内容正文:
Period 3 Topic Talk & Lesson 1—Language Points
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.You must pass the examination to get credits and then a master’s degree.
2.My mother doesn’t know how to refuse others,and she can’t resist being persuaded(说服) into purchasing things she doesn’t like.
3.It is predicted that about 300 candidates will apply for the job.
4.Of all the consultants(顾问),only Mr Wang gave us a definite plan for our campaign.
5.The critic said that some classic novels deserved reading again and again.
6.He adjusted(使……适应) himself very quickly to the heat of the country.
7.The weather was bad and the trains were crowded;altogether,it wasn’t a very satisfactory journey.
8.When the result of the match was announced(宣布),all the team members jumped up happily.
9.It’s not difficult to understand this world when you master the internal(内部的) relations of things.
10.He wanted to know how the public reacted(反应) to the election.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空
1.Growing up means becoming a reliable person who can be relied on by your loved ones.(rely)
2.The works of the famous architect are impressive and those who have seen his works are impressed with them.(impress)
3.The lawyer asked his two assistants for their assistance—to translate all his data reports into Chinese.(assist)
4.Three years ago he was employed as a clerk,but later he was fired because his employer was not satisfied with him.(employ)
5.My mother advises me not to join the cross-talk association,but I just like associating/to associate with those guys.(associate)
6.With the development of artificial intelligence,robots are becoming more and more intelligent.(intelligent)
7.Martin acknowledges that he has learning disability,but he will be angry if you say he is disabled.(disable)
8.My sister is a girl of determination,and once she is determined to do something,nobody can change her mind.(determine)
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.当考虑未来的发展时, 我想成为一名设计师。(when引导时间状语从句)
When I think about my future development,I want to be a designer.
2.受中国女排竞争精神的激励,我对自己和未来充满信心。(过去分词短语作状语)
Motivated by the Chinese women’s volleyball team’s competitive spirit,I have faith in myself and my future.
3.钟南山是一位优秀的专家,85岁仍然工作在第一线。(who引导定语从句)
Zhong Nanshan who is an excellent expert still works in the front line at the age of 85.
4.他比赛获得一等奖的消息很快传遍了整个校园。(that引导同位语从句)
The news that he had won the first prize soon spread all over the whole school.
提示:题干中加底纹的词汇为本单元的词汇复现,帮助学生及时巩固,循环复习。
assistant n.助手,助理,副手 adj.副的;助理的(assist vt.帮助;援助assistance n.帮助;援助)
·assist sb with sth在某方面帮助某人
assist (sb) to do/in doing sth帮助(某人)做某事
·with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
come to sb’s assistance帮助某人
(1)(应用文写作之申请信)I have such a good command of English that I am sure that I will be a qualified assistant(assist) to the chief editor.
(2)At senior high school,I often assisted the librarian in arranging books.
(3)You can ask your brother who is brilliant to assist you with your English.
(4)(应用文写作之感谢信)在你们超市的一名推销员的帮助下,我找到了我丢失的钱包,对此我必须表示衷心的感谢。
With the assistance of a salesman in your supermarket,I found my lost purse,for which I must express my sincere gratitude.
(5)(应用文写作之感谢信)每次我遇到麻烦,你都会来帮助我。
Every time I was in trouble,you would come to my assistance.
reliable adj.可信赖的;可靠的(rely v.信任;信赖;依靠)
rely on/upon...(to do sth)指望/依赖……(做某事)
rely on/upon it that...相信……
(1)The lawyer is a reliable(rely) person and you can ask him for help.
(2)You can rely on/upon the health consultant to give(give) you practical suggestions about how to strengthen your body.
(3)(应用文写作之慰问信)至于功课,你可以相信你的同桌会认真做笔记让你参考。
As for the lessons,you can rely on/upon it that your deskmate will take notes carefully for your reference.
persuade vt.说服;劝服;使信服;使相信(persuasive adj.有说服力的)
persuade sb to do sth=persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do sth=persuade sb out of doing sth说服某人不做某事
persuade sb of.../persuade sb that...使某人相信……
注意:persuade表示“说服”,强调说服的结果;“劝说但不一定有效果”应表述为:try to persuade sb to do sth。
(1)Eventually,the saleswoman persuaded me to purchase the comic that I didn’t like at first.
