特色微技能——攻克阅读理解2大超重点7-【优化探究】2025年高考英语二轮复习高考总复习配套课件

特色微技能——攻克阅读理解2大超重点 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 超重点2　熟知阅读理解干扰性“4套路” 超重点1　明确阅读理解正确选项“3特征” 超重点1　明确阅读理解正确选项“3特征” 特征1　同义转述 【命题研报】 在阅读理解的题目中，命题人有时会将文中的一个或多个信息点换一种方式表达出来，即同义转述。同义转述可能会出现在题干中，也可能出现在选项中，和原文在意义上的呼应方式也是多种多样的，如通过同义词、反义词、近义词或派生词的形式等。借助“同义转述”的照应或暗示，考生可以快速锁定答案。 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·B) “I am not crazy，” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.”If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. Q：What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him? A．He's odd. 【分析】　A项中的odd是unusual的同义转述。 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·C)But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Q：What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. 【分析】　A项中的lightly是not so serious的同义转述。 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·A)We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车)，bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡)，bikes with child seats, and children's bikes. Q：What is an advantage of MacBike? B．It offers many types of bikes. 【分析】　B项中的many types of bikes是bicycles in a wide variety的同义转述。 4．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·C)The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. Q：What is the book aimed at? B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. 【分析】　题干中的aimed at是the goal的同义转述，B项中的simple digital lifestyle 是digital minimalism的同义转述。 5．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·D)In a follow-up study with 100 university students，the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Q：What did the follow-up study focus on? C．The discussion process. 【分析】　C项“The discussion process.”是“what the group members actually did in their discussion”的同义转述。 【分析】　题干中的key是decisive的同义转述，A项“Proper time management.”是being at the right place at the right time的同义转述，avoid missing the moment也是佐证。 特征2　逻辑推断 【命题研报】 英语语篇通常具有清晰的逻辑线索，解题时可通过分析句内、句间、段内、段落与语篇主题之间的逻辑关系快速锁定答案。考生要特别关注连接标志词，研读照应与替代，探究省略和词汇衔接，通过推理、判断来梳理篇章结构，解读文本。 1．(2023·全国乙卷·D)If you want to tell the history of the whole world... you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not... … ...If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. Q：Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from? C．A History of the World in 100 Objects 【分析】　 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·B)Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out. Q：What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? B．We waste food unintentionally at times. 【分析】　 3．(2022·全国乙卷·C)Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. Q：What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A．The use of drones in checking on power lines. 【分析】　 特征 3 整合概括 【命题研报】 高考阅读理解不仅考查考生提取文本中表层信息(文本中直接陈述的事实与观点)的能力，同时，也会考查考生的深层理解能力，要求考生理解散落在文本各处的信息点，并进行归纳整理，得出文章所要表达的含义，因此一些题目的正确项就是对文中碎片信息的整合与概括。 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·A)Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的)plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. Q. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? C．To protect the local ecosystem. 【分析】　根据第一段中的“Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas”以及“play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys”可以归纳概括出，生物栖息地修复工作队的目标是保护当地的生态系统。 2．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·B)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems... When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? Q：What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? C．He had an inquiring mind. 【分析】　第一段中提到John喜欢探索树林，长大后开始思索问题，再结合第二段提到的John观察自然并提出问题，可以归纳概括出，John善于思考和质疑，即有探究精神。 3．(2023·全国乙卷·C)What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine... Q：What do people usually think of British food? A．It is simple and plain. 