重难点15 阅读理解之推理判断题-2025年高考英语【热点•重点•难点】专练（新高考通用）

重难点15 阅读理解之推理判断题 【考点统计】 2022-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2025八省联考卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 【命题趋势】 一、考查内容方面 1. 深度理解要求提高：不再单纯考查对表面文字的理解，而是更注重考生对文章深层含义、作者隐含意图和态度等的挖掘，需要考生基于文本信息进行合理的逻辑推理和判断。例如，通过文中人物的具体行为和语言来推断其性格特点、心理状态等。 2. 强调语篇整体理解：常要求考生整合全文或多个段落的信息进行综合推断，不能仅依靠某一句话或某一段内容。如根据文章不同段落中对事件的描述，推断事件发展的后续走向或最终结果。 3. 文化背景考查融入：随着选材更加注重原汁原味的英语文章，涉及的文化背景知识增多，考生需要具备一定的文化常识和跨文化交际意识，才能准确理解文章并做出合理推断。比如对一些西方文化习俗、社会现象等背景知识的了解，有助于理解相关文章并推理出正确答案。 二、语篇选材方面 1. 选材多元化：题材涵盖日常生活、科技、文化、社会、经济等各个领域，紧跟时代热点，如人工智能、环境保护、社交媒体影响等。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，每种体裁都有其独特的推理判断考查点。 2. 语篇难度提升：词汇量有所增加，可能会出现一些超纲词汇但可通过上下文推测词义，语句结构更加复杂多样，长难句增多，对考生的语言理解能力和分析能力提出更高要求。 三、设题与选项设计方面 1. 设题方式灵活：题干的表述更加多样化，不再局限于传统的“infer”“imply”“suggest”等词，可能会以更具体、更贴近文本内容的方式提问，如“Based on the passage, what can we learn about...”“What does the author want to convey through...”等。 2. 选项干扰性增强：干扰项的设计更加巧妙，可能会出现与原文部分内容相似但存在细节偏差的情况，或者是符合常识但与文章内容无关的选项，以及过度推理、以偏概全的选项等，需要考生仔细甄别。 推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种:隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作手法题、写作意图题、文章出处/类别题和作者身份/读者对象题。 【考查类型】 【命题特点】 特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及推断作者态度、文章出处、文章类型、写作意图、下段话题等。 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? （2024新课标I卷，隐含含义题） 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? （2024新课标I卷，写作意图题） 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? （2024全国甲卷，态度推断题） 26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? （2023新课标I卷，人物评价题） 31. What might the author continue talking about? （2023全国乙卷，预测下段题） 21. Where is this text probably taken from? （2022新课标I卷，文章出处题） 29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? （2020浙江卷，写作手法题） 【选项规律】 正确选项特征 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，成为正确选项 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。 语态变化 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。 干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 为原文内容，但与题目文不对题，不符合题目要求。 偷梁换柱 在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分错误。 颠倒是非 与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。 无中生有 符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。 扩缩范围 以偏概全如：almost, all, nearly, never, completely 等绝对词与文章意义不符。 技法一：隐含推断题——据文推理法 【设题特点】 隐含推断题要求考生根据文中的信息进行合理的、适度的逻辑推断,推断出作者没有直接说明的内容,可能会发生的事情,理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。此类题目的题干主要包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(得出结论)和 assume(假定,设想)。 【思维导图】 [典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,C) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. ... Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 【解题过程】 第一步　锁定题干关键词: BMF employees 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据题干信息锁定到文本的最后一段。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.”及“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment...”可推知员工具有强烈的环保意识。 [自主解答] D 技法二：观点态度题——忠于措辞法 【设题特点】 所谓作者的观点和态度,就是作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此,在推断过程中应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法,或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。 【思维导图】 [典例](2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D) Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. 34.What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 【解题过程】 第一步　锁定题干关键词: the popularization of emotional intelligence 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据选段第一句中的“Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.”可知,作者认为情商的普及整体上利大于弊。由此可推知,作者对于情商的普及持支持态度。 [自主解答] A 技法三：写作手法题——行文逻辑法 【设题特点】 所谓写作手法题，就是针对某些段落、某些内容进行深入挖掘，判断其行文逻辑。最常考的写作手法是举例说明。考生应学会借助于语境关键词和特定术语作答。 【思维导图】 [典例](2021八省联考卷阅读,C) Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball. Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he “magically” makes it appear whole again by displaying(展示) another object that has not been cut or burned. 30. What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs? A. Providing examples.　　 B. Making a summary. C. Drawing comparisons. D. Explaining a concept. 【解题过程】 第一步　锁定题干中关键词: the author focus on in the last two paragraphs 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据关键词定位信息句“For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour.”和“What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else.”可知,作者在举例子。 [自主解答]　 A 　  技法四：写作意图题——文体特点法 【设题特点】 各种文体的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的题。通常情况下,作者在文中不直接陈述自己的写作目的,而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以,这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。 【思维导图】 [典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,D) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 【解题过程】 第一步　锁定题干关键词: purpose, writing the text 第二步　浏览全文,了解大意: 第一段:介绍新书《人工智能设计》 第二段:介绍本书作者的背景 第三、四段:概述书中的主要论点、观点及意义 第五段:进行总结,再次强烈推荐这本书。 [自主解答] A 技法五：文章出处题/写作对象题——体裁内容法 【设题特点】 文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。写作对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的写作对象。 【思维导图】 [典例](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,C) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world... In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. ... Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智),wealth or faith of the subject....From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader... 28. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 【解题过程】 推理判断题。考查对文章出处的推断。根据第一段的第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...”以及第二段的第一句“In this ‘book of books,’...”可知,文章描述了这本书的主题和内容,很有可能是一本书的序言或者简介。 [自主解答]　 A 　  技法六：预测下段题——文末推断法 【解题策略】 考生在阅读全文基础上，“预测下段”类试题应注意以下两点策略： 1. 从最后一段入手。 有时候，作者在最后一段提到一个话题，但是没有充分说明，因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。 2. 从第一段入手。 实用类说明文往往采用“总分”或者“总分总”结构，即第一段总体概况说明，然后分段阐述。因此只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容，顺藤摸瓜，即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。 【解题步骤】 1.做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间； 2.划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率； 3.错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。 [典例](2023全国乙卷,C) What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 31. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 【解题过程】 第一步　锁定题干关键词: might, continue talking about 第二步　浏览全文,了解大意: 根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。 [自主解答]　 B 　  （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：高考真题推理判断题片段训练】 【片段01】(2024全国甲卷第31题) 【原文】Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【解析】推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。 【片段02】(2023年新高考I卷第35题) 【原文】In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。 【片段03】 (2011安徽卷第63题) 【原文】For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the 1ate 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This al1owed them to people in almost all1 areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. 63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. The advantage of wind power. B. The design of wind power plants. C. The worldwide movement to save energy. D. The global trend towards producing power from wind. 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind . ( 在20世纪70年代，人们开始担心煤炭和天然气燃烧发电造成的污染。人们还意识到，煤炭和天然气的供应不会永远持续下去。然后，风能被重新发现，尽管这意味着更高的成本。今天，全球正在进行一场运动，希望通过使用风能提供越来越多的电力。)”可知，最后一段讲述了二十世纪七十年代，人们更加注重环保，而且认识到煤和气的短缺；而尽管成本较高，但是风能的特点是洁净并丰富的。如今，全球范围内正在发起利用风能发电的运动。因此推断下一段将会讲述全球利用风能发电的情况。故选D项。 【片段04】(2023新高考I卷第28题) 【原文】The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. 28. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。 【调研05】 (2022新高考I卷第21题) 【原文】 Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) … Late Work … 21. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 【解析】推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C。 【片段06】（2024新课标I卷第27题） Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 27.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 【片段07】（2024新课标I卷第27题） Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 【类型二：高考真题推理判断题语篇训练】 【2025·浙江1月卷】As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it – they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.” Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles – a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A. To reduce stereotypes. B. To meet public demand. C. To cut production costs. D. To encourage competition. 33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A. Design a product. B. Respond to a survey. C. Work as assistants. D. Take a language test. 34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A. They cannot be mass-produced. B. Naming them is a challenging task. C. People assume they are unreliable. D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The quality of genderless products. B. The upside of gendering a product. C. The meaning of anthropomorphism. D. The stereotypes of men and women. 