→Eventually,the saleswoman persuaded me into purchasing the comic that I didn’t like at first.
(2)It took us a long time to persuade my stubborn father not to go fishing at night.
→It took us a long time to persuade my stubborn father out of going fishing at night.
(3)Finally,we persuaded him of the wisdom of this decision we had made.
→Finally,we persuaded him that this decision we had made was wise.
(4)他试图说服过路人买爆米花,但没有成功。
He tried to persuade passers-by to buy popcorn,but in vain.
impressive adj.给人深刻印象的;令人钦佩的(impress vt.使印象深刻;使铭记;使钦佩 impression n.印象)
·impress sth on/upon sb使某人铭记某事
impress sb with sth某事物给予某人深刻印象
be impressed by/with...对……钦佩;对……印象深刻
·leave/make a(n)...impression on/upon sb给某人留下一个……印象
(1)The list of the architect’s achievements is pretty impressive(impress).
(2)She was a great lawyer,who impressed us with her abundant knowledge.
(3)(记叙文之人物描写)他的幽默的教学方法给我们留下了深刻的印象。
①We were much impressed by/with his humorous teaching methods.(impressed)
②His humorous teaching methods left/made a deep impression on us.(impression)
employ vt.雇佣;利用(时间、精力等) n.雇佣(employee n.雇员,受雇者employer n.雇主 employment n.工作;雇佣;利用)
·employ sb as...雇佣某人担任……
致力于(做)某事
· in employment 有工作
out of employment 没有工作
(1)We really need to employ someone as an assistant to help with all this paperwork.
(2)The economic crisis has led to a worsening economy,and many workers are out of employment(employ).
(3)(记叙文之人物传记)Tu Youyou employed herself in finding a cure for malaria from traditional medical literature.
→Tu Youyou was employed in finding a cure for malaria from traditional medical literature.
determine vt.决定,直接影响;测定,确定(determined adj.坚决的 determination n.决心;坚定)
·determine to do sth决定/决心做某事
determine on/upon (doing)..决定(做)……
·be determined to do sth决心做某事
·with determination坚决地;果断地
(1)(读后续写之神态描写)When asked whether he would continue his task,he nodded with determination(determine).
(2)Seeing the dead fishes floating on the surface of the lake,I was determined to do(do) something to stop water pollution.
(3)I have determined to work(work) as an architect after graduation.
→I have determined on/upon working as an architect after graduation.
(4)决心独立,这个年轻人一找到工作就搬出去了。
Determined to become independent,the young man moved out once he found a job.
deserve vt.应得,应受到(奖赏或惩罚)
deserve consideration/attention/praise
值得考虑/注意/赞扬
deserve to do sth应该做某事
deserve doing=deserve to be done应该/值得被……
(1)You have worked hard,so you deserve to succeed(succeed).
(2)(应用文写作之环保话题)毫无疑问,违反自然法则的人类应该受到惩罚。
①There is no doubt that human beings,who go against the law of nature,deserve punishing.
②There is no doubt that human beings,who go against the law of nature,deserve to be punished.
③There is no doubt that human beings,who go against the law of nature,deserve punishment.
adjust vi. & vt.适应,(使)习惯;调整,调节(adjustment n.适应;调整)
·adjust to (doing) sth适应(做)某事
adjust...to...调整……以适应……
adjust oneself to...使某人自己适应……
·make an adjustment/adjustments作出调整
(1)(应用文写作之建议信)Hearing that you haven’t adjusted (yourself) to the life in the new school,I am worried about you.
(2)(应用文写作之建议信)If you find your plan doesn’t work well,you can make necessary adjustments(adjust) to it.
(3)(应用文写作之告知信)如果此安排不适合您,我们可以根据您的需要调整我们的计划。
If the arrangement is not suitable for you,we can adjust our plan to your convenience.
announce v.宣布,宣告,公布(announcement n.通知;宣布)
·announce sth to sb(=announce to sb sth)向某人宣布某事
It is announced that...据称……;据宣布……
·make an announcement下通知;宣布
(1)The airline announced to the media that the flight to the USA was canceled.
