Unit 7 Period 7 Focus on Language—Verb-ed Form & Negative Expressions-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（北师大版2019）

Period 7　Focus on Language—Verb-ed Form & Negative Expressions Ⅰ.感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 1．Supported by his research，Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future success，their character，as measured by EQ tests，might actually matter more than their IQ. 2．Compared to students who had not been involved in the study，they also showed a better understanding of the disabled students’ feelings. 1．句1中，support的逻辑主语为Professor Salovey，和动词support构成被动关系。过去分词supported在句中作状语。 2．句2中，compare的逻辑主语为they，和动词compare构成被动关系。compared在句中作状语。 Ⅱ.感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 1．Most people now have no intention of following in their parents’ footsteps or even staying at one job for very long. 2．In fact，planning to work in the same field or industry for your entire working life just isn’t practical anymore. 3．The skills you have now are unlikely to remain relevant and be enough to help you through your entire career. 4．You might be able to keep your job if you finish what you are asked to do，but this is hardly a recipe for great career success. 5．Lifetime security from one employer is no longer certain or even likely. 观察以上句子，可以发现句子中均含有表示否定意义的单词或词组。表达否定意义的形式多样，可以是否定副词，如句1中的no，句2中的not anymore和句5中的no longer。此外，有些词加否定前缀或后缀构成否定，如句3中的unlikely。还有些词本身含有否定意义，如句4中的hardly。 一、过去分词(短语)作状语 (一)过去分词(短语)作状语的基本用法 过去分词(短语)作状语，表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。在句中可以相当于一个时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句或者作方式、伴随状语。 1．表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。 Asked about the quality guarantee(＝When he was asked about the quality guarantee)，the salesman didn’t respond. 当被问及质量保证时，推销员没有回答。 Motivated by the salary he has earned(＝As he is motivated by the salary he has earned)，he works harder. 受到所得工资的激励，他工作更努力了。 2．表示条件， 相当于一个由unless，if等引导的条件状语从句。 Given more time(＝If it is given more time)，our association will achieve more. 假以时日，我们的协会会取得更多的成就。 Not invited(＝If we aren’t invited/Unless we are invited)，we won’t go to his birthday party to be held this weekend.如果不被邀请，我们就不会去参加他本周末举行的生日聚会。 3．表示原因， 相当于一个由as，because等引导的原因状语从句。 Greatly inspired by the teacher’s words(＝Because he was greatly inspired by the teacher’s words)，he made up his mind to work at English even harder. 深受老师的话的激励， 他决心更加努力地学习英语。 4．表示让步， 相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。 Beaten by the opposite team(＝Though we were beaten by the opposite team)，we didn’t lose heart and encouraged each other.虽然被对手的队伍打败了，但我们并没有灰心并且相互鼓励。 Though warned of the storm(＝Though they had been warned of the storm)，the farmers were still working in the field.尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。 5．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明， 可位于句首或句末， 可以扩展成一个状语从句或并列分句。 Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom. ＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students. 老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。 注意： 1．过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，though，even if，unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同。 2．有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词常常是表示身心状态或情绪的形容词。如：lost沉溺于；seated坐；dressed in穿着；tired of厌烦；faced with面临；accustomed to习惯于等。 Lost in thought，the architect didn’t hear the sound. 沉浸在思考之中，建筑师没听到那道声音。 Dressed in a new dress，she looks very beautiful.穿着一条新裙子，她看上去很漂亮。 (二)过去分词(短语)为独立成分作状语 有的过去分词作状语为独立成分作状语，不用考虑与逻辑主语的关系，常见的有：given考虑到，compared to/with 和……相比较等。 Given her interest in children，teaching seems the right job for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子，看来教书是很适合她的工作。 Lack of exercise is also a risk factor for heart disease but it’s relatively small compared with/to others.缺乏锻炼也是导致心脏病的一个因素，但是和其他因素相比，这种危险很小。 (三)过去分词(短语)独立主格作状语 动词-ed形式(短语)作状语时，有时在前面加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的动词-ed形式被称为独立主格结构，这种独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。 