题型二 第一讲 有提示词类语法填空-【优化探究】2025年高考英语二轮复习高考总复习配套课件

题型二　语法填空 专题二 语言运用 [近3年高考考情分析] 卷别 年份 体裁 主题语境＋内容 有提示词 无提示词 谓语动词 非谓语 词性转换 比较等级 名词 代词 数词 从句 并列连词 冠词 介词 其他 新课标Ⅰ卷 2024 说明文 人与社会：丝路花园 1 1 3   2     1   1 1   2023 说明文 人与社会：小笼包   4 2     1     1 1 1   新高考Ⅰ卷 2022 说明文 人与自然：大熊猫国家公园 2 2 1   1     1 1 1 1   卷别 年份 体裁 主题语境＋内容 有提示词 无提示词 谓语动词 非谓语 词性转换 比较等级 名词 代词 数词 从句 并列连词 冠词 介词 其他 新课标Ⅱ卷 2024 说明文 人与社会：汤显祖与莎士比亚 2 3 1   1     1 1   1   2023 记叙文 人与社会：教饲养员英语 1 1 3   1     1 1 1 1   新高考Ⅱ卷 2022 记叙文 人与社会：见义勇为 2 2 2   1       1 1   1 [命题分析] 从上表可以看出，新高考英语语法填空主要考查考生在理解文章主旨的基础上，对词语、句子、篇章逻辑的正确理解与运用能力。语篇选材以说明文、记叙文为主，关注中国元素。设空方式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。命题呈现出“实词为主，虚词为辅”的特点。 [解题流程] 第一讲　有提示词类语法填空 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 角度3　提示词为形容词/副词 随堂演练 角度2　提示词为名词 角度1　提示词为动词 角度4　提示词为代词 角度1　提示词为动词 【思维导图】——动词提示类宏观思维2大方向 【热点速递】——快速识别谓语和非谓语 技巧点拨 1.如果一个句子里只有一个动词，那么这个动词一定是谓语动词，谓语动词存在于以下7种基本句型(简单句)中： 基本句型一：S＋V(主＋谓) 基本句型二：S＋V＋O(主＋谓＋宾) 基本句型三：S＋ Link－v.＋ P(主＋系＋表)(系表结构合称复合谓语) 基本句型四：S＋V＋IO＋DO(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾) 基本句型五：S＋V＋O＋C(主＋谓＋宾＋补足语) 基本句型六：S＋V＋A(主语＋谓语＋状语) 基本句型七： S＋V＋O＋A(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语) 技巧点拨 2.在一个完整的英语句子里，如果出现两个动词，则这两个动词会按照以下三种模式相处： (1)两个动词之间用并列连词(and、but、or、so等)来连接，则这两个动词都作谓语； (2)将两个动词分别放在主句和从句中，则这两个动词都作谓语； (3)句中无并列连词，也无从属连词，则该句为简单句，一个简单句中只有一个谓语动词，起主要作用的作谓语，起次要作用的作非谓语。 备注：若一句话中有三个或三个以上的动词，相处模式同两个动词。 典例展示 [典例1]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. [分析]　分析句子结构可知，本句为主从复合句。by which引导________________从句，修饰________________________；主句为________句，句中influenced by...Road为过去分词短语作_____语，修饰____________，所以提示词walk作________。 非限制性定语　 the ancient Silk Road 简单　 定　 a journey　 谓语 典例展示 [典例2]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Two years later, a six－meter－tall pavilion, ____________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, ____________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. [分析]　本句中两个提示词均为动词，句中无____________，也无____________，故该句为________句，所以这两个动词中一个为谓语动词，另一个为非谓语动词；根据句意和句式结构可知，句中起主要作用的是____________，故其作谓语；起次要作用的是____________，故其作非谓语。 并列连词 从属连词 简单　 build　 inspire 考点一　谓语动词  填谓语动词时，一定要根据时间状语、上下文或并列谓语来判断动词的时态和语态。此外，需注意谓语动词的单复数是否和主语保持一致。 (一)“语境暗示”法 如何确定动词的时态 典例感悟 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be) also Shakespeare's concerns.I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet. were 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，该句的主语为“Some of the things”，“that Tang was writing about”为定语从句，修饰先行词things；再根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的事，故应填were。 2.(2024·全国甲卷) They (be) part of a 15－member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 解析：根据句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词；再根据空处前面的主语 they 和后面从句的时态可知，此处应填be动词的过去式 were。 were 3.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) As a little girl，I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 解析：根据空前的as a little girl和空后的when I grew up可知，此处讲的是作者小时候的愿望，故时态应用一般过去时，所以空处填wished。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望我长大后成为一名动物园管理员。 wished 技法点拨 从近几年高考来看，时态考查主要是通过语境暗示解题。分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，并且没有标志性的时间状语时，通过正确理解语境，尤其是上下文的时态对照，是解决时态问题的一个行之有效的方法 (二)慧眼识别标志词 典例感悟 4.(2023·北京卷) Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 解析：根据句子结构可知，设空处作句子的谓语。根据时间状语up to now可知，应使用现在完成时。主语China是单数形式，故填has established。 has established 5.(2023·浙江1月卷，改编) Over the past few years, many solar farm developers (transform)the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. 解析：句意：在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成了各种传粉昆虫的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。设空处作句子的谓语。根据时间状语over the past few years可知，应使用现在完成时。主语many solar farm developers 是复数形式，故填 have transformed。 have transformed 6.(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao (walk) through 34 countries in six continents. 解析：句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，应用现在完成时；主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 has walked 7.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) You can't help wondering how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 解析：句意：你不禁想知道对于那时的人们来说，把所有的石头都放好有多么困难。根据then可知，此处应用一般过去时；从句主语为it，故填was。考生易因主句中的谓语can't help而错填is。 was 8.(2024·陕西铜川二模) The dish (bring) to Singapore in the late 19th century by the migrants from China. 解析：句意：这道菜于19世纪末由中国移民带到新加坡。根据时间状语in the late 19th century可知，应使用一般过去时；主语the dish和bring构成动宾关系，应使用被动语态；主语the dish是单数形式，故填 was brought。 was brought 9.(2024·湖南九校联盟第二次联考) By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols (become) a well－developed writing system. 解析：根据时间状语by the Shang Dynasty可知，此处为“by＋过去时间点”，应使用过去完成时。故填had become。 had become 技法点拨 熟记常考时态的标志性时间状语 1.一般现在时：always、sometimes、every week/day/year/morning等； 2.一般过去时：then、yesterday、last week/night/year/month、the other day、in＋过去的年份、时间段＋ago、时间段＋later等； 3.现在进行时：look、listen、now、at present、at this moment/time等； 4.过去进行时：at that time/moment等； 5.一般将来时：tomorrow、next week/year、in＋时间段、in the future等； 6.将来进行时：at six/this time tomorrow等； 7.现在完成时：since＋时间点、recently、lately、already、so far、ever since、up to/until/by now、during/over/in the last/past＋时间段、in/over recent＋时间段等； 8.过去完成时：by then、until then、by/before/till the end of＋过去的时间点等 (三)瞻前顾后找并列 典例感悟 10.