【导读】这篇文章探讨了技术产品中的性别化现象，指出去性别化的必要性以及性别在产品设计中的深层含义。 【解析】 32. A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的People are stereotyping their gendered objects in very traditional ways ... 和Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. 可知，人们以传统方式对有性别特征的物品形成刻板印象，而解决这一问题的简单方法就是将性别元素从新技术中去除，所以让新技术无性别化的目的是减少刻板印象，故A 项正确。 33. B。推理判断题。根据第二段中的Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.”可知，Martin 要求参与者对数字语音助手和名为“Miuu”的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性及不区分性别的版本的依恋程度进行评级，由此可推测，这项研究采用了调查法，参与者需要对相关的调查内容作出回应，故B 项符合文意。 34. D。推理判断题。从第四段中的Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it —they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”可知，即便物品名字听起来没有性别区分，人们还是会给它赋予性别，这表明性别观念在人们的思维中根深蒂固，所以很难创造出无性别物品，故D 项正确。 35. B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段首句Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.”可知，Martin 看到给产品赋予性别有积极的一面，随后举例说明，故B 项正确。 【2025·八省联考卷】Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day. Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors, was waiting just like every day before. And just like every day before, he got into the jump seat and they were off. On the route, Jim and Butch had become inseparable. Now, the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together. At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories. It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us. 24. What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph? A. He’s open-minded. B. He’s sharp-eyed. C. He’s warm-hearted. D. He’s strong-willed. 25. What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Refused. B. Criticized. C. Investigated. D. Suspended. 26. What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work? A. He drove Butch to its owner. B. He sent presents to his friends. C. He prepared a retirement party. D. He said goodbye to the neighbors. 27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a respected mail carrier. B. To record an unforgettable experience. C. To raise funds for the postal service. D. To call for harmony in the community. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。 24. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns (草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise.(他知道所有孩子和他们宠物的名字；他把杂货搬进来；他注意到那些没锁的门，提供园艺方面的建议，还教了几个小男孩曲球的艺术。当他不做这些事情的时候，吉姆会跑过棋盘状的绿色草坪，以确保当地的邮政服务不会达不到每天的承诺)”可推知，吉姆·约翰逊是一个热心肠的人。故选C项。 25.词句猜测题。根据划线单词句“Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on.(虽然邮政服务现在经常disparaged，但人们对当地邮政服务的信任仍然存在)”可知，前后句是转折关系，后半句说对当地邮政服务的信任依然存在，那么前半句应该是说邮政服务现在常被批评，由此表明，邮政服务经常被看不起或批评。由此可知，划线词disparaged与“Criticized(批评)”意思相近。故选B项。 26.细节理解题。根据第三段中“At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories.(每到一站，吉姆都会接受那些已经成为他自己的家人的告别祝福。有泪水，有欢笑，有充满温暖回忆的拥抱)”可知，吉姆在工作的最后几天除了每天送货外，还向邻居们告别。故选D项。 27. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us.(吉姆离开这条路线已经33年了，但我们仍然记得社区和邮递员之间建立的深厚联系。这就是邮政服务对我们的意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了吉姆·约翰逊这位邮递员在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。故选A项。 【类型三：推理判断题名校好题调研】 【调研01】 （24-25高三上·广东深圳·期末）Technology with roots going back to the Bronze Age may offer a fast and inexpensive solution to help achieve the United Nations climate goal of net zero emissions by 2050. The technology involves arranging heat-absorbing firebricks in an insulated (隔热的) container, where they store heat generated by solar or wind power for later use and maintain it at the high temperatures required for industrial processes. When needed, the heat can be released by passing air through channels in the layers of the bricks, thus allowing steel, glass, and paper factories to run on renewable energy even when wind and sunlight are unavailable. The bricks are made from the same materials as the insulating bricks used thousands of years ago. Today, about 17% of all carbon dioxide emissions (排放) worldwide come from burning fossil fuels to produce heat for industrial processes. Generating industrial heat from renewable sources could all but remove these emissions. “By storing energy in the form closest to its end use, you reduce inefficiencies in energy transition,” said the researchers. “It’s said in our field that’ if you want hot showers, store hot water’; so this study can be summarized as ‘if you need heat for industry, store it in firebricks.’” The researchers examined the impact of using firebricks to store industrial process heat in149 countries by using computer models to assess costs, land requirements, health impacts, and emissions in two situations for an assumed future where those countries in 2050 are using renewables for all energy purposes. In one situation, firebricks provide 90% of industrial process heat. In the other, there’s zero adoption of firebricks or other heat energy storage for industrial processes. The researchers found firebricks enable a faster and lower-cost transition to renewables. Specifically, the situation with firebricks could cut capital costs by $1.27 trillion across the 149 countries relative to the situation with no firebrick storage, while reducing demand for energy from the electricity supply. “What excites us is that the substantial benefit at low cost from multiple angles, from helping to reduce air pollution related deaths to easing global transition to clean renewables,” researchers commented. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the firebrick? A．Its key composition. B．Its potential limitations. C．Its working principle. D．Its historical background. 2．What can we learn about the firebrick in paragraph 3? A．It increases the use of fossil fuels. B．It helps to generate industrial heat. C．It contributes to energy sustainability. D．It stores energy in the form of hot water. 3．How did the researchers arrive at their conclusion in paragraph 4? A．By making a comparison. B．By presenting a phenomenon. C．By analyzing cause and effect. D．By building a computer model. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Firebricks Are the Future of Industrial Technology B．The Solar Power Helps Achieve Net Zero Emissions C．Renewable Energy Dominates Industrial Production D．Bronze Age Technology Could Aid Clean Energy Shift 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过介绍一种利用火砖储存热能的技术，详细阐述了其工作原理、潜在应用以及对实现联合国2050年净零排放气候目标的可能贡献。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The technology involves arranging heat-absorbing firebricks in an insulated (隔热的) container, where they store heat generated by solar or wind power for later use and maintain it at the high temperatures required for industrial processes. When needed, the heat can be released by passing air through channels in the layers of the bricks, thus allowing steel, glass, and paper factories to run on renewable energy even when wind and sunlight are unavailable. The bricks are made from the same materials as the insulating bricks used thousands of years ago.(这项技术包括将吸热耐火砖放置在一个隔热容器中，在容器中储存太阳能或风能产生的热量供以后使用，并将其保持在工业过程所需的高温下。当需要时，热量可以通过砖块层中的通道通过空气释放出来，这样即使在没有风和阳光的情况下，钢铁、玻璃和造纸厂也可以使用可再生能源。这些砖的材料与几千年前使用的隔热砖相同)”可知，本段主要讲述了防火砖的工作原理。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Today, about 17% of all carbon dioxide emissions (排放) worldwide come from burning fossil fuels to produce heat for industrial processes. Generating industrial heat from renewable sources could all but remove these emissions. “By storing energy in the form closest to its end use, you reduce inefficiencies in energy transition,” said the researchers. “It’s said in our field that’ if you want hot showers, store hot water’; so this study can be summarized as ‘if you need heat for industry, store it in firebricks.’”(今天，全世界大约17%的二氧化碳排放来自燃烧化石燃料为工业生产过程供热。利用可再生能源生产工业热几乎可以消除这些排放。研究人员说：“通过以最接近其最终用途的形式储存能量，你可以减少能源转换的低效率。”“在我们的领域里，有人说‘如果你想洗热水澡，就储存热水’；因此，这项研究可以总结为‘如果你需要工业供热，那就把它储存在耐火砖里。’”)”可知，本段提及防火砖能减少能量转换的低效情况，也能减少碳排放，可知其有助于能源可持续性发展。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The researchers examined the impact of using firebricks to store industrial process heat in149 countries by using computer models to assess costs, land requirements, health impacts, and emissions in two situations for an assumed future where those countries in 2050 are using renewables for all energy purposes. In one situation, firebricks provide 90% of industrial process heat. In the other, there’s zero adoption of firebricks or other heat energy storage for industrial processes. The researchers found firebricks enable a faster and lower-cost transition to renewables. Specifically, the situation with firebricks could cut capital costs by $1.27 trillion across the 149 countries relative to the situation with no firebrick storage, while reducing demand for energy from the electricity supply.