “the father of computing”. (尽管他没有发明我们今天所知的计算机，但他的想法为现代计算机奠定了基础。正因为如此，他经常被称为“计算机之父”)”可知，Charles Babbage被称为“计算机之父”是因为他奠定了现代计算机的基础。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。由Joy Mangano中“If you’ve ever used a Miracle Mop, you have Joy Mangano to thank. The 67-year-old created the innovative cleaning tool in 1990, which she marketed and sold herself. (如果你曾经使用过奇迹拖把，那就要感谢Joy Mangano。这位67岁的女士于1990年发明了这种创新的清洁工具，并将其推向市场并出售)”可知，发明奇迹拖把的Joy Mangano让忙碌的父母更容易保持家里的清洁。故选D项。 Passage 4 （23-24高一下·山东潍坊·期末）GROUP VOLUNTEER PROJECTS Schedule a project for your school, work team, non-profit, club, youth group, faith group, etc. Gather your group members and work together on a fun service project that makes a difference in your parks and community! Our volunteer programs are great team experiences for community organizations, youth groups and schools. Take a break from your routine, get outside get your hands dirty, and enjoy your spectacular national parks next door. No experience necessary. We provide all of the tools, training, and leadership. 3-Hour Volunteer Projects Include: Types of Volunteer Projects: ●Teambuilding                    ●Habitat Restoration ●Energizing Activity                ●Historic Gardens ●Hands-On Learning                ●Historic Landscapes ●Native Plant Nurseries SCHEDULING A GROUP PROGRAM STEP1：LEND A HAND | FIND A VOLUNTEER PROJECT Select a project(s) from our List of Available Projects. Submit a Group Project Request Form and let us know the project(s) you would like to join.STEP2：WAIT FOR CONFIRMATION If you selected an available project(s), we will respond to you soon with next steps. Please note, spring is our busiest season — all requests may take longer than usual.STEP3：PREPARE YOUR TEAM Once you receive a confirmation, share the details with your team. Make sure your team is prepared to be outside, to get dirty, and to have a great day in the parks. There, you’ll be working alongside experienced park staff.MORE INFORMATION QUESTIONS? Contact us at volunteer@parksconservancy.org or 415-561-3044. Thank you for your service and support! It takes many hands to care for and protect our parks. We look forward to working with you and your team! 1. What is a feature of the Group Volunteer Projects? A．Offering no tools. B．Focusing on individuals. C．Requiring no experience. D．Including a sightseeing tour. 2. What are you expected to do when scheduling a group program? A．Create a project of your own. B．Make your team fully prepared. C．Get the confirmation instantly. D．Buy necessary tools and uniforms. 3. What is the aim of the Group Volunteer Projects? A．To preserve local parks. B．To design new natural parks. C．To help local people in need. D．To conduct scientific research. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了团体志愿者项目的特点、类型、如何参与以及目标等信息。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“No experience necessary. We provide all of the tools, training, and leadership.(不需要经验。我们提供所有的工具、培训和领导。)”可知，团体志愿者项目不需要经验。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据“SCHEDULING A GROUP PROGRAM”部分的“STEP3：PREPARE YOUR TEAM(第三步：让团队做好准备。) ”以及下文“Once you receive a confirmation, share the details with your team. Make sure your team is prepared to be outside, to get dirty, and to have a great day in the parks.(一旦你收到确认，与你的团队分享细节。确保你的团队准备好去户外，弄脏自己，在公园里度过美好的一天。)”可知，在安排团体活动时，你应该让你的团队做好充分准备。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Thank you for your service and support! It takes many hands to care for and protect our parks. We look forward to working with you and your team!(感谢你的服务和支持！照顾和保护我们的公园需要很多人的努力。我们期待与你和你的团队合作！)”可知，团体志愿者项目的目的是通过社区志愿者的努力来照顾和保护当地的公园。故选A。 Passage 5 （23-24高一下·贵州遵义·期末）Four people receive Harvard honorary degrees, including an educator, a conductor, a writer, and a Nobel prize-winner. Lawrence S. Bacow Honorary President of Harvard University, Larry Bacow is admired for his decades of distinguished leadership in higher education. As Harvard’s 29th president from 2018 to 2023, he worked to improve changes in areas including climate change and engineering, the future of cities, natural and artificial intelligence, and the remain of slavery (奴隶制). His numerous honors include the ACE’s Lifetime Achievement Award. Gustavo Adolfo Dudamel Ramírez Known for his energetic musicianship and his devotion to the power of the arts, Gustavo Dudamel is an internationally famous conductor. Named one of Time’s most influential people in 2009, he has received such honors as Spain’s Gold Medal for Merit in Fine Arts, the Konex Foundation Classical Music Award, and the International Society for the Performing Arts’ Distinguished Artist Award. Joy Harjo-Sapulpa Joy Harjo is a well-known poet, educator, author, playwright, and musician. She served as the 23rd U.S. Poet Laureate, only the second Poet Laureate to serve three terms. A member of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, whose work draws deeply on native histories and traditions and on themes of remembering history and being beyond oneself, she is the author of 10 books of poetry, including “Weaving Sundown in a Scarlet Light: 50 Poems for 50 Years.” Maria A．Ressa Maria Ressa is a fearless journalist and media change maker known for her determined devotion to safeguarding freedom of the media and pushing on the quest of truth. Her many honors include a share of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2021 for her efforts to encourage free expression, to attack disinformation, and to reflect misuse of power in her native country, the Philippines. She was named a Time Person of the Year in 2018. 1. Which area does Lawrence work in? A．Music. B．Media. C．Education. D．Literature. 2. What do Gustavo and Joy have in common? A．They are winners of Poet Laureate. B．They are well-known experts in music. C．They are members of the Muscogee Nation. D．They are named Time’s most influential people. 3. What’s the reason for Maria’s winning the Nobel Peace Prize? A．Ending the misuse of power. B．Encouraging free expression. C．Safeguarding her native country. D．Being a Time Person of the Year. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了四位获得哈佛大学荣誉学位的人物的短文。文章详细描述了他们在各自领域的成就和荣誉。