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) He quickly (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 解析：设空处与and后面的started为并列谓语，故空处用一般过去时，故填threw。 threw 11.(2024·四川南充二诊) The documentary (start) from the Qin and Han dynasties and then traces key points at the dawn of Chinese civilization. 解析：句意：这部纪录片从秦汉时期开始，然后追溯了中华文明初期的一些关键点。设空处和traces是并列的谓语，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时；主语the documentary为单数形式，故填starts。 starts 12.(2024·福建厦门5月四检) The film follows the life of Chen Wangdao. It shows how Chen (translate) the masterpiece The Communist Manifesto and how a group of passionate people struggled for their dreams. 解析：分析句子结构可知，and连接两个并列的宾语从句，空处在第一个宾语从句中作谓语，时态应和第二个宾语从句的谓语动词struggled一致，故填translated。 translated 技法点拨 同一个主语有两个或两个以上的并列谓语时，谓语动词时态要一致。常见的并列连词有and、but、or、rather than、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等 (四)“常用句式”法 典例感悟 13.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 解析：本句是“be doing...when...”固定句型，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was fixing。 was fixing 14.(2024·广东广州三模) It is the second time in a row that Suzhou (top) the ranking. 解析：设空处在that从句中作谓语。根据句型“It is the first/second/...time that sb. has/have done sth.”可知，应使用现在完成时，故填has topped。 has topped 15.(2024·重庆巴蜀中学模拟) It is high time that we______________ (devote) ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement. 解析：设空处在从句中作谓语。根据句型“It is high time that...did/should do”可知，谓语应使用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”。故填devoted或should devote。 devoted/should devote 16.(2024·广东深圳检测) No sooner had I reached the finishing line than the audience (begin) to cheer. 解析：分析句子结构可知，本句为“no sooner...than...”结构，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。故填began。 began 17.Last year, a professor of Behavioral Ecology discovered that crows are able to use tools in complex orders. This was the first time that such behavior (observe) in an non－human animal. 解析：分析句子可知，此处考查固定句型“This was the first time that sb./sth.had done sth.”，从句应用过去完成时；主语behavior与observe之间为动宾关系，应使用被动语态。故填had been observed。 had been observed 技法点拨 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如： 1.sb.was/were doing sth.when sb.did... 2.had (just) done sth.when＋一般过去时 3.This/It/That is/was the first/...time that sb./sth.have(has)/had done... 4.祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(陈述句用一般将来时) 5.It is/has been＋时间段＋since sb./sth. did... 6.No sooner/Hardly had sb. done sth. than/when sb./sth. did... 7.By the time＋sb./sth. did sth.，主语＋had done... 8. It's (high) time that... did/should do sth. (一)依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动 如何确定谓语动词的语态 典例感悟 1.(2024·全国甲卷) What should (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 解析：主语what与do之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；空前的should是情态动词，其后应用动词原形。 be done 2.(2023·全国乙卷) Having visited several times over the last 10 years， I (amaze) by the co－existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 解析：句意：在过去的10年里，我来过几次，我惊叹于新与旧的共存，以及一个城市如何能够在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的遗产。根据上下文语境可知，此处讲述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；I和amaze之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是I，故填was amazed。 was amazed 3.(2023·全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。主语a simple literary form和动词employ之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；空前是情态动词，故填be employed。 be employed 4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”． 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。句子的主语the GPNP和design之间为被动关系；此处叙述的是现在的客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语为单数，故填is designed。 is designed 技法点拨 1.分析句子结构，提示词作谓语时，若与主语之间是主谓关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是动宾关系，则考虑用被动语态 2.常考时态的被动语态 (1)一般现在时：am/is/are done； (2)一般过去时：was/were done； (3)一般将来时：will be done； (4)过去将来时：would be done； (5)现在完成时：has/have been done； (6)过去完成时：had been done； (7)情态动词：情态动词＋be＋done (二)牢记主动表被动含义的句式结构 典例感悟 5.(2024·江西鹰潭一模) Sichuan cuisine, listed as one of China's eight major culinary styles， (become) popular internationally in recent years. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。根据时间状语in recent years可知，应使用现在完成时；cuisine为不可数名词，由空处后的popular可知，become为系动词，无被动语态。故填has become。 has become 6.The pink dress she wants to buy her daughter as her birthday present online (wash) easily. washes 解析：分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语，且表示的是主语所具有的特征，应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义。故填washes。 技法点拨 1.系动词feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时，常用主动形式表示被动意义； 2.cut、read、sell、wear、write、wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时，常用主动形式表示被动意义； 3.(1)不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态：happen、exist、remain、rise、break out、come up、take place、come about、run out、come into existence等； (2)无被动语态的及物动词(短语): have、belong to、consist of、date back to/date from等 (一)语法一致原则 典例感悟 1.(2024·浙江1月卷) Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语supermarkets为复数，与动词start之间为主谓关系。故填have started。 如何确定谓语动词的单复数形式(主谓一致) have started 2.(2023·全国乙卷) The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world， (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。