(研究人员对149个国家使用耐火砖储存工业过程热量的影响进行了研究，他们使用计算机模型评估了成本、土地需求、健康影响和两种情况下的排放，假设这些国家在2050年所有能源目的都使用可再生能源。在一种情况下，耐火砖提供了90%的工业过程热量。另一方面，在工业过程中没有采用耐火砖或其他热能储存。研究人员发现耐火砖可以更快、更低成本地过渡到可再生能源。具体来说，与没有耐火砖储能相比，使用耐火砖储能可以在149个国家削减1.27万亿美元的资本成本，同时减少对电力供应的能源需求)”可知，研究人员通过计算有耐火砖和没用耐火砖之间的结果来得出结论，所以是通过比较。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Technology with roots going back to the Bronze Age may offer a fast and inexpensive solution to help achieve the United Nations climate goal of net zero emissions by 2050.(可以追溯到青铜器时代的技术可能会提供一种快速而廉价的解决方案，帮助实现联合国2050年净零排放的气候目标)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要围绕一种复古的技术“防火砖”如何帮助清洁能源发展这一主题展开，强调了这一技术对能源转型的重要作用，所以D项“青铜时代的技术有助于清洁能源的转变”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。 【调研02】（24-25高三上·山西太原·期末）As a writer specializing in psychology and human cognition (认知) ,I’ve explored countless tricks to boost brainpower. Yet, few have proven as surprisingly effective as the ancient practice of illeism. Politicians often use this device to sound more objective, as Julius Caesar did in his account of the Gallic War, writing “Caesar avenged (为……报仇) the public” instead of “I avenged the public.” Simply put, illeism is the act of referring to oneself in the third person instead of the first person. Talking about yourself this way might sound overly formal or unusual to modern ears, but science says it works wonders. When tough decisions come knocking, speaking in the third person can help you stay calm, cutting through those messy emotions that often cloud our judgment. It’s like giving your brain a little space to see the big picture. Research by Igor Grossmann at the University of Waterloo shows that we’re naturally better at being “wise” when dealing with other people’s problems than our own. This is known as Solomon’s Paradox (悖论), which explains why giving your best friend advice is a breeze (微风), but solving your own is a drama. Can illeism help solve this paradox? Grossmann’s research suggests it can. By shifting to the third person, we step back from our negative emotions and gain another perspective. Studies show that people who tried this displayed more modesty — basically, they made clearer decisions and leveled up their wisdom game. One study even found that participants who journaled in the third person for a month started seeing everyday situations in a whole new light. They also reported feeling less stressed and more positive. I’ve tried it myself, and honestly, it works! Whether it’s challenging work decisions, family dilemmas, or handling friendships, this little mental shift has helped me see things more clearly and act more thoughtfully. Sure, it might sound a little odd at first, but it’s incredibly effective. If you’ re looking for a fun, easy way to clear your head, why not give it a shot? Who knows— you might just discover your inner Caesar. 1．Why is Julius Caesar’s example cited in the first paragraph? A．To reveal the source of illeism. B．To prove the effectiveness of illeism. C．To show the intelligence of politicians. D．To explain the development of a language. 2．Which of the following sayings best reflects Solomon’s Paradox? A．Out of sight, out of mind. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．A problem shared is a problem halved. D．You can’t read the label from inside the jar. 3．How does illeism aid decision-making? A．People can accept others’ advice with modesty. B．People can adjust personal habits to handle issues. C．People can perfect their judgment by increasing wisdom. D．People can gain a fresh perspective with positive emotions. 4．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A psychology blog. B．A historical biography. C．A self-help guide. D．A scientific journal. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了心理学和认知领域的专家通过研究发现，使用第三人称代替第一人称（即使用代词“他/她”代替“我”来指代自己）这一古老的修辞手法（illeism）可以让人在面临艰难抉择时保持冷静，避开杂乱情绪对判断的干扰，有助于更清楚地看待事情，做出更有智慧的选择，并能减轻压力和增加积极情绪。 1．推理判断题。第一段中“Yet, few have proven as surprisingly effective as the ancient practice of illeism. (然而，很少有像illeism这种古老的做法被证明如此惊人地有效。)”以及“Politicians often use this device to sound more objective, as Julius Caesar did in his account of the Gallic War, writing “Caesar avenged (为……报仇) the public” instead of “I avenged the public.” Simply put, illeism is the act of referring to oneself in the third person instead of the first person.(政治家们经常使用这种手法来使自己听起来更客观，就像朱利叶斯·凯撒在他的《高卢战记》中所做的那样，他写道“凯撒为公众复仇了”，而不是“我为公众复仇了”。简而言之，illeism就是用第三人称指代自己，而不是用第一人称。)”可知，第一段中提到Julius Caesar的例子是为了证明像illeism这种古老的做法被证明如此惊人地有效，即为了证明illeism的有效性。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Research by Igor Grossmann at the University of Waterloo shows that we’re naturally better at being “wise” when dealing with other people’s problems than our own. This is known as Solomon’s Paradox (悖论), which explains why giving your best friend advice is a breeze (微风), but solving your own is a drama.(滑铁卢大学伊戈尔·格罗斯曼的研究表明，在处理别人的问题时，我们天生就比处理自己的问题时更“明智”。这被称为所罗门悖论，它解释了为什么给最好的朋友提建议轻而易举，但解决自己的问题却充满曲折。)”可知，所罗门悖论指的是人们在处理别人的问题时往往比处理自己的问题时更明智。选项D“You can’t read the label from inside the jar. (你往往难以看清自己的问题)”恰好反映了这一悖论，意味着人们往往难以看清自己的问题，就像无法从罐子内部看清标签一样。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“By shifting to the third person, we step back from our negative emotions and gain another perspective. (通过切换到第三人称，我们从负面情绪中抽身出来，获得了另一个视角)”以及“Studies show that people who tried this displayed more modesty — basically, they made clearer decisions and leveled up their wisdom game.(研究表明，尝试过这种方法的人表现得更谦虚——基本上，他们做出了更清晰的决定，提升了他们的智慧水平。)”可知，illeism（用第三人称指代自己）有助于决策，因为它使人们能够从负面情绪中抽离出来，从而获得一个新的视角来看待问题，由此做出更清晰的决定。因此，D选项“People can gain a fresh perspective with positive emotions.(人们可以用积极的情绪获得一个新的视角)”符合题意。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了illeism（用第三人称指代自己）这一做法在心理学和认知领域的应用和效果，说明其有助于人们在面临决策时保持冷静，避开杂乱情绪对判断的干扰。由此推断出这篇文章很可能来自一个心理学博客。故选A。 【调研03】（24-25高三上·宁夏石嘴山·期末）Parenting can feel like sailing in an endless sea of choices, styles and ideas, never knowing if you are making the right decision for your child or not. On the one hand, no two children are the same. On the other hand, there must be some similarities or at least some general methods that work for all children and that are worth following. Whether you believe in rigorous boundaries or offering total freedom, it’s all about balance. And that is what lighthouse parenting, the new and modern parenting style that is becoming more and more popular, is all about. Lighthouse parenting, founded by Dr. Ken Ginsburg, is a parenting style that is all about the most important aspects of parenting, such as open communication, according to Parents. Lighthouse parenting, he explained, is about maintaining the balance between providing your child with guidance, love and protection, while also allowing them to make their own mistakes and learn things on their own. Some parenting styles such as helicopter parenting, are less about giving your child freedom and allowing them to experience things on their own. Lighthouse parenting, like the name suggests, believes in being there for your child like a lighthouse is there at night, available and present when needed, however not providing solutions all the time, therefore allowing the child to grow and learn to be independent. According to the Children’s Book Council (CBC), this parenting style is becoming popular as parents are looking for a middle ground in parenting, something that does not add too much pressure on them. There is too much information out there for parents nowadays and it can get overwhelming. Lighthouse parenting seems to be a more reasonable choice. Children that are raised in this style can become healthy, functional adults, as they are given the tools to understand the world and to be well-adjusted. They aren’t scared of making mistakes and also take responsibility for them. Their parents also are less burnt out, as they are able to take a step back and be there for their child more in the background. 1．What does the underlined word “rigorous” mean in paragraph 2? A．Strict. B．Free. C．Consistent. D．General. 2．How does the author explain the parenting styles in paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By justifying assumptions. C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing causes and effects. 3．Why do parents prefer lighthouse parenting according to the CBC? A．It is a new and trendy concept. B．It stops putting additional stress on them. C．It requires minimum effort from parents. D．It ensures kids’ perfect behavior. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Free-range Parenting: The New Parenting Style B．Helicopter Parenting: Overprotective Parenting Style C．Lighthouse Parenting: The Uninvolved Parenting Style D．Lighthouse Parenting: The Balanced Parenting Style 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了灯塔式育儿这一新的育儿方式，强调平衡，开放沟通和适度指导。 