题型二 第二讲 无提示词类语法填空-【优化探究】2025年高考英语二轮复习高考总复习配套课件

第二讲　无提示词类语法填空 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 角度3　填连词 随堂演练 角度2　填介词 角度1　填冠词 精准补弱 角度1　填冠词 (一)不定冠词a/an 典例感悟 1.(2022·全国甲卷) friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 解析：考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词；friend的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a；位于句首，首字母要大写。故填A。 A a 2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is must to visit！ 解析：考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“必须做的事”，为可数名词。此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 an 3.(2024·河南高考适应性测试) Acupuncture, as ancient Chinese treatment, is a reflection of the rich history and significant culture of China. 解析：考查冠词。此处泛指一种古老的中国疗法，且ancient的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。 技法点拨 1.在文中第一次提到可数名词单数时，一般为泛指，用不定冠词a或an； 2.在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”时，用不定冠词a或an； 3.a一般用于发音以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an一般用于发音以元音音素开头的单数名词前(注意：并不是指以辅音字母或者元音字母开头的单词) the (二)定冠词the 典例感悟 4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Not the pandas, even though language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 解析：考查冠词。空后为可数名词单数language，因此，空处考虑使用冠词起限定作用，根据language后的used for the medical training instructions可知，此处表示特指，所以空处应该填定冠词the。 the 5.(2022·全国乙卷) May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 解析：考查冠词。句意：今年5月21日是第一个国际茶日，该节日于2019年11月27日被联合国正式命名。为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的晋商博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，用定冠词。故填the。 The 6.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. 解析：考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多外的一栋公寓楼里。“定冠词＋姓氏的单数名词＋family”表示“……一家人”。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填The。 技法点拨 1.用在上文提到的人或物前表示特指，用定冠词the； 2.当名词后有定语修饰时，多数情况下用定冠词the； 3.用在序数词或形容词最高级前或有only、very、same等词修饰的名词前； 4.用在表示朝代、年代的名词以及逢十的复数形式的数词前； 5.用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”； 6.用于世界上独一无二的事物前； 7.用于被演奏的西洋乐器前； 8.用在普通名词构成的专有名词前 the (三)固定搭配 典例感悟 7.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for first time. 解析：考查冠词。序数词表示“第几”时，其前常加定冠词。for the first time是固定搭配，意为“第一次”。 a 8.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) The meat should be fresh with touch of sweetness，and the surrounding soup hot，clear and delicious. 解析：考查冠词。a touch of“少许，微量”，是固定搭配。句意：肉应该新鲜，带着一丝甜味；汤汁要热、清澈并且美味。注意：and后面的并列分句承前省略了should be。 the 9.(2021·全国甲卷) It took us about 3 hours to go all way around the Xi'an City Wall. 解析：考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。all the way是固定搭配，意为“一路上；自始至终；完全地”。故填the。 a 10.(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷) Each volume in the set explores wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the influences they have on everyday life. 解析：考查冠词。句意：这组的每一卷都探索了各种各样的材料，解释了数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了它们对日常生活的影响。a wide range of意为“各种各样的”，且wide的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 技法点拨 1.与不定冠词a/an连用的常见短语：have a cold/fever/try/talk/rest/break、take an interest in...、take a chance、make a difference、as a result、all of a sudden、a waste of...、a variety of、as a matter of fact、in a word、in a hurry、once in a while、once upon a time、have a good time、keep an eye on... 2.与定冠词the连用的常见短语：for the first time、on the other hand、by the way、take the place of...、in the front of...、all over the world、at the end of...、the same (...) as、by the end of...、in the beginning、at the age of...、at the beginning/start of...、at the moment 角度2　填介词 (一)介词的常见用法 典例感悟 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) The Glasshouse stands a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route... 解析：考查介词。根据句意可知，该玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成就，the Glasshouse是“作为”一项成就而存在，故填介词as。 as for 2.(2024·全国甲卷) This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. 解析：考查介词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处缺少介词，应用for “(表示对象、用途等)给，对，供”。 to/with 3.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) And who do they speak English ？ 解析：考查介词。句意：他们和谁讲英语？与speak搭配的应该是介词to或with。故填to或with。 4.(2021·全国甲卷) It was built originally to protect the city the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 解析：考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in或during。 in/during 5.(2024·四川成都二诊) Tea producers in China have successfully developed six categories of tea: green, yellow, dark, white, oolong, and black teas, each its own flavor and health benefits. 解析：考查介词。句意：中国的茶叶生产商已经成功开发出六种茶：绿茶、黄茶、黑茶、白茶、乌龙茶和红茶，每种茶都有自己的风味和健康方面的益处。此处表示“具有”，故填with。 with 技法点拨 1.表示时间的in、 on和at (1)in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等； (2)on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等； (3)at表示某个时间点、时刻等。 2.表示交通方式的by和on/in (1)by后可直接跟表示交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词； (2)on/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。 3.表示“用……”的by、 in和with (1)by表示“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动词－ing形式； (2)in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前； (3)with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。 4.of表示“……的” “of＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词。 5.as表示“作为”。 6.from表示“自，从”。 7.despite/in spite of表示 “尽管”。 (二)固定搭配中的介词 典例感悟 6.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways Romeo and Juliet. 解析：考查介词。be similar to为固定搭配，意为“与……相似”；in some ways在that引导的宾语从句中作状语，把similar和to分割开来。 to 7.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) There，you'll find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled. 解析：考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的做法不同——皮厚汤少——皮是手工压制的而不是擀的。by hand为固定短语，意为“用手工”。故填by。 by 8.(2023·全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums，narrow hutong royal palaces，it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout，with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads. 解析：考查介词。句中narrow hutong royal palaces与前面的from Buddhist temples to museums为并列结构，都由from...to...(从……到……)连接，narrow前省略了from，因此空格处应填介词to。 to 9.(2023·全国甲卷) She warns of the environmental dangers facing society，and she teaches that people must take responsibility saving their environment. 解析：考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起拯救环境的责任。take responsibility for“对……负责”，是固定短语。 for 10.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Giant pandas also serve an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 解析：考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着伞护种的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。serve as为固定短语，意为“充当/担任……”。故填as。 as 11.(2024·吉林延边一模) Most farmers welcome snow because snow can protect crops cold fronts and keep the fields warm. 解析：句意：大多数农民都欢迎下雪，因为雪可以保护庄稼免受冷锋的侵袭，给田地保暖。protect sth.from...意为“保护某物免受……”。 from 技法点拨 1.“介词＋n.”搭配 at ease、at peace、at random、at risk、beyond description、beyond/without doubt、by accident、by design、by hand、by mistake、by no means、in trouble、in advance、in brief、in common、in danger、in debt、in demand、in detail、in low spirits、in doubt、in order、in person、in public、in total、in honour of、in search of、in vain、in turn、in return、on board、for free、on average等 2.“v.＋介词”搭配 remind sb.of sth.、rob sb.of sth.、protect sth.from sth.、date from、exchange...for...、run out of、account for、agree with、result from、result in、fill in、run into、call on、speak of、congratulate on、reflect on、insist on、amount to、stick to、deal with、share with等 3.“adj.＋介词”搭配 be curious about、be proud of、be rich in、be short of、be keen on、be content with、be crowded with、be hungry for、be free of、be sick of、be tired of、be equal to、be similar to等 角度3　填连词 　填连词 对连词的考查涉及并列句、名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句等，是高考语法填空的重点和难点，也是考生的易错点。做题时要认真分析句子成分，如果发现两个句子之间存在并列、转折、选择或者因果关系，则要填并列连词；如果空处引导从句，则首先要判断它引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据连词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个。 考点一　并列连词 典例感悟 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language see how Tang's play was being performed. 解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，hear the Chinese language和see how Tang's play was being performed是并列关系，故此处应用and连接。 and 2.(2024·浙江1月卷) Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh. 解析：考查连词。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，应用连词or。 or but/yet 3.(2023·全国乙卷) It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 解析：考查连词。句意：这是一种鲜明的视觉对比，本来是行不通的，但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。设空处前后为转折关系，故填but或yet。 技法点拨 1.关系分析法 (1)表示并列或递进关系的有and、both...and...、not only...but (also)...等； (2)表示选择关系的有or、either...or...、not...but...等； (3)表示转折或对比关系的有but、while等； (4)表示因果关系的有so、for等 典例感悟 4.Weak and dizzy, I was about to fall to the ground someone took hold of me. 解析：考查连词。“be about to do...when...”