上下文的时态为一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时；句子的主语为“The remarkable development of this city”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 means 3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词areas，谓语动词的单复数应与复数名词areas保持一致；空格后的previously unprotected表明这个定语从句叙述的是过去发生的事。故填were。 were 4.(2024·上海建平中学模拟) While the idea of being frugal has long been a part of Eastern culture, the relatively recent growth of wealth in China as well as the ease of purchasing (lead) to increased consumerism for many across the country. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处在主句中作谓语；语境表示“中国财富的相对近期增长以及购物的便利性导致全国许多人的消费增加”，此处强调过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时；as well as连接两个词语作主语时，谓语动词的人称和单复数与前面的词语保持一致，此处前面的主语部分中心词为抽象名词growth，谓语应使用单数。故填has led。 has led 技法点拨 1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时， 谓语动词用单数； 可数名词复数作主语时， 谓语动词用复数； 2.单个的动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数； 3.主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with、together with、as well as、like、but、except、along with、rather than、including、in addition to等，谓语动词的单复数要与前面的主语保持一致； 4.and、both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数形式； 5.“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each、every、no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数 (二)就近一致原则 stands 典例感悟 5.The century－old castle, where there still (stand) a well－preserved old building and dozens of huge maple trees, is listed among the top 10 tourist attractions in his hometown. 解析：句中where引导的定语从句为there开头的倒装句，遵循就近一致原则，谓语用单数；该句介绍的是客观情况，应使用一般现在时。故填stands。 6.(2024·重庆二模) Not the outer layer material but the sensors used to detect body heat (be) unreliable, which results in the impractical device. 解析：分析句子结构，空处为主系表结构中的be动词，not...but...连接并列主语时，谓语的单复数和临近的主语保持一致。故填are。 are 技法点拨 1.由or、either...or...、neither... nor...、not only... but (also)...、not ...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数通常与最近的主语保持一致； 2.由there、here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语动词的单复数通常和最近的主语保持一致 (三)意义一致原则 典例感悟 7.(2024 ·河南名校考前联考) Much of the world's electronic waste will not be recycled, reused or even disposed of in a safe and controlled manner. Only around 17.5 percent (record) as recycled in 2019. 解析：空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语in 2019可知，该动作发生在过去；根据语境可知，17.5 percent之后省略了of the world's electronic waste，谓语应使用单数；且主语和record之间为被动关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was recorded。 was recorded 8.(2024·安徽六校考前模拟) After the plane landed, Mr. Anton found he received a flood of messages. Some (be) from supportive colleagues, but many harshly criticized his work. 解析：空处所在分句为主系表结构，叙述的是过去发生的事情；主语some为不定代词，指代前面的复数名词 messages，谓语用复数。故填were。 were 技法点拨 1.集体名词(family、class、team、group等)作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式； 2.“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； 3.名词由分数、百分数或者some、a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数 考点二　非谓语动词 所给提示词为动词时，若句中已有谓语动词，且提示词在句中不作并列谓语，则考虑填非谓语动词。然后根据该非谓语动词所作的成分，确定具体的非谓语动词的形式。 (一)作主语 如何确定非谓语动词作主语和表语 典例感悟 1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，改编) (produce) food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. Producing 解析：句意：生产没人吃的食物浪费水、燃料和其他用来种植它的资源。本句已有谓语 wastes，因此设空处为非谓语形式作主语。根据句意可知，此处表示经常性的动作，故用动名词作主语。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Producing。 2.(2021·全国甲卷) It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为句型“It ＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.”， it为形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to walk。 to walk 3.(2024·湖南邵阳一模) In addition, (sleep) on the heatable brick bed for a prolonged period is good for the blood circulation and metabolism of the body, and can relieve some diseases such as arthritis and waist and leg pain. 解析：分析句子可知，设空处作句子的主语。根据for a prolonged period 可知，此处表示习惯性、经常性的动作，应使用动名词形式，故填sleeping。 sleeping 技法点拨 1.分析句子结构，找到句子的谓语部分，其前设空可能是缺少主语。如果是习惯性、抽象的动作一般用动名词作主语；如果是具体的、一次性的动作一般用不定式作主语。不定式和动名词作主语时，常可以互换； 2.掌握it充当形式主语，动词－ing形式/不定式作真正的主语的句型，常见句型： (1)It is/was＋形容词(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth. (2)It is no use/good doing sth. (3)It takes sb.some time to do sth. (4)It's worthwhile to do/doing sth. (二)作表语 典例感悟 4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，改编) The GPNP's main goal is_____________ (improve) connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 解析：本句已有系动词is，因此设空处为非谓语形式作表语。名词goal作主语时，通常用动词不定式作表语。故填to improve。 to improve 5.(2021·全国甲卷，改编) Obviously we're all absolutely__________ (delight) to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. 解析：句意：显然，我们都非常高兴地欢迎另一只小牛加入我们的黑犀牛大家庭。设空处在be动词后作表语，意为“高兴的”。故填delighted。 delighted 6.(2024·福建4月联考) The process can be very (bore).Only when practising basic movements again and again can one finally reach the standard. 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处be动词后需用形容词化的现在分词作表语，修饰process，表示“令人……的”，故填boring。 boring 技法点拨 1.不定式作表语，表示将来、目的或表示对主语的进一步说明，其主语通常为aim、choice、decision、dream、goal、idea、intention、plan、 purpose、wish等； 2.动名词作表语，多表示抽象或习惯性的动作，一般是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释； 3.现在分词作表语，意为“令人感到……的”，常修饰物； 4.过去分词作表语，某些意为“感到……的”，此时常修饰人 (一)作介词的宾语 典例感悟 1.