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Honorary President of Harvard University, Larry Bacow is admired for his decades of distinguished leadership in higher education. (哈佛大学的名誉校长拉里·巴科，因其在高等教育领域数十年的杰出领导力而受到尊敬。)”可知，Lawrence S. Bacow工作的领域是教育。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Named one of Time’s most influential people in 2009, he has received such honors as Spain’s Gold Medal for Merit in Fine Arts, the Konex Foundation Classical Music Award, and the International Society for the Performing Arts’ Distinguished Artist Award. (2009年，他被《时代》杂志评为最具影响力的人物之一，他获得了西班牙美术功绩金奖、Konex基金会古典音乐奖和国际表演艺术协会的杰出艺术家奖。)”以及第四段“ Joy Harjo is a well-known poet, educator, author, playwright, and musician.(乔伊·哈乔是一位著名的诗人、教育家、作家、剧作家和音乐家。)”可知，Gustavo Dudamel和Joy Harjo的共同点是他们都是著名的音乐家。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Her many honors include a share of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2021 for her efforts to encourage free expression, to attack disinformation, and to reflect misuse of power in her native country, the Philippines. (她众多荣誉中包括2021年的诺贝尔和平奖，这是为了表彰她鼓励自由表达、攻击虚假信息以及反映其祖国菲律宾的权力滥用所做的努力。)”可知，Maria A. Ressa获得诺贝尔和平奖的原因是鼓励自由表达。故选B项。 Passage 6 （23-24高一下·山东潍坊·期末）This 18-year-old dancer is now one of Gucci’s most well-known models. Elli Goldstein, who has Down Syndrome (唐氏综合征), stars in a Gucci beauty campaign for a mascara product. Her mom says the February photoshoot. now being featured in Italian Vogue, took around six hours. Elli is from Ilford Essex in the UK. This isn’t Elli’s first appearance in the worldwide spotlight. She’s been featured in London’s famous National Portrait Gallery and has danced at the Royal Opera House. The model has appeared in TV commercials and videos for a famous film festival. She even made a dance video of her own during the pandemic (流行病) to cheer people up. “Elli was born to have this outgoing personality. She loves the camera. She loves the films. ” Her mom says nothing holds her back. She lives life to the fullest. That positive energy appears to be paying off. Elli’s modeling picture posted on the Gucci beauty Instagram account was the most liked post ever. “We want to increase the representation of people who have until now been excluded in the media,” said Peterson, Elli’s agent. “You know, it’s about time that we welcomed different models with different disability.” “Just follow our dreams and add passions to our life.” The photographer for Elli’s Gucci photoshoot says he aims to show that beauty is everywhere. It exists in every person. 1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Elli’s appearance. B．Elli’s inspiration. C．Elli’s childhood life. D．Elli’s achievements. 2. Which of the following best describes Elli? A．Determined and positive. B．Optimistic and easygoing. C．Respectful and straight. D．Honest and fashionable. 3. Which of the following words can replace the underlined word in Para.4? A．Resisted. B．Criticized. C．Admitted. D．Highlighted. 4. What does the photographer want to convey? A．Better late than never. B．Life is full of the unexpected. C．Beauty has no boundaries. D．Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了18岁的舞者Elli Goldstein现在是Gucci最著名的模特之一，患有唐氏综合症的Elli Goldstein在 Gucci一款睫毛膏产品的美容广告中担任主角。文章介绍了在此之前她所取得的一些成就，以及周围人对她的评价和对美的看法。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Elli is from llford Essex in the UK. This isn’t Elli’s first appearance in the worldwide spotlight. She’s been featured in London’s famous National Portrait Gallery and has danced at the Royal Opera House. The model has appeared in TV commercials and videos for a famous film festival. She even made a dance video of her own during the pandemic to cheer people up.(Elli来自英国埃塞克斯的伊尔福德。这不是EIli第一次出现在全球聚光灯下。她曾出现在伦敦著名的国家肖像画廊，还曾在皇家歌剧院跳舞。这名模特曾出现在一个著名电影节的电视广告和视频中。她甚至在疫情期间制作了自己的舞蹈视频来鼓舞人们。)”可知，第二段的主要内容是Elli的成就。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Her mom says nothing holds her back. She lives life to the fullest. That positive energy appears to be paying off.(她妈妈说没有什么能阻止她。她过着充实的生活。这种正能量似乎正在得到回报。)”可知，Elli是个内心坚定且积极的人。故选A。 3. 词义猜测题。根据第四段“ “We want to increase the representation of people who have until now been excluded in the media,” said Peterson, Elli’s agent. “You know, it’s about time that we welcomed different models with different disability.”(Elli的经纪人Peterson表示:“我们希望增加那些迄今为止被媒体excluded的人的代表权。你知道，是时候我们欢迎有着不同残疾的不同模特了。)”可推知，媒体存在歧视，抵制残疾人群，把残疾群体排除在外。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““Just follow our dreams and add passions to our life.” The photographer for Elli’s Gucci photoshoot says he aims to show that beauty is everywhere. It exists in every person.(“只要追随我们的梦想，给我们的生活增添激情。”为Elli拍摄Gucci照片的摄影师说，他的目标是要展示美无处不在。它存在于每个人身上。)”可知，摄影师想要传达美丽没有界限。故选C。 Passage 7 （23-24高一下·辽宁大连·期末）The founder of Earth Day was Gaylord Nelson, then a U.S. Senator (参议员). During the late 1960s, Americans experienced the unexpected side effects of high productivity of industry. Factories were giving out smoke while leaded petrol were used for vehicles, making air pollution increasingly severe. What moved Senator Nelson to action was the 1969 massive oil spill (溢出) in California, which had killed about 3,500 sea birds, besides sea animals like dolphins and seals, causing great public anger. Inspired by the student antiwar movement at that time, Nelson found it a proper time to channel the energy of the students towards a fight for environmental protection. And the sure-fire way was through public pressure. Thus Earth Day was born in 1970, and public environmental awareness took center stage. On 22nd April 1970, millions of Americans took to the streets to demonstrate for a sustainable environment and thousands of students marched against the worsening environment. Different groups were now working together for a shared goal — environmental conservation and the effort became effective. The government took tougher measures and affected businesses were forced to follow standards. As environmental issues were not just localized ones but a global concern, the year 1990 saw Earth Day reach out to many more around the world. Earth Day 1990 helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, bringing together many nations for a joint effort towards protecting the environment. For his role as founder of Earth Day, Senator Nelson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995), the highest honour in the USA, by then US President Clinton. We salute (致敬) the man, as the fight for cleaner environment continues. 