专题3 第2讲 凭借语言技能，逐层“完空”下的完形(课件PPT)-【新高考方案】2025年高考英语二轮复习专题增分方略

　第二讲 凭借语言技能，逐层“完空”下的完形 完形填空在选材上注重价值引领、立德树人命题“金”线的贯彻。在命题“银”线上，主要体现语言技能水平的测试。语言功底的强弱，决定完形填空的成败。在解答完形填空时，可按边读边填句内层次题⇨弄明句群后，再填句组层次题⇨读完全篇，最后做语篇层次题逐层“完空”的流程来解题。这就要求考生在做完形填空题时，心中要始终有这三个层面，认真甄别每道题是属于哪个层面，然后再确定用何种方法来解题，从而提高做题的准确度。解题流程如下： 目录 Content 解题技法例析（一） 利用首句、逻辑关系、上下文语境、生活常识和文化背景解题 解题技法例析（二） 利用语义复现、成分分析、作者观点态度和感情色彩、习惯用法和固定搭配解题 随堂训练·即时体验 解题技法例析（一） 利用首句、逻辑关系、上下文语境、生活常识和文化背景解题 说明：解题技法例析(一)和下面例析(二)中的技法归属没有任何标准依据，更不存在常用技法和非常用技法之别，只是根据典例所用到的解题方法随机组合。选择完整的语篇做例题，且随机展示解题技法，旨在提醒考生在解题时，要因题而别，活学活用技法，而不墨守成规，“按图索骥”地硬套技法。 [例1]　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long.I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 1 ， Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I 2 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 3 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 4 my language skills.That encouragement helped me to get through the language 5 .After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 6 Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 7 me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It's these small 8 of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 9 quite like Italy.Each town has its own traditional 10 ， and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another.Families 11 for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can 12 .These meals are always 13 by laughter and joy.Whatever 14 life in Italy might have, the problems are 15 once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 1．A.study　　　　　 B．rent C．visit D．settle 2．A.planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened 3．A.string B．hang C．mix D．match 4．A.improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised 5．A.course B．barrier C．area D．test 6．A.open-minded B．strong-willed C．warm-hearted D．well-informed 7．A.remind B．allow C．persuade D．order 8．A.tricks B．promises C．acts D．duties 9．A.ambition B．success C．appetite D．growth 10．A.costume B．dish C．symbol D．tale 11．A.gather B．cheer C．leave D．wait 12．A.put up with B．stand up for C．come up with D．make up for 13．A.signaled B．confirmed C．represented D．accompanied 14．A.disadvantages B．meanings C．surprises D．opportunities 15．A.created B．forgotten C．understood D．identified 参考答案：1－5　DBADB　6－10　CACCB　11－15　ACDAB [解题技法例析] 技法(一)　利用首句解题 完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。把握首句，可以确定文章的主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。 第1题 句组层次题，可以利用首句解题。根据首句中的“decided to buy a house in Europe”和第二句“I liked traveling in France”以及空前表示转折的but可知，虽然作者喜欢在法国旅行，但是最终还是选择在意大利定居(settle)。 技法(二)　利用逻辑关系解题 逻辑关系指文章上下文在语法或语意上存在并列、顺承、转折、因果、目的等关系。常见的表示逻辑关系的标志词语有and, but, however, then, so, because, instead of, so as to等。考生只有在透彻理解文意的基础上，才能对上下文的逻辑关系做出正确的判断，从而选出正确答案。 第2题 句组层次题，可以利用下文连词But解题。根据连词But可知，上下文之间为转折关系。根据下文中的“But every time I tried to a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and my language skills.”可知，作者初到意大利，语言不通，所以在问路和在餐厅点菜时会遇到困难。struggle to do sth.意为“吃力地做某事”。 技法(三)　利用上下文语境解题 上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内或句组层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 第4题 句组层次题，可以利用上下文语境解题。