Unit 7 Period 7 Focus on Language—Verb-ed Form & Negative Expressions （课件）-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（北师大版2019）

Unit 7 CAREERS Period 7 Focus on Language—Verb-ed Form & Negative Expressions 语境感悟 语法精讲 达标检测 语境 感悟 3 Ⅰ.感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 1.Supported by his research，Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future success，their character，as measured by EQ tests，might actually matter more than their IQ. 2.Compared to students who had not been involved in the study，they also showed a better understanding of the disabled students’ feelings. 1.句1中，support的逻辑主语为_________________，和动词support构成_____关系。过去分词supported在句中作_____。 2.句2中，compare的逻辑主语为_____，和动词compare构成_____关系。compared在句中作_____。 Professor Salovey 被动 状语 they 被动 状语 Ⅱ.感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 1.Most people now have no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps or even staying at one job for very long. 2.In fact，planning to work in the same field or industry for your entire working life just isn’t practical anymore. 3.The skills you have now are unlikely to remain relevant and be enough to help you through your entire career. 4.You might be able to keep your job if you finish what you are asked to do，but this is hardly a recipe for great career success. 5.Lifetime security from one employer is no longer certain or even likely. 观察以上句子，可以发现句子中均含有表示否定意义的单词或词组。表达否定意义的形式多样，可以是否定副词，如句1中的___，句2中的_____________和句5中的_________。此外，有些词加否定前缀或后缀构成否定，如句3中的________。还有些词本身含有否定意义，如句4中的______。 no not anymore no longer unlikely hardly 返 回 语法 精讲 8 一、过去分词(短语)作状语 (一)过去分词(短语)作状语的基本用法 过去分词(短语)作状语，表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。在句中可以相当于一个时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句或者作方式、伴随状语。 1.表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。 Asked about the quality guarantee(＝When he was asked about the quality guarantee)，the salesman didn’t respond. 当被问及质量保证时，推销员没有回答。 Motivated by the salary he has earned(＝As he is motivated by the salary he has earned)，he works harder. 受到所得工资的激励，他工作更努力了。 2.表示条件， 相当于一个由unless，if等引导的条件状语从句。 Given more time(＝If it is given more time)，our association will achieve more. 假以时日，我们的协会会取得更多的成就。 Not invited(＝If we aren’t invited/Unless we are invited)，we won’t go to his birthday party to be held this weekend. 如果不被邀请，我们就不会去参加他本周末举行的生日聚会。 3.表示原因， 相当于一个由as，because等引导的原因状语从句。 Greatly inspired by the teacher’s words(＝Because he was greatly inspired by the teacher’s words)，he made up his mind to work at English even harder. 深受老师的话的激励， 他决心更加努力地学习英语。 4.表示让步， 相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。 Beaten by the opposite team(＝Though we were beaten by the opposite team)，we didn’t lose heart and encouraged each other. 虽然被对手的队伍打败了，但我们并没有灰心并且相互鼓励。 Though warned of the storm(＝Though they had been warned of the storm)，the farmers were still working in the field. 尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。 5.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明， 可位于句首或句末， 可以扩展成一个状语从句或并列分句。 Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom. ＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students. 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。 注意： 1.过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，though，even if，unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同。 2.有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词常常是表示身心状态或情绪的形容词。如：lost沉溺于；seated坐；dressed in穿着；tired of厌烦；faced with面临；accustomed to习惯于等。 Lost in thought，the architect didn’t hear the sound. 沉浸在思考之中，建筑师没听到那道声音。 Dressed in a new dress，she looks very beautiful. 穿着一条新裙子，她看上去很漂亮。 (二)过去分词(短语)为独立成分作状语 有的过去分词作状语为独立成分作状语，不用考虑与逻辑主语的关系，常见的有：given考虑到，compared to/with 和……相比较等。 Given her interest in children，teaching seems the right job for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子，看来教书是很适合她的工作。 Lack of exercise is also a risk factor for heart disease but it’s relatively small compared with/to others. 缺乏锻炼也是导致心脏病的一个因素，但是和其他因素相比，这种危险很小。 (三)过去分词(短语)独立主格作状语 动词-ed形式(短语)作状语时，有时在前面加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的动词-ed形式被称为独立主格结构，这种独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。 Extra money given to the poor，he felt very happy. ＝Because extra money was given to the poor，he felt very happy. 额外的钱给了穷人后，他感到很高兴。 (四)过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 [助记]　分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 Used for a long time，the book looks old.(被动关系) 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。 Using the book，I find it very useful.(主动关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。 注意：无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 If caught，the police will punish the thief.(×) If caught，the thief will be punished by the police.(√) If the thief is caught，the police will punish him/her.(√) 二、表达否定意义的词或词组 英语中否定含义的表达形式多种多样，最常见的就是用否定词和否定短语来表达否定含义。 (一)常见的否定词 1.可以用not，no，never，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere 等否定词来表达否定意义。 Never in all my life have I seen such a horrible thing. 我一辈子也没有见过这么恐怖的事。 This kind of forest exists nowhere else in the world. 这种森林在世界其他任何地方都没有。 2.可以用hardly，scarcely，seldom，little，few等否定词来表达否定意义。 My garden was covered with so many butterflies that I could hardly see the flowers. 我的花园里飞满了太多蝴蝶，我几乎看不到花了。 She seldom，if ever，goes to the theatre. 她难得到剧院去看一场戏——虽然不能说从来不去。 3.可以用含否定意义的前缀a-， ab-， an-， de-， dis-， il-， im-， in-， ir-， non-， un-， under-等构成的词表达否定意义；也可以用后缀-less，-free，-proof等构成的词表达否定意义。 Today it is impossible to cure cancer completely. 目前要完全治愈癌症是不可能的。 Second，it is also useless to worry about the future. 其次，为未来而担忧也是没有用的。 注意：以上否定副词置于句首的时候，句子要用部分倒装结构。 Never did I know you had a twin sister. 我一点都不知道你还有个双胞胎姐姐。 Seldom has he seen a child with so much talent. 他很少见有如此天赋的孩子。 (二)常见的否定词组 常见表达否定意义的词组及固定搭配有：far from远非，绝不，rather than而不，instead of 而不，free from没有，would rather...than...宁愿……不愿……，prefer to...rather than...宁愿……不愿……，no longer不再，not...any more/longer不再，have no intention of 不打算做某事，too...to...太……而不能，more A than B与其说B不如说A，in no case决不，in no way决不，by no means决不等。 Your work is far from being satisfactory. 你的工作一点也不令人满意。 They long for an equal society，free from poverty and disease. 他们渴望一个没有贫穷和疾病的平等社会。 He’s too small to take care of himself. 他太小了，还不能照顾自己。 He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。 返 回 达标检测 用所给词的正确形式填空 1.And there，almost _____(lose) in the big chair，sat the new clerk，who never had to be told to keep quiet. 2.Highly ________(devote)to his occupation，he became a successful CEO in the end. 3.__________(realize) that he had fallen behind，Peter started to quicken his pace. lost devoted Realizing 4.The secretary worked late into the night，__________(prepare) a long speech for the president. 5.The island，_______(join) to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to reach. 6.Karl is ________(likely) to come to the party because he is busy preparing for an exam. 7.Mary was so _________(care) when hurrying through the hall that she fell over. preparing joined unlikely careless 8.His mother was in favor of his idea while his father _________(agree) with him. 9.It is ________(polite) of the clerk to shout at the client with no good reason. 10.The young man had meal ____________(regularly) so that he got a serious stomachache. 返 回 disagreed impolite irregularly $$