1. What motivated Senator Nelson to start Earth Day? A．High productivity of industry. B．Increasingly severe air pollution. C．The 1969 oil spill in the USA． D．The students’ involvement in war. 2. What played an essential role in the birth of Earth Day? A．Students’ movement. B．Strict regulations. C．Government’s measures. D．Public pressure. 3. In which year did Earth Day start to draw the world’s attention? A．1970. B．1990. C．1992. D．1995. 4. What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The establishment of Earth Day. B．The effort of going green globally. C．Fighting for cleaner environment. D．Honoring the founder of Earth Day. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了地球日创始人盖洛德•尼尔森创办地球日的由来，以及为提高公众保护环境意识、为保护地球所作出的贡献。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“What moved Senator Nelson to action was the 1969 massive oil spill in California (促使参议员尼尔森采取行动的是1969年加州发生的大规模石油泄漏)”可知，1969年美国加州的石油泄漏事件促使参议员尼尔森采取行动创办了地球日。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“And the sure-fire way was through public pressure. Thus Earth Day was born in 1970, and public environmental awareness took center stage.(而确保成功的方法是通过公众的压力。于是，1970年地球日诞生了，公众环保意识成为了中心议题)”可知，在地球日的诞生过程中，公众压力起到了至关重要的作用。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“As environmental issues were not just localized ones but a global concern, the year 1990 saw Earth Day reach out to many more around the world.(由于环境问题不仅仅是局部问题，而是一个全球性的问题，1990年，地球日吸引了世界各地更多人的关注)”可知，地球日在1990年开始引起全世界的关注。故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“The founder of Earth Day was Gaylord Nelson, then a U.S. Senator (参议员). (地球日的创始人是盖洛德·纳尔逊，当时他是美国参议员)”、第二段中“ Thus Earth Day was born in 1970, and public environmental awareness took center stage.(于是，1970年地球日诞生了，公众的环保意识占据了舞台的中心)”和最后一段中“For his role as founder of Earth Day, Senator Nelson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995), the highest honour in the USA, by then US President Clinton. We salute (致敬) the man, as the fight for cleaner environment continues.(由于他作为地球日的创始人，纳尔逊参议员被当时的美国总统克林顿授予总统自由勋章(1995)，这是美国的最高荣誉。我们向他致敬，为更清洁的环境而战。)”可知，文章主要介绍了地球日创始人盖洛德•尼尔森创办地球日的由来，以及为共同努力保护环境所作出的贡献；由此可知，本文的主旨是纪念地球日的创始人Gaylord Nelson，D项“Honoring the founder of Earth Day(纪念地球日的创始人)”符合本文主旨。故选D项。 Passage 8 （23-24高一下·河北邯郸·期中）Traveling to a farm and spending several hours a day getting your hands dirty might sound like an unusual way to spend a vacation. WWOOF, or “Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms”, is an organization that helps travelers go on “volunteering vacations” on organic farms. The idea is simple: travelers volunteer on farms for around four to six hours a day in exchange for free accommodation and meals. The duration (时长) of “vacation” could be a few days or a few weeks. Volunteers may be given different tasks, based on the type of farm they’re on. These may include things like gardening, cutting wood, feeding animals, or even making cheese or wine. But “WWOOFing” is about more than that. The aim is for travelers and farmers to take part in a cultural and educational exchange, while helping people spend time in nature. At least, that’s what Sue Coppard had in mind when she started the organization. In 1971, Coppard was working as a secretary in London, but she wanted to spend more time in the countryside. So, she thought it might be a good idea to stay and work on a farm. And since she worried that she would be lonely, she asked others to join her. After a successful trial weekend at a farm in Sussex, England, with 15 volunteers, more people started showing interest in working on farms, and more organic farmers said they were willing to host workers. Today, it’s possible to go WWOOFing in more than 130 countries, according to the website. You don’t need any farming experience—just a positive attitude and a willingness to learn! 1. What can we know about WWOOF? A．It offers flexible length of holiday. B．It was set up by an experienced farmer. C．It focuses on farming in the same way. D．It is an organization to help people in need. 2. What could we do as a WWOOF volunteer? A．Enjoy urban scenery. B．Do some farm-related work. C．Raise animals for money. D．Protect the environment on the farm. 3. Why did Sue Coppard set up WWOOF? A．She was interested in organic farming. B．She felt lonely every now and then. C．She was tired of being a secretary. D．She loved to get close to nature. 4. What is the main purpose of the text? A．To promote organic farming. B．To share experiences about farming. C．To introduce a new way of spending vacation. D．To advertise cultural and educational exchange. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界有机农场机会组织（WWOOF），这是一个让旅行者在有机农场进行志愿假期的地方，旅行者每天在农场做四到六小时的志愿工作，以换取免费住宿和膳食。此外，文章还介绍了具体的志愿工作内容、组织的创立目的和参与条件等信息。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The duration (时长) of “vacation” could be a few days or a few weeks. (“假期”的持续时间可以是几天或几周)”可知，世界有机农场机会组织提供的假期长度很灵活。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“These may include things like gardening, cutting wood, feeding animals, or even making cheese or wine. (这些可能包括园艺、砍柴、喂养动物，甚至是制作奶酪或葡萄酒)”可知，作为世界有机农场机会组织的志愿者，我们可以做一些与农场有关的工作。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The aim is for travelers and farmers to take part in a cultural and educational exchange, while helping people spend time in nature. (目的是让旅行者和农民参与文化和教育交流，同时帮助人们在大自然中度过时光)”和第五段中“At least, that’s what Sue Coppard had in mind when she started the organization. In 1971, Coppard was working as a secretary in London, but she wanted to spend more time in the countryside. (至少，这是Sue Coppard创立这个组织时的想法。1971年，Coppard在伦敦做秘书，但她想花更多的时间在乡下)”可知，Sue Coppard创立该组织是想帮助人们在大自然中度过时光，她喜欢花更多的时间在乡下。由此可知，她创立该组织的原因是喜欢亲近大自然。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Traveling to a farm and spending several hours a day getting your hands dirty might sound like an unusual way to spend a vacation. (去农场旅行，每天花几个小时弄脏你的手，听起来像是一种不寻常的度假方式)”可知，文章围绕世界有机农场机会组织（WWOOF）展开，介绍了这一特殊的度假方式的运作模式、具体的志愿工作内容、组织的创立目的和参与条件等信息。因此，文章的目的是介绍一种新的度假方式。