为固定句型，意为“正要做……这时……”。 when and 5.Still, eat well and enjoy yourself every day in life, you will get a worthwhile reward. 解析：考查连词。此处为固定句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，再结合句意可知，应用连词and。 when 6.Shi Lei was cycling to work he spotted an elderly woman fell into the icy water. 解析：考查连词。句意：石磊正骑着自行车去上班，这时他突然发现一位老太太掉进了冰冷的水里。本句为“was/were doing...when...”结构，该结构表示“正在做……这时(突然)……”，故填 when。 技法点拨 2.固定句型法 (1)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句 (2)be doing sth.when...正在做某事，这时…… had just done sth.when...刚做完某事，这时…… be about to do sth.when...刚要做某事，这时…… hardly... when...一……就…… (3)neither...nor...既不……也不…… 考点二　从句引导词   在语法填空中，从句引导词的考查涉及三大从句，即定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。了解三大从句引导词的意义和用法是解题的关键。 that/which 一、 定语从句 (一)限制性定语从句中关系代词的确定 典例感悟 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在从句中作主语的关系代词。先行词为the Silk Route，故填that或which。 that 2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫活动范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句式结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句的关系代词。先行词为species，且先行词前有all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。 who 3.(2024·江西鹰潭一模) For those want to experience the hustle and bustle of Chengdu, Chunxi Road and Taikoo Li in the city center are the top choices. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：对于那些想体验成都喧嚣的人，市中心的春熙路和太古里是首选。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词those。those(指人)作先行词时，关系代词常用who。 who/that 4.(2024·广东佛山一模) However, none of the 20，000 spectators made their way to the year's final game had to pay for their tickets, and they were welcome to enjoy the game in creative ways. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：然而，前来观看今年最后一场比赛的两万名观众中，没有人需要为门票付费，而且欢迎他们以创造性的方式欣赏比赛。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词the 20，000 spectators(指人)，故填关系代词who 或that。 that/which 5.(2023·全国乙卷) But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast－paced development of modern life. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：除了它的全部古建筑，北京也是一个接纳现代生活快节奏发展的地方。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为地点名词place，但从句中缺少主语，故填that或which。 3.先行词前有so、such、the same、as等修饰时，作主语/宾语的关系代词用as； 4.定语从句不用that 引导的两种常见的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中；(2)关系代词前有介词时； 5.先行词指物时，定语从句用that 而不用 which 的情况：(1)先行词为 all、anything、everything、few、little、much 等不定代词或被 all、 any、few、little、no 等词修饰时；(2)先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时；(3)先行词既有人又有物时；(4)先行词被 the only、the very 修饰时 (二)限制性定语从句中关系副词的确定 典例感悟 6.(2023·全国甲卷) There was once a town in the heart of America all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co－existence with its surroundings. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在美国的中心地带曾经有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都享受着与周围环境的和平共处。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 where when 7.(2024·湖南衡阳一模) The earliest batch of tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming, which is observed in early April the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases. 解析：考查定语从句。句意：最早的一批茶叶通常在清明之前就可以采摘，清明在气温开始上升、降雨量增加的四月初。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，先行词early April表示时间，故填关系副词when。 which 8.(2024·山东济宁三模) China has many museums in the collections of cultural relics are beyond count. 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为museums，指物，关系词作介词in的宾语，应填which。 技法点拨 1.先行词指时间，作状语的关系词用when 2.先行词指地点，作状语的关系词用where 3.先行词指原因，作状语的关系词用why 注意：①表示抽象地点的名词有point、stage、position、situation、case、activity、career、job等；表示抽象时间的名词有occasion、period、age等。以上词汇在从句中作状语时，用关系副词，但作主语或宾语时，则用关系代词； ②“介词＋关系代词”结构相当于关系副词，先行词指物时介词后的关系词用which，指人时则用whom；根据“一先二动三句意”原则来确定介词，即根据先行词的固定搭配，从句中谓语动词的固定搭配或句意的要求来确定介词； ③way作先行词且从句成分完整时，用that或in which引导定语从句，也可省略关系词 who (三)非限制性定语从句中关系词的确定 典例感悟 9.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford－upon－Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所在的从句是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代先行词Tang Xianzu，故填关系代词who。 which 10.(2024·全国甲卷) Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell－Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是Wrangell－Saint Elias，应用which。 as 11.(2023·全国甲卷) Yet，the form of the fable still has values today, Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：然而，正如Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中所说的那样，这种寓言形式在今天仍然有价值。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”。故填as。 whose 12.(2024·河南郑州三模) Toh's love for the Chinese bamboo flute started in elementary school, clear sound guided him onto the road of flute learning. 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Chinese bamboo flute，且在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。 技法点拨 1.从句不用that引导；先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作主语时，可用关系词who；在从句中作宾语时，可以用whom或who 2.先行词指物且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词which 3.先行词指人或物且所填关系词在从句中作定语时，可以用关系词whose 4.先行词是表示时间或地点的名词且所填关系词在从句中作状语时，可以用关系副词when或where 5.先行词为整个主句时用which或as引导从句，两者的区别为： (1)位置上：which引导的从句位于主句后；as引导的从句可以位于主句前、后或主句中； (2)意义上：which 意为“这”，as意为“正如，就像”； (3)结构上：as常用于固定结构(如as is known to all众所周知，as is often the case 情况经常如此，as is mentioned above如上所述) whether/if 二、 名词性从句 (一)that和whether/if 典例感悟 1.(2022·浙江1月卷) Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she could do so remotely... 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：就Cobb而言，她开始询问邀请她演讲的会议组织者她是否可以远程演讲。分析句子结构可知，“she could do so remotely”为宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整， whether/if “是否”符合语境。故填whether或if。 that 2.(2024·安徽重点中学联考) The main feature of the weather of the Grain Rain is it is rainy, and the rainfall increases after the Grain Rain solar term. 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：谷雨天气的主要特征是多雨，谷雨节气过后雨量增加。be动词后的从句为表语从句，从句的句意和结构均完整，应用that引导。 技法点拨 分析句子结构，当从句不缺少任何成分时，若待填的连接词也没有任何意思，要考虑连接词that；若表示“是否”的意思，一般考虑连接词whether或if what (二)连接代词 典例感悟 3.(2024·全国甲卷) On a cool，starry night in mid－September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in is now northwestern Wyoming. 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作主语，应用what。 what 4.(2024·浙江1月卷) If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that's they'll promote. 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，表语从句中缺少宾语，且指事物，应用连接代词what。 5.(2024·江苏三校调研) Since the Ming Dynasty, Yingge Dance has been regarded as the symbol of good fortune, and people believe that gets into the Yingge Dance troupe(表演团) this year will be successful and everything will go well. 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，“ gets into the Yingge Dance troupe this year”在that引导的宾语从句中作主语，是主语从句，空处在主语从句中作主语，且此处表示“任何今年入选英歌舞团的人”，故用whoever。 whoever 技法点拨 分析句子结构，若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语，要用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whose、whatever等 (三)连接副词 典例感悟 6.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is they need an English trainer. 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语老师的原因。此处考查固定句型“This is why...”，所以空处需要填why。 why how 7.(2024·广东广州一模) The fact that skywells still exist today shows clever ancient builders were in using nature's elements to create energy－sufficient and sustainable living spaces. 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：天井今天仍然存在，这表明了古代的建筑者是多么聪明，他们利用自然的元素来创造能源充足和可持续的生活空间。设空处引导shows后的宾语从句，表示“多么”，故填 how。 when 8.(2024·辽宁大连二模) She has been working hard at her art since the age of two; that was Wang Shiqiang first became aware of his daughter's interest in painting. 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，应用when。 技法点拨 分析句子结构，若从句缺少状语，要用连接副词where(表示地点)、when(表示时间)、how(表示方式或程度)、why(表示原因)等 (四)it作形式主语和形式宾语 典例感悟 9.(2024·山东省实验中学二模) Besides, almost every country has made a must that students learn English in colleges. 解析：考查形式宾语。句意：此外，几乎每个国家都规定学生们必须在大学学习英语。分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语，a must为宾语补足语，再结合句意可知，此处应用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面that引导的宾语从句。 it It 10.(2024·河南周口一模)“ is believed that it belongs to the late Yangshao Culture period，” said Li Shiwei from Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, who is in charge of the excavation (发掘) site. 解析：考查形式主语。此处为固定句型“It is believed that...”，其中it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填It。 技法点拨 在名词性从句中有时用it作形式主语或形式宾语 三、 状语从句 (一)句意法 典例感悟 1.(2024·江苏镇江适应性练习)“Then, the paper is heated in a kiln (窑) for several days it turns into ashes，”explained Chen. until/till 解析：考查连词。句意：陈解释说：“然后，将纸在窑中加热几天，直到它变成灰烬。”设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“直到”，且设空处位于句中，故填until或till。 2.(2024·广西南宁一模) The late Mei Lanfang (1894－1961) now, is once again able to “appear ”in front of audiences thanks to digital technology. Dong got very excited and emotional she saw that Master Mei was “really talking” on stage. 