1．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…boundaries or offering total freedom, it’s all about balance.(……界限还是提供完全的自由，这都是关于平衡的。)”可知，此句表明rigorous boundaries和offering total freedom是相对的概念，total freedom表示完全自由，那么与之相对的rigorous应表示严格，即严格的界限，A选项“Strict（严格的）”符合语境。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Some parenting styles such as helicopter parenting, are less about giving your child freedom and allowing them to experience things on their own. Lighthouse parenting, like the name suggests, believes in being there for your child like a lighthouse is there at night, available and present when needed, however not providing solutions all the time, therefore allowing the child to grow and learn to be independent.( 有些教育方式，比如直升机式教育，不太会给孩子自由，让他们自己去体验。灯塔式育儿，顾名思义，就是要像灯塔一样陪伴在孩子身边，在需要的时候随时出现，但不是一直提供解决方案，从而让孩子成长并学会独立。)”可推知，作者是通过对比解释育儿方式的。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“According to the Children’s Book Council (CBC), this parenting style is becoming popular as parents are looking for a middle ground in parenting, something that does not add too much pressure on them.( 根据儿童图书委员会（CBC）的说法，这种育儿方式正变得越来越流行，因为父母们正在寻找一种中间地带，一种不会给他们带来太多压力的育儿方式。)”可知，家长更喜欢灯塔式教育是因为它不会给他们增加太多压力。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段“Whether you believe in rigorous boundaries or offering total freedom, it’s all about balance. And that is what lighthouse parenting, the new and modern parenting style that is becoming more and more popular, is all about.( 无论你相信严格的界限还是提供完全的自由，这都是关于平衡的。这就是灯塔式教育，一种越来越流行的新型现代教育方式。)”可知，文章主要介绍了灯塔式育儿方式，强调它在给予孩子指导、关爱和保护的同时，让孩子自己犯错并学习，注重平衡，D选项“Lighthouse Parenting: The Balanced Parenting Style（灯塔式育儿：平衡的育儿方式）”能准确概括文章主旨。故选D项。 【调研04】（24-25高三上·山东临沂·期末）In October 2020, the United Nations Global Biodiversity Outlook announced that no government had met a single target to stop biodiversity loss in the last decade. Examples include rising deforestation and declining bee populations. To succeed in conserving biodiversity, we must first expand our understanding of biodiversity. Biodiversity conversations tend to focus on certain plants and animals while ignoring others. People often regard trees and bees as the foundation of nature. For conservation campaigns, it pays —literally — to be a large mammal that people can easily identify with or a species that seems directly useful to humans. We also try to protect species with obvious commercial interest, such as tuna and the honeybee. Viewing biodiversity too narrowly does more harm than good. Many species are too small, too few, too ugly, or still undiscovered for us to notice them. Let’s not make these the reasons why they are overlooked. Pollinators (传粉者) are an essential part of biodiversity: Up to 90%of plants rely on animals for pollination, with bees often springing to mind. Yet, pollinators are much more than bees. There are about 20, 000 species of bees out of 350, 000 known pollinators. In Europe, honeybees are important for crops production. However, in warmer climates, plants like the fig tree rely on specific wasps and moths (飞蛾) for pollination. If we consider the most important pollinator in terms of pollinator diversity, moths and butterflies, with more than 140, 000 species, win the title. But we shouldn’t be asking which are the most important, or the most numerous. No single pollinator can get the job done. We need a variety of pollinators to support our ecosystems. Taking a narrow view of biodiversity hides nature’s true wonder. Instead, we should appreciate species not through a human-centered lens, but rather as equally cynical parts of incredible, complex and life-giving systems. All species deserve recognition. It is only then that we will be able to safeguard nature. 1．Which can best explain the underlined “pays” in paragraph 2? A．Brings advantage. B．Benefits nature. C．Makes profits. D．Faces risks. 2．Why are moths and butterflies mentioned? A．To stress their role in pollination. B．To highlight their beauty and diversity. C．To show their superior importance over bees. D．To prove biodiversity goes beyond mere quantity. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Biodiversity serves as the foundation of nature. B．All species play an essential role in ecosystems. C．A human-centered view leads to biodiversity loss. D．Identifying all species is the key to protecting nature. 4．What is main idea of the text? A．Endangered species call for conservation efforts. B．A broader view of biodiversity conservation is needed. C．Human activities are the primary causes of biodiversity loss. D．Governments struggle to meet biodiversity conservation targets. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例说明了生物多样性中传粉者的重要性，并指出不应仅从人类中心主义的角度看待物种，而应认识到所有物种都是生态系统中不可或缺的部分，呼吁人们以更广阔的视角看待和保护生物多样性。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“For conservation campaigns, it pays —literally — to be a large mammal that people can easily identify with or a species that seems directly useful to humans. We also try to protect species with obvious commercial interest, such as tuna and the honeybee.( 对于保护运动来说，成为一种人们很容易识别的大型哺乳动物，或者是一种似乎对人类直接有用的物种，是……的。我们还要努力保护具有明显商业利益的物种，如金枪鱼和蜜蜂)”可知，对于保护运动来说，从字面上讲，成为一个人们容易认同的大型哺乳动物，或者一个对人类似乎有直接用处的物种，是“值得的”。我们还要努力保护那些具有明显商业利益的物种，如金枪鱼和蜜蜂。划线词后的破折号表示解释说明，从后文可知此处指的是“有好处，有优势”，A项“Brings advantage(带来优势)”，符合题意。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ If we consider the most important pollinator in terms of pollinator diversity, moths and butterflies, with more than 140, 000 species, win the title. But we shouldn’t be asking which are the most important, or the most numerous. No single pollinator can get the job done. We need a variety of pollinators to support our ecosystems.(如果从传粉者多样性的角度来考虑最重要的传粉者，那么拥有 14 万多种的蛾类和蝴蝶将摘得桂冠。但我们不应该问哪种传粉者最重要，或者哪种数量最多。没有哪一种传粉者可以独自完成传粉工作。我们需要多种多样的传粉者来支撑我们的生态系统。)”可知，没有单一的传粉者能完成传粉这项工作。我们需要各种各样的传粉者来支持我们的生态系统，此处提到蛾子和蝴蝶是为了强调它们在传粉中的作用。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Taking a narrow view of biodiversity hides nature’s true wonder. Instead, we should appreciate species not through a human-centered lens, but rather as equally cynical parts of incredible, complex and life-giving systems. All species deserve recognition. It is only then that we will be able to safeguard nature.( 狭隘地看待生物多样性掩盖了自然界的真正奇妙之处。相反，我们应该从非人类中心的角度去欣赏物种，而是把它们视为令人难以置信的、复杂的、赋予生命的系统中同样重要的组成部分。所有物种都应该得到认可。只有这样，我们才能保护自然。)”可知，我们不应仅从人类中心主义的角度看待物种，而应认识到所有物种都是生态系统中不可或缺的部分，呼吁人们以更广阔的视角看待和保护生物多样性。由此可推知，所有物种在生态系统中都发挥着重要作用，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“To succeed in conserving biodiversity, we must first expand our understanding of biodiversity.( 要成功保护生物多样性，我们首先要扩大对生物多样性的理解。)”以及通读全文可知，文章说明了保护生物多样性首先要扩大对生物多样性的理解，因为狭隘地看待生物多样性不仅无益反而有害，以蜜蜂为例，传粉者远不止蜜蜂，所有物种都应该得到认可，只有这样才能保护自然，由此可知，“A broader view of biodiversity conservation is needed.(需要更广泛地看待生物多样性保护)”能够概括文章主要内容。故选B。 【调研05】（24-25高三上·山东菏泽·期末）On Christmas eve in 1956, the late Michael Bond bought a small toy bear that had been left on the shelf in a London store because he felt sorry for it. He took it home as a present for his wife and named it Paddington, after the railway station. Michael began writing about the bear from Darkest Peru and discovered he had a book on his hands. A Bear Called Paddington was published on 13th October 1958 and a whole series of tales about the charming character followed. They have been since adapted for TV and film and have stimulated the imaginations of millions. The real inspiration behind Paddington Bear is the Andean bear from South America’s cloud forests. The Andean bear is the only bear species in South America and is known for the light fur around its eyes, like glasses. The light color may variably extend down to the animals’ throats and chests, giving each individual a unique set of markings. Andean bears’ thick coats are usually either black or brown, occasionally with red. The actual Andean bear is mostly vegetarian (素食者), with a diet of bromeliad leaves, bamboo, berries, and fruits, though it also eats meat occasionally. They are found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, living in various habitats from 5,000m to 200m above sea level. The IUCN Red List estimates about 10,000 adults globally, with Bolivia and Peru likely having the most due to habitat quality and size. Andean bears require large and preferably undisturbed protected areas, and therefore need landscape-scale conservation efforts. Andean bears are excellent climbers and commonly build tree platforms from surrounding vegetation (植被), on which they rest, eat and guard feeding areas. The species tends to be most active during the day, but its movement varies seasonally and between geographic areas. 1．What function does paragraph 1 serve in the text? A．To set the tone. B．To lead in the topic. C．