故选C项。 Passage 9 （23-24高一下·福建宁德·阶段练习）“Colour” and “color” , “favourite” and “favorite” , “honour” and “honor” …Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a “u”? Is it because they are lazy? Of course not. In fact, the difference in spelling was started by Noah Webster (1758-1843). He was a teacher who reformed (改革) English to make American identity (特征) stronger. Linguists (语言学家) celebrate his birthday on October 16 every year. After the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary, rather than rely on British dictionaries. He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like what they sounded. He used “subway” instead of British word “underground”. Some other examples are “soccer” and “football”, “fall” and “autumn”. Webster wasn’t shy about expressing his opinions. In defining (定义) preposterous (unreasonable), he wrote: “A republican government in the hands of female is preposterous.” Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary with his American-style spelling in 1828. He also added local words. His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new country achieve unity (统一) and cultural independence at a time when most people cared about political freedom. “He was the creator of our language and the creator of American identity,” said Joshua Kendall, who is working on a book about Webster. “He at last brought us together through our language.” 1. What does the underlined phrase “rely on” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．depend on. B．believe. C．endure. D．abandon. 2. Which is NOT true about Webster’s dictionary? A．It has local words in it. B．It is a 70,000-word dictionary. C．All the words are spelled without “u”. D．Its words are in American-style spelling. 3. What do people think of Webster’s dictionary? A．It is the only dictionary that Americans still use today. B．It helped to bring Americans together besides its cultural influence. C．It has no influence on the development of American English. D．It helped to make American English more useful than British English. 4. What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The development of the British English. B．American English is better than British English. C．Noah Webster added local words to the dictionary. D．Noah Webster wrote an American English dictionary and reformed English. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美式英语实际上是由诺亚·韦伯斯特开启的，他编写了一本美式英语词典，改变了一些英式英语的拼写和表达，让当时的美国人拥有了自己的词典，加强了美国人对于自己文化和身份的认同感，促进了美国的团结统一。 1. 词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文“After the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary (独立战争（1775-1783）后，韦伯斯特认为美国人应该有自己的词典)”和下文“He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like what they sounded. He used “subway” instead of British word “underground”. (他在一些单词中省略了英式的u。他把centre改成了center，让孩子们通过拼写更接近发音的单词来学习英语。他用subway代替了英国的underground)”可知，韦伯斯特编写该词典是在美国独立战争后，是为了让美国人拥有自己的词典，词典中的一些单词与英式英语不同。由此推知，他希望美国人在词典这方面能够独立，不依赖英式词典，划线词意思应该是“依赖”。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“He dropped the British “u” in some words. (他在一些单词中省略了英式的u。)”以及第四段“Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary with his American-style spelling in 1828. He also added local words. (韦伯斯特花了28年的时间才在1828年完成了这部7万词的美式拼写词典。他还加入了当地的词汇)”可知，韦伯斯特词典中包含当地词汇，有7万词，且单词是美式拼写，把一些英式英语中的字母u省掉；C项“所有单词的拼写都没有u”不符合文意。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Linguists believed it helped a new country achieve unity (统一) and cultural independence at a time when most people cared about political freedom. (语言学家认为，在大多数人关心政治自由的时候，它帮助一个新国家实现了统一和文化独立)”和最后一段““He was the creator of our language and the creator of American identity,” said Joshua Kendall, who is working on a book about Webster. “He at last brought us together through our language.” (正在撰写一本关于韦伯斯特的书的约书亚·肯德尔说：‘他是我们语言的创造者，也是美国身份的创造者。他最终通过我们的语言让我们走到了一起。’)”可知，人们认为这部词典具有文化影响，并且帮助美国人团结起来，实现了身份的独立。故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段引出韦伯斯特开启了美式英语的拼写，第二至四段主要介绍了他编写词典的目的和词典的情况，第五和六段说明了这本词典的影响力。由此可知，D项“诺亚·韦伯斯特写了一本美式英语词典，改革了英语”契合文章大意。故选D项。 Passage 10 （23-24高一下·贵州贵阳·期末）Sia Godika was 13 when she noticed the barefoot children of construction workers at a building site near her house. “Their feet were bare. Cracked (开裂的)! Dirty! Bleeding!” reflects Sia, now 17. “They were just walking around that building site.” And it was at that moment that Sia realized the troubling contrast to her own privilege (优待). “I went back home, looked at my own feet and thought. Wow, I’m 13 years old. My feet are so tender. These children are just seven or eight...”She describes opening her wardrobe (衣柜) doors and seeing shoes, many of which hadn’t been worn for months or years. Then she rushed to give them all away to the same children she saw at the building site. Later that year, with the help of her parents and community volunteers, Sia founded Sole Warriors, a charity aimed at providing footwear to those in need, with the slogan: “Donate a sole, save a soul.” After that, she spread the word with posters and WhatsApp groups, then enquires (咨询) from people who wanted to help came flooding in. Now in its fifth year, the organization runs activities to collect used footwear, repairs it and donates the finished products to people in need. In its first activity, Sole Warriors collected and gave out 700 pairs of shoes. Today that number reaches around 28.000 across the UK. the United States. China and Liberia. thanks to the hard work of a core team of about 80 volunteers. But the organization’s growth also faced challenges. “Being a 13-year-old. I did encounter a lot of bus (偏见) because at my age. people were less willing to he ar me out,” says Sia. In 2021, Sia was given the Diana Award, which was awarded by a UK-based charity of the same name. It’s one of the greatest honors a young person can receive for social action or humanitarian (人道主义的) work. But her work is still on the road. “Our goal has always been to touch a million feet,” she says. 1. How did Sia feel when she saw the barefoot children at the first sight? A．Excited. B．Confused. C．Shocked. D．Frightened. 2. What is the main purpose of Sole Warriors? A．To collect and sell used shoes. B．To train volunteers in shoe repair. C．To provide footwear for the needy. D．