解析：考查连词。句意：已故的梅兰芳(1894－1961)如今凭借数字技术再次出现在观众面前。当董看到梅大师站在舞台上“真的在说话”时，她非常激动。设空处引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，且主句动作与从句动作同时发生，故填when或as。 when/as 3.(2024·安徽皖江名校联盟最后一卷) historic and natural wonders are still the priorities, Chinese tourists now prefer a more rural experience. 解析：考查连词。根据句中的“Chinese tourists now prefer a more rural experience”可知，逗号前的内容为让步状语从句，空处表示“尽管”，应填Though或Although或While。 Though/Although/While 技法点拨 根据句意确定是什么状语从句，进而确定连接词，常见的状语从句的连接词有： 1.时间状语从句：while、when、as、since、before、after、until 2.条件状语从句：if、unless、once 3.让步状语从句：though、although、while、as 4.地点状语从句：where 5.原因状语从句：because、since、as (二)固定句式法 典例感悟 4.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) To eat one，you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)， to put the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting the hot soup explode on your tongue (舌头). 解析：考查连词。whether...or... “是……还是……”是固定搭配。句意：要吃一个小笼包，你必须决定是先把小笼包咬个小口，把热气释放出来，并冒着汤汁溢出来的风险，还是把整个包子塞进嘴里，让热汤在你的舌头上爆开。 or until 5.(2021·全国乙卷) It was not widely accepted as a travel concept the late 1980s. 解析：考查连词。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期，它才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。表示“直到……才……”用固定句型“not...until...”。故填until。 so 6.On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. 解析：考查连词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不禁想还要多久才能到达那里。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此句含“so...that...”引导的结果状语从句，so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”。故填so。 技法点拨 根据固定句型来确定连接词，常见的固定句型有： 1.so/such...that...如此……以至于…… 2.not...until...直到……才…… 3.It will/won't be＋一段时间＋before...过了多长时间才/没过多长时间就…… 4.It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...自……以来已经多长时间了 5.whether...or (not)...无论……还是…… 6.no sooner ...than... ＝hardly...when... 一……就…… 随堂演练 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四川省自贡灯展的相关情况，除了优雅的工艺外，自贡灯展还采用了3D打印和人工智能等现代技术，以使灯笼更漂亮、更生动。 (2024·辽宁沈阳二模) The lantern fair in Zigong, China's Sichuan Province, boasts a history of more than 1，000 years. 1. (mark) the Year of the Loong, many of the lanterns show the Chinese sign of the zodiac (生肖), but there are also 2. wide variety of other lantern designs to meet different needs. Visitors 3. prefer traditional lanterns can find lanterns with flowers and birds, and legendary figures, while lanterns with modern patterns such as cultural 4. (trend) and online games are gaining popularity among young people. 1．解析：考查非谓语动词 。句意：为了纪念龙年，许多灯笼都展示了中国的这一生肖，但也有各种各样的其他灯笼设计来满足不同的需求。根据句意可知，本空应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填To mark。 答案：To mark 2．解析：考查冠词。 a wide variety of意为“各种各样的”，是固定短语，故填a。 答案：a 3．解析：考查定语从句。 本句中visitors是主语，can find是谓语动词，该空引导定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，且在从句中作主语，指人，故填who或that。 答案：who/that 4．解析：考查名词单复数。句意：更喜欢传统灯笼的游客可以找到有花鸟和传奇人物的灯笼，而具有现代图案的灯笼，如文化趋势和网络游戏，在年轻人中越来越受欢迎。trend在此处表示“趋势”，是可数名词，根据语境和空后的games可知，此处应用复数形式。故填trends。 答案：trends In addition to the 5. (elegance) craftsmanship, modern technologies such as 3D printing and artificial intelligence have also been used to make the lanterns 6. (nice) and more vivid. The lantern show is also accepting the concept of environmental protection. A set of lanterns 7. (feature) the famous Chinese statue “Bronze Galloping Horse Treading on a Flying Swallow” from the Eastern Han Dynasty was created by using different kinds of waste materials, including tires and plastics, to form its outside decorations. 5．解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词craftsmanship“手艺，技艺”用形容词，故填elegant“漂亮雅致的”。 答案：elegant 6．解析：考查形容词比较级。根据and后面的more vivid可知，本空填形容词比较级nicer。 答案：nicer 7．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一套以东汉著名的中国雕像“马踏飞燕”为特色的灯笼是用轮胎和塑料等不同的废料来制成其外部装饰的。本句中was created是谓语动词，本空应用非谓语形式。主语lanterns和动词 feature“以……为特色”是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填featuring。 答案：featuring This year's show will not come to an end 8. July 31. The sets of lanterns 9. (update) to keep up with other traditional Chinese festivals, such as the Dragon Boat Festival. Visitors can also enjoy folk arts and Chinese music performances during 10. (they) lantern－viewing tours. 8．解析：考查介词。句意：今年的灯展直到7月31日才结束。not... until...“直到……才……”，为固定短语，故填until。 答案：until 9．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：这些灯笼将进行更新，以跟上其他中国传统节日的步伐，如端午节。分析句子结构可知，该空为谓语动词；根据语境和前面的will not come可知，本空也用一般将来时；主语lanterns和动词update之间是动宾关系。故填will be updated。 答案：will be updated 10．解析：考查代词。lantern－viewing tours“赏灯之旅”，前面用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填their。 答案：their B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了绒花的起源、文化意义、传承和发展等。 (2024·贵州贵阳二模) When Zhao Shuxian started working at an art and craft factory in 1973, the 19－year－old was given the job of 1. (master) the time－honored craft of making “velvet” flowers from silk. His goal was to be promoted to the designer's workshop 2. he would be able to make whatever he wanted, and earn a 3. (good) living. Today, Zhao is recognized as one of the few seasoned 4. (make) of this ornament (装饰). 1．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：1973年，赵树宪开始在一家工艺品厂工作，当时19岁的他接到了学会用丝绸制作绒花这一古老工艺的任务。介词of 后面应用动名词形式作宾语，故填mastering。the job of doing sth.“做……的任务”。 答案：mastering 2．解析：考查定语从句。句意：他的目标是晋升到设计师的工作坊，在那里他可以制作任何他想要的东西。本句中was是主句的谓语动词，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词workshop“作坊”，表示地点，空后的句子成分完整，故用where引导。 答案：where 3．解析：考查形容词比较级。此处指与当时的生活相比较，故用比较级形式，应填better。 答案：better 4．解析：考查名词。句意：如今，赵树宪被公认为这种装饰的为数不多的经验丰富的制作者之一。“one of ＋名词复数”结构表示“……之一”。句子主语是Zhao，再由空后的of this ornament可知，赵是这种装饰的“制作者”之一，故填名词maker的复数形式makers。 答案：makers The practice of wearing velvet flowers 5. (believe) to date back to the Tang Dynasty. They were sent to palaces during the reign of Wu Zetian, 6. they became a popular hair embellishment (点缀) for women serving at the court. 5．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：佩戴绒花的做法被认为可以追溯到唐代。首先注意本句的主语是the practice，而不是flowers，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；主语the practice和believe之间是动宾关系，同时此处表示的是一般事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is believed。 答案：is believed 6．解析：考查连词。句意：它们在武则天统治时期被送往宫殿，然后成了宫廷女性的流行发饰。空处前后两句均成分完整，句子之间是顺承关系，故用and连接。 答案：and “It was common for court ladies 7. (decorate) their hair with flowers，” Zhao says. “But fresh flowers are not available all year around, so 8. (gradual) fabric flowers became a substitute.” Velvet flowers are called ronghua in Mandarin, a homophone for the characters meaning “prosperity”. Wearing them as 9. blessing became popular at wedding ceremonies, Lunar New Year, and the Mid－Autumn Festival. Today, Zhao's customers, who come from all over the world, wear his flowers both as an everyday item and 10. special occasions. 7．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：宫廷女性用鲜花装饰头发是很常见的。此处是“It be＋形容词＋for sb.to do sth.”结构，表示“对于某人来说，做某事是……的”，不定式作真正的主语，故填to decorate。 答案：to decorate 8．解析：考查词性转换。句意：但是鲜花不是一年四季都有的，所以渐渐地，织物花就成了替代品。空处修饰整个句子，在句中作状语，应用副词，故填gradually“逐渐地”。 答案：gradually 9．解析：考查冠词。句意：在婚礼、农历新年和中秋节上，佩戴它们作为祝福变得流行起来。本句中blessing“祝福”是可数名词，其发音以辅音音素开头，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a来修饰。 答案：a 10．解析：考查介词。句意：如今，赵树宪的顾客来自世界各地，他们把他(制作)的花作为日常用品来戴，也会在特殊场合佩戴。on special occasions“在特殊的场合”为固定搭配，故填介词on。 答案：on 精准补弱 补弱练23　语法填空(1) A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。通过丝绸之路传播的中国皮影戏促成了土耳其皮影戏卡拉格兹的形成。本文主要介绍了卡拉格兹的形成、表演方式和受欢迎原因等。 (2024·山东济南高考针对性训练) When we think of the Silk Road, the first thing that appears in people's minds is trade. However, trade isn't just limited to goods 1. includes culture. 1．解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前的is与空后的includes并列，同作谓语，因此，空处需要用到连词。not just...but...表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 答案：but Since ancient times, strong connections between Chinese and the Turkish people 2. (build) by cultural exchange along the Silk Road. Some historians believe Karagoz, traditional Turkish shadow puppetry (皮影戏), drew 3. (inspire) from Chinese shadow puppetry art. Karagoz originally 4. (find) its place in Bursa, a city in northwestern Türkiye, and it first rose to popularity in the 16th century. 2．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，build是本句唯一的动词，在句中作谓语。结合时间状语“Since ancient times”可知，本句时态用现在完成时；主语connections与build之间为动宾关系，且主语为复数。故填have been built。 答案：have been built 3．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词drew的宾语，需要用名词，inspire的名词形式是inspiration，意为“灵感”时为不可数名词，所以填inspiration。句意：一些历史学家认为，土耳其传统的皮影戏卡拉格兹从中国的皮影戏艺术中汲取了灵感。 答案：inspiration 4．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，find作句子的谓语。根据语境尤其是“originally”可知，此处描述发生在过去的动作，时态需要用一般过去时；主语Karagoz与find之间为主谓关系。故填found。 