(2)It has been announced that our company will employ 50 new workers altogether.
(3)(应用文写作之口头通知)请注意。我有一个消息要宣布。
Attention,please.I have an announcement to make.
react vi.(作出)反应;反抗(reaction n.反应)
react to对……作出反应
react with与……起(化学)反应
react against反对;反抗;反叛
(1)This produced a chain reaction(react),which made the chemist astonished.
(2)The experiment shows how iron reacts with air and water.
(3)Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes.
(4)(应用文写作之抗灾)医生们积极响应政府的号召,并立即出发前往灾区。
The physicians reacted actively to the call from the government and set off for disaster area immediately.
in terms of根据;就……而言
in the long/short term从长远/短期来看
be on good/bad terms with与……关系好/坏
come to terms with达成协议;接受(负面的事物)
(1)It is natural that one can’t come to terms with his disability for a while.
(2)Bear in mind that with a sense of humor,you can always be on good terms with others.
(3)(应用文写作之环保话题)在短期内,化学喷雾剂显然是控制害虫的有效方法。然而,从长远来看,这对生态系统是有害的。
In the short term,chemical sprays are clearly an effective way to control pests.However,this is harmful to the ecosystem in the long term.
(4)(读后续写之升华)虽然约翰只捐了1美元,但他的善良无法用金钱来衡量。
Though John only donated 1 dollar,his kindness couldn’t be measured in terms of money.
“It+be+过去分词+that...”结构
教材原句 It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.人们普遍认为,情商高的人容易接纳新思想,对待生活积极乐观。(P9)
·本句属于“It+be+过去分词+that...”结构,其中that引导主语从句,it是形式主语。
·常见的结构有:
It is believed that...人们相信……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is predicted that...据预测……
It is said that...据说……
·“It+be+过去分词+that...”可以改写为:“Sb/Sth+be+过去分词+不定式”。
(1)It is believed that global warming is due to human activities.
(2)It is reported that two thirds of the students in the university plan to gain the master's degree.
(3)It is predicted(predict) that the economy will continue going up next season.
(4)It is said that his son is studying in the English department now.
→His son is said to be studying in the English department now.
There is little doubt that...毫无疑问……
教材原句 On the other hand,there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations...另一方面,情商低的人毫无疑问往往在与人相处、解决困难方面存在问题……(P9)
·“There is little/no doubt that...”是常用句型结构,此时doubt为名词,that引导的是doubt的同位语从句。doubt 本身用于疑问句或者否定句时,后面的从句用that引导,如果doubt本身用于肯定句,则后面的从句用if 或者whether引导。
毫无疑问……
There is (some) doubt whether...对……持有疑问。
·I doubt whether/if...我怀疑是否……
I don’t doubt that...我确信……
·without doubt毫无疑问地
(1)(读后续写之心理描写)The scene was so strange that he doubted whether/if there was something wrong with his eyes.
(2)毫无疑问,正是人类的活动导致了全球气温的升高。
①Without doubt it is human activities that lead to an increase in global temperature.
②There is no doubt that it is human activities that lead to an increase in global temperature.
Ⅰ.一词多义
credit n.
A.信用,信誉 B.赞扬,称赞 C.学分 D.赊购,信贷
1.No credit is given at this shop. D
2.He doesn’t have enough credits to get his degree. C
3.To their credit,these passengers rushed to save the injured immediately. B
4.Its international credit was excellent. A
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1.The brilliant sun lit up their rooms.adj.明亮的,灿烂的
2.I am altogether on your side in this matter.adv.全然地
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.The seaside had all sorts of pleasant associations with childhood holidays for me.
2.I don’t think the salesman is a reliable(rely) person,so I won’t purchase anything he recommends.
3.It took her a long time to adjust to her disability after the operation.
4.It is announced that 6 students failed to get their bachelor's degree because of not meeting the academic requirements.