To make posters and spread messages. 3. Which words can best describe Sia’s qualities? A．Open-minded and calm. B．Warm-hearted and responsible. C．Easy-going and honest. D．Hard-working and humorous. 4. What can we infer from Sia’s future plan for Sole Warriors? A．S he decides to retire from Sole Warriors soon. B．She hopes to inspire more volunteers to join them. C．She intends to focus on other humanitarian issues. D．She aims to increase the number of collected shoes. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章围绕主人公Sia Godika展开，讲述了她从目睹建筑工地上的赤脚儿童到创立非营利组织Sole Warriors，为有需要的人提供鞋子的经历。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Sia Godika was 13 when she noticed the barefoot children of construction workers at a building site near her house. “Their feet were bare. Cracked (开裂的)! Dirty! Bleeding!” reflects Sia, now 17. “They were just walking around that building site.” And it was at that moment that Sia realized the troubling contrast to her own privilege (优待). (13岁的时候，Sia Godika在她家附近的一个建筑工地注意到建筑工人的赤脚孩子。他们的脚光着。开裂的！脏！出血！现年17岁的西娅说。)”可知，她当时感到震惊。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Later that year, with the help of her parents and community volunteers, Sia founded Sole Warriors, a charity aimed at providing footwear to those in need, with the slogan: “Donate a sole, save a soul.” (那年晚些时候，在父母和社区志愿者的帮助下，希雅成立了Sole Warriors，这是一个旨在为有需要的人提供鞋子的慈善机构，其口号是：“捐赠一个鞋底，拯救一个灵魂。”)”可知，Sole Warriors成立的目标是为有需要的人提供鞋子。故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Later that year, with the help of her parents and community volunteers, Sia founded Sole Warriors, a charity aimed at providing footwear to those in need, with the slogan: “Donate a sole, save a soul.” (那年晚些时候，在父母和社区志愿者的帮助下，希雅成立了Sole Warriors，这是一个旨在为有需要的人提供鞋子的慈善机构，其口号是：“捐赠一个鞋底，拯救一个灵魂。”)”可知，她是一个热心肠和具有责任感的人。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Our goal has always been to touch a million feet,” she says. (她说：“我们的目标一直是触及100万双脚。”)”可知，她计划增加收集和捐赠鞋子的数量，以惠及更多人。故选D。 Passage 11 （23-24高一下·黑龙江牡丹江·期末）Amelia Earhart was born on July 24, 1897, in Atchison, Kansas. She was the elder of Edwin Stanton and Amy Otis Earhart’s two daughters. Childhood was not happy for the two bright sisters. Their father was an alcoholic (酒鬼) and lost jobs often. The family traveled a great deal. The girls often recited poetry while doing their chores but also loved sports, including basketball and tennis. Their parents encouraged them to try new things. During the war Amelia worked as a military nurse in Canada and later she became a social worker and taught English to immigrant children. Besides work, Amelia had one hobby. She enjoyed watching airplane stunt (特技) shows, which were popular in the 1920s. Then one day she took a 10-minute plane ride and knew what her vocation would be. After 10 hours of instruction and several crashes, Amelia was ready to fly. She made her first solo flight in 1921. The flight went well. Till 1928, flying was only her hobby. This changed when Amelia received a call from Captain Hilton H Railey. He asked her to join pilots Wilmer Stultz and Louis Gordon on a flight from the United States to England. Though Amelia was just a passenger, she became the first woman to cross the Atlantic. After this, Amelia got great publicity. In May 1932, she crossed the Atlantic alone and set a new transatlantic (横渡大西洋的) crossing record of 13 hours and 30 minutes. She received a medal from American President Herbert Hoover for this. Several years later, she became the first woman to fly from California to Hawaii, which was a difficult route. Amelia’s last flight began in June 1937. She and navigator Fred Noonan set out to fly around the world. They were in a twin-engine plane. The two of them took off from Miami in America to South America. Then they crossed the South Atlantic Ocean to Dakar in Africa. From there to Thailand to Australia. However, after they left Lae in New Guinea for Howland Island, the American coast guard lost contact with the plane. Despite an extensive search, the American Navy never found a trace of either the plane or the aviators. Their disappearance is still a mystery. 1. Why did Earhart have an unhappy childhood? A．Because the family traveled a great deal. B．Because she had to do some housework. C．Because she was the elder of the two daughters. D．Because her father was often drunk and out of work. 2. What did Earhart decide to do? A．She would learn to fly a plane. B．She would buy an airplane herself. C．She would watch airplane stunt shows. D．She would teach English to immigrant children. 3. Why was Earhart given a medal from American President? A．She was the first woman to cross the Atlantic. B．She was the first pilot to cross the Atlantic alone. C．She crossed the Atlantic alone and set a new record. D．She was the first woman to fly around the world. 4. What can we infer about Earhart from the passage? A．Her parents wanted her to be a poet. B．She had many kinds of interests. C．Her wish was to become a nurse. D．Her parents didn’t let her do any housework. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了著名的女性飞行员——阿米莉亚·埃尔哈特的故事。文章简述了她的童年，提到了她学习驾驶飞机的契机，并讲述了她的飞行生涯和最后一次飞行。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Childhood was not happy for the two bright sisters. Their father was an alcoholic (酒鬼) and lost jobs often.”（对这两个聪明的姐妹来说，童年并不快乐。她们的父亲是个酒鬼，经常失业。）可知，埃尔哈特有一个不幸的童年是因为她的父亲经常喝醉酒而且失业。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Then one day she took a 10-minute plane ride and knew what her vocation would be.”（然后有一天，她坐了10分钟的飞机，知道了她的职业是什么。）以及第四段中“After 10 hours of instruction and several crashes, Amelia was ready to fly.”（经过10个小时的训练和几次坠机后，阿米莉亚已经准备好飞行了。）可知，埃尔哈特决定学习开飞机。故选A项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“In May 1932, she crossed the Atlantic alone and set a new transatlantic (横渡大西洋的) crossing record of 13 hours and 30 minutes. She received a medal from American President Herbert Hoover for this.”（1932年5月，她独自横渡大西洋，创造了13小时30分钟的新纪录。她因此获得了美国总统赫伯特·胡佛颁发的奖章。）可知，埃尔哈特会获得美国总统颁发的勋章是因为她独自横渡大西洋并创造了一项新纪录。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The girls often recited poetry while doing their chores but also loved sports, including basketball and tennis. Their parents encouraged them to try new things.”