(2023·全国乙卷) As a photographer，I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered. 解析：考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词have spent，设空处作非谓语。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定句型，意为“花费时间做某事”。故填recording。 recording 如何确定非谓语动词作宾语 2.(2021·全国甲卷) After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history！ 解析：空前的after为介词，后面应接动词－ing形式。 spending 3.(2024·安徽淮北一模) Zhang Jun, who is secretary－general of the event organizing committee, said the festival is committed to (strengthen) international film cultural exchanges and cooperation, promoting the development of the film industry, and fostering the prosperity of film creation. 解析：be committed to doing sth.是固定短语，意为“致力于做某事”，故此处用动名词作宾语。 strengthening 技法点拨 1.介词和带介词的固定搭配后跟动名词作宾语； 2.带介词to的短语后也跟动名词作宾语。常见的带介词to的短语：be committed to致力于；be/get used to习惯于；stick to坚持；object to/be opposed to反对；lead to导致；look forward to盼望；in addition to除了；get down to着手做；be addicted to对……上瘾；be/get accustomed to习惯于；adjust to/adapt oneself to适应； 3.介词but、except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式要省略to (二)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语 典例感悟 4.(2024·河北张家口一模)“If it helps to promote local tourism, I don't mind (be) an online celebrity，” Liu said during a previous interview. 解析：动词mind后用动名词作宾语，意为“介意做某事”。 being 5.For teenagers, some have learned how to use a sewing machine and made a couple of projects; some are working on a social studies project which involves (construct) a family tree including researching relatives alive in the 1800s. 解析：这里表示“有些人正在从事一个社会研究项目，其中包括构建一个包括研究活在19世纪的亲属的家谱”。involve doing sth.意为“包括做某事”。 constructing 技法点拨 常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：avoid、advise、appreciate、allow、admit、consider(考虑)、deny、delay、enjoy、escape、excuse、finish、imagine、mind、miss、permit、practice、quit、risk、suggest(建议)、give up、be worth、put off、insist on、keep on、succeed in等 (三)只能跟不定式作宾语的动词 典例感悟 6.(2024·全国甲卷) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 解析：根据句意并分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语tend，此处应填非谓语。tend to do sth.意为“往往会做某事”，为固定用法。 to catch 7.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) To eat one，you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出)... 解析：本句已有谓语动词have to decide，设空处与whether连用构成“whether＋to do”结构，作decide的宾语。故填to bite。 to bite 技法点拨 常跟不定式作宾语的动词：agree、arrange、aim、afford、choose、demand、decide、determine、desire、expect、fail、hope、long(渴望)、learn、manage、offer、pretend、plan、promise、prepare、refuse、tend、 want、wish等 (四)既可跟动名词作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语但表达含义不同的动词和短语 典例感悟 8.(2024·河南洛阳联考) We use bicycles today for recreation, fitness and so on. Without the bicycle, much of the world might stop (work). 解析：句意：没有自行车，世界上很多地方可能会停止工作。表示“停止做某事”应用stop doing sth.，故填 working。 working 9.I still remember (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time. 解析：句意：我还记得去拜访过一位在这里住了五年的朋友，当我得知她在那段时间里没做过一次饭时，我感到很震惊。remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”。 visiting 10.I didn't mean (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help trying it. 解析：句意：我本来没打算吃任何东西，但是那个冰激凌看起来实在太好吃了，以至于我忍不住去尝一尝。mean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”。 to eat (一)现在分词作宾语补足语 典例感悟 1.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 解析：分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds是saw的宾语，“ (surround) the mountain tops”是非谓语动词结构作宾语补足语，clouds与surround之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填surrounding。 surrounding 　　如何确定非谓语动词作宾语补足语 技法点拨 表示“主动和正在进行”用动词的现在分词形式。常跟动词的现在分词形式作宾语补足语的有感官动词(短语)feel、hear、listen to、see、look at、watch、notice、observe；使役动词get、have；其他动词catch、find、keep、leave等 (二)过去分词作宾语补足语 典例感悟 2.Orange trees are...They make great gifts and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 解析：句中them指代上文中的orange trees，且decorate与them之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。 decorated 3.(2024·湖南5地调研) To make wildlife (protect) better, the authority has not only set the list of habitats but also published a list of wild animals under special conservation, listing 150 kinds of wild animals. 解析：此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，动词protect和宾语wildlife之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。 protected 技法点拨 表示“被动和完成”用动词的过去分词形式。常跟动词的过去分词形式作宾语补足语的有感官动词(短语)feel、hear、listen to、see、look at、watch、notice、observe；使役动词get、have、make；其他动词find、keep、leave等 (三)不定式作宾语补足语 典例感悟 4.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 解析：此处为allow sth.to do sth.结构，to do作宾语补足语，此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”，设空处与宾语them构成动宾关系，故用不定式的被动式。故填to be lifted。 to be lifted 5.(2023·全国乙卷，改编) According to a new study from market analysts，1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them (try) different food. 解析：句意：根据来自市场分析师的一项新研究，五分之一的英国人表示，观看电视烹饪节目鼓励他们尝试不同的食物。encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to try。 to try 6.(2024·湖南长沙雅礼中学月考) He called on the nation (meet) people's ever－growing intellectual and cultural needs as well as to build greater cultural confidence and strength. 解析：call on sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“号召某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 to meet 7.