答案：found Karagoz is a dramatic form of storytelling 5. shadows are projected onto a white screen, with a multitasking performer 6. (sing) the tunes and words of the story and the lead puppeteer controlling the movement of the puppets. The performances 7. (main) center around social events and public criticism, whose primary objective is 8. (educate) people via entertainment. 5．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空前空后为两组完整的主谓结构，空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语。故填关系副词where。 答案：where 6．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的with，with后面的a multitasking performer和空处的提示词动词sing可知，此处构成了with复合结构，a multitasking performer和sing之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。故填singing。空后的controlling也是提示。 答案：singing 7．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词短语center around，需要用副词。故填mainly。 答案：mainly 8．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的表语，结合主语objective可知，表语需要用不定式，表示目的。故填to educate。句意：表演主要把社会活动和公众批评当作中心，其主要目标是通过娱乐来教育人们。 答案：to educate The tradition's popularity in Türkiye is credited 9. people's sense of nostalgia (怀旧). Historically, Karagoz performances served as 10. educational tool for people of all classes. As society progresses, there is often a tendency to reconnect the past. 9．解析：考查介词。此处考查固定表达be credited to，意为“归功于……”。故填to。句意：这一传统在土耳其的流行归功于人们的怀旧情怀。 答案：to 10．解析：考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词词组serve as，空后是“形容词＋可数名词单数”结构，因此空处需要填冠词。结合句意“在历史上，卡拉格兹表演充当对所有阶层的人的一个教育工具”可知，此处表示泛指；且educational的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 答案：an B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《论语》的核心理念。 (2024·福建高三质量检测一)The Analects of Confucius or The Analects (《论语》) is a collection of the sayings and teachings of Confucius and his disciples (追随者).It 1. (edit) in the early Warring States Period，from the notes that his disciples took according to the answers 2. their questions. 1．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它编纂于战国初期，是孔子的弟子根据他们的问答记录的笔记汇编而成的。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语，主语it指代上文提到的The Analects of Confucius or The Analects，为单数概念，与谓语动词edit之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was edited。 答案：was edited 2．解析：考查介词。句意见上一题解析。answer to...意为“……的答案”，是固定用法。故填to。 答案：to Today's The Analects is based on the Lu version compiled during the Han Dynasty and embodies 3. Confucian concept of ren or humanity or benevolence.Ren is rich in content，and varied in form. 3．解析：考查冠词。句意：如今的《论语》是以汉代编纂的鲁本为基础，体现了儒家的“仁”的思想。设空处修饰Confucian concept，表示特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。 答案：the The core of the concept is “The benevolent love of others” or universal love，4. is the basic virtue of a gentleman of noble character. Confucius believed that being benevolent does not mean 5. (be) without principles. One should be clear about what 6. (love) or hate.Ren comes from learning and self－cultivation：It can be seen from a person's appearance. To be sure, li or rites and yue or music are important. 7. ， ren is the No.1 principle of being a decent man. It is 8. (actual) the essence of li and yue. Without ren, li or yue would be 9. (meaning). 4．解析：考查定语从句。句意：这一理念的核心是“仁者爱人”或“博爱”，这是品格高尚的君子的基本美德。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代“The benevolent love of others” or universal love，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 答案：which 5．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：孔子认为，“仁”不等于没有原则。根据句意可知，此处表示“意味着”，mean doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“意味着做某事”。故填being。 答案：being 6．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一个人应该清楚地知道爱什么或恨什么。根据or后的动词原形hate可知，此处为“疑问词＋不定式”作介词about的宾语。故填to love。 答案：to love 7．解析：考查副词。句意：然而，“仁”是做一个正派的人的第一原则。根据句意可知，此处与上文之间为转折关系，且有逗号隔开，应用副词however；此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填However。 答案：However 8．解析：考查词性转换。句意：它事实上是“礼”和“乐”的本质。设空处修饰系动词is，应用副词。故填actually。 答案：actually 9．解析：考查词性转换。句意：没有“仁”，“礼”或“乐”就没有意义了。设空处作表语，应用形容词；根据句意可知，此处表示“无意义的”。故填meaningless。 答案：meaningless Apart from ren, Confucius put forward another concept, which is yi or righteousness. Yi is the code of conduct under the 10. (guide) of ren.“The virtuous man cherishes a respect for the law，while the vile (邪恶的) man cherishes generous treatment.” 10．解析：考查词性转换。句意：“义”是“仁”指导下的行为准则。根据空前的the和空后的of可知，设空处应用名词，under the guidance of为固定搭配，意为“在……的指导下”。故填guidance。 答案：guidance C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安徽美食的一些历史、特色等。 (2024·安徽“皖南八校”联考二)Anhui Province, an ancient and beautiful region, began to prosper during the Tang and Song dynasties. In the times 1. the Grand Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage site, directly connected Beijing in the north and Hangzhou in the south, Anhui traders 2. (fan) out across China. That's why Anhui food is now among China's eight great cuisines. 1．解析：考查定语从句。句意：大运河是一处联合国教科文组织世界遗产，在它直接连接北方的北京和南方的杭州的时代，安徽商人在中国各地分散开来。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the times，在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。 答案：when 2．解析：考查动词的时态。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处作句子的谓语，根据“In the times...”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填fanned。 答案：fanned Anhui cuisine offers plenty of other options and many dishes have interesting stories, for example，chouguiyu. It is said that a certain businessman had made 3. fortune in Hangzhou, where he had first tasted a kind of fish that was sweet，fresh and had few tiny bones.He 4. (immediate) thought of his elderly parents. He bought some for them.However, the long journey took its toll (损坏) on the fish and when he finally reached home，they were all 5. (smell). His mother, an economical woman, decided to cook the fish nevertheless. To everyone's surprise, the fish smelled bad 6. tasted very good. These days，Anhui 7. (chef) deliberately allow the fish to reach certain ripeness before cooking it. 3．解析：考查冠词。句意：据说某个商人在杭州发了财，在那里他第一次尝到了一种又甜又鲜且骨头很少很细的鱼。固定搭配make a fortune意为“发财”。故填a。 答案：a 4．解析：考查词性转换。句意：他马上想到了他年迈的父母。设空处修饰动词短语thought of，应用副词。故填immediately。 答案：immediately 5．解析：考查词性转换。句意：然而，长途旅行导致鱼都变质了，当他最终回到家时，鱼全都臭了。分析句子结构可知，设空处作第二个分句的表语，应用形容词smelly，意为“有臭味的”。故填smelly。 答案：smelly 6．解析：考查连词。句意：出乎所有人的意料，这条鱼闻起来很臭，味道却很好。根据语境可知，“闻起来很臭”与“味道很好”之间为转折关系，应用表示转折的连词but或yet。故填but/yet。 答案：but/yet 7．解析：考查名词单复数。句意：如今，安徽厨师刻意让鱼达到一定的难闻度，然后再烹饪。分析句子结构可知，设空处作主语，应用名词，根据谓语动词allow及语境可知，设空处应用复数形式，且chef为可数名词。故填chefs。 答案：chefs Anhui cuisine 8. (characterize) by its heavy use of oil，deeply flavored sauces, and superior stock. Its chefs specialize 9. ingredients available locally, such as fish，pigeons and bamboo shoots.Anhui folk also like to salt the ham, which goes into the pot with chicken and duck to produce very deeply flavored soups. A popular dish is salted meat on a bed of bamboo shoots 10. (steam) on a wooden cutting board. Unlike some other regional cuisines, this is one cooking style that is very heavy on animal protein and relatively light on the greens. 8．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：安徽菜的特点是使用大量的油、风味浓郁的酱汁以及优质的高汤。分析句子结构可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词，此处叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时；characterize和主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语Anhui cuisine为单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。故填is characterized。 答案：is characterized 9．解析：考查介词。句意：它的厨师专门研究当地可用的材料，如鱼、鸽子、竹笋等。specialize in意为“专门研究，专攻”，为固定搭配。故填in。 答案：in 10．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一道很受欢迎的菜就是将咸肉铺在竹笋上，然后将其放到木制砧板上蒸。分析句子结构可知，句中已有系动词is，且与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词；steam和其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，应用过去分词在句中作后置定语。故填steamed。 答案：steamed D [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统小吃——糖葫芦。 (2024·江苏南通高三调研测试一)Tanghulu (also known as bingtang hulu) is a traditional Chinese snack consisting of hardened sugar－coated fruits on a stick. 1. (typical), tanghulu is made of hawthorns that are rich 2. vitamin C. In recent times，tanghulu makers 3. (add) variety to this traditional snack by using other fruits such as cherries, strawberries，pineapples or grapes. 1．解析：考查词性转换。句意：通常，糖葫芦是由富含维生素C的山楂制成的。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰句子，应用副词typically作状语，意为“一般，通常”。故填Typically。 答案：Typically 2．解析：考查介词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定搭配be rich in，意为“富含”。故填in。 答案：in 3．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，糖葫芦制造者通过使用例如樱桃、草莓、菠萝或葡萄等其他水果为这一传统小吃增添了多样性。分析句子结构可知，设空处作句子的谓语。根据时间状语in recent times可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语tanghulu makers是复数，谓语应用复数形式。故填have added。 答案：have added Tanghulu can taste sweet or sour，depending on your fruit.Traditional tanghulu using hawthorn berries is said to taste like a 4. (combine) of both. You can，of course, make your own tanghulu using any fruit you desire. 