（女孩们经常在做家务时背诵诗歌，但也喜欢运动，包括篮球和网球。她们的父母鼓励他们尝试新事物。）可推知，埃尔哈特有很多兴趣爱好。故选B项。 Passage 12 （23-24高一下·山东菏泽·期末）Liz Murray’s life began in the Bronx in1980 in a pretty typical way — she had two parents and a sister, and she had a home to live in with them. But that life quickly turned bad. While the parents thoughtlessly spent almost every penny, Liz and her sister almost starved to death. Liz started her education in 1985. She lived in a dirty home and was self-conscious of the unpleasant smell that she gave off from her unwashed body and dirty clothing. The shame caused her to choose not to attend school and stay home. When Liz was 11, her mother suffered a serious illness. The following year, Liz’s parents separated. Her sister was with her mother, while Liz decided to stay with her father. At age 13, Child Welfare took Liz into care. Eventually, Liz was returned to her mother. Liz began attending junior high school and became friends with her classmates. In 1996, Liz’s mother passed away, and after that she became homeless. She suddenly realized, “If I could have a family and a home one night and all of them were gone the next that means that life has the ability to change. That means that just as change happens to me so I can cause change in my life.” This caused Liz to make her first real promise — to high school. She heard about alternative (另类的) high schools and went to as many school interviews as she could. After repeated rejections, Liz met Perry Weiner, the head of Humanities Preparatory Academy. Perry offered her admission to the school, where she finished a four-year high school program in just two years while still living on the streets. From pumping gas at gas stations, to working as a waitress, to walking dogs, she did just about anything to earn money so that she could survive and pay for her study. Perry later encouraged her to apply to Harvard University, telling her although it was a goal that seemed out of reach, it was not impossible, Liz took his advice. Not only did she graduate at the top of her class, but she also won a scholarship. Her success didn’t stop there. All her hard work paid off when she was accepted by Harvard. Now Liz’s an inspirational speaker. 1. What can we learn about Liz? A．She was born into a broken family. B．She received little care from her parents. C．She has had no fixed place to live since birth. D．She had to go to a child welfare organization at 11. 2. Why was Liz unwilling to go to school when she was a pupil? A．She didn’t want to be laughed at. B．She had to care for her sick mother. C．She had to work to support the family. D．She wanted to save money for the family. 3. What made Liz so determined to attend high school? A．The death of her mother. B．The influence of her friend. C．The support of her father and sister. D．The encouragement of Perry Weiner. 4. What does Liz’s story tell us? A．Love can make a difference. B．Nothing is easy at the top level. C．It always seems impossible until it’s done. D．Gratitude is the fastest shortcut to happiness. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Liz Murray的生活经历，她从一个贫困的家庭环境中，通过自己的努力，最终进入哈佛大学并成为一名鼓舞人心的演讲者。 1. 细节理解题。由第二段“While the parents thoughtlessly spent almost every penny, Liz and her sister almost starved to death. (当父母轻率地花掉几乎每一分钱时，Liz和她的妹妹几乎要饿死了)”和第三段中“She lived in a dirty home and was self-conscious of the unpleasant smell that she gave off from her unwashed body and dirty clothing. (她住在一个肮脏的家里，对自己未洗的身体和脏衣服散发出的难闻气味很敏感)”可知，结合Liz父母的所作所为和她脏兮兮的状况，Liz几乎没有得到父母的照顾。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。由第三段中“She lived in a dirty home and was self-conscious of the unpleasant smell that she gave off from her unwashed body and dirty clothing. The shame caused her to choose not to attend school and stay home. (她住在一个肮脏的家里，对自己未洗的身体和脏衣服散发出的难闻气味很敏感。羞愧使她选择不上学，呆在家里)”可知，Liz因为自己脏兮兮而感到羞愧，应该是害怕被嘲笑，小时候才不愿意上学。故选A项。 3. 细节理解题。由第五段中“In 1996, Liz’s mother passed away, and after that she became homeless. (1996年，Liz的母亲去世，之后她无家可归)”和“This caused Liz to make her first real promise — to high school. (这让Liz做出了第一个真正的承诺——上高中)”可知，Liz母亲的去世让她下定决心要上高中。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。由最后一段中“Perry later encouraged her to apply to Harvard University, telling her although it was a goal that seemed out of reach, it was not impossible, Liz took his advice. Not only did she graduate at the top of her class, but she also won a scholarship. Her success didn’t stop there. All her hard work paid off when she was accepted by Harvard. Now Liz’s an inspirational speaker. (Perry后来鼓励她申请哈佛大学，并告诉她，尽管这个目标似乎遥不可及，但并非不可能，Liz听从了他的建议。她不仅以全班第一名的成绩毕业，而且还获得了奖学金。她的成功并不止于此。当她被哈佛大学录取时，她所有的努力都得到了回报。现在Liz是一位励志演说家。)”和全文内容可知，Liz Murray在艰难的环境下最终取得成功，实现当初几乎遥不可及的目标，Liz的故事告诉我们，在完成之前，它看起来总是不可能的，只要我们努力，没有什么是不可能的。故选C项。 Passage 13 （23-24高一下·福建泉州·期末）When it comes to sustainability (可持续性), Lauren Singer is the real deal. Known for her “Trash is For Tossers” blog and Package Free lifestyle shop, Singer is leading by example with a single mason jar (广口瓶) containing the only trash (垃圾) she’s collected in eight years (yes, you read that correctly). With recent money support from some companies, Singer is focused on becoming the largest producer of sustainable products in the world. It all started when Singer was studying at New York University. As an Environmental Science student, she was getting mad at a classmate for making much plastic trash, but later she found every single thing in her own fridge was in one way or another packaged in plastic. It turned out she was as bad. So, she decided to move from plastics and thought the only way was to learn how to make her own products. Then, while she was doing research online, she came across a blog called the “Zero Waste Home” started by a Californian family who live a completely zero-waste life. Her mind was completely blown. Originally, she thought she was doing the best for the planet by not using plastic. But the idea of producing no trash was so inspiring that she began her zero-waste journey and explored the possibility of living a waste-free life. She started by stopping buying packaged food and making her own products. Besides, instead of buying new clothing, she would buy things that were totally recycled, second-hand. She was also downsized — had only the things that she really needed. In 2014, Lauren Singer founded her blog, “Trash is for Tossers”, to document her waste-free journey, as well as provide easy, actionable tips and tricks to living sustainably. She is becoming increasingly popular and has even been invited to lecture at the United Nations to promote her zero-waste lifestyle: “Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.” By taking simple action, everyone can contribute to the environment. 