To preview the structure. D．To present the writing purpose. 2．What is one of the most distinctive features of the Andean bear? A．Its fur marking. B．Its living habitat. C．Its eating habit. D．Its literary image. 3．Why are Bolivia and Peru likely to have the most Andean bears? A．They build tree platforms. B．They provide plenty of food. C．They can offer suitable habitats. D．They have experienced conservationists. 4．What might be introduced about Andean bears following the last paragraph? A．Their activities. B．Their appearance. C．Their entertainment. D．Their hunting seasons. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安第斯熊这种动物的特点、习性以及生存情况等。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“On Christmas eve in 1956, the late Michael Bond bought a small toy bear that had been left on the shelf in a London store because he felt sorry for it. He took it home as a present for his wife and named it Paddington, after the railway station. Michael began writing about the bear from Darkest Peru and discovered he had a book on his hands. A Bear Called Paddington was published on 13th October 1958 and a whole series of tales about the charming character followed. They have been since adapted for TV and film and have stimulated the imaginations of millions.(1956年的圣诞节前夕，已故的迈克尔·邦德在伦敦一家商店的货架上买了一只小玩具熊，因为他为它感到难过。他把它带回家作为送给妻子的礼物，并以火车站的名字命名为帕丁顿。迈克尔开始写这只来自秘鲁最黑暗的熊，并发现他手头有一本书。《帕丁顿熊》于1958年10月13日出版，随后又出版了一系列关于这个迷人人物的故事。这些故事后来被改编成电视剧和电影，激发了数百万人的想象力)”可知，第1段作用是引出文章话题。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Andean bear is the only bear species in South America and is known for the light fur around its eyes, like glasses. The light color may variably extend down to the animals’ throats and chests, giving each individual a unique set of markings.(安第斯熊是南美洲唯一的熊类，以其眼睛周围的浅色皮毛而闻名，就像眼镜一样。浅色可能会延伸到动物的喉咙和胸部，给每个个体一套独特的标记)”可知，安第斯熊最独特的特征之一是其皮毛的斑纹，每只熊都有独特的斑纹，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The IUCN Red List estimates about 10,000 adults globally, with Bolivia and Peru likely having the most due to habitat quality and size.(世界自然保护联盟红色名录估计，全球约有1万只成年安第斯熊，由于栖息地的质量和面积，玻利维亚和秘鲁可能是最多的)”可知，玻利维亚和秘鲁可能拥有最多的安第斯熊因为能提供适宜的栖息地。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The species tends to be most active during the day, but its movement varies seasonally and between geographic areas.(该物种往往在白天最活跃，但其运动随季节和地理区域而变化)”可知，接下来可能会继续介绍安第斯熊的活动，故选A。 【调研06】（24-25高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）A decade ago, Kari Leibowitz traveled to Tromso, a city located above the Arctic Circle in Norway, to study a curious phenomenon. Although the city experiences polar night, a time of darkness when the sun doesn’t rise above the horizon for two months of the year, its residents didn’t tend to think the long winter as depressing. In fact, they saw it as a time of opportunity. This positive outlook toward the season is what Leibowitz calls “wintertime mindset (心态)”. She has also observed it among people in her research trips across Scandinavia, the Nordic region, northern Japan and other places with extreme winters. Leibowitz, a health psychologist explains how to hug this attitude in a book published in October, How to Winter, Harness Your Mindset to Thrive on Cold, Dark, or Difficult Days. “Winter can be comfortable, magical and refreshing.” she says. “We just need to lead ourselves toward the good things about it. In fact, in a study from 2020, Leibowitz found that the further north people lived the more positive their wintertime mindset was, because they have no choice. When they have such an extreme change between seasons, they need to adjust their behavior and adapt the way they’re living according to the season. This adaptation is really healthy and useful. Many studies have shown that mindsets impact our physical functioning, our emotional health, how we move throughout the world. When you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things you enjoy about the season. The way that going for an evening walk in the winter makes you feel refreshed, or the way that the indirect light of winter is really beautiful and extremely well-suited for comfortable activities like reading, baking or writing. 1．What will you experience in the city Tromso? A．You can experience the polar day. B．You can’t see the sun for 2 months. C．You can’t admire the moon for long. D．You can watch the sun rise every day. 2．What is the residents’ attitude toward the long winter in Tromso? A．Depressed. B．Concerned. C．Disappointed. D．Optimistic 3．Which one belongs to Leibowitz’s winter rime mindset? A．Winter is cold, wonderful but uncomfortable and unpleasant. B．People in colder countries don’t understand the magic of winter. C．The more positive your mindset, the more likely you are to enjoy winter. D．People who live in the further north usually don’t like winter. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．The definition of mindset. B．The influence of mindset. C．The attitude towards winter. D．The activities in winter. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主讲述了健康心理学家Leibowitz通过自己去北极的经历并通过多年的研究表明：越是生活在寒冷地方的人们，他们对冬天的心态越是健康。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Although the city experiences polar night, a time of darkness when the sun doesn’t rise above the horizon for two months of the year, its residents didn’t tend to think the long winter as depressing.(虽然这座城市经历了极夜，一年中有两个月太阳不会在地平线上升起的黑暗时期，但它的居民并不倾向于认为漫长的冬天令人沮丧)”可知，你会在特罗姆瑟体验到2个月看不到太阳。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段“Although the city experiences polar night, a time of darkness when the sun doesn’t rise above the horizon for two months of the year, its residents didn’t tend to think the long winter as depressing. In fact, they saw it as a time of opportunity. (虽然这座城市经历了极夜，一年中有两个月太阳不会在地平线上升起的黑暗时期，但它的居民并不倾向于认为漫长的冬天令人沮丧。事实上，他们认为这是一个机会的时间)”可知他们的态度是非常积极和乐观的。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“In fact, in a study from 2020, Leibowitz found that the further north people lived the more positive their wintertime mindset was, because they have no choice.(事实上，在2020年的一项研究中，莱博维茨发现，住得越靠北的人冬天的心态就越积极，因为他们别无选择)”和第五段“When you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things you enjoy about the season.(当你的心态是冬天是美好的，你更有可能注意到并专注于你在这个季节喜欢的事情)”可知，莱博维茨的冬季心态是你的心态越积极，你就越有可能享受冬天。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Many studies have shown that mindsets impact our physical functioning, our emotional health, how we move throughout the world. When you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things you enjoy about the season. The way that going for an evening walk in the winter makes you feel refreshed, or the way that the indirect light of winter is really beautiful and extremely well-suited for comfortable activities like reading, baking or writing.(许多研究表明，心态会影响我们的身体机能、情绪健康，以及我们在世界上的行动方式。当你的心态是冬天是美好的，你更有可能注意到并专注于你在这个季节喜欢的事情。冬天晚上的散步让你感觉神清气爽，或者冬天的间接光线真的很美，非常适合阅读、烘焙或写作等舒适的活动)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了心态的影响力。故选B。 ( 10 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点15 阅读理解之推理判断题 【考点统计】 2022-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2025八省联考卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 【命题趋势】 一、考查内容方面 1. 深度理解要求提高：不再单纯考查对表面文字的理解，而是更注重考生对文章深层含义、作者隐含意图和态度等的挖掘，需要考生基于文本信息进行合理的逻辑推理和判断。例如，通过文中人物的具体行为和语言来推断其性格特点、心理状态等。 2. 强调语篇整体理解：常要求考生整合全文或多个段落的信息进行综合推断，不能仅依靠某一句话或某一段内容。如根据文章不同段落中对事件的描述，推断事件发展的后续走向或最终结果。 3. 文化背景考查融入：随着选材更加注重原汁原味的英语文章，涉及的文化背景知识增多，考生需要具备一定的文化常识和跨文化交际意识，才能准确理解文章并做出合理推断。比如对一些西方文化习俗、社会现象等背景知识的了解，有助于理解相关文章并推理出正确答案。 二、语篇选材方面 1. 选材多元化：题材涵盖日常生活、科技、文化、社会、经济等各个领域，紧跟时代热点，如人工智能、环境保护、社交媒体影响等。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，每种体裁都有其独特的推理判断考查点。 2. 语篇难度提升：词汇量有所增加，可能会出现一些超纲词汇但可通过上下文推测词义，语句结构更加复杂多样，长难句增多，对考生的语言理解能力和分析能力提出更高要求。 三、设题与选项设计方面 1. 设题方式灵活：题干的表述更加多样化，不再局限于传统的“infer”“imply”“suggest”等词，可能会以更具体、更贴近文本内容的方式提问，如“Based on the passage, what can we learn about...”“What does the author want to convey through...”等。 2. 选项干扰性增强：干扰项的设计更加巧妙，可能会出现与原文部分内容相似但存在细节偏差的情况，或者是符合常识但与文章内容无关的选项，以及过度推理、以偏概全的选项等，需要考生仔细甄别。 推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种:隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作手法题、写作意图题、文章出处/类别题和作者身份/读者对象题。 【考查类型】 【命题特点】 特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及推断作者态度、文章出处、文章类型、写作意图、下段话题等。 35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? （2024新课标I卷，隐含含义题） 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? （2024新课标I卷，写作意图题） 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? （2024全国甲卷，态度推断题） 26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? （2023新课标I卷，人物评价题） 31. What might the author continue talking about? （2023全国乙卷，预测下段题） 21. Where is this text probably taken from? （2022新课标I卷，文章出处题） 29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? （2020浙江卷，写作手法题） 【选项规律】 正确选项特征 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，成为正确选项 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。 