(2024·湖南邵阳一模) The heatable brick bed retains heat well, which enables people (have) a comfortable sleeping environment in the cold winter. 解析：句意：火炕很好地保存了热量，使人们能够在寒冷的冬天有一个舒适的睡眠环境。固定短语enable sb. to do sth.意为“使某人能够做某事”。故填to have。 to have 技法点拨 1.常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise、allow、appoint、cause、challenge、order、command、permit、encourage、expect、drive、enable、forbid、force、inspire、instruct、invite、persuade、warn等； 2.常跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有感官动词feel、hear、listen to、see、look at、watch、notice、observe；使役动词let、have、make等。但在变为被动语态时需要加上to (let除外) (四)with复合结构中的宾语补足语 specializing 典例感悟 8.(2024·广东梅州一模) In China, it is reported that over 40 vocational colleges and 80 universities have set up majors in tea science or tea culture, with over 3，000 graduates (specialize) in tea production and art every year. 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为with复合结构。介词with后的宾语over 3，000 graduates与specialize之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。 9.(2024·山东青岛一模) Despite being two goals behind the opposing team in the first half, the Chinese women's national football team got three in the second half with two goals (score) in just five minutes. 解析：此处是with复合结构，名词two goals与动词score之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。 scored 技法点拨 在with复合结构中也可以用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，常见的结构如下： (一)动名词作定语 典例感悟 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) The latest (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. 解析：空处修饰空后的名词techniques，在句中作定语，说明名词的作用，应用动名词engineering。 engineering 　　如何确定非谓语动词作定语 技法点拨 表示被修饰词的用途或作用，用动名词作定语，如sleeping train (二)现在分词作定语 典例感悟 2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth－floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2－metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the (fall) child. 解析：分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，空处应该使用非谓语动词。child和fall之间是主谓关系，同时表示动作正在进行，应用现在分词作定语。 falling 3.(2024·广东深圳一模) Meanwhile, he is also amazed by the modern city (combine) high－end businesses and various industries. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词city；名词city和动词combine之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语。 combining 技法点拨 1.现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行； 2.若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done结构； 3.表示心理状态的动词－ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的” (三)过去分词作定语 典例感悟 4.(2024·浙江1月卷) Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 解析：根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词；动词design和逻辑主语packs构成动宾关系，且动作已完成，用过去分词作后置定语。 designed 技法点拨 1.过去分词作定语表示被动、完成； 2.动词－ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的名词，如：look、expression、face、voice等 (四)不定式作定语 典例感悟 5.(2022·全国甲卷) A visually－challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. 解析：句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为徒步旅行“一带一路”路线的第一步。分析句子并结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词修饰，应用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。 to journey 6.(2024·山东济宁三模) The creativity of this mini concert is a great success: to some extent, it offers a Chinese way (preserve) the world－wide cultural relics. 解析：根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词；名词way后常用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to preserve。 to preserve 7.(2024·浙江重点中学联考) Local people and visitors from all over the world will have a unique opportunity (appreciate) the beauty of these archaeological achievements in one of the best museums in Europe. 解析：根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词；“ (appreciate) the beauty of these archaeological achievements”作后置定语修饰名词opportunity，opportunity后常跟动词不定式作定语，故填 to appreciate。 to appreciate 技法点拨 1.表示将要发生用to do，被动时用to be done； 2.由the only、the very、the next、序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词/代词后常用不定式作定语； 3.以下名词ability、attempt、chance、desire、eagerness、potential、way、right、time、wish、decision、opportunity等和代词something、anything、nothing等后常用不定式作定语 (一)现在分词作状语 典例感悟 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.” Recalling 　如何确定非谓语动词作状语 解析：分析句子结构可知，该句主语为Edmondson，谓语动词为said，故空白处应填非谓语动词；又因主语Edmondson与动词recall之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。 2.(2023·全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I was amazed by the co－existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 解析：分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，与逻辑主语I之间是主谓关系；根据时间状语over the last 10 years可知，此处visit是先于谓语动词完成的动作，故用现在分词的完成式。故填Having visited。 Having visited 3.(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co－existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age－old fables. 解析：设空处前面有谓语动词begins，且两者之间没有连词连接；分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词作状语，her fable与borrow之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 borrowing 技法点拨 1.句子的主语是分词动作的逻辑主语，而且与该动词之间为主谓关系； 2.表示自然而然的意料之中的结果用动词－ing 形式作状语； 3.如果分词的动作早于谓语动词发生，则该分词要用having done形式 (二)过去分词作状语 典例感悟 4.(2024·湖南永州二模) (expose) less to the outdoor environment, a skywell is different from a northern Chinese courtyard. 解析：句意：天井较少暴露于室外环境，与中国北方的庭院不同。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词作状语，与其逻辑主语a skywell构成动宾关系，应使用过去分词形式；设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Exposed。 