Extra money given to the poor，he felt very happy. ＝Because extra money was given to the poor，he felt very happy. 额外的钱给了穷人后，他感到很高兴。 (四)过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 [助记]　分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 Used for a long time，the book looks old.(被动关系)由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。 Using the book，I find it very useful.(主动关系) 在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。 注意：无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 If caught，the police will punish the thief.(×) If caught，the thief will be punished by the police.(√) If the thief is caught，the police will punish him/her.(√) 二、表达否定意义的词或词组 英语中否定含义的表达形式多种多样，最常见的就是用否定词和否定短语来表达否定含义。 (一)常见的否定词 1．可以用not，no，never，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere等否定词来表达否定意义。 Never in all my life have I seen such a horrible thing.我一辈子也没有见过这么恐怖的事。 This kind of forest exists nowhere else in the world.这种森林在世界其他任何地方都没有。 2．可以用hardly，scarcely，seldom，little，few等否定词来表达否定意义。 My garden was covered with so many butterflies that I could hardly see the flowers. 我的花园里飞满了太多蝴蝶，我几乎看不到花了。 She seldom，if ever，goes to the theatre.她难得到剧院去看一场戏——虽然不能说从来不去。 3．可以用含否定意义的前缀a-， ab-， an-， de-， dis-， il-， im-， in-， ir-， non-， un-， under-等构成的词表达否定意义；也可以用后缀-less，-free，-proof等构成的词表达否定意义。 Today it is impossible to cure cancer completely.目前要完全治愈癌症是不可能的。 Second，it is also useless to worry about the future.其次，为未来而担忧也是没有用的。 注意：以上否定副词置于句首的时候，句子要用部分倒装结构。 Never did I know you had a twin sister.我一点都不知道你还有个双胞胎姐姐。 Seldom has he seen a child with so much talent.他很少见有如此天赋的孩子。 (二)常见的否定词组 常见表达否定意义的词组及固定搭配有：far from远非，绝不，rather than而不，instead of 而不，free from没有，would rather...than...宁愿……不愿……，prefer to...rather than...宁愿……不愿……，no longer不再，not...any more/longer不再，have no intention of 不打算做某事，too...to...太……而不能，more A than B与其说B不如说A，in no case决不，in no way决不，by no means决不等。 Your work is far from being satisfactory. 你的工作一点也不令人满意。 They long for an equal society，free from poverty and disease. 他们渴望一个没有贫穷和疾病的平等社会。 He’s too small to take care of himself. 他太小了，还不能照顾自己。 He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋。 用所给词的正确形式填空 1．And there，almost lost(lose) in the big chair，sat the new clerk，who never had to be told to keep quiet. 2．Highly devoted(devote)to his occupation，he became a successful CEO in the end. 3．Realizing(realize) that he had fallen behind，Peter started to quicken his pace. 4．The secretary worked late into the night，preparing(prepare) a long speech for the president. 5．The island，joined(join) to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to reach. 6．Karl is unlikely(likely) to come to the party because he is busy preparing for an exam. 7．Mary was so careless(care) when hurrying through the hall that she fell over. 8．His mother was in favor of his idea while his father disagreed(agree) with him. 9．It is impolite(polite) of the clerk to shout at the client with no good reason. 10．The young man had meal irregularly(regularly) so that he got a serious stomachache. Ⅰ.单句写作 1．艺术家专心绘画，忘记了按时吃晚饭。(absorb) Absorbed in painting，the artist forgot to have supper on time. 2．这所大学成立于1979年，已有40多年的历史。(found) Founded in 1979，the university has a history of more than 40 years. 3．他从来没有放弃过他最初的梦想。(部分倒装) Never has he given up his original dream. 4．我们刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来它就塌了。 Hardly had we escaped from the burning house when it collapsed. 5．我宁可待在家里看电视也不愿去购物，因为我太累了走不动了。 I would rather stay at home than go shopping, because I am too tired to walk. Ⅱ.阅读理解 In 2022,61 companies in the United Kingdom (UK) took part in the world’s largest test of a four-day work week. The pilot program，conducted in the UK，guided over 60 companies and almost 3,000 workers through a six-month trial of a 4-day week，with no loss of pay for workers.Overall results show that almost every organization will stick to a 4-day week post-trial，with 91% definitely continuing or planning to continue，and a further 4% leaning towards continuing. Companies rated their overall experience of the trials an average of 8.5/10，with business productivity and business performance each scoring 7.5/10.Profits rose by 35% over the trial periods when compared to similar periods from the previous year and hiring increased while absenteeism decreased. Lead researcher，Professor Juliet Schor of Boston College observed an encouraging consistency in the data.