4．解析：考查词性转换。句意：据说，用山楂制作的传统糖葫芦尝起来像是两种风味的融合。根据下文的both可知，此处是指两者的“结合体”，应用名词combination；根据空前的a可知，设空处应用单数形式。故填combination。 答案：combination Tanghulu is easier 5. (make)at home than you might think.The trick is to use the correct ratio (比例) of water to sugar and boil the mixture of sugar and water 6. its temperature reaches 150℃. Then quickly dip your fruit skewer (扦子) into the sugar mixture.This will result in fruit being coated in a thin layer of hard candy that cracks when the fruit 7. (bite) into. 5．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在家里制作糖葫芦比你想象的要更容易。根据空前的形容词easier可知，此处用动词不定式与形容词easy构成固定搭配be easy to do sth.，意为“做某事很容易”。故填to make。 答案：to make 6．解析：考查连词。句意：诀窍是使用正确的水与糖的比例，将糖水混合物煮沸，直到温度达到150℃。根据下文的reaches 150℃可知，此处指“直到温度达到150℃”，应用until或till。故填until/till。 答案：until/till 7．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这将使水果表面裹上一层薄薄的硬糖，咬下去就会破裂。分析句子结构可知，此处是状语从句的谓语， the fruit与bite之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；从句主语the fruit是单数，从句谓语也应用第三人称单数形式；再根据cracks可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填is bitten。 答案：is bitten Tanghulu is commonly eaten in winter. You can find 8. (travel) traders roaming (游荡) in the streets, selling this unique snack.If you want to try the sticky treat 9. (you), you can find tanghulu stands near most of the popular tourist attractions in China.Tanghulu isn't expensive，as a skewer costs only $1. So，what could possibly stop you from giving it 10. try? 8．解析：考查词性转换。句意：你可以看到在街上游荡的流动商贩，出售这种独特的小吃。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰名词traders应用形容词，traveling意为“流动的，巡回的”。故填traveling。 答案：traveling 9．解析：考查代词。句意：如果你/你们想亲自尝尝这种黏牙的食物，你/你们可以在中国大多数热门旅游景点附近找到糖葫芦摊位。根据句意可知，此处强调主语“亲自”，应用反身代词作同位语，指“你自己/你们自己”。故填yourself/yourselves。 答案：yourself/yourselves 10．解析：考查冠词。句意：那么，有什么能阻止你尝试一下呢？此处为固定短语give sth. a try，意为“尝试一下某物”。故填a。 答案：a 补弱练24　语法填空(2) A (2024·山西太原模拟三) As the source of all life, water plays a vital role in Chinese culture, influencing both Chinese civilization and philosophy. Many Chinese legends reflect the 1. (admire) for water and the spirit of bravely fighting natural disasters caused by water. Yu, the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty, 2. (successful) controlled the floods by digging waterways so that the floodwater could flow into the sea smoothly. The Dujiangyan Irrigation System in Sichuan, first 3. (construct) in 256 BCE, took advantage of the local natural features without 4. (damage) the environment. Additionally, water 5. (give) philosophical meanings to help nurture Chinese people and govern the country, inspiring the ancient rulers 6. (respect) the will of people and follow the laws of nature. Confucius believed water had diverse 7. (virtue) including justice, courage and righteousness, so 8. was suggested that people should learn from water and cultivate their sense of morality. Laozi gave birth to the idea of overcoming hardness with softness and non－action. Xunzi compared a ruler and his people 9. a boat and water to show the importance of the people in society. Water, being an essential element in daily life, is a symbol in Chinese culture, 10. flows through Chinese civilization. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。水作为所有生命的源泉，在中国文化中起着至关重要的作用，影响着中国人的文明和哲学。文章讲述了中国文化中的治水和与水相关的哲学思想。 1．解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的the和空后的and the spirit of可知，此处应填名词。故填admiration。句意：中国很多传说反映了人们对水的钦佩和勇敢地与由水造成的自然灾害作斗争的精神。 答案：admiration 2．解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰动词controlled，应用副词。故填successfully。 答案：successfully 3．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，谓语部分是took advantage of，此空考查非谓语结构。construct与句子主语Dujiangyan Irrigation System之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词。故填constructed。句意：建造于公元前256年，四川省的都江堰充分利用当地的自然特征，没有破坏环境。 答案：constructed 4．解析：考查非谓语动词。without是介词，其后应用动名词。故填damaging。 答案：damaging 5．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述水在古代被赋予的哲学意义，故应用一般过去时；主语是water，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；主语和give之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态。故填was given。句意：水被赋予了哲学意义，有助于滋养中国人民和管理国家，激励古代统治者尊重人民的意志，遵守自然法则。 答案：was given 6．解析：考查固定短语。inspire sb.to do sth.是固定短语，意为“激励某人做某事”。故填to respect。 答案：to respect 7．解析：考查名词单复数。根据所列举的“justice”“courage”和“righteousness”可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式。另外diverse意为“多种多样的”，其后应跟可数名词的复数形式。故填virtues。 答案：virtues 8．解析：考查主语从句。为了避免头重脚轻，形式主语it代替真正的主语。句意：有人建议，人们应该向水学习，培养自己的道德意识。 答案：it 9．解析：考查介词。compare ... to ...是固定短语，意为“将……比作……”。句意：荀子把统治者和他的子民比作水和舟的关系以证明社会中的人们的重要性。 答案：to 10．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句。从句中缺少主语，前有逗号，故应用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 答案：which B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古老的灌溉系统——都江堰。 (2024·福建七市质量检测一)Dujiangyan is an ancient irrigation system, 1. (locate) in the Min River Valley, Sichuan Province，China.It 2. (build) by a governor named Li Bing and his son, who have been admired by Chinese for over 2，000 years. 1．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：都江堰是一个古老的灌溉系统，位于中国四川省岷江流域。分析句子结构可知，句子已有系动词is，且与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词；locate与主语Dujiangyan之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用过去分词形式。故填located。 答案：located 2．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它是由一位名叫李冰的太守和他的儿子建造的。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，主语it(即 Dujiangyan)与build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语it为单数，谓语也应用第三人称单数形式。故填was built。 答案：was built The system consists of three main 3. (part): the Yuzui (Fish Mouth)，the Feishayan (Flying Sand Weir), and the Baopingkou (Bottle－Neck Channel). The Yuzui redirects water away from the city of Chengdu while allowing sand and mud 4. (flow) through the main channel，preventing flooding. The Feishayan controls the flow of water and helps prevent gradual destruction，while the Baopingkou distributes the water 5. farmland. 3．解析：考查名词单复数。句意：该系统由三个主要部分组成：鱼嘴、飞沙堰和宝瓶口。根据空前的three可知，设空处应用复数形式。故填parts。 答案：parts 4．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：鱼嘴将水从成都市分流出去，同时允许泥沙流经主河道，防止洪水泛滥。固定搭配allow sb./sth.to do...意为“允许某人/某物做……”，此处应用不定式，作宾语补足语。故填to flow。 答案：to flow 5．解析：考查介词。句意：飞沙堰控制水流，有助于防止逐渐破坏，而宝瓶口则将水分配给农田。固定搭配distribute...to...意为“把……分配给……”。故填to。 答案：to Dujiangyan has been able to control the water flow without the use of dams or gates 6. is considered one of the greatest engineering projects in ancient China. It has also played a crucial role in irrigating the surrounding farmland，7. (make) the region one of the most fertile croplands in China. 6．解析：考查连词。句意：都江堰在不使用水坝或闸门的情况下就能控制水流，被认为是中国古代最伟大的工程项目之一。分析句子结构可知， has been able to和is considered是并列谓语动词，应用连词and连接。故填and。 答案：and 7．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它还在灌溉周围农田方面发挥了至关重要的作用，使该地区成为中国最肥沃的农田之一。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词与设空处之间无连词连接，此处应用非谓语动词；此处表示上文导致的自然而然的结果，所以应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。 答案：making In addition to its 8. (practice) uses，Dujiangyan is also a popular tourist attraction，9. visitors come to admire the ancient architecture and learn about its history. In 2000, it was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its cultural and historical 10. (significant). 8．解析：考查词性转换。句意：除了它的实际用途，都江堰还是一个受欢迎的旅游景点，游客来这里欣赏古老的建筑，了解它的历史。此处修饰名词uses，应用形容词practical作定语，意为“实际的”。故填practical。 答案：practical 9．解析：考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tourist attraction，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 答案：where 10．解析：考查词性转换。句意：在2000年，它因其文化和历史意义被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产。此处作for的宾语，应用名词significance，意为“意义”，为不可数名词。故填significance。 答案：significance C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个中国古典园林的美丽景色。 (2024·福建福州2月质量检测)You enter through a round entrance known as a moon gate. There before you, is a 1. (cover) passage made of red wood, leading you past a walled courtyard. Along the edges of the courtyard are piles of rocks, among which 2. (grow) bamboo. The whole scene is like a painting; 3. every step you take, another part of the painting is unrolled. 1．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词 covered 修饰名词passage，意为“有顶的”。故填covered。 答案：covered 2．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句的谓语动词，陈述一般性事实，时态应用一般现在时；且此处为倒装句，主语bamboo为不可数名词，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填grows。 答案：grows 3．解析：考查介词。此处指你每走一步，这幅画的另一部分就会展开，应用with作伴随状语，表示“随着”。故填with。 