Exposed 5.(2024·安徽淮北一模) (construct) in sections from the 5th century BCE, the Grand Canal was a means of communication for the Empire for the first time in the Sui Dynasty. 解析：本句为主系表结构，设空处为非谓语动词作状语，与其逻辑主语the Grand Canal构成动宾关系，应使用过去分词形式；设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Constructed。 Constructed 技法点拨 句子的主语是分词动作的逻辑主语，而且与该动词之间为动宾关系 (三)不定式作状语 典例感悟 6.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式to give。 to give 7.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed (find) the connection between the two great writers. 解析：be amazed to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。设空处为不定式作amazed的原因状语，故填to find。 to find 8.(2024·重庆模拟) Ms.Tait wore a wig (假发) for the first year of high school and her hair grew back, only (fall) out again after a year and a half. 解析：根据句意及空前的only可知，此处为only to do作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 to fall 技法点拨 1.不定式可以用作目的状语； 2.only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果； 3.形容词作表语时，后可接不定式作状语表示原因； 4.在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”句式中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 考点三　词性转换   提示词为动词，如果既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则应考虑进行词性转换。动词是转换成名词还是形容词，则需要根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。 典例感悟 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) In cold weather, the structure stays (close) to protect the plants. 解析：考查词性转换。stays“保持”是系动词，后接过去分词式形容词作表语，表示被动，故填closed，意为“关闭的”。 closed 2.(2024·全国甲卷) They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the (complete) of their journey. 解析：考查词性转换。根据空处前的冠词the和空处后的介词of可知，空处应填名词。at the completion of意为“在……结束时”。 completion 3.(2024·浙江1月卷) Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the (criticize) that they lead to waste. 解析：考查词性转换。空处位于定冠词后，作because of的宾语，且空处后that引导的同位语从句进行补充说明，故空处应用名词criticism，表示“批评”。 criticism 4.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot， (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 解析：考查词性转换。空处与空前的形容词hot并列，修饰空后的名词soup。故填tasty。 tasty 5.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017, right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词before的宾语，跟在定冠词the的后面，需要用名词，arrive的名词形式是arrival。故填arrival。 arrival 技法点拨 方法1　利用句子成分确定词性 (1)如果空处在句中作主语、宾语或表语，要考虑用名词； (2)如果空处在句中作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语，要考虑用形容词 方法2　根据修饰词或被修饰词确定词性 (1)如果空处被形容词、冠词或形容词性物主代词修饰，要考虑用名词； (2)如果空处修饰名词，要考虑用形容词 角度2　提示词为名词 (一)名词变复数 典例感悟 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) These plants included modern Western (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 解析：考查名词单复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词included的宾语，前面的modern Western为定语，所以此处应填名词；根据空后的“such as rosemary，lavender and fennel”可知，空处表示复数概念，应用favourites。 favourites 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Although they could never have met, there are common (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. 解析：考查名词单复数。根据空前的there are可知，此处应用名词复数themes。 themes 3.(2024·全国甲卷) They are (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). 解析：考查名词单复数。根据空前的are和空后的of可知，空处应用名词复数，表示“它们是美国遗产中的珍宝”。 treasures 技法点拨 若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数形式，同时注意不规则变化的情况。 1.有数词或者these、those、several、many、all、both、various、different、a number of 等词修饰时，名词用复数形式； 2.前有one of、among修饰时，名词用复数形式； 3.若谓语动词是复数形式，则作主语的名词也用复数形式 China's (二)名词所有格 典例感悟 4.(2024·湖南长沙雅礼中学月考) Among the Han people, which make up a vast majority of (China) total population, the passage into adulthood is no longer celebrated, except in those very traditional families. 解析：此处表示“中国的人口总数”，设空处与population 构成所属关系，应使用所有格，故填China's。 技法点拨 提示词与后面的名词为所属关系，应考虑名词所有格。在变名词所有格时，单数名词或不以－s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加－'s；以－s结尾的单数或者复数名词，在词尾加－' (三)名词转换成形容词或动词 典例感悟 5.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and (confidence) speaking English. 解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与空前的形容词comfortable并列作feel的表语，因此，空处也需要填形容词。故填confident。 confident remarkable 6.(2023·全国乙卷) The (remark) development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world，means there is always something new to discover here，and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 解析：考查词性转换。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词development，应用形容词。故填remarkable“非凡的，卓越的”。 Different 7.(2023·全国甲卷) (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. 解析：考查词性转换。 be different from“与……不同”是固定短语，此处作状语，去掉be动词，且空处位于句首，单词首字母要大写，故填Different。 meaningful 8.(2022·全国甲卷) Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (meaning). 解析：考查词性转换。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 技法点拨 1.提示词为名词，如果作表语或作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有表示比较级和最高级的词more/most或less/least，则一般考查名词变形容词； 2.提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词 角度3　提示词为形容词/副词 (一)形容词变副词、名词 典例感悟 1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the (rich) of gardening in England. 解析：考查词性转换。空处跟在定冠词the之后，且空后的of gardening对空处进行限定，因此应用名词richness。 richness visibility 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international (visible)，said Edmondson. 解析：考查词性转换。international是形容词，应修饰名词。