“Results are largely steady across workplaces of varying sizes，showing it works for many types of organizations.There are also some interesting differences.We found that employees in non-profits and professional services had a larger average increase in time spent exercising，while those in construction enjoyed the largest reductions in burnout and sleep problems，” she said.Getting the carbon footprint down is also encouraging，with commuting(通勤) time falling by a half hour per week. How did workers do more in less time? Some companies cut meetings，or made sure they were shorter.Others used technology to help workers get more done quickly.Some companies created a “focus time” so workers could work on just one thing without being interrupted. In general，workers said the four-day work week left them feeling less tired.About 71% said they felt less “burnt out” with their new work hours，and 39% said they felt less stressed.On average,73% of the workers were more satisfied with the time they spent working. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述2022年，英国有61家公司参加了世界上最大的一周工作四天的测试情况。 1．Which of the following best describes the experiment? A．Controversial. B．Ambitious. C．Eventful. D．Successful. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，总体结果显示，几乎每个组织都会坚持试验后每周工作四天，91%的组织肯定会继续或计划继续，另有4%的组织倾向于继续。及第三段中各公司的评价得分高，利润增长，招聘人数增加，缺勤率下降等可知，试验结果是很成功的。故选D。 2．What can we say about the four-day work week? A．It’s a one-sided move. B．It’s what technology brings. C．It’s environmentally friendly. D．It’s unfit for big companies. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，一周工作四天，通勤时间每周减少半个小时，可以减少碳足迹，是环保的。故选C。 3．What are the statistics in the last paragraph about? A．Working habits. B．Joy at work. C．Health management. D．Business performance. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。最后一段的数据表明，约71%的人表示，他们对新的工作时间感到不那么“精疲力竭”，39%的人表示压力减少了。平均而言，73%的工人对他们花在工作上的时间更满意。由此可知，这些数据表明人们在工作中的幸福感增强了。故选B。 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Monday-Friday Model Is Outdated B．Good Health Is Good Business C．4-Day Work Week Trial Finishes D．4-Day Work Week Could Be Coming 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段内容可知，英国有61家公司参加了世界上最大的一周工作四天的测试。结合第二段和最后一段内容可知，每周工作四天很受员工们欢迎，所以它可能会被广泛普及。故选D。 Ⅲ.完形填空 Two years ago，Kiah Twisselman was working for the Kentucky Beef Council，when she reached the weight of 285 pounds.Kiah was responsible for their nutrition program，which meant 1 the health benefits of beef and it wasn’t sitting well with her.She had to stand up in front of a group of registered 2 ，a group of influencers，and tell them about the nutritional benefits of beef，and it made her so 3 . While on a flight，Kiah read a book by motivational speaker Rachel Hollis.“That book was kind of my 4 call to me that if you want to change your life，it is 100 percent in your 5 and nobody else’s，” said Kiah. She started 6 Hollis on social media and decided to try her Five To Thrive plan，which 7 her to adopt five simple habits and commit to 8 them every day for 90 days. Kiah started waking up earlier， 9 ，began daily journaling，drank water according to the instruction.In just a few months，she lost 25 pounds，which 10 her to keep going， 11 when she hit a plateau(停滞期)． To 12 things up，Kiah started trying out harder workout videos.Unlike previously blaming herself for her failure，this time，she started from a place of 13 .“When I failed，I was more willing to 14 myself and say，‘What can I learn from this？’” Over the next year，Kiah lost 103 pounds and the physical transformation was so 15 ！ 1．A.believing B．improving C．ensuring D．advocating 答案　D 解析　由下文的“tell them about the nutritional benefits of beef”可知，该项目是要提倡牛肉对健康的好处。