结合上文中的“the locals smiled at me”和下文中的“That encouragement helped me”可知，当地人对作者微笑并称赞了作者的语言技能，那对作者是一种鼓励。praise意为“称赞”，符合语境。 续表 第6题 句组层次题，可以利用下文语境解题。根据下文中的“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door ...when rain is coming.”可知，作者的邻居们会给他送刚做好的奶酪，还会在要下雨时提醒他关好车窗。由此可知，作者在定居意大利后，才知道这里的人们有多么热心(warm-hearted)。下文的kindness亦有提示。 技法(四)　利用生活常识和文化背景解题 一些完形填空题经常涉及生活常识或文化背景方面的知识，这些生活常识或文化背景主要靠考生平时的阅读积累，从某种程度上来说，此类问题主要考查考生的学习视野和知识面。 第9题 句内层次题，可以利用生活常识解题。根据上文中的“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach ...”可知，作者是一位美食家，要想抓住他的心需要先抓住他的胃。结合生活常识，这些都与食物相关，故选appetite，意为“食欲；胃口”。 解题技法例析（二） 利用语义复现、成分分析、作者观点态度和感情色彩、习惯用法和固定搭配解题 [例2]　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 1 the course earlier than she did. Her 2 came because she was carrying a 3 across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 4 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 5 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 6 . She couldn't. Bailey then 7 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 8 attention. Once there, Lenoue was 9 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 10 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help. As for Bailey, she is more 11 about why her act is considered a big 12 . “She was just crying. I couldn't 13 her，” Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the 14 ， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 15 of human kindness won the day.  1．A.designed　　　 B．followed C．changed D．finished 2．A.delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse 3．A.judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor 4．A.race B．school C．town D．training 5．A.agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised 6．A.courage B．aid C．patience D．advice 7．A.went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down 8．A.medical B．public C．constant D．equal 9．A.interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated 10．A.hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness 11．A.worried　　 B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged 12．A.game B．problem C．lesson D．deal 13．A.leave B．cure C．bother D．understand 14．A.ride B．test C．meet D．show 15．A.secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange 参考答案：1－5　DADAC　6－10　BDABB　11－15　CDACB [解题技法例析]  技法(一)　利用语义复现解题 语义复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确答案。 第3题 句组层次题，可以利用语义复现解题。根据上文中的“On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.”和空后“across the finish line”可推知，她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。competitor是上文中compete的同根词复现。 第4题 句组层次题，可以利用语义复现解题。根据第一段中的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑完比赛的三分之二多的时候”。race是原词复现。 技法(二)　利用对应成分分析法解题 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。 第2题 句内层次题，可以利用对应成分分析法解题。根据空处所在句中的“because”可知，空处上下文之间为因果关系，前果后因。由下文她带着一名参赛者通过终点线可知，Bailey因为帮助竞争对手而耽搁(delay)了。 技法(三)　利用作者观点态度和感情色彩解题 解答完形填空题目时，在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，这些词汇往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。它们通常是做题时重要的参照线索。 第 11题 句组层次题，可以利用感情色彩解题。根据下文“doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对自己的行为被认为是一件大事感到疑惑(confused)。 技法(四)　利用习惯用法和固定搭配解题 掌握习惯用法、固定搭配并学会分析句子结构，能有效地助力解题。 第12题 句组层次题，可以利用固定搭配解题。