1. What can we learn about Lauren Singer? A．She founded a blog to collect trash. B．She produced little trash in eight years. C．She prefers to keep trash in mason jars. D．She reduces the cost of sustainable products. 2. What does paragraph 2 focus on? A．What inspired Singer’s reflection on college life. B．How Singer learned to make her own products. C．What led to Singer’s journey to zero waste. D．How Singer thought about plastic-free life. 3. What is the first step in Singer’s new lifestyle? A．Giving up plastic products. B．Buying second-hand things. C．Avoiding packaged food. D．Providing actionable recycling tips. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Meet zero-waste activist Lauren Singer B．Gather more support to ensure sustainability C．Trash is for Tossers-a way to a zero waste life D．DIY products-contributions to a better environment 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是零废物活动家劳伦·Singer如何开启自己零垃圾之旅并创办了微博“垃圾是给扔垃圾的人的”引领人们为环境做出应有的贡献。 1. 细节理解题。根据首段中的“Known for her “Trash is For Tossers” blog and Package Free lifestyle shop, Singer is leading by example with a single mason jar (广口瓶) containing the only trash (垃圾) she’s collected in eight years(yes, you read that correctly).( Singer以她的“垃圾是给扔垃圾的”博客和免费生活方式商店而闻名，她以身作则，用一个 广口瓶来做表率，这个瓶子里装着她八年来收集的唯一垃圾（是的，你没看错）。)”可知，八年的时间里，Singer在她的广口瓶里收集着唯一的垃圾，这是让人不可思议的事情，由此可知，对Singer我们了解到的是她在八年内几乎没有制造垃圾。故选B项。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“It all started when Singer was studying at New York University.(这一切都始于Singer在纽约大学学习的时候)”可知，Singer的“零垃圾”之旅源自于上大学时，结合尾句“Then, while she was doing research online, she came across a blog called the “Zero Waste Home” started by a Californian family who live a completely zero-waste life.(然后，当她在网上做研究时，她看到了一个名为“零废物之家”的博客，这个博客是由加利福尼亚的一个家庭创建的，他们过着完全零废物的生活)”可知，Singer在网上看到过名为“零废物之家”的博客，由此可知，本段主要介绍了是什么导致Singer的零垃圾之旅。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She started by stopping buying packaged food and making her own products. Besides, instead of buying new clothing, she would buy things that were totally recycled, second-hand. She was also downsized-had only the things that she really needed.(她开始不再购买包装食品，而是自己制作产品。此外，她不买新衣服，而是买完全回收的二手东西。她也被精简了——只有她真正需要的东西)”可知，Singer开始不再购买包装食品，而是自己制作产品，由此可知，Singer新生活方式的第一步是避免包装食品。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“When it comes to sustainability (可持续性), Lauren Singer is the real deal. Known for her “Trash is For Tossers” blog and Package Free lifestyle shop, Singer is leading by example with a single mason jar (广口瓶) containing the only trash (垃圾) she’s collected in eight years(yes, you read that correctly).(谈到可持续发展，Lauren Singer才是真正的人物。Singer以她的“垃圾是给扔垃圾的”博客和免费生活方式商店而闻名，她以身作则，用一个广口瓶来做表率，这个瓶子里装着她八年来收集的唯一垃圾（是的，你没看错）)”以及下文中介绍的开启Lauren Singer零垃圾之旅的原因和她为展示自己零垃圾的生活方式而创建的博客“垃圾是给扔垃圾的”可知，Lauren Singer作为一个零垃圾活动家以“垃圾是给扔垃圾的”博客和免费生活方式商店而闻名，她利用自己的实际行动引领人们为环境做出贡献，所以题目“认识一下零垃圾活动家Lauren Singer”与本文的内容吻合，且概括了本文的主题，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选A项。 Passage 14 （23-24高一下·湖南郴州·期末）After almost a century, Lin Huiyin, a Chinese architecture student at the University of Pennsylvania between 1924 and 1927, will be awarded a late Bachelor of Architecture diploma by the Stuart Weitzman School of Design. At the May 18, 2024, Weitzman Commencement Ceremony, the School will award Lin, arguably the first and most famous female architect in modern China, “a late posthumous Bachelor of Architecture degree”, stated an article titled “An Architectural Pioneer Receives Her Due,” published by Penn on Sunday. Lin Huiyin, along with her husband Liang Sicheng, who was also a famous Chinese architect, traveled to the United States in 1924 and studied in Penn’s architecture program. However, Pennsylvania’s architecture program rejected the admission application of this Chinese woman because it did not admit female students until 1934. As a result, Lin had to study in the only department that accepted female students, the School of Fine Arts. But she actively participated in architecture studios, took courses in design theory, drawing, and architectural history, and worked as an assistant in architectural design, often more excellent than her male peers. She completed most of the coursework required for a Bachelor of Architecture degree. The only exceptions were a drawing course that was not open to female students because it featured male models. “Upon closer examination, it became clear that she would have got a degree if she were a man,” said Fritz Steiner, Weitzman Dean, and Paley Professor, “It’s not right, and this is an opportunity to correct that.” Lin’s daughter, 94-year-old Liang Zaibing, said, “A hundred years later, my mother is being recognized by her Alma Mater (母校). This reminds me of her bravery and determination when she chose to major in architecture. She proved throughout her life that she was a true architect.” 1. What do we know about Lin Huiyin? A．She hasn’t been able to graduate until now. B．She is the first and most famous architect in the world. C．She completed all the coursework required by a degree. D．She studied at the University of Pennsylvania between 1924 and 1927. 2. Why didn’t Lin Huiyin get the admission to Penn’s architecture programme before 1934? A．Because she was a woman. B．Because she was Chinese. C．Because of her appearance. D．Because of her academic performance. 3. What did Lin’s daughter say in the last paragraph? A．Lin inspired her to learn architecture. B．She was reminded of her original intention. C．Lin finally proved that she was a real architect. D．She was determined to become an architect in the future. 4. Which of the following can best describe Lin Huiyin? A．Modest and intelligent. B．Humorous and generous. C．