visible的名词形式为visibility，表示“知名度”。 rarely 3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is (rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left wanting more next time. 解析：考查词性转换。此处enough为形容词，其前应用副词修饰，故填rarely“几乎不”。 Basically 4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) So, what are they learning? (basic)，how to describe a panda's life. 解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰整个句子，应使用副词形式。由于本空位于句首，首字母需要大写，所以空处填Basically。句意：那么，他们在学什么呢？总的说来，他们在学习如何描述大熊猫的生活。 技法点拨 1.若空处修饰动词、形容词或全句，应考虑填副词形式； 2.若空处在动词前作主语或在介词、动词后作宾语，应考虑填名词形式 simpler (二)形容词、副词变比较级 典例感悟 5.(2023·浙江1月卷) Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple) in design and decoration，and the hutongs were narrower. 解析：考查形容词比较级。空处与空前的smaller相呼应，表示“在设计和装饰方面更简单”。故填simpler。 hotter 6.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the (hot) the spring！ 解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：有关温泉让人感到惊叹的就是：气温越冷，温泉就越热。此处是固定结构“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”，意为“越……，(就)越……”。故填hotter。 better 7.(2021·全国甲卷) After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what (good) than to ride on a piece of history！ 解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比在一段历史上驰骋更好的呢！根据空后的比较级提示词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级形式。故填better。 技法点拨 1.空前有much、far、still、even、rather、a little、a bit、a lot、a great deal或空后有than 等标志词时应考虑用比较级； 2.句型“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”； 3.句型“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越……”； 4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义； 5.如果句中没有标志词，但暗含比较级的意义，也需要用比较级 largest (三)形容词、副词变最高级 典例感悟 8.(2024·全国甲卷) Yellowstone was the (large) United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell－Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 解析：考查形容词最高级。根据空处前的the和下文的United States national park可知，本句暗含着Yellowstone与美国所有国家公园之间的比较，故用large的最高级形式。 largest 9.(2022·全国乙卷) As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the (large) tea－producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. 解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大的产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大的产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。 highest 10.(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's (high) mountain. 解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家。2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山的山顶，这是非洲最高的山脉。根据空前的Africa's和常识可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。 技法点拨 1.设空后有表示范围的标志词in、of、among等时，用最高级； 2.设空前有one of the、“the＋序数词”等修饰词时，用最高级； 3.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含最高级的意义，也需要用最高级 角度4　提示词为代词 (一)人称代词 典例感悟 1.(2024·福建厦门质检) His mother jokingly asked (he) whether the sugar was sweet, and he said, “Yes, it is sweet enough.” 解析：考查人称代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作asked的宾语，应用he的宾格形式him。 him   技法点拨 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语时，应考虑人称代词主格(I、we、you、he、she、it、they)形式； 2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少宾语或表语时应考虑人称代词宾格(me、us、you、him、her、it、them)形式 (二)物主代词 典例感悟 2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in (I). 解析：考查名词性物主代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。当然，它也会留在我的记忆中。根据上一句中的“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句中的does指代上一句的stick，本句缺少宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。 mine 3.(2024·全国甲卷) They wondered out loud. This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. 解析：考查形容词性物主代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的beauty，应用形容词性物主代词its。 its 4.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of (they) contents. 解析：考查形容词性物主代词。此处用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰空后的名词contents，表示“不会使包子开裂，或者溢出包子里的任何东西”。 their 技法点拨 1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(my、our、your、his、her、its、their)形式； 2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、表语或宾语，且表示拥有者时，应考虑名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours、his、hers、its、theirs)形式 herself (三)反身代词 典例感悟 5.(2021·浙江6月卷) She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order. 解析：考查反身代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，应用反身代词。故填herself。 itself 6.(2024·辽宁沈阳三模) Nowadays, having already been listed as Provincial Intangible Culture Heritage by the People's Government of Sichuan Province, this art (sugar painting) is engaging (it) in the general public entertainment. 解析：考查反身代词。句意：如今，这种艺术(糖画)已经被四川省人民政府列为省级非物质文化遗产，它正融入大众的娱乐中。engage... in...“使……参与某项活动或事务”，为固定搭配，此处指这项艺术正跻身于娱乐活动中，engage的宾语与主语为同一物，应用反身代词。 技法点拨 提示词为代词，当该词作动词或介词的宾语或作表语，且和主语是同一人/物时，应考虑反身代词(myself、ourselves、yourself、yourselves、himself、herself、itself、themselves)形式 随堂演练 A [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了敦煌，它曾是丝绸之路的重要驿站，如今成为迷人的旅游胜地。游客可在日出时漫步沙漠绿洲，日落时分骑骆驼。那里还有敦煌莫高窟和敦煌博物馆供人们游览。 (2024·河北石家庄教学质量检测二) Dunhuang, an oasis (绿洲) in the Taklimakan Desert, used to be a major stop along the Silk Road, but is now mainly a fascinating tourist destination. Those interested 1. Dunhuang's colorful history will be attracted by the Mogao Caves, one of the city's main attractions. The entrance to each cave 2. (block) by a locked door, which can only be opened by expert guides. Behind these doors are caves of all 3. (size)—from very small to absolutely huge. The caves contain thousands of priceless manuscripts and silk paintings, which, upon their discovery, drew much 4. (attend) to the area. 1．