语态变化 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。 干扰选项特征 张冠李戴 为原文内容，但与题目文不对题，不符合题目要求。 偷梁换柱 在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分错误。 颠倒是非 与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。 无中生有 符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。 扩缩范围 以偏概全如：almost, all, nearly, never, completely 等绝对词与文章意义不符。 技法一：隐含推断题——据文推理法 【设题特点】 隐含推断题要求考生根据文中的信息进行合理的、适度的逻辑推断,推断出作者没有直接说明的内容,可能会发生的事情,理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。此类题目的题干主要包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(得出结论)和 assume(假定,设想)。 【思维导图】 [典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,C) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. ... Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D. They have a strong environmental awareness. 【解题过程】 第一步　锁定题干关键词: BMF employees 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据题干信息锁定到文本的最后一段。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.”及“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment...”可推知员工具有强烈的环保意识。 [自主解答] 技法二：观点态度题——忠于措辞法 【设题特点】 所谓作者的观点和态度,就是作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此,在推断过程中应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法,或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。 【思维导图】 [典例](2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D) Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life. 34.What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence? A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 【解题过程】 第一步　锁定题干关键词: the popularization of emotional intelligence 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据选段第一句中的“Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.”可知,作者认为情商的普及整体上利大于弊。由此可推知,作者对于情商的普及持支持态度。 [自主解答] 技法三：写作手法题——行文逻辑法 【设题特点】 所谓写作手法题，就是针对某些段落、某些内容进行深入挖掘，判断其行文逻辑。最常考的写作手法是举例说明。考生应学会借助于语境关键词和特定术语作答。 【思维导图】 [典例](2021八省联考卷阅读,C) Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball. Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he “magically” makes it appear whole again by displaying(展示) another object that has not been cut or burned. 30. What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs? A. Providing examples.　　 B. Making a summary. C. Drawing comparisons. D. Explaining a concept. 【解题过程】 第一步　锁定题干中关键词: the author focus on in the last two paragraphs 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据关键词定位信息句“For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour.”和“What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else.”可知,作者在举例子。 [自主解答]　 　  技法四：写作意图题——文体特点法 【设题特点】 各种文体的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的题。通常情况下,作者在文中不直接陈述自己的写作目的,而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以,这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。 【思维导图】 [典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,D) Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 【解题过程】 第一步　锁定题干关键词: purpose, writing the text 第二步　浏览全文,了解大意: 第一段:介绍新书《人工智能设计》 第二段:介绍本书作者的背景 第三、四段:概述书中的主要论点、观点及意义 第五段:进行总结,再次强烈推荐这本书。 [自主解答] 技法五：文章出处题/写作对象题——体裁内容法 【设题特点】 文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。写作对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的写作对象。 【思维导图】 [典例](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,C) Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world... In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. ... Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智),wealth or faith of the subject....From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader... 28. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 【解题过程】 推理判断题。考查对文章出处的推断。根据第一段的第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world...”以及第二段的第一句“In this ‘book of books,’...”可知,文章描述了这本书的主题和内容,很有可能是一本书的序言或者简介。 [自主解答]　 　  技法六：预测下段题——文末推断法 【解题策略】 考生在阅读全文基础上，“预测下段”类试题应注意以下两点策略： 1. 从最后一段入手。 有时候，作者在最后一段提到一个话题，但是没有充分说明，因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。 2. 从第一段入手。 实用类说明文往往采用“总分”或者“总分总”结构，即第一段总体概况说明，然后分段阐述。因此只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容，顺藤摸瓜，即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。 【解题步骤】 1.做题留痕，依据题干在原文圈划答题区间； 2.划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率； 3.错题反思，专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。 [典例](2023全国乙卷,C) What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 31. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 【解题过程】 第一步　锁定题干关键词: might, continue talking about 第二步　浏览全文,了解大意: 根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。 [自主解答]　 　  （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：高考真题推理判断题片段训练】 【调研01】(2024全国甲卷第31题) 【原文】Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【调研02】(2023年新高考I卷第35题) 【原文】In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 【片段03】 (2011安徽卷第63题) 【原文】For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the 1ate 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This al1owed them to people in almost all1 areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind. 63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. The advantage of wind power. B. The design of wind power plants. C. The worldwide movement to save energy. D. The global trend towards producing power from wind. 【片段04】(2023新高考I卷第28题) 【原文】The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. 28. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 【调研05】 (2022新高考I卷第21题) 【原文】 Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%. Group Assignments (30%) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%) … Late Work … 21. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article. 【片段06】（2024新课标I卷第27题） Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 【片段07】（2024新课标I卷第27题） Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【类型二：高考真题推理判断题语篇训练】 【2025·浙江1月卷】As new technologies take on increasingly humanlike qualities, there’s been a push to make them genderless. “People are stereotyping (形成刻板印象) their gendered objects in very traditional ways,” says Ashley Martin, a Stanford associate professor of organizational behavior. Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix this. Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics. In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.” It was found that gender increased users’ feelings of attachment to these devices and their interest in purchasing them. For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. While gendering a product may be good marketing, it may also strengthen outdated or harmful ideas about power and identity. The stereotypes commonly associated with men, such as competitiveness and dominance, are more valued than those associated with women. These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender. Martin’s study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it – they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.” Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism (拟人化) “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” When women are put into positions of leadership like running companies, it reduces negative stereotypes about women. Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles – a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance. 32. What is the purpose of making new technologies genderless? A. To reduce stereotypes. B. To meet public demand. C. To cut production costs. D. To encourage competition. 33. What were the participants probably asked to do in the study? A. Design a product. B. Respond to a survey. C. Work as assistants. D. Take a language test. 34. Why is it difficult to create genderless objects? A. They cannot be mass-produced. B. Naming them is a challenging task. C. People assume they are unreliable. D. Gender is rooted in people’s mind. 35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The quality of genderless products. B. The upside of gendering a product. C. The meaning of anthropomorphism. D. The stereotypes of men and women. 【2025·八省联考卷】Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day. Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors, was waiting just like every day before. And just like every day before, he got into the jump seat and they were off. On the route, Jim and Butch had become inseparable. Now, the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together. At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories. It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us. 24. What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph? A. He’s open-minded. B. He’s sharp-eyed. C. He’s warm-hearted. D. He’s strong-willed. 25. What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Refused. B. Criticized. C. Investigated. D. Suspended. 