故选D。 2．A.nutritionists B．tourists C．farmers D．partners 答案　A 解析　由上文的“working for the Kentucky Beef Council”和下文的“a group of influencers，and tell them about the nutritional benefits of beef”可知，她是为肯塔基州牛肉委员会工作，可推知她的工作对象应是有影响力的人和专业的营养学家。故选A。 3．A.unfortunate B．successful C．uncomfortable D．appealing 答案　C 解析　由上文语境尤其是“it wasn’t sitting well with her”可知，体重285磅的Kiah要在一群营养学家面前宣传牛肉的营养价值，这让她很不舒服。故选C。 4．A.business B．wake-up C．first-aid D．conference 答案　B 解析　由下文语境可知，Kiah开启了她的减肥之旅，说明Rachel Hollis的书唤醒了Kiah，给她的生活敲响了警钟，让她行动起来。故选B。 5．A.favor B．diet C．control D．opinion 答案　C 解析　由上文的“if you want to change your life”可知，如果你想改变自己的生活，那么百分之百要由自己掌控，与别人无关。故选C。 6．A.following B．assisting C．blaming D．interviewing 答案　A 解析　由上文语境和下文的“decided to try her Five To Thrive plan”可知，Kiah开始在社交媒体上关注Hollis，并决定尝试她的计划。故选A。 7．A.forbade B．qualified C．permitted D．challenged 答案　D 解析　由下文的“Kiah started waking up earlier， ，began daily journaling，drank water according to the instruction.”可知，此处指该计划要求她养成五个简单的习惯，并坚持每天练习，坚持90天。故选D。 8．A.overcoming B．practicing C．celebrating D．correcting 答案　B 解析　参考上题解析。故选B。 9．A.watched out B．dashed out C．worked out D．spoke out 答案　C 解析　由下文的“Kiah started trying out harder workout videos”可知，此处指早起后锻炼。故选C。 10．A.forced B．fueled C．promised D．reminded 答案　B 解析　由上文可知，Kiah成功减重25磅，这给了Kiah新的动力，刺激她继续坚持下去。故选B。 11．A.thus B．yet C．merely D．even 答案　D 解析　由下文“Kiah started trying out harder workout videos”可知，Kiah甚至在到达停滞期之后也在坚持。故选D。 12．A.fix B．divide C．switch D．sum 答案　C 解析　由上文语境和下文的“Kiah started trying out harder workout videos”可知，Kiah到了停滞期，所以为了改变现状，Kiah尝试难度更大的锻炼视频。故选C。 13．A.self-criticism B．self-love C．self-respect D．self-doubt 答案　B 解析　由上文的“Unlike previously blaming herself for her failure”可知，Kiah不再像以前那样因失败而自责，这次她从自爱开始。故选B。 14．A.save B．protect C．introduce D．forgive 答案　D 解析　由上文语境可知，Kiah现在选择爱自己，所以当她失败的时候，她不再责备自己了，而是原谅自己。故选D。 15．A.apparent B．awkward C．slight D．gradual 答案　A 解析　由上文的“when she reached the weight of 285 pounds”和“Kiah lost 103 pounds”可知，体重285磅的Kiah减了103磅，这种身体的变化是很明显的。故选A。 Ⅳ.语法填空 In ancient China lived an artist 1. paintings were almost lifelike.The artist’s reputation had made him proud.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) 2.__________(do)so he called all great artists 3. (come)and present their finest work，so that he could choose the best.The artist was sure he would 4. (choose)，but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister，the old man laughed.The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world. 5． (fill) with curiosity，the artist packed his bags and left.6. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist，they smiled and 7. (point) down the river.The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find the well-known painter.As the small boat moved gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently 8. (reflect) in the water.He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9. (surround) the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears.The artist was finally humbled(感到卑微) by the greatest artist 10. earth，Mother Nature. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。一位画家因自己小有名气而洋洋自得。不料，皇帝的一位重臣却不以为然。在听从了这位重臣的建议后，他来到漓江，最终被大自然这位伟大的艺术家所折服。 1．答案　whose 解析　考查定语从句。关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰paintings。 2．答案　done 解析　考查非谓语动词。根据句意及“get his portrait(画像) ”可知portrait和do成被动关系，此处应用过去分词作宾补。 3．答案　to come 解析　考查非谓语动词。call sb to do sth召集某人做某事。to do 为不定式作宾补。 4．答案　be chosen 解析　考查动词的语态。主语he和动词choose之间是被动关系，空格前有would，故用“be＋及物动词的过去分词”。 5．答案　Filled 解析　考查非谓语动词。filled with curiosity是表示人精神状态的词，所以，用过去分词形式修饰人，作状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。 6．答案　When/As 解析　考查连词。根据句意与句子结构可知，应用when/as引导时间状语从句，且位于句首，首字母需大写。 7．答案　pointed 解析　考查动词的时态。and连接两个并列谓语动词，前后时态应一致。 8．答案　reflected 解析　考查非谓语动词。mountains 当时是被映水中的，所以用reflected作定语。 9．答案　surrounding 解析　考查非谓语动词。在“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系时，用现在分词表示动作正在进行。the soft clouds与surround之间是主动关系，且表示正在发生的情景，故用现在分词形式。 10．答案　on 解析　考查介词。on earth在地球上，是固定搭配。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$