答案：with 4． (step) into the courtyard, you look over the scene. Latticed (格状) windows in the walls reveal yet more bamboo，suggesting that the courtyard is just one part of a 5. (large) garden. At the far end of the courtyard is a room with wooden chairs, 6. windows that create frames for the scene of 7. (strange) shaped rocks beyond them, just like Chinese ink－wash paintings. This little courtyard is 8. picture of the classic Chinese concept of peace and beauty. Yet，you are not in China, but a copy of a Chinese garden.The Astor Chinese Garden Court 9. (create) by a team of 26 Chinese craftsmen in 1981, and it represented the first permanent cultural exchange between America and China. The courtyard is a place of rest for a museum 10. (visit). As a museum piece in and of itself, the garden gives a wonderful view of ancient China. 4．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词look over，所以此处应用非谓语动词；逻辑主语you和动词step之间构成主谓关系，从谓语动词和非谓语动词发生的先后顺序上来看，step可能与look over同时发生，也可能先于look over发生，故此处可用现在分词形式，也可用现在分词的完成式。故填Stepping/Having stepped。注意首字母大写。 答案：Stepping/Having stepped 5．解析：考查形容词的比较级。此处指墙上的格子窗露出了更多的竹子，这表明庭院只是一个更大花园的一部分。此处暗含比较含义，应用large的比较级。故填larger。 答案：larger 6．解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用连词连接wooden chairs和windows两个并列成分，表示“院子另一端的房间里有木质椅子和窗户”。故填and。 答案：and 7．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词shaped。故填strangely。 答案：strangely 8．解析：考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处泛指“一幅表达中国古典的宁静美丽理念的图画”，其前应用不定冠词；且picture是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前应用a。故填a。 答案：a 9．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构并根据空格后的by可知，此处是句子的谓语，主语The Astor Chinese Garden Court与谓语动词create之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；结合句中的时间状语in 1981可知，时态应用一般过去时；主语The Astor Chinese Garden Court是单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was created。 答案：was created 10．解析：考查名词。此处指这个庭院是博物馆游客休息的地方。根据空前的a可知，此处应用可数名词单数。故填visitor。 答案：visitor D [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统中国画的特点、表现形式和重要地位。 (2024·江苏泰州调研)The traditional Chinese painting is 1. (fundamental) an abstract art form. Objects in Chinese paintings are a less direct copy of the natural world, 2. comparison to Western paintings. Actually, the Chinese painting aims to demonstrate a 3. (harmony) relation between the natural world and human emotion. 1．解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语，修饰谓语动词is。故填fundamentally。 答案：fundamentally 2．解析：考查介词。固定短语in comparison to意为“与……相比较”。故填in。 答案：in 3．解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词relation。故填harmonious。 答案：harmonious What Chinese painters would like to produce in their paintings is not a visual effect of colors and patterns that Western painters tend 4. (achieve). The description of objects in Chinese paintings is by no means accurate because few painters 5. (concern) about their exact size or shape. What they want to seek is a spiritual world in their mind 6. nature provides exactly basic elements. This is how Chinese painters view nature. Remote mountains and running streams 7. (be) the primary materials of their thinking and creating since ancient times.Chinese artists often say that the artists first need to have a thorough and deep understanding of the natural 8. (exist) before drawing. 4．解析：考查非谓语动词。固定短语tend to do sth.意为“往往/倾向于做某事”。故填to achieve。 答案：to achieve 5．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；be concerned about意为“关心”；主语few painters是复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are concerned。 答案：are concerned 6．解析：考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是a spiritual world，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 答案：where 7．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语since ancient times可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语remote mountains and running streams为复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填 have been。 答案：have been 8．解析：考查词性转换。设空处前的natural为形容词，其后应接名词。故填existence。 答案：existence With a long history of China, generations of Chinese painters express thoughts on the material world through this unique art form and leave a valuable treasure to the Chinese. Nowadays, the Chinese painting，as 9. important part of global culture, has become increasingly attractive across the world, 10. (enjoy) great popularity at home and abroad. 9．解析：考查冠词。part意为“部分”，为可数名词。此处泛指“一个重要部分”，且important是发音以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用不定冠词an。故填an。 答案：an 10．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词。主语the Chinese painting与动词enjoy之间构成主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填enjoying。 答案：enjoying 补弱练25　语法填空(3) A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在除夕夜歌唱《友谊地久天长》的这一传统以及这首歌曲的起源、发展及寓意。 (2024·河北石家庄教学质量检测一)If New Year's Eve had an official song, it would be Auld Lang Syne.Every year, just after the clock strikes midnight，many people around the world will sing this beloved song. Why is Auld Lang Syne a New Year's tradition? From its beginning as an 18th－century Scottish poem 1. its popularity today, Auld Lang Syne always 2. (carry) the spirit of the holiday. 1．解析：考查介词。“from...to...”是固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 答案：to 2．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子谓语；根据always及语境可知，此处指一般性事实，时态应用一般现在时；主语Auld Lang Syne是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填carries。 答案：carries The song is actually a poem written by Robert Burns in 1788. Traditionally 3. (consider) Scotland's national poet, Burns raised the country's national awareness by writing it in the dying－out Scots language. In English, “auld lang syne” 4. (rough) means “times long past”．The song tells of old friends meeting after time apart. 3．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语raised，此处应用非谓语动词；动词consider与其逻辑主语Burns之间构成动宾关系，此处应用其过去分词形式。故填considered。 答案：considered 4．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词修饰动词means。roughly“大致地，粗略地”。故填roughly。 答案：roughly Although Burns' version is the only one we know today, there were also some earlier 5. (version) of the poem, 6. (include) Allan Ramsay's from 1724. Burns' version 7. (inspire) by an old man's singing. 5．解析：考查名词单复数。根据空前的some可知，此处应用可数名词version的复数形式。故填versions。 答案：versions 6．解析：考查词性转换。此处指包括1724年Allan Ramsay(创作)的那一版在内。including“包括……在内”。故填including。 答案：including 7．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子谓语；动词inspire与主语Burns' version之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；结合语境可知，此处是在描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时；主语Burns' version是第三人称单数，系动词用was。故填was inspired。 答案：was inspired Burns was not satisfied with his version of the poem's 8. (origin) tune and dismissed it. So between 1799 and 1801, George Thomson composed 9. different tune for the song. It's the one we sing today. 8．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词tune。original“原始的，最初的”。故填original。 答案：original 9．解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一种不同的曲调”，应用不定冠词，且different是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前应用a。故填a。 答案：a With its emphasis on friendship and parting，Auld Lang Syne expresses the spirit of New Year's Eve, 10. is saying goodbye to one year so that another can begin. 10．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the spirit of New Year's Eve，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。 答案：which B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南京“长干古城”的发现。 (2024·山东济宁调研)The site of Changgan ancient city, unearthed in Xijie site of east China's Nanjing City, has been confirmed to date back to 3，100 years ago，1. (extend) Nanjing's history for more than 600 years, Nanjing institute of archaeology said. 1．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，此处应填非谓语动词。主语the site of Changgan ancient city与动词extend之间是主谓关系，此处应用extend的现在分词形式。故填extending。 答案：extending The site of the ancient city, named “Changgan”， the 2. (early) known name of the city of Nanjing，features relics of a platform, ring ditches, walls, doorways and sacrificial pits. 2．解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据空格前的the和句意可知，此处应填形容词的最高级形式来修饰名词name。故填earliest。 答案：earliest During the excavations that began in 2017, archaeologists 3. (unearth) four ring ditches from the Shang and Zhou dynasties, containing collapsed rammed－earth walls，said Chen Dahai, 4. archaeologist with the institute, who was responsible for the excavation. 3．解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语during the excavations that began in 2017可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填unearthed。 答案：unearthed 4．解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一位考古学家”，且archaeologist是发音以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用an。故填an。 答案：an “We also found more evidence supporting our 5. (conclude), including a well on the side of the ditch 6. was originally constructed during the late Shang Dynasty and the unearthed pottery 7. (decorate) with triangular and ladder patterns，” Chen added. 5．解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的代词our可知，此处应用名词形式。