26. What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work? A. He drove Butch to its owner. B. He sent presents to his friends. C. He prepared a retirement party. D. He said goodbye to the neighbors. 27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a respected mail carrier. B. To record an unforgettable experience. C. To raise funds for the postal service. D. To call for harmony in the community. 【类型三：推理判断题名校好题调研】 【调研01】 （24-25高三上·广东深圳·期末）Technology with roots going back to the Bronze Age may offer a fast and inexpensive solution to help achieve the United Nations climate goal of net zero emissions by 2050. The technology involves arranging heat-absorbing firebricks in an insulated (隔热的) container, where they store heat generated by solar or wind power for later use and maintain it at the high temperatures required for industrial processes. When needed, the heat can be released by passing air through channels in the layers of the bricks, thus allowing steel, glass, and paper factories to run on renewable energy even when wind and sunlight are unavailable. The bricks are made from the same materials as the insulating bricks used thousands of years ago. Today, about 17% of all carbon dioxide emissions (排放) worldwide come from burning fossil fuels to produce heat for industrial processes. Generating industrial heat from renewable sources could all but remove these emissions. “By storing energy in the form closest to its end use, you reduce inefficiencies in energy transition,” said the researchers. “It’s said in our field that’ if you want hot showers, store hot water’; so this study can be summarized as ‘if you need heat for industry, store it in firebricks.’” The researchers examined the impact of using firebricks to store industrial process heat in149 countries by using computer models to assess costs, land requirements, health impacts, and emissions in two situations for an assumed future where those countries in 2050 are using renewables for all energy purposes. In one situation, firebricks provide 90% of industrial process heat. In the other, there’s zero adoption of firebricks or other heat energy storage for industrial processes. The researchers found firebricks enable a faster and lower-cost transition to renewables. Specifically, the situation with firebricks could cut capital costs by $1.27 trillion across the 149 countries relative to the situation with no firebrick storage, while reducing demand for energy from the electricity supply. “What excites us is that the substantial benefit at low cost from multiple angles, from helping to reduce air pollution related deaths to easing global transition to clean renewables,” researchers commented. 1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about concerning the firebrick? A．Its key composition. B．Its potential limitations. C．Its working principle. D．Its historical background. 2．What can we learn about the firebrick in paragraph 3? A．It increases the use of fossil fuels. B．It helps to generate industrial heat. C．It contributes to energy sustainability. D．It stores energy in the form of hot water. 3．How did the researchers arrive at their conclusion in paragraph 4? A．By making a comparison. B．By presenting a phenomenon. C．By analyzing cause and effect. D．By building a computer model. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Firebricks Are the Future of Industrial Technology B．The Solar Power Helps Achieve Net Zero Emissions C．Renewable Energy Dominates Industrial Production D．Bronze Age Technology Could Aid Clean Energy Shift 【调研02】（24-25高三上·山西太原·期末）As a writer specializing in psychology and human cognition (认知) ,I’ve explored countless tricks to boost brainpower. Yet, few have proven as surprisingly effective as the ancient practice of illeism. Politicians often use this device to sound more objective, as Julius Caesar did in his account of the Gallic War, writing “Caesar avenged (为……报仇) the public” instead of “I avenged the public.” Simply put, illeism is the act of referring to oneself in the third person instead of the first person. Talking about yourself this way might sound overly formal or unusual to modern ears, but science says it works wonders. When tough decisions come knocking, speaking in the third person can help you stay calm, cutting through those messy emotions that often cloud our judgment. It’s like giving your brain a little space to see the big picture. Research by Igor Grossmann at the University of Waterloo shows that we’re naturally better at being “wise” when dealing with other people’s problems than our own. This is known as Solomon’s Paradox (悖论), which explains why giving your best friend advice is a breeze (微风), but solving your own is a drama. Can illeism help solve this paradox? Grossmann’s research suggests it can. By shifting to the third person, we step back from our negative emotions and gain another perspective. Studies show that people who tried this displayed more modesty — basically, they made clearer decisions and leveled up their wisdom game. One study even found that participants who journaled in the third person for a month started seeing everyday situations in a whole new light. They also reported feeling less stressed and more positive. I’ve tried it myself, and honestly, it works! Whether it’s challenging work decisions, family dilemmas, or handling friendships, this little mental shift has helped me see things more clearly and act more thoughtfully. Sure, it might sound a little odd at first, but it’s incredibly effective. If you’ re looking for a fun, easy way to clear your head, why not give it a shot? Who knows— you might just discover your inner Caesar. 1．Why is Julius Caesar’s example cited in the first paragraph? A．To reveal the source of illeism. B．To prove the effectiveness of illeism. C．To show the intelligence of politicians. D．To explain the development of a language. 2．Which of the following sayings best reflects Solomon’s Paradox? A．Out of sight, out of mind. B．Actions speak louder than words. C．A problem shared is a problem halved. D．You can’t read the label from inside the jar. 3．How does illeism aid decision-making? A．People can accept others’ advice with modesty. B．People can adjust personal habits to handle issues. C．People can perfect their judgment by increasing wisdom. D．People can gain a fresh perspective with positive emotions. 4．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A psychology blog. B．A historical biography. C．A self-help guide. D．A scientific journal. 【调研03】（24-25高三上·宁夏石嘴山·期末）Parenting can feel like sailing in an endless sea of choices, styles and ideas, never knowing if you are making the right decision for your child or not. On the one hand, no two children are the same. On the other hand, there must be some similarities or at least some general methods that work for all children and that are worth following. Whether you believe in rigorous boundaries or offering total freedom, it’s all about balance. And that is what lighthouse parenting, the new and modern parenting style that is becoming more and more popular, is all about. Lighthouse parenting, founded by Dr. Ken Ginsburg, is a parenting style that is all about the most important aspects of parenting, such as open communication, according to Parents. Lighthouse parenting, he explained, is about maintaining the balance between providing your child with guidance, love and protection, while also allowing them to make their own mistakes and learn things on their own. Some parenting styles such as helicopter parenting, are less about giving your child freedom and allowing them to experience things on their own. Lighthouse parenting, like the name suggests, believes in being there for your child like a lighthouse is there at night, available and present when needed, however not providing solutions all the time, therefore allowing the child to grow and learn to be independent. According to the Children’s Book Council (CBC), this parenting style is becoming popular as parents are looking for a middle ground in parenting, something that does not add too much pressure on them. There is too much information out there for parents nowadays and it can get overwhelming. Lighthouse parenting seems to be a more reasonable choice. Children that are raised in this style can become healthy, functional adults, as they are given the tools to understand the world and to be well-adjusted. They aren’t scared of making mistakes and also take responsibility for them. Their parents also are less burnt out, as they are able to take a step back and be there for their child more in the background. 1．What does the underlined word “rigorous” mean in paragraph 2? A．Strict. B．Free. C．Consistent. D．General. 2．How does the author explain the parenting styles in paragraph 4? A．