Bailey认为自己只是做了正确的事，这在她看来是很平常的，所以让她疑惑的应是为什么人们认为她做了一件大事。a big deal是固定搭配，意为“大事，重要的事”。 A (2024·河北石家庄三模)Dreaming of photographing the world's beauty, I wrote a travel wish list and hung it on my wall, not expecting to actually go anywhere.However, a local photo contest gave me a 1 .I chose the Grand Canyon, one of my bucket list places to visit, since I got my first camera. The journey was 2 ， with unique touches like aspen trees towering and lizards (蜥蜴) rushing about.After a day's 3 ， I decided to have a good rest and start fresh the next day for the mission to 4 the Canyon's grandeur. The next morning, I woke up early to capture (拍摄) the 5 . Reaching the overlook, I found an elderly man alone on a bench.After exchanging 6 ， he noticed my camera and 7 if I'd captured any favorites.I 8 shared a couple of photos, not anticipating any further conversation that followed.He 9 ， revealing that he and his late wife, Betty, visited the Grand Canyon annually for their anniversary.Her 10 the previous year marked his first return without her and he spent each sunrise reflecting on their treasured 11 .His heartfelt tales 12 me deeply, as I, too, had experienced a recent loss, making the moment 13 . Returning home with numerous photos, I 14 the best from my adventures for the contest.This journey taught me the value of chasing dreams, embracing challenges, and 15 with others through shared moments, making it a truly enriching experience. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章叙述了作者摄影之旅中的所见、所感。 1．A.favor B．break C．suggestion D．push 解析：根据上文“a local photo contest”以及下文“I chose the Grand Canyon, one of my bucket list places to visit”可知，一场摄影比赛给了作者很大的推动力。 √ 2．A.tiring B．puzzling C．refreshing D．encouraging 解析：根据下文“with unique touches like aspen trees towering and lizards (蜥蜴)rushing about”可知，这次旅行令作者耳目一新。 √ 3．A.traveling B．meeting C．talking D．picnicking 解析：根据上文“travel”可知，此处指经过一天的旅行。 √ 4．A.shoot B．paint C．describe D．video 解析：根据上文“since I got my first camera”以及下文“capture(拍摄)”可知，第二天重新开始拍摄大峡谷的壮丽景色。 √ 5．A.trees B．sunrise C．lizards D．birds 解析：根据上文“I woke up early”可知，作者起得很早，应是为了拍摄日出。 √ 6．A.gifts B．ideas C．numbers D．greetings 解析：根据上文“found an elderly man alone on a bench”可知，两人见面彼此问候了一下。 √ 7．A.doubted B．inquired C．considered D．checked 解析：根据上文“he noticed my camera”和下文“if I'd captured any favorites”可知，老人注意到作者的相机，应是问有没有拍到最喜欢的照片。 √ 8．A.elegantly B．purposefully C．hesitantly D．gratefully 解析：结合常识可知，作者对陌生人的询问还是有戒心的，所以犹豫地分享了几张照片。 √ 9．A.opened up B．dressed up C．hurried up D．cheered up 解析：根据下文“revealing that he and his late wife, Betty, visited the Grand Canyon annually for their anniversary”可知，老人向作者敞开心扉，聊起了自己的故事。 √ 10．A.running away B．passing away C．breaking down D．settling down 解析：根据上文“his late wife”和下文“marked his first return without her”可知，老人的妻子去世了。 √ 11．A.possessions B．collections C．memories D．qualities 解析：根据上文“reflecting on”可知，每个日出他都会想起他们珍贵的回忆。 √ 12．A.entertained B．inspired C．concerned D．touched 解析：根据下文“as I, too, had experienced a recent loss”可知，老人发自内心的故事深深地打动了作者。 √ 13．A.available B．comfortable C．admirable D．unforgettable 解析：根据上文“deeply”可知，此处指的是“难忘的”。 √ 14．A.purchased B．guaranteed C．selected D．made 解析：根据下文“the best from my adventures for the contest”可知，作者从此次冒险(指拍摄经历)中选择了最好的作品参加比赛。 √ 15．A.competing B．connecting C．discussing D．cooperating 解析：根据下文“with others through shared moments, making it a truly enriching experience”可知，这次旅行教会了作者追逐梦想、拥抱挑战以及通过分享美好时光与他人建立联系的重要性。 √ B Boundaries are everywhere. Some are for security. Some are for privacy. But some are just for us to 1 . One day, after supper, I took a walk on the 2 . Taotao, my 5-year-old son, was bouncing excitedly behind me. He 3 a thin stick and acted as the Monkey King all the time. The sidewalk was paved by red bricks, 4 sharply with the pitch (沥青)-paved bikeway and formed a clear 5 . “Use the sidewalk. It's safe，” I 6 my son frequently. Suddenly a maple leaf was blown off and 7 quietly on the bikeway, about two steps away. Taotao was totally 8 . He stopped, bent down and tried to fetch it but failed. He 9 his stick, tried hard again but still failed. A bit 10 ， he stood up and moved one step forward, but not beyond the boundary. After several more attempts with the stick, the leaf was still not moving to him. I was right beside him, worried a lot about his further 11 . Finally, he stood up, threw away the stick 12 ， stepped across the boundary and picked up the leaf directly. Yeah! I saw a 13 smile on his face! Many times we 14 our thinking within a boundary and can't find a good solution; many times we hold existing 15 at hand, never thinking about whether they are still useful. We are not lacking in knowledge but short of knowing how to break the thinking boundaries. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要通过讲述作者的儿子在人行道上捡树叶的故事来说明我们不缺知识，缺的是懂得如何打破思维的界限。 1．A.build　　　　　　 B．break C．adjust D．expand 解析：根据最后一段的“short of knowing how to break the thinking boundaries”可知，此处是说“有些界线是我们要打破的”。 √ 2．A.driveway B．crosswalk C．sidewalk D．bikeway 解析：根据后文的“The sidewalk was paved by red bricks”可知，作者是在人行道上散步。 √ 3．A.swung B．hid C．rolled D．bent 解析：根据后文的“acted as the Monkey King”可知，作者的儿子挥舞着一根细棍，一直扮演着美猴王的角色。 √ 4．A.contrasting B．combining C．comparing D．corresponding 解析：根据“red bricks”和“the pitch (沥青)-paved”可知，红砖铺成的人行道与沥青铺成的自行车道对比鲜明，形成了清晰的界线。 √ 5．A.sign B．boundary C．figure D．pattern 解析：此处表示形成了清晰的界线。 √ 6．A.threatened B．urged C．inspired D．reminded 解析： “Use the sidewalk. It's safe”是作者对儿子的提醒。 √ 7．A.laid B．put C．sank D．landed 解析：根据上文“Suddenly a maple leaf was blown off”以及后文“on the bikeway”可知，枫叶是落在自行车道上，因此空格处表示“着陆”。 √ 8．A.convinced B．absorbed C．controlled D．trapped 解析：根据后文的“He stopped, bent down and tried to fetch it but failed.”可知，作者的儿子全神贯注地看着枫叶。 √ 9．A.broke up B．picked up C．reached out D．sent out 解析：根据“his stick”可知，他伸出棍子去够枫叶。 √ 10．A.annoyed B．satisfied C．delighted D．concerned 解析：根据上文的“still failed”可知，他又一次失败了，因此会感到生气。 √ 11．A.progress B．vision C．observation D．findings 解析：根据“his further”可知，作者非常担心儿子更够不着枫叶。 √ 12．A.repeatedly B．accidentally C．heavily D．carefully 解析：根据上文的“A bit ”可知，他生气了，所以重重地扔掉棍子。 √ 13．A.bitter B．embarrassing C．sweet D．curious 解析：根据上文的“picked up the leaf”可知，作者的儿子捡起了枫叶，因此会觉得高兴，自然会露出甜美的微笑。 √ 14．A.start B．restrict C．close D．operate 解析：根据后文的“within a boundary”可知，我们把自己的思维限制在一个边界内。 √ 15．A.facilities B．materials C．weapons D．tools 解析：根据“at hand, never thinking about whether they are still useful”可知，我们手里握着现有的工具，却从不考虑它们是否仍然有用，因此空格处选“工具”。 √ 本课结束 $$