高三英语下学期开学考试（上海卷）-备战2025年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(上海专用)

绝密★考试结束前 2025年高三下学期开学考试（上海卷） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Plastic bags are not costly to produce and strong and easy to carry. This is 1 they are a popular container. But they are also 2 major source of pollution. 3 can take hundreds of years of plastic bags to break down. Even tiny pieces can poison soil, lakes, rivers and oceans. Therefore, environmental experts urge people to reuse and recycle plastic bags. Maryland artist Allita Irby does just that. It starts with the morning newspaper. What is 4 (important) is getting that plastic bag the paper comes in. The mixed media artist recognized its rich possibilities about three year ago. “As I was taking the newspaper out, I felt the texture of these bags. They were soft. I just looked down and realized it 5 (take) three to make a braid (辫子).” Since then, Irby 6 (use) plastic bags to create abstract lines in her art works. Ms. Irby’s neighbors praised her ability 7 (turn) waste into treasure. Some, 8 Charlotte Hogan, asked the artist to teach them how to create art using the used plastic bags. “I think it is fascinating, and it is wonderful. I do plan to share it with my seniors at my church.” One of Irby’s neighbors Aleta Meyer expressed her surprise, “I have never given any more thought to what to do with a plastic bag. This is definitely different.” Shirley Watts also lives in the neighborhood. She plans to show others her art. “I want to make a masterpiece 9 I can put in a frame and put it up on my wall and then I know that I did it.” “Making art with found materials is not a new idea. Anyone can do it. 10 (recycle) paper, cloth and metal goods can become beautiful pictures and sculptures.” Allita Irby said, “I think we are all artists really, and there is beauty all around us.” The artist also said that all you had to do was to open your eyes and bring the outside in. Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．attractive    B．bothered    C．building    D．contrasts E．crossed    F．demonstrates    G．dramatically    H．greyed I．instrumental    J．sustaining    K．vividly A Review on Oppenheimer Oppenheimer is Christopher Nolan’s film about J. Robert Oppenheimer, the man known as “the father of the atomic(原子的) bomb”. As a drama about genius, pride and error, it 11 the life of the American theoretical physicist who helped research and develop the two atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, two cities in Japan, during World War II. Oppenheimer is a great achievement, partly because it 12 relates that period of history thanks to Nolan’s lifelike filmmaking. Nolan goes deep and long on the 13 of the bomb, but he doesn’t restage the attacks and there are no documentary images of the dead or cities in ashes. The story tracks Oppenheimer across decades, starting in the 1920s with him as a young adult and continuing until his hair 14 . The film touches on his personal and professional milestones, the controversies that 15 him, and the attacks that nearly ruined him. Besides, the friendships and romances 16 him, yet also troubling, are also described. The path of Oppenheimer’s life 17 shifted at Berkeley. He was once only an academic there, but his identity changed after Germany entered Poland by force. By that time, Oppenheimer had become friends with Ernest Lawrence, a physicist who invented the historic particle accelerator (粒子加速器) and played a(n) 18 role in the Manhattan Project. And Oppenheimer also met the project’s military head and was then made director of Los Alamos, where much of his later research on nuclear weapons took place. François Truffaut once wrote that “war films, even those who support peace, even the best, willingly or not, present wars in a certain 19 way.” That is why Nolan refuses to show the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing millions of souls. In the film, you hear that Oppenheimer’s famous words 20 his own mind as the mushroom cloud rose: “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” Nolan is actually reminding audience to reconsider the roles they can play in the world. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In 1919, in the aftermath of war, the International Labour Organization used its first convention to limit working hours to eight a day and 48 a week. The Depression later prompted employers to 21 a five-day week. The latest crisis is dealing a 22 shock to how jobs are designed. The pandemic (疫情) forced many employers to implement remote working. It accelerated the use of technology to help them stay productive. As well as struggling with the challenges of hybrid work, some businesses are now 23 paying staff the same salary for a four-day working week, once as weird a concept as an eight-hour day. Promised 24 include improved wellbeing, better focus, fairer sharing of childcare between men and women, and even a lighter carbon footprint. Fear of missing out on the latest trend must not, 25 , blind companies to important