By giving examples. B．By justifying assumptions. C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing causes and effects. 3．Why do parents prefer lighthouse parenting according to the CBC? A．It is a new and trendy concept. B．It stops putting additional stress on them. C．It requires minimum effort from parents. D．It ensures kids’ perfect behavior. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．Free-range Parenting: The New Parenting Style B．Helicopter Parenting: Overprotective Parenting Style C．Lighthouse Parenting: The Uninvolved Parenting Style D．Lighthouse Parenting: The Balanced Parenting Style 【调研04】（24-25高三上·山东临沂·期末）In October 2020, the United Nations Global Biodiversity Outlook announced that no government had met a single target to stop biodiversity loss in the last decade. Examples include rising deforestation and declining bee populations. To succeed in conserving biodiversity, we must first expand our understanding of biodiversity. Biodiversity conversations tend to focus on certain plants and animals while ignoring others. People often regard trees and bees as the foundation of nature. For conservation campaigns, it pays —literally — to be a large mammal that people can easily identify with or a species that seems directly useful to humans. We also try to protect species with obvious commercial interest, such as tuna and the honeybee. Viewing biodiversity too narrowly does more harm than good. Many species are too small, too few, too ugly, or still undiscovered for us to notice them. Let’s not make these the reasons why they are overlooked. Pollinators (传粉者) are an essential part of biodiversity: Up to 90%of plants rely on animals for pollination, with bees often springing to mind. Yet, pollinators are much more than bees. There are about 20, 000 species of bees out of 350, 000 known pollinators. In Europe, honeybees are important for crops production. However, in warmer climates, plants like the fig tree rely on specific wasps and moths (飞蛾) for pollination. If we consider the most important pollinator in terms of pollinator diversity, moths and butterflies, with more than 140, 000 species, win the title. But we shouldn’t be asking which are the most important, or the most numerous. No single pollinator can get the job done. We need a variety of pollinators to support our ecosystems. Taking a narrow view of biodiversity hides nature’s true wonder. Instead, we should appreciate species not through a human-centered lens, but rather as equally cynical parts of incredible, complex and life-giving systems. All species deserve recognition. It is only then that we will be able to safeguard nature. 1．Which can best explain the underlined “pays” in paragraph 2? A．Brings advantage. B．Benefits nature. C．Makes profits. D．Faces risks. 2．Why are moths and butterflies mentioned? A．To stress their role in pollination. B．To highlight their beauty and diversity. C．To show their superior importance over bees. D．To prove biodiversity goes beyond mere quantity. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Biodiversity serves as the foundation of nature. B．All species play an essential role in ecosystems. C．A human-centered view leads to biodiversity loss. D．Identifying all species is the key to protecting nature. 4．What is main idea of the text? A．Endangered species call for conservation efforts. B．A broader view of biodiversity conservation is needed. C．Human activities are the primary causes of biodiversity loss. D．Governments struggle to meet biodiversity conservation targets. 【调研05】（24-25高三上·山东菏泽·期末）On Christmas eve in 1956, the late Michael Bond bought a small toy bear that had been left on the shelf in a London store because he felt sorry for it. He took it home as a present for his wife and named it Paddington, after the railway station. Michael began writing about the bear from Darkest Peru and discovered he had a book on his hands. A Bear Called Paddington was published on 13th October 1958 and a whole series of tales about the charming character followed. They have been since adapted for TV and film and have stimulated the imaginations of millions. The real inspiration behind Paddington Bear is the Andean bear from South America’s cloud forests. The Andean bear is the only bear species in South America and is known for the light fur around its eyes, like glasses. The light color may variably extend down to the animals’ throats and chests, giving each individual a unique set of markings. Andean bears’ thick coats are usually either black or brown, occasionally with red. The actual Andean bear is mostly vegetarian (素食者), with a diet of bromeliad leaves, bamboo, berries, and fruits, though it also eats meat occasionally. They are found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, living in various habitats from 5,000m to 200m above sea level. The IUCN Red List estimates about 10,000 adults globally, with Bolivia and Peru likely having the most due to habitat quality and size. Andean bears require large and preferably undisturbed protected areas, and therefore need landscape-scale conservation efforts. Andean bears are excellent climbers and commonly build tree platforms from surrounding vegetation (植被), on which they rest, eat and guard feeding areas. The species tends to be most active during the day, but its movement varies seasonally and between geographic areas. 1．What function does paragraph 1 serve in the text? A．To set the tone. B．To lead in the topic. C．To preview the structure. D．To present the writing purpose. 2．What is one of the most distinctive features of the Andean bear? A．Its fur marking. B．Its living habitat. C．Its eating habit. D．Its literary image. 3．Why are Bolivia and Peru likely to have the most Andean bears? A．They build tree platforms. B．They provide plenty of food. C．They can offer suitable habitats. D．They have experienced conservationists. 4．What might be introduced about Andean bears following the last paragraph? A．Their activities. B．Their appearance. C．Their entertainment. D．Their hunting seasons. 【调研06】（24-25高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）A decade ago, Kari Leibowitz traveled to Tromso, a city located above the Arctic Circle in Norway, to study a curious phenomenon. Although the city experiences polar night, a time of darkness when the sun doesn’t rise above the horizon for two months of the year, its residents didn’t tend to think the long winter as depressing. In fact, they saw it as a time of opportunity. This positive outlook toward the season is what Leibowitz calls “wintertime mindset (心态)”. She has also observed it among people in her research trips across Scandinavia, the Nordic region, northern Japan and other places with extreme winters. Leibowitz, a health psychologist explains how to hug this attitude in a book published in October, How to Winter, Harness Your Mindset to Thrive on Cold, Dark, or Difficult Days. “Winter can be comfortable, magical and refreshing.” she says. “We just need to lead ourselves toward the good things about it. In fact, in a study from 2020, Leibowitz found that the further north people lived the more positive their wintertime mindset was, because they have no choice. When they have such an extreme change between seasons, they need to adjust their behavior and adapt the way they’re living according to the season. This adaptation is really healthy and useful. Many studies have shown that mindsets impact our physical functioning, our emotional health, how we move throughout the world. When you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things you enjoy about the season. The way that going for an evening walk in the winter makes you feel refreshed, or the way that the indirect light of winter is really beautiful and extremely well-suited for comfortable activities like reading, baking or writing. 1．What will you experience in the city Tromso? A．You can experience the polar day. B．You can’t see the sun for 2 months. C．You can’t admire the moon for long. D．You can watch the sun rise every day. 2．What is the residents’ attitude toward the long winter in Tromso? A．Depressed. B．Concerned. C．Disappointed. D．Optimistic 3．Which one belongs to Leibowitz’s winter rime mindset? A．Winter is cold, wonderful but uncomfortable and unpleasant. B．People in colder countries don’t understand the magic of winter. C．The more positive your mindset, the more likely you are to enjoy winter. D．People who live in the further north usually don’t like winter. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．The definition of mindset. B．The influence of mindset. C．The attitude towards winter. D．The activities in winter. ( 24 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$