5.I wonder why the boss is not willing to employ(employ) the young man with a brilliant CV.
6.His reaction to my question was solely shaking head.
7.There is some doubt whether the economy will recover from the depression next year.
8.It was the improved management that brought the factory back to life.
9.He asked me if I had problems persuading(persuade) my father into buying a new cellphone for me.
10. Compared(compare) with her achievements,her shortcomings are,after all,only secondary.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1.I am willing to devote myself to making our country wealthier and stronger.
2.To his surprise,his boss reacted to his request with a firm nod.
3.Knowing the harm smoking will do to his health,he is determined to give it up.
4.To be honest,the new job is far from satisfactory in terms of salary.
5.When I first arrived in London,I found it difficult to adjust to the climate there.
Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——生命的意义与价值)
1.尽管智商在人的发展中起重要作用,情商也越来越受重视。(while引导的让步状语从句)
While IQ plays an important role in human development,EQ is also increasingly valued.
2.是情商决定一个人能多好地运用智商。(强调句)
It is EQ that determines how well a person can use his IQ.
3.毫无疑问,一个低情商的人在社会上不能充分发展。(There is little doubt that...)
There is little doubt that a person with a low EQ cannot develop to the fullest in society.
4.他会在处理人际关系方面有困难。(have problems doing)
He will have problems dealing with personal relationships.
5.但是,如果加以合适的引导,一个人的情商会大大提高。(if引导的省略句)
However,if properly guided,a person’s EQ will be greatly improved.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
(2023·山东德州高二期末)
According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,China’s digital economy has increased by 15.9 percent annually since 2012,reaching 45.5 trillion yuan ($6.32 trillion) last year.Facing the growing digital economy and new vacancies developed in the sector such as deliverymen and livestreaming anchors(主播),young people,especially those born after 2000,are expressing a stronger willingness for flexible work relations with companies,and also wish to become “digital workers” with flexible work locations and schedules.
“The Internet helps me a lot.I check emails from my clients and submit my proposals through WeChat,then we discuss plans via teleconference.I love working from home actually,” said Mi Lu,a 28-year-old new media operator in Beijing.“We work everywhere,perhaps in a cafe,or on a bullet train or even on the table of a restaurant.”
To cater to young people’s work preferences,more companies have begun to include “flexible working mode” in their recruitment advertisements.Zhaopin,a website,said vacancies with flexible work available make up 15 to 20 percent of total vacancies on its platform,especially for industries in the growing gig economy such as transportation and logistics(物流).According to Zhaopin,the proportion of flexible vacancies in these industries has increased to 25 percent this year,up from 10 percent in 2018.
However,the flexibility may bring risks to workers’ rights protection,according to Zhaopin.It said that though roughly 60 percent of companies posting vacancies on its platform offer insurance,the proportion is decreasing.
Li Qiang,vice-president of Zhaopin,said that the greatest risk to those seeking flexible work is whether the company pays the salary fully and on time.“It’s necessary for job seekers to set up a long-term development plan,rather than be shortsighted.” He added that companies may bear risks that flexible employees can’t deliver high-quality work in a limited time period,which requires the companies to establish a sound work delivery standard to help evaluate employee performance.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了随着数字经济的蓬勃发展,越来越多的年轻求职者更喜欢弹性工作。
1.What factor contributes to flexible work?
A.The booming digital economy.
B.The desire for more free time.
C.The disappearance of some positions.
D.The improvement of working conditions.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,自2012年以来,中国的数字经济快速增长。面对日益增长的数字经济和快递员、直播主播等行业新出现的职位空缺,年轻人希望成为工作地点和时间表灵活的“数字工作者”。由此可知,蓬勃发展的数字经济有助于弹性工作。故选A。
2.How do companies react to young people’s work preference?
A.They ignore the youth’s requests.
B.They follow the old working mode.
C.They provide positions accordingly.
D.They reduce working opportunities.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知,为了迎合年轻人的工作偏好,越来越多的公司开始在招聘广告中加入“弹性工作模式”。即公司相应地提供职位来应对年轻人的工作偏好。故选C。
3.What suggestions did Li Qiang give?