obstacles and drawbacks. Offsetting the cost of a four-day week at a national level looks 26 to achieve. As economic historian Robert Skidelsky pointed out in 2019, in a report for the UK Labour party, “ 27 working hours nationwide, like France’s 35-hour working week, is not realistic or even desirable, because any cap needs to be adapted to the needs of different sectors (行业)”. The Wellcome Trust, the science research foundation, decided in 2019 that even a trial would be 28 , partly because its staff performed a mix of roles. Some jobs were hard to confine to four days. Other employees preferred to spread their work over five days. 29 already on a four-day week feared they might lose out. Lockdowns exposed the gap between flexible homeworking professionals and front-line “ 30 ” staff. A four-day week might 31 it. Some staff want or need to work extra hours. To the risks of a two-tier workforce and reduced freedom of choice add the danger of 32 . The approach fails if improved productivity does not cover the potential increased cost. If leaders’ determination to hit the same targets forces staff to work four 10-hour days, to shift their workload back into their 33 weekends, to rush jobs that require more time, or to hire additional hands to plug gaps, some of the benefits of offering workers more free time will quickly disappear. For each of these 34 , advocates have an answer. One is that companies just need to organise staff more efficiently. In itself, better 35 would improve productivity. Another is to cut working hours, rather than days, allowing greater flexibility. 21．A．cancel B．restore C．back D．deny 22．A．similar B．mild C．psychological D．distinct 23．A．stopping B．considering C．continuing D．forbidding 24．A．features B．awards C．challenges D．benefits 25．A．therefore B．however C．besides D．otherwise 26．A．optimistic B．essential C．hard D．instant 27．A．capping B．eliminating C．revising D．promoting 28．A．effective B．troublesome C．consequential D．apparent 29．A．Professionals B．Full-timers C．Amateurs D．Part-timers 30．A．industrious B．goal-driven C．always-on D．decisive 31．A．widen B．bridge C．fill D．leave 32．A．boredom B．invasion C．distraction D．overload 33．A．short B．long C．early D．late 34．A．distinctions B．impacts C．objections D．suggestions 35．A．judgment B．standard C．management D．method Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs. But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students. It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education. So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those students being low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates. How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong. For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facing difficulties. That way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference. Michigan States has not only received useful information from its parents. It has also shared helpful information of its own. Bridget Burns, the executive director for the UIA, says efforts like this have never been as successful. “There are rankings that measure all kinds of things,” Burns said. “But how well you do for low-income students has not historically been highlighted.” 36．What led to the setting up of the UIA? A．The low graduation rates B．The great need of low-income students. C．The inefficiency of learning D．The severe competition between schools 37．The UIA functions in such a way as the member universities ____. A．find out their own graduation rates B．share and follow each other’s good practice C．make joint efforts to aid students financially D．popularize computer programs among students 38．By “it has meant a world of difference” in paragraph 6, the author means Michigan State__________. A．has found the computer program quite different from theirs B．has discovered the computer program is very difficult to use C．has helped students successfully with the computer program D．has involved more academic advisors in the computer program 39．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．Universities Highlighting Their Efforts for Low-Incomes B．Universities Computing for Better Students and Teachers C．Universities Working Together to Help Poor Students D．Universities Creating the UIA to Share Information B Here are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping. Need inspiration? Scott Monument This remarkable Gothic building was built in memory of the life and work of Sir Walter Scott. Climb the 287 steps to the top and you’ll be rewarded with some pretty special views. History lovers? Edinburgh Castle looks over the city skyline from Castle Rock. You can take a tour (human or audio) or just wander through it with a map. Listen out for the One o’clock Gun—it fires every day except Sunday. At one o’clock. Obviously. Time your trains With cheap train tickets to Edinburgh to coincide Feeling hungry? A satisfying dinner: With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, plus home-grown fresh fruits and edible flowers, Timberyard has favourable reviews. A light lunch: Thomson’s Bar claims to serve “the best steak pie in Edinburgh”, to match with real beer (it’s in the Good Beer Guide) and enough whiskies(威士忌酒) to take up a whole page on the drinks menu. Shopping centre Princes Street: You’ll find all your favourites on Edinburgh’s main shopping drag, Princes Street. There’s M&S, Gap and Waterstones and also a bit of a retail landmark in the shape of Jenners Department Store. Harvey Nichols: A byword(代名词) for luxury, Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack. Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try to separate you from your cash. Hidden Edinburgh Edinburgh’s deepest secret (literally) is a network of underground streets, which you can tour with a guide. Try “The Real Mary King’s Close” to uncover some of the myths and mysteries as to how the street, once open to the skies, found itself underground. Need trains to Edinburgh? We’ll get you sorted... 40．While shopping in Edinburgh, we may find that ________. A．Princes Street is the place where celebrities go shopping B．Edinburgh’s main shopping drag is extremely expensive C．many high-end brands can be found in Harvey Nichols D．one cannot pay in cash when shopping in Harvey Nichols 41．The underlined word “edible” is closest in meaning to ________. A．beautiful B．eatable C．visible D．delicate 42．This page is most likely to be found at ________. A．http: //www.britishairways.com/en-hk/destinations/edinburgh/flights-to-edinburgh B．https: //www.rabbies.com/en/tour-scotland/one-day-tours-scotland-from-edinburgh C．https: //www.virgintrainseastcoast.com/our-destinations/edinburgh-overview D．http: //www.edinburghcastle.gov.uk/discover/about-the-castle C In recent years, the International Space Field set off a new round of exploration craze, hoping to further master the space secrets and resources. Countries are busy developing rockets and satellites, developing manned space technology, formulating plans to explore the moon and Mars, and conquering space “One step ahead?”. When engineers develop a spacecraft, they ask a few key questions that guide their process, says David Klaus, a professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder, who studies risk assessment and human spaceflight. They are, he explains, “What do we want to do? What does it take to do it? What can go wrong? And what can we do to reduce the chance of the bad things going wrong?” These questions seem simple enough, but the answers are essential. When NASA, SpaceX, Blue Origin or anyone else considers sending humans into space, the vehicle they build must do three things. First, it has to accommodate the crew members by meeting their basic needs such as oxygen, food and water. Second, it should allow them to accomplish mission objectives. Lastly, it must protect the people onboard and on the ground from the risks of spaceflight and reentry. Sometimes meeting one need introduces new risks. The crew needs to breathe, of course, but it was high-pressure tanks of liquid oxygen that caused an explosion on Apollo 13, and it was the fuel powering an oxygen generator that sparked a fire onboard the Mir space station in 1997. Not only do astronauts float through a near vacuum (真空) filled with radiation, but in low-Earth orbit, where the International Space Station (ISS) operates, crews have to deal with a growing cloud of debris (碎片) circling Earth, which are usually from old satellites. The ISS’s debris protective covering can absorb impacts from particles smaller than half an inch, but between 1999 and 2022, the station had to fire pushers 32 times to avoid contact with larger objects. A single hit would be dangerous; at speeds of 17,500 miles per hour, even something the size of a softball can cause severe damage. What is the point of looking decades into space and struggling to explore the vastness of the universe? The development of the space industry has brought humans many benefits, the most important of which is the spread of information. The cell phone signal and TV signal people use now are all benefiting from the development of the space industry. The ultimate goal of mankind is to go deeper into space, and to explore more unknown worlds, that is, the Moon, Mars and beyond, and what humanity is eager to achieve is a common home of freedom and equality. 43．Why did the writer mention the explosion on Apollo 13 in Paragraph 3 and the fire onboard the Mir space station? A．To explain the high risks of the space industry. B．To show the disadvantages of the space travel. C．To prove the unexpected risks of the spaceflight process. D．To describe the new risks involved in meeting the requirements. 44．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．The space environment itself piles on danger. B．Any misstep on a space mission is fatal. C．It is very difficult to complete the space mission. D．Space engineers work hard to clean up space debris. 45．What is the ultimate goal of human exploration of space? A．More unknown planets and stars. B．Freedom and equality of human beings. C．