【分析】　根据文中所举出的例子“fish and chips”和“a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables”，并结合“uninteresting”“has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine”可以概括出，人们通常认为英国食物简单而朴素。 超重点2　熟知阅读理解干扰性“4套路” 套路1　偷换概念 【命题研报】 偷换概念旨在考查考生的阅读专注度和理解准确度。在设置干扰项时，命题人常把一句话的部分内容进行同义或近义转述，另一部分进行概念偷换。干扰项内容看似与原文差不多，若考生没有仔细阅读、分析原文，就会导致作出错误的理解和判断。 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·C)But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Q：What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? 干扰项：D.Digital texts are suitable for social media. 【分析】　选项中suitable是suited的同义转述，但选项将适应社交媒体的心态偷换成数字文本。 2．(2023·全国乙卷·B)I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Q：How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? 干扰项：A.By teaming up with other photographers. 【分析】　选项中的teaming up with是travel with的同义转述，但选项将部分信息“a few of my friends”“take photos along the way”偷换为“other photographers”。 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·B)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. Q：What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? 干扰项：A.He was fond of traveling. 【分析】　选项中的“He was fond of”是原文中的“he loved to”的同义转述，但“explore the woods”被偷换为“traveling”。 套路2　无中生有 【命题研报】 命题者常把干扰项设置成与问题无关的内容，或用原文信息的某一个词，或是根本没有提到的内容，或是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，或是名言警句、真理等，这些内容本身可能是正确的，但与文章内容不相符或与问题无关。考生只关注其在实际生活中的正确性，却忽略了与文本和问题实际上的关联及作者的真实意图。命题人借此来考查考生的应用能力。 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·B)Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Q: Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? 干扰项：D.He wanted to save money for pet owners. 【分析】　根据原文可知，Farber尝试针灸治疗之后背痛得到了缓解，自己得到了益处，所以他认为针灸治疗似乎也可用到宠物身上。D项“他想为宠物主人省钱”在原文中找不到依据，属于无中生有。 2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·B)And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Q：What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? 干扰项： A．She used to be a health worker. B．She grew up in a low-income family. 【分析】　由于原文信息中出现了low-income和healthy，命题人就把这两个词与Abby Jaramillo联系在一起，但是原文中的“low-income”指学校收入低，“healthy”指的是这个项目旨在帮助学生养成健康的生活方式，A、B两项属于无中生有。 3．(2023·全国乙卷·B)Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. Q: What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author? 干扰项：B.Good shooting techniques. 【分析】　根据原文信息可知，拍风景照片的关键是对时间的把握，B项“良好的摄影技术”虽是生活中认可的道理，但在文中找不到根据，属于无中生有。 套路3　语义错位 【命题研报】 语义错位通常有两种形式：一是通过其中某个词的形近词、派生词或多义词的其他义项等转述原文信息，如用trouble me 替换in trouble，用dangerous 替换in danger，用trustworthy替换 trust等；二是丢掉重要的修饰词或限定词等，导致语义改变。由于此类干扰项和原文有较高相似度，考生很可能掉以轻心，从而误选，这就是我们常说的“差之毫厘，谬以千里”。 1．(2023·全国乙卷·D)Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side... Q：What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2? 干扰项：A.His report was scientific. 【分析】　选项中的“report was scientific”是原文信息中的scientific reports的同义转述，但该选项没有考虑到原文中的“From the English side”，导致语义错位。根据原文可知，历史仅有文字是不够的，应该既有文字又有物证。 2．(2022·全国甲卷·C)The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. Q：What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? 干扰项： A．It could be a home for her. 【分析】　hit home意为“正中要害”，A选项把其中的home偷换为“家”的意思。 套路4　不当推理 【命题研报】 不当推理是基于原文信息，得出了错误的、偏离或有悖于原文的结论，命题人将此设置为干扰项，干扰考生思考。 1．(2023·浙江1月卷·B)I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Q：What can we infer about the author? 干扰项：A.She is quite good at cooking. 【分析】　由原文信息中的“offered to cook”便武断推出，作者擅长做饭，偏离原文信息。 2．(2023·浙江1月卷·C)And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence. Q：What can we learn from the last paragraph? 干扰项：C.Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters. 【分析】　原文信息是说始于苏格拉底和孔子的传统不会因人工智能的出现而消失，选项推理为古老的哲学家为辩论者树立榜样，偏离了原文信息，属于不当推理。 3．(2022·全国乙卷·D)However, some high sugar brands，like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Q：What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? 干扰项：D.It upsets customers. 【分析】　选项将原文中的for fear of upsetting替换为upsets，这属于以假想代替现实结果，“fear of upsetting consumers”是上文“refusing to change”的原因，此处推理错误。   $$