解析：考查介词。句意：那些对敦煌丰富多彩的历史感兴趣的人将被该城市的主要景点之一敦煌莫高窟吸引。考查固定短语be interested in，故填介词in。 答案：in 2．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：每个洞窟的入口都被一扇锁着的门堵着，只有专业导游才能打开。空处所在句为主从复合句，which引导定语从句，主句缺少谓语动词。此处描述客观情况，故用一般现在时；主语the entrance与block是动宾关系，应用被动语态；且主语是第三人称单数。故填is blocked。 答案：is blocked 3．解析：考查名词单复数。根据空前的all和空后的“from very small to absolutely huge”可知，此处应用名词复数，表示不止一个尺寸，故填 sizes。 答案：sizes 4．考查词性转换。空前有much修饰，应用不可数名词作drew的宾语，结合常用表达draw attention to“吸引对……的注意力”可知，应填attention。 答案：attention Also, there are few things as special as walking across the desert oasis at sunrise.5. (catch) this incredible scene, you must rise early. It's bitterly cold. But as the sun rises atop the golden dunes (沙丘) and paints a 6. (true) picturesque scene, all your efforts pay off. Sunset is a popular time for a camel ride. Get off the camels 7. walk up a rather steep dune overlooking Crescent Lake. From this position, 8. (regard) as the best one, the incredible sunset is awe－inspiring. 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了捕捉这一令人难以置信的场景，你必须早起。结合句意可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作目的状语，注意句首首字母要大写，故填To catch。 答案：To catch 6．解析：考查词性转换。此处表示“描绘出一幅真正如画的风景”；空后picturesque“优美的”是形容词，应用副词修饰，故填truly。 答案：truly 7．考查连词。句意：从骆驼上下来，爬上一个俯瞰月牙泉的相当陡峭的沙丘。本句是祈使句，get off和walk up两个动词短语并列且表示顺承，故填并列连词and。 答案：and 8．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：从这个被认为是最佳的位置看，让人难以置信的日落令人敬畏。分析句子结构可知，此处构成非谓语动词短语作定语修饰position，且position和regard之间是动宾关系，故应用过去分词regarded。 答案：regarded No trip to Dunhuang is complete without visiting the Dunhuang Museum，9. it's possible to put all of the city's historical sites into proper historical context. The museum is expansive, 10. (contain) many original artworks. Here, you are bound to be amazed by Dunhuang's rich culture. 9．解析：考查定语从句。句意：没有参观敦煌博物馆的敦煌之旅是不完整的，在那里可以将这座城市的所有历史遗迹置于适当的历史背景中。分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句，修饰先行词Dunhuang Museum，且在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。 答案：where 10．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：博物馆很大，收藏了许多原作。分析句子结构可知，空处构成非谓语动词短语作状语。contain意为“包含”，和主语the museum构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式containing。 答案：containing B [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了香的历史、文化意义及其在医疗和日常生活中的用途，说明了香在预防性医疗和提升生活品质方面的作用。 (2024·江苏南京、盐城二模) Incense (香) boasts a long history，1. its roots in many cultures—ancient China, ancient Egypt, ancient Babylon and beyond. People from all walks of life benefit from its countless qualities, whether they use it for pleasure 2. as medicine. 1．解析：考查介词。句意：香有着悠久的历史，它起源于许多文化——古代中国、古埃及、古巴比伦和其他地方。空前为完整的句子，此处是with复合结构作状语。 答案：with 2．解析：考查连词。句意：各行各业的人都受益于它的诸多品质，无论是它被用来娱乐还是被用作药物。空前的for pleasure和空后的as medicine为并列关系，且此处表示选择，故填or。 答案：or Since the Tang and Song dynasties, burning incense, hanging paintings, making tea, and arranging flowers have been known as the “four arts for literati (文人)”.3. (make) from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable 4. (pursue) for scholars. 3．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：香是由种子、叶子和花朵制成，其一直是学者们喜爱的追求。此句谓语动词是has been used，故此空应填非谓语动词；因make与句子的主语incense是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式；位于句首，单词首字母要大写。 答案：Made   4．解析：考查词性转换。由空前的an enjoyable可知，此处应为名词。pursue是动词，其名词形式是pursuit。 答案：pursuit Moreover, medical incense is an essential part of Traditional Chinese Medicine, which considers preventative healthcare as 5. far superior form of treatment when illness strikes. 5．解析：考查冠词。句意：此外，医用香是传统中医的一个重要组成部分，传统中医认为预防性医疗保健服务是疾病发作时的一种非常优越的治疗形式。consider...as...是固定短语，意为“认为……是……”；空后的form为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，且far的发音以辅音音素开头。故填不定冠词a。 答案：a 6． (basic), medical incense can kill bacteria in the environment, protecting people against infections. It is also believed 7. (possess) the ability to balance the flow of Qi, a vital energy force within the body. Once the medical elements within incense are breathed in, they soon find 8. (they) way into the bloodstream. From there they go directly to the organs 9. treatment assistance is needed. The specific types of incense 10. _ (choose) based on the individual's condition, aiming to restore balance and promote well－being. 6．解析：考查词性转换。句意：基本上，医用香可以杀死环境中的细菌，保护人们免受感染。此处句子结构完整，故应用副词作状语。 答案：Basically 7．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它还被认为具有平衡气流动的能力，气是人体内的一种重要的能量。此句谓语动词是is believed，空处应填非谓语动词。再根据固定表达sth./sb.is believed to do可知，应填动词不定式。 答案：to possess 8．解析：考查代词。句意：一旦香中的医学元素被吸入，它们很快就会进入血液。way是名词，其前应用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填their。 答案：their 9．解析：考查定语从句。句意：从那里，它们直接进入需要治疗的人体器官中。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句，修饰先行词organs，且在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where。 答案：where 10．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：具体类型的香是根据个人的情况来选择的，旨在恢复平衡和促进健康。根据两处非谓语动词“based on”和“aiming to”可知，此处应填谓语动词。此处是描述一般情况，故用一般现在时；因主语the specific types of incense与choose是动宾关系，故应用被动语态；主语是复数。故填are chosen。 答案：are chosen   技法点拨 with＋宾语＋ $$