More protection against human diseases. D．Space secrets and endless resources. 46．What does the underlined phrase in the last paragraph mean? A．Studying space for countless years. B．Living in space for many years. C．Exploring space for some ten years. D．Observing space for several ten years. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Can Exercise Make You More Creative? If you often exercise, there is a good chance you also tend to be more creative, according to a study of the links between physical activity and imagination. The study, which was published in Scientific Reports, finds that active people come up with more and better ideas during tests of their inventiveness than people who are relatively sedentary. Science already offers plenty of evidence that physical activity influences how we think. Many studies on people and animals show that our brains change in response to physical activity, in part because during exercise we marinate(浸泡)our brains with extra blood, oxygen and nutrients. In rodent(啮齿动物)studies, animals that regularly exercise produce far more new brain cells than sedentary counterparts, even if they are elderly. 47 . However, creativity is one of the most abstract of thinking skills, and its relationship with exercise has not been clear. Some past research had speculated that good moods might be the intermediary inking activity and creativity. According to that idea, moving makes people happier, and their good cheer in turn stimulates their creativity. 48 . To learn more about how being active could possibly affect creativity in the first place, researchers at the University of Graz in Austria tracked the normal activities of a group of healthy adults. 49 Then they asked them to visit the lab and let their imaginations soar, conceiving new uses for car tires and umbrellas and finishing partial drawings. The researchers then rated their output on its originality and other measures. The volunteers also completed standardized questionnaires about their moods. Crosschecking the data, the scientists found that the most active of the volunteers proved to be also the most creative, especially if they often walked or exercised moderately. Active people also tended to be in high spirits, although their moods were highest if they engaged in vigorous activities, rather than moderate ones. However, the correlations between activity, creativity and moods were slight. 50 The study was associational, though, meaning that it looked at a brief moment in people’s lives. It did not involve a randomized experiment and cannot tell us how exercise and other activities might shape creativity, if not by raising moods, or show whether a brisk walk now helps us better finish a newspaper column or some other creative venture later. But the results do suggest that active imaginations start with active lives. A．In other words, exercise does not directly affect creative thinking. B．They equipped these volunteers with activity trackers for five days. C．Through exercise, people tend to feel refreshed and focused on what they’re doing. D．Creativity is an innate ability, which can be brought out to its full potential with sufficient exercise. E．In people, too, exercise improves our moods and tends to sharpen our abilities to reason and remember. F．This suggested that it was not improved moods, but physical activity, that had a greater influence on creativity. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Tai Chi Can Reduce Falls in Old People Old people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved, reducing the risk of falls, according to a paper in the latest Journal of Advanced Nursing. Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in residential care. 29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-exercise control group. The exercise programme consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercises, 20 minutes of Sun-style Tai Chi movement and 5 minutes of cooling down exercises. During the exercise, traditional instrumental music was used. It helped the group maintain slow and continuous movements and provide a comforting effect. Both groups underwent a series of tests before and after the 12-week exercise programme. They measured their muscle strength, balance and confidence in avoiding falls. Researchers analyzed the data and compared them with those of the non-exercise control group. They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved flexibility and better balance. Tai Chi, an ancient Chinese martial art (武术), consists of a series of slow, gentle, continuous movements. It is particularly suitable for old people as it helps them to develop stronger muscles and better balance and concentration. “Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion. It can help old people to avoid falls by developing their balance, muscle strength and confidence,” says Professor Song. “We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．室友们商定好每两天打扫一次宿舍。(agree) (汉译英) 53．“乏味”这个词和他最新的漫画沾不上边。(apply) (汉译英) 54．