A.The companies pay higher salary.
B.The job seekers make a detailed plan.
C.The companies make reasonable rules.
D.The job seekers apply for positions on time.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中最后一句可知,李强给出的建议是公司建立一个完善的工作交付标准来帮助评估员工的表现,即应该制定合理的规则。故选C。
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.A New Internet-related Working Model
B.Job Seekers More Keen on Flexible Work
C.The Rapidly Developing Digital Economy
D.Companies Well Prepared for New Risks
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。根据文章大意以及第一段提到的数字经济蓬勃发展的影响和第三段首句可知,文章主要讲的是随着数字经济的蓬勃发展,越来越多的年轻求职者更喜欢弹性工作。故文章的最佳标题是“求职者更喜欢弹性工作”。故选B。
Ⅴ.完形填空
In the Drum Tower West Theater in Beijing,Ding Yiteng was watching his new play,The New Romance of the West Chamber.The play brought his unique 1 ,shaped by his experiences,to the audience.Ding understands the Western view of art,and he loves Chinese culture,so he wishes to 2 them.
During his early education in the U.S.,Ding 3 a lot for not being able to understand people around him. 4 ,when he returned to China,he went through a second 5 experience since he was not accepted by his classmates in his own culture.
The 6 stimulated his desire for self-expression.He found his place on the stage and devoted himself to 7 ever since.His hard work 8 .He became the only Asian actor in a famous international theater group in Denmark.
His deep love for Beijing Opera 9 as he saw a picture of Mei Lanfang,the most famous Peking Opera star,in the Danish theater.“I felt this urgent need for the 10 of my country,” Ding said.After that,Ding dedicated himself to studying Chinese dramas and reinterpreting(重新诠释) 11 plays as a director.
In The New Romance of the West Chamber,Ding rewrote the story to give each 12 a modern identity.He explored the topic of 13 and left a question—whether the couple can free themselves from the limits of family and society.The play doesn’t give any 14 .
“As a director,I need to find 15 from the traditional stories but keep a contemporary view as well,” Ding said.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是我国话剧演员丁一滕的人生经历,并以《新西厢记》为例介绍其艺术创作的特点。
1.A.achievement B.understanding
C.personality D.strength
答案 B
解析 根据下文中的“shaped by his experiences”及“Ding understands the Western view of art”可知,此处指的是他的人生经历塑造了他对艺术的不同理解。故选B。
2.A.exchange B.support
C.integrate D.research
答案 C
解析 根据空前的“Ding understands the Western view of art,and he loves Chinese culture”以及“so”可知,丁一滕既了解西方艺术观,又喜爱中国文化,所以他希望将二者融合。故选C。
3.A.feared B.prepared
C.learned D.suffered
答案 D
解析 根据空后的“...for not being able to understand people around him”可知,由于不理解,所以会很不愉快,因此使用“遭遇”符合语境。故选D。
4.A.Unfortunately B.Therefore
C.Obviously D.However
答案 A
解析 根据下文中的“...went through a second experience...”可知,此处表示丁一滕再一次遭遇不愉快,所以,此处用“不幸地”符合语境。故选A。
5.A.unique B.unpleasant
C.cultural D.educational
答案 B
解析 根据下文中的“since he was not accepted by his classmates in his own culture”可知,丁一滕不被自己同种文化的同学所接受,所以这是一种不愉快的经历。故选B。
6.A.change B.fear
C.pride D.loneliness
答案 D
解析 根据上文中的“...for not being able to understand people around him”以及“...since he was not accepted by his classmates in his own culture”可知,因为不理解别人,也不被别人接受,所以此处表示他很孤独。故选D。
7.A.studying B.writing
C.performing D.directing
答案 C
解析 根据上文中的“He found his place on the stage”可知,舞台上有他的一席之地,所以他致力于表演。故选C。
8.A.paid off B.went on
C.paid back D.gave out
答案 A