conclusion“推论”。故填conclusion。 答案：conclusion 6．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词指物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。 答案：that/which 7．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词decorate与其逻辑主语the unearthed pottery之间构成动宾关系，应用其过去分词形式。故填decorated。 答案：decorated According to carbon－14 dating data, it is identified that the various artifacts date back to the period ranging from the late Shang Dynasty 8. the early Zhou Dynasty. 8．解析：考查固定搭配。range from...to...意为“范围从……到……”。故填to。 答案：to Up to now，the excavation area at the Xijie site has reached 9. (approximate) 12，000 square meters, with more than 500 relics of various types 10. over 10，000 specimens (样本) of archaeological importance unearthed. 9．解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰谓语动词has reached。故填approximately。 答案：approximately 10．解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前的more than 500 relics of various types和空后的over 10，000 specimens是并列关系，应用and 连接。故填and。 答案：and C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了莫高窟被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，主要介绍了它的基本情况及其修复工作的要求和原则。 (2024·湖南新高考教学教研联盟联考)It's a race against time, as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves, 1. UNESCO World Heritage Site. 1．解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一处联合国教科文组织世界遗产”，且UNESCO是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 答案：a The team 2. (devote) to protecting the 45，000 square meters of murals (壁画) and more than 2，400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site, the construction of 3. took about a thousand years, from the 4th century to the 14th century.The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over 4. (century) on the ancient Silk Road. 2．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。全文主体时态是一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时；固定搭配be devoted to 意为“致力于”；且主语the team表示单数概念，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is devoted。 答案：is devoted 3．解析：考查定语从句。此处指该遗址的735个洞穴中的4.5万平方米的壁画和2 400多尊彩塑的建造花费了大约一千年的时间。本句是定语从句，先行词指物，与the construction之间为所属关系。故填which。 答案：which 4．解析：考查名词单复数。句意：这些文物是古丝绸之路上历经数个世纪的文化交流的产物。century是可数名词，此处应用其复数形式表示泛指。故填centuries。 答案：centuries Commonly 5. (see) “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking, as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves，and the deposition of salts. To restore a mural requires an all－rounder. Restorers should know painting, master the skills of a mason (石匠) and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics, 6. (be) able to recognize the problems and their 7. (correspond) causes and deliver a solution. They must also select proper materials and tools, and conduct experiments, 8. formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward. 5．解析：考查非谓语动词。本句中已有谓语动词include，所以此处应用非谓语动词；动词see与主语diseases之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用其过去分词形式作定语。故填seen。 答案：seen 6．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：修复师应该了解绘画，掌握石匠技艺，并且了解化学和物理知识，以便能够认识到问题及其相关的原因，并提出解决办法。此处应用动词不定式短语作目的状语。故填to be。 答案：to be 7．解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词causes。 corresponding“相关的，相应的”。故填corresponding。 答案：corresponding 8．解析：考查介词。句意：他们必须在正式开始修复工作及评估(修复)效果之前，选择合适的材料和工具，进行相关实验。故填before。 答案：before The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than repainting them. When the restorers find some parts of murals missing 9. fading away, they never repaint them to create a “perfect” 10. (appear) in restoration. 9．解析：考查连词。句意：当修复师发现壁画的某些部分缺失或褪色时，他们不会为了创造一个“完美”的修复外观而对其进行重绘。此处用连词or表示选择。故填or。 答案：or 10．解析：考查词性转换。根据空格前的a “perfect”可知，此处应用appear的名词形式。故填appearance。 答案：appearance D [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物院的钟表藏品。 (2024·江苏南京学情调研)The Palace Museum's clock collection, more than 1，500 in number，is arguably one of the most breathtaking clock preservations worldwide.1. (make) between the 18th century and the 20th century, some were crafted in Britain, France and Switzerland, some were from the Clock Workshop of the Qing Palace, and others were 2. mixture of both the East and the West. 1．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词make与逻辑主语some之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用其过去分词形式作状语。故填Made。注意首字母大写。 答案：Made 2．解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“东西方的一个混合”，且mixture是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，所以其前应用不定冠词a。故填a。 答案：a The 3. (major) of British clocks feature bronze cases inlaid with splendidly colorful jewels. They are diverse 4. form, recreating all kinds of architecture and natural sights, and often include automatic 5. (decorate) such as fountains, moving figures, boats and birds. These clocks represent the highest level of craftsmanship in Britain. 3．解析：考查词性转换。 the majority of 意为“大多数……”。故填majority。 答案：majority 4．解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，它们在形式上是各种各样的。in form“在形式上”。故填in。 答案：in 5．解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语，应用名词decoration，又根据本句中的“such as fountains，moving figures，boats and birds”可知，此处应用名词复数。故填decorations。 答案：decorations Most of the French clocks here are the products of the early 20th century. Whether in terms of theme 6. decorative style, the French clocks in the collection have a style of 7. (they) own, and deserve their place in history. 6．解析：考查连词。固定句型whether...or...“不管……还是……”。故填or。 答案：or 7．解析：考查代词。own前应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 答案：their The Swiss timepieces 8. (most) comprise small, unconventionally shaped desk clocks and delicate pocket watches. They were specially made 9. (suit) the tastes of Chinese customers. 8．解析：考查词性转换。根据语境可知，瑞士钟表主要包括小巧的、非常规形状的台式钟表和精致的怀表。此处应用副词修饰动词comprise。故填mostly。 答案：mostly 9．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to suit。 答案：to suit Clocks may turn back in time，but humans may never dream of doing so. Today, the Palace Museum 10. (aim) to carry on this touching tale of “time” as guardians of this traditional craftsmanship. 10．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语today可知，此处应用一般现在时，且主语the Palace Museum表示单数概念，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。故填aims。 答案：aims 补弱练26　语法填空(4) A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国木结构建筑的特点及设计原理。 (2024·山东济南摸底考试)China has a unique and time－honored architectural tradition, dating back to the Zhou Dynasty. Since ancient times，several types of architecture have been 1. (traditional) built by the Chinese. Each of these kinds of construction has different features.   1．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰动词built。故填traditionally。 答案：traditionally The wooden architecture has distinctive features 2. changed little from the Zhou Dynasty.The buildings 3. (construct) strong enough to survive natural disasters and were easier to rebuild. A 4. (notice) feature of the wooden buildings was roofs with wide eaves (屋檐) and slightly upturned corners. The builders considered 5. important to cover wooden buildings with 6. (overhang) roofs. This was to protect the building from weathering since wood got damaged much 7. (fast) when it was wet. 2．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为features，指物，在从句中作主语，应用which或that引导该从句。故填which/that。 答案：which/that 3．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为句子的谓语，结合下文中的were easier可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时；主语the buildings与动词construct之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语为复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were constructed。 答案：were constructed 4．解析：考查词性转换。根据空格前的冠词a以及空格后的名词feature可知，此处应用形容词来修饰名词feature，表示“木制建筑的一个显著特征”。故填noticeable。 答案：noticeable 5．解析：考查代词。句意：建造者认为用悬挑屋顶覆盖木制建筑是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，此处作consider的宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式短语“to cover wooden buildings with...”，应用it作形式宾语。故填it。 答案：it 6．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处修饰名词roofs，应用overhang的非谓语动词形式；且overhang与roofs为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用其现在分词形式作定语。故填overhanging。 答案：overhanging 7．解析：考查副词的比较级。句意：这是为了保护建筑免受风化，因为木材在潮湿环境中损坏得更快。结合句意及空前的much可知，此处应用副词的比较级。故填faster。 答案：faster Another feature is the south－facing orientation (方向). When courtyards were built with taller buildings in the north 8. shorter walls facing east and west in the south，it allowed the maximum amount of sunlight 9. (warm) the building during the winter months. This was 10. the door and windows of the main building faced southwards and opened over the inner courtyard. 8．解析：考查连词。句意：当建造庭院时，会在北面建造较高的建筑，在南面建造面向东西的较短的墙壁……前后句为并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。 答案：and 9．解析：考查非谓语动词。allow sb./sth.to do sth.是固定句式，意为“允许某人/某物做某事”。故填to warm。 