说实话，尽管城市漫步广受年轻人欢迎，我还是偏爱海钓。(despite) (汉译英) 55．球员个人是否拥有出色的得分能力固然重要，但场上取胜的关键在于团队合作。(matter) (汉译英) V. Guided Writing （25分） 56．Directions:  Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 在不断发展的教育环境中，学生们在课堂上记笔记的方式也发生了显著的变化。为了更深入地了解这一趋势，明启中学学生会决定展开一项有关“高中生记笔记方式”的调查，想了解高中生在课堂上更青睐使用传统纸笔记笔记还是现代高科技产品拍照记笔记。假设你是李华，请给学生会写一封邮件表达你的想法。你的邮件必须满足以下要求： 你的选择； 你的理由。 注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 C A B D B C A B D C 题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 答案 A D B C C A B C C C 题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 答案 B C D A B D E A B F 1．why 2．a 3．It 4．more important 5．would take 6．has been using 7．to turn 8．like 9．that/which 10．Recycled 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了塑料袋虽然生产成本低、结实且易于携带，但也成为了主要的污染源，因此环境专家呼吁人们重复使用和回收塑料袋。艺术家Allita Irby利用塑料袋创作艺术品，将废物转化为宝物，展现了废物利用的可能性。 1．考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么它们是一种受欢迎的容器。“_____ they are a popular container”为表语从句，连接词在从句中作原因状语，意为“为什么”，用连接副词why引导该从句。故填why。 2．考查冠词。句意：但它们也是一个主要的污染源。可数名词source在句中表示“一个主要的污染源”，泛指，且major是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 3．考查形式主语。句意：塑料袋可能需要数百年才能分解。“It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式，所以空处应用It作形式主语。故填It。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：更重要的是得到装报纸的塑料袋。结合后文“The mixed media artist recognized its rich possibilities about three year ago.”可知，对于这位混合媒介艺术家来说，更重要的是得到装报纸的塑料袋，因为她认识到了它的丰富可能性，所以空处应用形容词比较级more important作表语，意为“更重要的”。故填more important。 5．考查时态。句意：我只是低下头，意识到编一条辫子需要三个。realize(意识)是从句谓语动词，结合句意，表示将要发生的事情，主语是一般过去时态，从句用过去将来时“would+动词原形”。故填would take。 6．考查时态。句意：从那时起，Irby一直在她的艺术作品中使用塑料袋来创作抽象的线条。    use(使用)是谓语动词，与主语Irby之间是主动关系，结合句意和时间状语“Since then”可知，表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，且强调一直在做这件事情，应用现在完成进行时态，主语Irby为专有名词，谓语动词用单数形式，助动词用has。故填has been using。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：Irby的邻居们称赞她把废物变成宝物的能力。名词ability(能力)后常用不定式作后置定语，“ability to do sth.”意为“做某事的能力”。故填to turn。 8．考查介词。句意：有些人，比如Charlotte Hogan，请这位艺术家教他们如何用用过的塑料袋创作艺术。根据句意可知，此处表示举例，应用介词like，意为“比如”。故填like。 9．考查定语从句。句意：我想创作一幅我可以放进画框里挂在墙上的杰作，然后我就知道这是我做的。“_____ I can put in a frame and put it up on my wall”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a masterpiece，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作宾语，用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：回收的纸张、布料和金属制品可以变成美丽的图画和雕塑。recycle(回收)作定语，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语paper, cloth and metal goods之间是被动关系，应用过去分词recycled作定语，意为“被回收的”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Recycled。 11．F 12．K 13．C 14．H 15．B 16．J 17．G 18．I 19．A 20．E 【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章是一则关于《奥本海默》的影评，介绍了电影的大概内容以及人物的背景知识。 11．考查动词。句意：作为一部关于天才、骄傲和错误的戏剧，它展示了美国理论物理学家的一生，他在第二次世界大战期间帮助研究和开发了投在日本广岛和长崎两个城市的两颗原子弹。根据“the life of the American theoretical physicist”以及句意“展示”可知应填动词demonstrate，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式。故选F。 12．考查副词。句意：《奥本海默》是一部伟大的作品，部分原因是由于诺兰栩栩如生的电影制作，它生动地讲述了那段历史。根据“relates that period of history”以及句意“生动”可知应填副词vividly，修饰动词relate。故选K。 13．考查名词。句意：诺兰对原子弹的建造进行了深入而漫长的研究，但他没有重现袭击事件，也没有记录死者或灰烬中的城市。根据“of the bomb”以及句意“建造”可知应填名词building，作宾语。故选C。 14．考查动词。句意：故事讲述了奥本海默几十年的故事，从20世纪20年代他年轻的时候开始，一直持续到他头发变白。根据“with him as a young adult and continuing until his hair”以及句意“变白”可知应填动词grey，结合上文starting in the 1920s可知为一般过去时。故选H。 15．考查时态。句意：这部电影触及了他个人和职业上的里程碑，困扰他的争议，以及几乎毁了他的攻击。根据“the controversies that”以及句意“困扰”可知应填动词bother，结合attacks that nearly ruined him可知为一般过去时。故选B。 16．考查动词。句意：除此之外，书中还描述了支持他的友谊和爱情，但也令人不安。根据“him, yet also troubling”以及句意“支持”可知应填动词sustain，此处为现在分词作定语。故选J。 17．考查副词。句意：奥本海默的人生轨迹在伯克利发生了戏剧性的变化。根据“He was once only an academic there, but his identity changed after Germany entered Poland by force.(他曾经只是一名学者，但在德国武力入侵波兰后，他的身份发生了变化)”以及句意“戏剧性”可知应填副词dramatically，修饰动词shift。故选G。 18．考查形容词。句意：那时，奥本海默已经和欧内斯特·劳伦斯成了朋友，劳伦斯发明了具有历史意义的粒子加速器，并在曼哈顿计划中发挥了重要作用。根据“role in the Manhattan Project”以及句意“重要”可知应填形容词instrumental，修饰名词role。故选I。 19．考查形容词。句意：弗朗索瓦·特吕弗曾写道：“战争片，即使是那些支持和平的电影，即使是最好的电影，无论是否愿意，都以某种吸引人的方式呈现战争。”根据“war films, even those who support peace, even the best, willingly or not, present wars in a certain”以及句意“吸引人的”可知应填形容词attractive，修饰名词way。故选A。 20．考查动词。句意：在电影中，当蘑菇云升起时，你会听到奥本海默的名言闪过他的脑海：“现在我变成了死神，世界的毁灭者。”根据“you hear that Oppenheimer’s famous words”以及句意“闪过”可知应填cross，结合as the mushroom cloud rose可知为一般过去时。故选E。 21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．C 31．A 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了四天工作制的优点和缺，并提出了一些可能的解决方案，如更有效的组织员工，灵活安排工作时间和提高生产力等。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大萧条后来促使雇主支持每周工作五天。A. cancel取消；B. restore恢复；C. back支持；D. deny否认。根据上文“In 1919, in the aftermath of war, the International Labour Organization used its first convention to limit working hours to eight a day and 48 a week.”可知，大萧条后国际劳工组织把工作时间限制在每天8小时和每周48小时，后来雇主支持每周工作五天。故选C。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近的这场危机对就业岗位的设计产生了类似的冲击。A. similar相似的；B. mild温和的；C. psychological心理学的；D. distinct不同的。根据下文“As well as struggling with the challenges of hybrid work, some businesses are now 　　3　　 paying staff the same salary for a four-day working week, once as weird a concept as an eight-hour day. ”可知，这次的危机导致一些企业现在正在考虑向员工支付每周四天工作的相同工资，所以和大萧条时对就业造成了类似的冲击。