解析 根据下文中的“He became the only Asian actor in a famous international theater group in Denmark.”可知,他的付出有了回报。故选A。
9.A.disappeared B.shifted
C.grew D.continued
答案 C
解析 根据下文中的“...as he saw a picture of Mei Lanfang”可知,他对京剧的喜爱是从丹麦见到梅兰芳的照片开始的。故选C。
10.A.problem B.culture
C.education D.innovation
答案 B
解析 根据下文中的“After that,Ding dedicated himself to studying Chinese dramas...”可知,丁一滕开始专心研究中国的戏剧,所以此处表示他对中国文化的渴求。故选B。
11.A.school B.television
C.foreign D.traditional
答案 D
解析 根据最后一段中的“As a director,I need to find from the traditional stories”可知,此处指的是对传统戏剧的重新诠释。故选D。
12.A.actor B.character
C.play D.topic
答案 B
解析 根据上文中的“In The New Romance of the West Chamber...”可知,此处指的是《西厢记》中的每一个人物。故选B。
13.A.romance B.death
C.society D.pain
答案 A
解析 结合常识可知,《西厢记》是一个爱情故事,所以此处指的是探讨爱情主题。故选A。
14.A.answer B.promise
C.freedom D.recommendation
答案 A
解析 根据上文中的“...left a question...”可知,新改编的话剧留给观众一个问题去思考,所以没有给出任何答案。故选A。
15.A.truth B.evidence
C.courage D.inspiration
答案 D
解析 根据下文中的“but keep a contemporary view as well”可知,前后两句为转折关系,表示既要有传统的内涵,又要有当代的艺术观,所以只有在传统中去找灵感,用当代艺术的形式体现出来。故选D。
Ⅵ.语法填空
The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival,1. officially opened on January 5 and will run through next month,has turned the city in northeastern 2.___________(China) Heilongjiang Province into a wonderland.
Last year,more than a million visitors 3. (attract) to Harbin to see the huge sculptures 4. (create) from huge ice blocks and tons of snow by artists from 12 countries.
In the weeks 5. (lead) up to the latest festival,hundreds of workers spent hours cutting blocks of ice from the nearby Songhua River.Each piece weighed up to 1,554 pounds and almost 261,500m3 of ice were cut 6. transported on-site.
When the ice and snow sculptures are lit up by thousands of lanterns,they are very 7.___________ (impress),with the massive main sculpture measuring 108 feet in height and over 325 feet in 8. (long).From fantasy castles and creatures to recreations of iconic monuments,the incredible ice and snow sculptures allow the public to relive 9. (they) childhood.Many visitors say it is 10. once-in-a-lifetime experience for them!
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。一年一度的哈尔滨冰雪节已经拉开了帷幕。华灯初上时,这座中国北方的城市顿时变成了一个梦幻世界。
1.答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,所填词引导非限制性定语从句,修饰物,关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。
2.答案 China’s
解析 考查名词所有格。分析该句成分可知,所填词与Heilongjiang Province为所属关系,故用所给名词的所有格形式。故填China’s。
3.答案 were attracted
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该句陈述的是去年发生的事,且主语visitors与谓语动词attract是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,主语visitors是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。故填were attracted。
4.答案 created
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处用非谓语形式作后置定语,修饰sculptures。动词create与逻辑主语sculptures之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词表被动。故填created。
5.答案 leading
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处用非谓语形式作后置定语,修饰weeks。动词lead与逻辑主语weeks之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词表主动。故填leading。
6.答案 and
解析 考查连词。根据句意“冰块被切好并运到现场”可知,此处表示并列关系,故用连词and。故填and。
7.答案 impressive
解析 考查形容词。分析该句成分可知,此处用所给动词的形容词形式作表语。故填impressive。
8.答案 length
解析 考查名词。根据空前的介词in可知,此处用所给形容词的名词形式作介词in的宾语。故填length。
9.答案 their
解析 考查代词。 分析该句成分可知,此处用形容词性物主代词their修饰后面的名词childhood。故填their。
10.答案 a
解析 考查冠词。 experience为单数可数名词,表示泛指,用不定冠词;且空后的once为发音以辅音音素开头的单词,故用不定冠词a。故填a。
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