答案：to warm 10．解析：考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么主建筑的门窗朝南，并向内庭院开放。此处为表语从句，应用why引导。故填why。 答案：why B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国利用数字化技术保护文化遗产的成就以及这样做的意义与优势。 (2024·东北三省三校第一次联考)China is a country with a rich cultural heritage (遗产) 1. (stretch) back thousands of years. However, with the passage of time and other factors such as natural disasters and wars，many of its cultural treasures have been damaged or destroyed. In recent years, China has used technology to protect its cultural heritage through digitalization so that it can 2. (preserve) for future generations to enjoy and study. 1．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is，此处应用非谓语动词；cultural heritage与动词stretch之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填stretching。 答案：stretching 2．解析：考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，空处为目的状语从句的谓语，动词preserve与主语it之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；can为情态动词，其后接动词原形。故填be preserved。 答案：be preserved One of the most notable 3. (example) of China's digital preservation effort is the Dunhuang Mogao Cave Project, the goal of which is 4. (create) a digital profile of the Mogao Caves with the help of 3D scanning and virtual reality software. Another example is the Palace Museum Project. Through the use of technology, the Palace Museum is now able to showcase the relics to visitors from all around the world 5. risking damage to the precious artworks. 3．解析：考查名词单复数。“one of＋the＋形容词的最高级＋可数名词复数”是固定搭配，意为“最……的……之一”。故填examples。 答案：examples 4．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指其目标是借助3D扫描和虚拟现实软件创建莫高窟的数字档案。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作表语，表示目的。故填to create。 答案：to create 5．解析：考查介词。此处指通过运用技术，故宫现在可以向来自世界各地的游客展示文物，而不会有任何损坏珍贵艺术品的风险。介词without意为“没有”。故填without。 答案：without Digital technology has the potential to aid in the restoration of damaged artworks.The 3D printing technology enabled Chinese researchers to recreate the cultural relics, including 6. bronze (青铜) lion from the Qing Dynasty. 6．解析：考查冠词。此处泛指“一个青铜狮子”，且bronze是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前应用不定冠词a。故填a。 答案：a 7． (additional), China's digitalization of cultural heritage has been instrumental in research and education. The digital achievements have enabled researchers to study the artworks in greater detail 8. ever before. 7．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词additionally作状语，修饰整个句子，意为“另外，此外”。因空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Additionally。 答案：Additionally 8．解析：考查连词。根据空前的greater和空后的ever before可知，空处应用连词than，表示比较。故填than。 答案：than Digitalization has made cultural heritage more 9. (access) to the public, particularly to people living in rural areas 10. would otherwise be unable to visit these sites in person. 9．解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语补足语，应用access的形容词形式accessible，意为“可见到的，可接近的”。故填accessible。 答案：accessible 10．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导该从句。故填who/that。 答案：who/that C [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了遗忘干扰理论以及如何使其影响最小化。 (2024·浙江名校协作体2月模拟)What did you have for dinner Tuesday night of last week? If someone 1. (ask) you that question Wednesday morning, you would 2. (possible) have had no problem recalling what you had for dinner the night before.   1．解析：考查动词的时态。根据主句谓语可知，连词if引导与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句谓语动词应用had done形式。故填had asked。 答案：had asked 2．解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词。故填possibly。 答案：possibly But as days pass, the memories of all the other meals you 3. (eat) since then start to interfere (干扰) with your memory of that one particular meal.This is a good example of 4. psychologists call the interference theory of forgetting. Forgetting is the result of 5. (vary) memories interfering with one another. The more similar two or more events are 6. one another, the more likely interference will occur. 3．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语since then可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填have eaten。 答案：have eaten 4．解析：考查名词性从句。此处表示这就是心理学家称之为遗忘干扰理论的一个很好的例子。分析句子结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，所以应用what引导。故填what。 答案：what 5．解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词memories。故填varied/various。 答案：varied/various 6．解析：考查介词。be similar to是固定搭配，意为“与……相似”。故填to。 答案：to Getting rid of interference altogether is impossible, but there are a few things you can do to minimize its effects. One of the best things you can do is rehearse (排练) new information in order to better commit it to memory. In fact, many experts recommend overlearning important information, 7. involves rehearsing the material over and over again until it can be reproduced perfectly with no errors. Another strategy for fighting interference is to switch up your routine and avoid 8. (study) similar material back to back. Sleep also plays an essential role in memory 9. (form). Sleeping after you learn something new is 10. efficient way to turn new memories into lasting ones. 7．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代overlearning important information。故填which。 答案：which 8．解析：考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”。故填studying。 答案：studying 9．解析：考查词性转换。此处表示睡眠在记忆形成上也起着重要的作用。此处应用名词形式，formation“形成”，为不可数名词。故填formation。 答案：formation 10．解析：考查冠词/数词。此处可泛指“一种有效方法”，且efficient是发音以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用an；也可用数词one作定语，修饰名词way。故填an/one。 答案：an/one D [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新兴的旅行方式——城市漫步，与“特种兵式”旅游相反，它强调慢慢地步行来探索城市，发现不为人知的独特事物，相关视频在社交媒体上获得了巨大的关注。 (2024·江西南昌一模)Forget about Military－style Travel during which people tend to visit as many famous spots as possible in the 1. (little) amount of time. A more relaxed alternative, Citywalk，has emerged 2. a phenomenal hit. 1．解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：忘记“特种兵式”旅游吧，在这种旅行中，人们倾向于在最短的时间内参观尽可能多的著名景点。根据句意可知，此处指“在最短的时间内”，因此应用形容词的最高级。故填least。 答案：least 2．解析：考查介词。句意：一种更轻松的选择是城市漫步，它的出现引起了轰动。根据语境可知，此处表示“作为”。故填as。 答案：as Unlike Military－style Travel, Citywalk is about wandering around a city on foot and finding unusual things 3. even a local might not have noticed before. Citywalkers get away from hot tourist 4. (attract) and shopping centers，instead 5. (leisure) seeking interactions with the natives，authentic snacks，and a deeper appreciation for the history and culture of the city. 3．解析：考查定语从句。句意：与“特种兵式”旅游不同，城市漫步是指步行在城市中闲逛，寻找即使是当地人以前也可能没有注意到的不寻常的东西。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词unusual things，指物，故用which或that引导。故填which/that。 答案：which/that 4．解析：考查名词。句意：城市漫步者远离热门的旅游景点和购物中心，反而悠闲地寻求与当地人的互动，正宗的小吃，以及对该城市的历史和文化的更深层次的理解。分析句子结构可知，此处指“旅游景点”，attraction应用名词的复数形式。故填attractions。 答案：attractions 5．解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰动词seeking，应用副词。故填leisurely。 答案：leisurely Various videos about Citywalk 6. (post) on Chinese multiple social media platforms in recent months. On a social media platform, a search for “Citywalk” turns up over 600，000 posts and tens of millions of views. Citywalkers have shared their carefully 7. (plan) routes on social media platforms，generating thousands of followers. Their posts usually include how long the walk is going to take，and interesting places along the way. 6．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：最近几个月，中国多个社交媒体平台上发布了各种关于城市漫步的视频。分析句子结构可知，设空处为句子的谓语；根据时间状语 in recent months可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语videos为复数，且与post之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。故填have been posted。 答案：have been posted 7．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：城市漫步者在社交媒体平台上分享了他们精心策划的路线，吸引了数千名关注者。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作定语修饰routes; plan与被修饰词routes之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填planned。 答案：planned Some regions, such as Beijing, have included Citywalk in their plans 8. (promote) cultural tourism and leisure tours. While Citywalk can work as 9. approach to tourism，this trend sees Gen Z seek pleasure more through connections than consumption and 10. (imply) a deep cultural curiosity. 8．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一些地区，如北京，已经将城市漫步纳入了其推广文化旅游和休闲旅游的计划中。分析句子结构可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to promote。 答案：to promote 9．解析：考查冠词。句意：虽然城市漫步可以作为一种旅游方式，但这一趋势表明，Z世代更多地通过联系而不是消费来寻求快乐，这也体现了一种深刻的文化好奇心。分析句子结构可知，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且approach是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。 答案：an 10．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处与sees并列作句子的谓语。主语this trend是单数名词，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；根据sees可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填implies。 答案：implies 技法点拨 1.先行词指物 2.先行词指人 $$