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了努力应对混合工作的挑战外，一些企业现在正在考虑向员工支付每周四天工作的相同工资，这曾经是一个与每天八小时工作一样奇怪的概念。A. stopping停止；B. considering考虑到；C. continuing继续；D. forbidding禁止。根据“It accelerated the use of technology to help them stay productive.”可知，疫情时许多雇主实施远程工作，看到了技术的加速使用保持了生产力，所以一些企业正在考虑向员工支付每周四天工作的相同工资。故选B。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：承诺的好处包括改善福利、更好地集中注意力、男女更公平地分担育儿，甚至减少碳足迹。A. features特征；B. awards奖项；C. challenges挑战；D. benefits利益。根据空后“include improved wellbeing, better focus, fairer sharing of childcare between men and women, and even a lighter carbon footprint”可知，改善福利、更好地集中注意力、男女更公平地分担育儿，甚至减少碳足迹都是这一改变带来的好处。故选D。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，企业不能因为害怕错过最新趋势而忽视重要的障碍和缺点。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. besides除了；D. otherwise否则。根据空前“Fear of missing out on the latest trend must not”和空后“blind companies to important obstacles and drawbacks.”可知，此处表示公司可能因此忽视重要的障碍和缺点，和前文中带来的好处为转折关系。故选B。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在国家层面上抵消一周工作四天的成本似乎很难实现。A. optimistic乐观的；B. essential必要的；C. hard困难的；D. instant立即的。根据下文“　　7　　 working hours nationwide, like France’s 35-hour working week, is not realistic or even desirable, because any cap needs to be adapted to the needs of different sectors (行业)”可知，在法国，一周工作35个小时是不现实并未不可取的，所以国家很难实现让人们一周工作四天。故选C。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：像法国的每周35小时工作制一样，在全国范围内限制工作时间是不现实的，甚至是不可取的，因为任何上限都需要适应不同部门的需求。A. capping限制；B. eliminating消除；C. revising修改；D. promoting促进。根据下文“because any cap needs to be adapted to the needs of different sectors (行业)”可知，全国范围内限制工作时间是不可实现的。故选A。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学研究基金会威康信托基金会在2019年决定，即使是试验也会很麻烦，部分原因是其工作人员身兼数职。A. effective有效的；B. troublesome麻烦的；C. consequential相应的；D. apparent显然的。根据下文“Some jobs were hard to confine to four days.”可知，四天工作制是不可实现的，所以即使是实验实施四天工作制也是非常麻烦的。故选B。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：已经每周工作四天的兼职人员担心他们可能会失败。A. Professionals专业人士；B. Full-timers专职工作人员；C. Amateurs业余爱好者；D. Part-timers兼职人员。根据上文“partly because its staff performed a mix of roles”可知，有人身兼数职，所以是兼职人员担心他们可能会失败。故选D。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：封锁暴露了灵活在家工作的专业人员与一线“随时待命”的一线员工之间的差距。A. industrious勤奋的；B. goal-driven目标驱动的；C. always-on总是的；D. decisive关键的。根据上文“Lockdowns exposed the gap between flexible homeworking professionals”可知，疫情带来的封锁让人们看到了灵活在家的工作人员和总是在一线“待命”的工作人员的区别。故选C。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一周工作四天可能会扩大范围。A. widen范围扩大；B. bridge架桥；C. fill填充；D. leave离开。根据上文“Lockdowns exposed the gap between flexible homeworking professionals and front-line “　　10　　” staff.”可知，疫情带来的封锁让人们看到了灵活在家的工作人员和总是在一线“待命”的工作人员的区别。一周工作四天会扩大这种区别。故选A。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了两层员工的风险和选择自由的减少之外，还增加了超负荷的危险。A. boredom无聊；B. invasion入侵；C. distraction分心；D. overload使负荷过重。根据上文“Some staff want or need to work extra hours.”可知，有一些员工想要或需要加班，所以做两种工作的人面对超负荷的风险。故选D。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果领导者决心实现同样的目标，迫使员工每天工作4天，每天工作10个小时，将工作量重新转移到漫长的周末，匆忙完成需要更多时间的工作，或者雇佣额外的人手来填补空缺，那么为员工提供更多自由时间的一些好处将很快消失。A. short短的；B. long长的；C. early早期的；D. late晚的。根据上文“forces staff to work four 10-hour days”以及下文“to rush jobs that require more time”可知，一周工作四天的制度也就意味着拥有更长的周末，但是雇员会在周末完成他们没有完成的工作。故选B。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于每一个反对意见，支持者都有答案。A. distinctions区别；B. impacts影响；C. objections反对意见；D. suggestions建议。根据下文“advocates have an answer”可知，支持这一制度的人对反对意见都会找到答案。故选C。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就其本身而言，更好的管理将提高生产力。A. judgment判决；B. standard标准；C. management管理；D. method方法。根据上文“One is that companies just need to organise staff more efficiently.”可知，一周四天的工作制度有很大的弊端，但是如果公司有更好的管理，有效的组织员工，也能发挥其长处。故选C。 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．C 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了密歇根州立大学和其他10所大学创建了一个名为“大学创新联盟”(UIA)的组织，主要是用于帮助低收入家庭的毕业生共享与毕业率这个问题相关的信息。 36．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem.可知这里problem指的是第三段But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education. 低收入家庭的大学生完成学业的可能性低于其他学生。故选A项。 37．细节理解题。根据第五段How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.他们是怎么做到的?首先，每所大学都要审视自己的情况，找出哪些是对的，哪些是错的。可知UIA的运作方式是各成员大学分享和遵循彼此的良好做法。故选B项。 38．词义猜测题。根据第六段This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facing difficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious.可知计算机程序的顾问可以帮助有不同困难的学生，也就是说密歇根州立大学已经利用计算机程序成功地帮助学生。故选C项。 39．主旨大意题。根据全文描述尤其是在第四段So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those students being low-income.可知，这些大学创建了一个名为“大学创新联盟”(UIA)的组织，目的是为了帮助这些低收入家庭的学生顺利毕业。故选C项。 40．C 41．B 42．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了在爱丁堡人们最喜欢吃饭、观光和购物的地方。 40．推理判断题。根据“Shopping centre”下面的“Harvey Nichols: A byword(代名词) for luxury, Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack. Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try to separate you from your cash.(哈维·尼科尔斯：一个奢华的代名词，哈维·尼克斯深受时尚界人士的喜爱。古奇、维多利亚·贝克汉姆和马克·雅可布会试图将你与现金分开。)”可推测出，在哈维·尼科尔斯可以找到许多高端的品牌。