Excellent and determined. D．Considerate and ambitious. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了中国著名建筑师林徽因在宾夕法尼亚大学学习建筑的经历，以及她在近一个世纪后被追授建筑学士学位的事情。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“After almost a century, Lin Huiyin, a Chinese architecture student at the University of Pennsylvania between 1924 and 1927, will be awarded a late Bachelor of Architecture diploma by the Stuart Weitzman School of Design.”（经过近一个世纪，1924年至1927年在宾夕法尼亚大学学习建筑的中国学生林徽因，将被Stuart Weitzman设计学院追授建筑学士学位。）可知，林徽因在1924年至1927年间在宾夕法尼亚大学学习建筑，故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However, Pennsylvania’s architecture program rejected the admission application of this Chinese woman because it did not admit female students until 1934.”（然而，宾夕法尼亚的建筑项目拒绝了这位中国女性的入学申请，因为它直到1934年才接受女性学生。）可知，林徽因之前没有被宾夕法尼亚大学的建筑项目录取，是因为她是女性，故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Lin’s daughter, 94-year-old Liang Zaibing, said, “A hundred years later, my mother is being recognized by her Alma Mater (母校). This reminds me of her bravery and determination when she chose to major in architecture. She proved throughout her life that she was a true architect.””（林的女儿，94岁的梁再冰说：“一百年后，我的母亲被她的母校认可。这让我想起了她选择建筑专业时的勇气和决心。她在一生中证明了她是一位真正的建筑师。”）可知，林徽因的女儿说，林徽因在一生中证明了她是一位真正的建筑师，故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But she actively participated in architecture studios, took courses in design theory, drawing, and architectural history, and worked as an assistant in architectural design, often more excellent than her male peers.”（但她积极参与建筑工作室，学习设计理论、绘画和建筑历史课程，并担任建筑设计助手，常常比她的男性同行更出色。）和最后一段“Lin’s daughter, 94-year-old Liang Zaibing, said, “A hundred years later, my mother is being recognized by her Alma Mater (母校). This reminds me of her bravery and determination when she chose to major in architecture. She proved throughout her life that she was a true architect.””（林的女儿，94岁的梁再冰说：“一百年后，我的母亲被她的母校认可。这让我想起了她选择建筑专业时的勇气和决心。她在一生中证明了她是一位真正的建筑师。”），可知林林徽因出色而坚定。故选C。 Passage 15 （23-24高一下·安徽亳州·期末）When Italy first went into a coronavirus (冠状病毒) lockdown, Khabane Lame had just lost his job at a factory. He spent his days at his parents’ home, looking for other jobs. One day, he downloaded TikTok and started fooling with it in his bedroom, posting videos of himself. And gradually, a surprising career was born. In most of his videos, he lampoons (讽刺) videos of people doing overly complicated life skills by responding with a simplified, more logical way of doing the same task. Lame does it all without saying a word. On TikTok, his silence speaks volumes. “I came up with the idea because I was seeing these videos going on air, and I liked the idea of bringingsome simplicity to it,” Lame told CNN in a recent video interview. “The type of gesture came by chance, but the silence didn’t. I thought of a way to make connections across cultures. And the best way was not to speak.” In one video, Lame reacts to a video of a woman noisily peeling a cucumber with her teeth by using a vegetable peeler to accomplish the same task. After his common-sense approach to a task, Lame extends his arms with his palms facing upward, as if to say duh (咄，表轻蔑). Sometimes he throws in an eye roll or a shake of the head. Now Lame is the most popular man on TikTok, with 114 million followers. Lame declined to say how much money he makes, although the biggest social media stars can earn millions of dollars a year from their content. He said his biggest purchase since he became famous is an iPhone 12 so he can shoot better videos. “I’m not buying anything crazy,” he said. But his life is a far cry from his days as a jobless young man living with his parents. He says his mother and father are proud of his success. Lame now lives with his agent in Milan. His posts get thumbs-ups from celebrities, including his idol, actor Will Smith. And as more TikTok stars sign deals with movie companies. Lame hopes to accomplish a childhood dream and work with Smith on a project. Meanwhile, he’ll continue targeting ridiculous life tricks — with his dull silence. 1. What was the original purpose for Lame to play on TikKok? A．To look for a job. B．To earn money. C．To kill time. D．To make friends. 2. Why does Lame keep silent in his videos? A．To avoid troubling his family. B．To go with his gestures. C．To arouse interest from his audiences. D．To reach as many people as possible. 3. How does Lame consider his success? A．It is worth nothing. B．It comes so easily. C．It’s the most important thing for him. D．It’s nothing to show off. 4. What is Lame’s dream? A．To make money as much as possible. B．To play in a film. C．To get himself known by more people. D．To make friends worldwide. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道Khabane Lame在失业后开始使用TikTok，通过发布讽刺复杂生活技巧的视频逐渐走红。他以其独特的沉默和简单逻辑方式吸引了大量粉丝，并希望与偶像Will Smith合作。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“One day, he downloaded TikTok and started fooling with it in his bedroom, posting videos of himself.”（有一天，他下载了TikTok，开始在卧室里玩它，上传自己的视频。）可知，Lame最初使用TikTok是为了玩耍，消磨时间。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“I thought of a way to make connections across cultures. And the best way was not to speak.”（我想到了一种跨越文化进行交流的方式。而最好的方式就是不说话。）可知，不说话是为了进行跨越文化交流，尽可能多地接触来自不同文化的人。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“Now Lame is the most popular man on TikTok, with 114 million followers. Lame declined to say how much money he makes, although the biggest social media stars can earn millions of dollars a year from their content. He said his biggest purchase since he became famous is an iPhone 12 so he can shoot better videos. “I’m not buying anything crazy,” he said.”（现在，Lame是抖音上最受欢迎的男人，拥有1.14亿粉丝。Lame拒绝透露他赚了多少钱，尽管最大的社交媒体明星每年可以从他们的内容中赚到数百万美元。他说，自从他成名以来，他最大的购买是一部iPhone 12，这样他就可以拍更好的视频了。‘我不会买任何疯狂的东西，’他说。）可知，虽然Lame取得了巨大的成功，但他买的最贵的东西也只是一部iPhone 12，而且是为了用于拍摄更好的视频；由此推知，他认为自己的成功没什么好炫耀的。故选D项。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And as more TikTok stars sign deals with movie companies, Lame hopes to accomplish a childhood dream and work with Smith on a project.”（随着越来越多的TikTok明星与电影公司签约，Lame希望实现童年的梦想，与Smith合作一部电影。）可知，Lame的梦想是与他的偶像Will Smith合作一部电影。故选B项。 高一下学期 单元话题 梯度训练 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$