故选C。 41．词义猜测题。根据“A satisfying dinner”和画线词前的“With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, home-grown fresh fruits”可知，这里说的是餐饮的食材来自当地的种植者，其中有自家种植的新鲜水果，由此可推测出，这里说的是可以食用的鲜花。edible意为“可食用的”，与eatable意思接近。故选B。 42．推理判断题。根据文章开头图片中的“Edinburgh—the fourth most beautiful city in the world(爱丁堡——世界上第四美丽的城市)”以及第一段“Here are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.(这里有一些我们最喜欢的用餐、观光和购物地点。)”和下文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是在爱丁堡人们最喜欢吃饭、观光和购物的地方的概述，C选项中的edinburgh-overview意为“爱丁堡概述”，由此可推知，这一页有可能在https: //www.virgintrainseastcoast.com/our-destinations/edinburgh-overview网址中找到。故选C。 43．D 44．A 45．B 46．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了近年来，国际空间领域掀起了新一轮的探索热潮，希望进一步掌握空间秘密和资源。各国都在忙着研制火箭和卫星，发展载人航天技术，制定探索月球和火星的计划，“领先一步”征服太空。航天事业的发展给人类带来了许多好处，其中最重要的是信息的传播。人类的终极目标是向更深的空间发展，探索更多未知的世界，即月球、火星和更远的地方，人类渴望实现的是一个自由和平等的共同家园。 43．推理判断题。根据第三段“Sometimes meeting one need introduces new risks. The crew needs to breathe, of course, but it was high-pressure tanks of liquid oxygen that caused an explosion on Apollo 13, and it was the fuel powering an oxygen generator that sparked a fire onboard the Mir space station in 1997.(有时满足一种需求会带来新的风险。当然，宇航员需要呼吸，但导致阿波罗13号爆炸的是高压液氧罐，1997年和平号空间站上发生火灾的也是氧气发生器的燃料)”可推知，作者在第三段提到阿波罗13号的爆炸和和平号空间站的火灾是为了描述满足需求所涉及的新风险。故选D。 44．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Not only do astronauts float through a near vacuum (真空) filled with radiation, but in low-Earth orbit, where the International Space Station (ISS) operates, crews have to deal with a growing cloud of debris (碎片) circling Earth, which are usually from old satellites. The ISS’s debris protective covering can absorb impacts from particles smaller than half an inch, but between 1999 and 2022, the station had to fire pushers 32 times to avoid contact with larger objects. A single hit would be dangerous; at speeds of 17,500 miles per hour, even something the size of a softball can cause severe damage.(宇航员不仅要漂浮在充满辐射的近乎真空的环境中，而且在国际空间站运行的近地轨道上，宇航员还必须处理越来越多的环绕地球的碎片云，这些碎片通常来自旧卫星。国际空间站的碎片防护覆盖物可以吸收小于半英寸的颗粒的撞击，但在1999年至2022年期间，空间站不得不发射32次推进器，以避免与更大的物体接触。一次命中就会很危险；在每小时17500英里的速度下，即使是垒球大小的东西也会造成严重的伤害)”可知，本段讲述了宇航员在太空，在充满辐射的环境找那个工作，还要处理越来越多的碎片云，碎片击中空间站是很危险的，因此推动第四段主要介绍了空间环境本身堆积的危险。故选A。 45．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The ultimate goal of mankind is to go deeper into space, and to explore more unknown worlds, that is, the Moon, Mars and beyond, and what humanity is eager to achieve is a common home of freedom and equality.(人类的终极目标是向更深的空间发展，探索更多未知的世界，即月球、火星和更远的地方，人类渴望实现的是一个自由和平等的共同家园)”可知，人类探索太空的最终目的是实现人类的自由和平等。故选B。 46．词句猜测题。根据划线词组所在句“What is the point of looking decades into space and struggling to explore the vastness of the universe?(放眼太空数十年，努力探索浩瀚宇宙的意义何在？)”可知，“放眼太空数十年”的意思是“对太空进行了几十年的观测”。故选D。 47．E 48．A 49．B 50．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述的是锻炼能让你更有创造力。 47．根据空前的“In rodent(啮齿动物)studies, animals that regularly exercise produce far more new brain cells than sedentary counterparts, even if they are elderly. (在啮齿动物研究中，经常运动的动物比久坐不动的动物产生更多的新脑细胞，即使它们是年老的动物)”可知，此处描述的是经常运动在动物身上所起到的积极作用，后文应该阐述运动对人类所产生的积极效果。故E选项“In people, too, exercise improves our moods and tends to sharpen our abilities to reason and remember.(对人类来说，锻炼也能改善我们的情绪，并倾向于提高我们的推理和记忆能力)”承接前文，符合语境。故选E。 48．根据前文“According to that idea, moving makes people happier, and their good cheer in turn stimulates their creativity. (根据这种观点，运动会让人更快乐，他们的快乐反过来又会刺激他们的创造力)”可知，运动激发人类的创造力是因为它调动了人们的积极情绪，即它并非直接激发创造力。A选项“In other words, exercise does not directly affect creative thinking.( 换句话说，锻炼不会直接影响创造性思维)”承接前文，符合语境。故选A。 49．根据前文的“To learn more about how being active could possibly affect creativity in the first place, researchers at the University of Graz in Austria tracked the normal activities of a group of healthy adults. (为了进一步了解运动是如何影响创造力的，奥地利格拉茨大学的研究人员追踪了一组健康成年人的正常活动)”可知，此处是科学家们对一组健康成年人展开了研究。B选项“They equipped these volunteers with activity trackers for five days.(他们为这些志愿者配备了为期五天的活动追踪器。)”中的they承接前文，指代的是前文的研究者们，volunteers指代的是前文的该组健康成年人。故选B。 50．根据前文“However, the correlations between activity, creativity and moods were slight. (然而，活跃度、创造力和情绪之间的相关性很小)”可知，创造力和情绪之间的相关性很小，F选项“This suggested that it was not improved moods, but physical activity, that had a greater influence on creativity.(这表明，对创造力有更大影响的不是心情的改善，而是身体活动)”承接前文，解释了创造力和情绪之间的相关性很小即创造力有更大影响的不是心情的改善，而是身体活动。故选F。 51．A structured Tai Chi program can help old people avoid falls. Researchers divided 59 fall-prone adults aged 78 on average into two groups. The exercise group receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs showed remarkable improvement in muscles, flexibility and balance compared with the non-exercise group. Researchers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote health. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，练习太极拳可以帮助老年人避免跌倒。在一项研究中，研究人员将平均年龄为78岁的老人分为两组，一组参加为期12周的太极拳锻炼，另一组不参加。研究结果表明，参加太极拳锻炼的那一组在肌肉、柔韧性和平衡方面有显著改善。研究人员建议老年人应该练习太极来促进健康。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Old people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved, reducing the risk of falls. ②Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in residential care. ③29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-exercise control group. ④They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved flexibility and better balance. ⑤Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion. ⑥We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care. 2.缜密构思 将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合，第5、6两个要点进行整合 3.遣词造句 ①A structured Tai Chi program can help old people avoid falls. ②Researchers divided 59 fall-prone adults aged 78 on average into two groups. ③The exercise group receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs showed remarkable improvement in muscles, flexibility and balance compared with the non-exercise group. ④Researchers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote health. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The exercise group receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs showed remarkable improvement in muscles, flexibility and balance compared with the non-exercise group. 合理运用了非谓语动词，运用现在分词receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs作定语修饰group，对原文第三段内容进行了概括。 [高分句型2] Researchers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote health. 运用一个that引导的宾语从句（that省略）对原文第四段内容进行了概括。 52．The roommates agreed to clean the dormitory every two days. 【详解】考查名词和时态。结合句意可知事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。句子主语是“室友们”，即“roommates”，是roommate的复数形式，放在句首首字母大写；“agree to do sth.”意为“同意做某事”，“agree”的过去式为“agreed”，是句子谓语；“打扫宿舍”用“clean the dormitory”，“clean”这一动词用在“agree to”后，应用原形；“每两天”用“every two days”，放在句末作时间状语。故答案为The roommates agreed to clean the dormitory every two days. 53．The word “boring” does not apply to his latest comics. 【详解】考查时态、固定短语。表示“‘乏味’这个词”用The word “boring”，作主语。“沾不上边”可以理解为“不适用”用apply to的否定形式，其中to为介词。结合句意可知，本句陈述事实用一般现在时，且主语The word “boring”为第三人称单数，可知本题助动词用does not。表示“他最新的漫画”用his latest comics，作to的宾语。故翻译为The word “boring” does not apply to his latest comics. 54．To tell the truth, despite the popularity of city wandering among young people, I still prefer sea fishing. 【详解】考查介词和时态。表示“说实话”短语为to tell the truth；表示“尽管”应用介词despite，表示“城市漫步广受年轻人欢迎”翻译为the popularity of city wandering among young people，作介词的宾语；主语为I；表示“偏爱”应用动词prefer，副词still修饰，表示“海钓”短语为sea fishing。为一般现在时。故翻译为To tell the truth, despite the popularity of city wandering among young people, I still prefer sea fishing。 55．Whether a player has excellent scoring ability matters, but the key to winning on the field lies in teamwork. 【详解】考查句子结构。本句描述一般规律，用一般现在时。表示“球员个人是否拥有出色的得分能力”用whether引导主语从句，为whether a player has excellent scoring ability，表示谓语“固然重要”用动词matter的第三人称单数形式matters；表示“场上取胜的关键在于团队合作”为the key to winning on the field lies in teamwork，主语the 可以后的to是介词，介词短语to winning on the field作后置定语，动名词winning作介词宾语，动词短语lie in“在于”是固定搭配。句首字母大写，故翻译为Whether a player has excellent scoring ability matters, but the key to winning on the field lies in teamwork。 56．Dear Student Council, I’m writing to express my thoughts on the survey regarding note-taking methods in high school classrooms. Personally, I believe that traditional paper-based note-taking still holds significant value in today’s educational landscape. While modern technology offers convenient alternatives, there are several reasons why I prefer the simplicity and effectiveness of pen and paper. Firstly, using a paper notebook allows me to actively engage with the information being presented in class. Secondly, paper notebooks provide a more organized and personalized approach to note-taking. Lastly, relying on paper notebooks eliminates the potential distractions and dependencies associated with technology. In conclusion, while modern technology has its place in education, I believe that traditional paper-based note-taking remains a tried-and-true method for many students, including myself. It promotes active learning, organization, and focus, ultimately contributing to better academic performance. Thank you for considering my perspective on this matter. Best regards, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于英文短文写作。要求考生就在课堂上更青睐使用传统纸笔记笔记还是现代高科技产品拍照记笔记写一篇短文表达自己的观点。 【详解】1.词汇积累 就个人而言：personally→ in person 重要的：significant → important 首先：firstly → first of all 依赖：rely on→ depend on 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：It promotes active learning, organization, and focus, ultimately contributing to better academic performance. 拓展句：It promotes active learning, organization, and focus, which ultimately contributes to better academic performance. 【点睛】【高分句型1】While modern technology offers convenient alternatives, there are several reasons why I prefer the simplicity and effectiveness of pen and paper.（运用了while引导的状语从句和why引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】In conclusion, while modern technology has its place in education, I believe that traditional paper-based note-taking remains a tried-and-true method for many students, including myself.（运用了while引导的状语从句和that引导的宾语从句） 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$