题型一 第四讲 词句猜测题-【优化探究】2025年高考英语二轮复习高考总复习配套课件

第四讲　词句猜测题 词句猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型，要求考生利用文章信息推断出文章中某个生词、短语甚至句子的(隐藏)含义以及代词的指代对象，其目的是考查考生在阅读中理解生僻词块的含义以及代词指代对象的高阶能力，这是考查考生语言运用能力以及思维品质的重要途径。掌握一定的猜词技巧对于英语阅读有着举足轻重的意义。虽然每年的高考阅读理解中该类题目数量不多，却是考生失分的重灾区之一。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 考法3 句意理解题　 随堂演练 考法2 代词指代题 考法1 词义猜测题 精准补弱 考法1 词义猜测题 技法1　“逻辑关系”猜词义 [答题微点] ★设题特点：阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义关系、同义关系和因果关系等。 ★设问方式： 1. What does the underlined word “...”in paragraph 1 mean? 2. What does the underlined phrase “...” in paragraph 2 probably refer to? [图解技巧] 　　典例　2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D篇 In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．If read by someone poorly educated.　　　　　　 B．If reviewed by someone ill－intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. 【语境猜词】 ①heady _______________________________[head n．头部＋－y] ②academic ____________[熟义：adj.学业的，学术的] ③make for ____________ ④by the close _______ [自我解答]　________ adj.令人头晕眼花的；令人陶醉的 n.学者 促成，导致 结束时 C [解析]　词义猜测题。第二段主要介绍了这本书的作者信息，由画线词下文中的but可知，画线短语所在句子前后语义转折。but后是现在时态描述一种事实，指出这本书的作者Campbell拥有二十多年的专业经验，能将枯燥难懂的内容变得很通俗易懂。but前提到，这本书可能会像计算机代码一样复杂难懂，其中could表示一种假设或可能的情况。由此可推知，but前应该是假设一个能力不如Campbell的人来写这本书。故选C。 技法2　“语法关系”猜词义 [答题微点] ★设题特点：在做阅读理解题目时，考生利用语法关系(下定义、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句、举例子、标点符号等)猜测词义是一种快速有效的方法。 ★设问方式： 1. What do the underlined words“...” probably mean? 2. What could the phrase“...” in the sentence be replaced by? [图解技巧] 　 典例2022·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇 Wendy Wilson，extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street，one of the first to embark on the project，said：“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” C 30.What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A.Improve.　　　　　　 B．Oppose.　　　　　　　 C．Begin.　　　　　　　 D．Evaluate. 【语境猜词】 ①resident ________________ ②session ________________ [自我解答]　________ n.居民 n.一段时间 [解析]　词义猜测题。画线短语所在句中“one of the first to embark on the project”与主语Wendy Wilson为同位语，根据embark on前面的one of the first及其后面的“Residents really welcome the idea of...to people here.”可知，此处指Wendy Wilson是最早发起这个项目的人之一。故选C项。 技法3　“构词法”猜词义 [答题微点] ★设题特点：使用构词法可以不借助阅读上下文便能大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以做题时如果可以利用构词法，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。 ★设问方式： 1．What do the underlined words“...” in paragraph 1 refer to? 2．What does the underlined word in the first/second/...paragraph mean? [图解技巧] 　　典例　2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇 Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Clear－up.　　　　　　　B．Add－on.　　　　　　　 C．Check－in.　　　　　　　D．Take－over. 【语境猜词】 ①conclude __________[熟义：得出结论] ②massive __________________________[mass n．大量；许多＋－ive]  [自我解答]　________ v.结束 adj.大量的，大规模的 A [解析]　词义猜测题。画线单词declutter含有前缀de-，这个前缀有“除去”“取消”“离开”以及“否定”“非”等意思。结合语境并根据第二句“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.”可知，the digital declutter 要求人们远离一些线上活动，故可推测出词义。 技法4　上下文语境猜词义 [答题微点] ★设题特点：解答某些词义猜测题时，可能找不到以上标志性线索，这时可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义。这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。 ★设问方式： 1．What does “...” underlined in paragraph 1 refer to? 2．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“...”？ [图解技巧] 　 典例　2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇 When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. 28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean？ A.Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 【语境猜词】 ①onscreen ______________[on－＋screen n．屏幕] ②print ________________[熟义：v.印刷] ③pose ____________[熟义：v.摆姿势] ④draw inferences from __________________________ [自我解答]　_________ adv.在屏幕上 n.印刷品，出版物 v.提出 从……中推断出结论 D [解析]　词义猜测题。本题可以根据上下文语境来解题。根据前两句“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.”可知，有纸化学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。根据画线短语所在句可知，当实验人员把任务从易(比如找到阅读文章的主旨)到难(需要抽象思维，比如从文本中推断出结论)推进时，纸质阅读的优势尤为明显，也就是变得容易被人注意到(become easy to notice)，故选D。 考法2　代词指代题 [答题微点] ★设题特点：代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的所指。有时也会考查定语从句中的关系词的指代。 ★设问方式： 1．What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which/...” refer to? 2．The underlined part “it/that/they/which/...” in paragraph... refers to ． [图解技巧] 典例 In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Developing a serious mental disease.　　　　　　　 B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 【语境猜词】 ①broken ________________ ②lose one's mind __________ ③dry up _________________ ④translator ____________[translate v．翻译＋－or] ⑤pick up ____________[熟义：捡起，拾起] ⑥a string of ____________ [自我解答]　________ adj.出了毛病的 失去理智 干涸；枯萎 n.翻译家　 学会 一系列；一批 D [解析]　代词指代题。指示代词 that 通常用来指代上文提到的事情，画线代词位于第二段首句，因此将答案锁定在第一段。根据第一段尾句中的“he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea”可知，that 指代的是“写一篇关于咸海消失的文章”这件事。 考法3　句意理解题 [答题微点] ★设题特点：句意理解题一般出现在上下文有解释的、有特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后寻找，意义吻合是解题关键。 ★设问方式： 1．What does the underlined sentence in the second paragraph mean? 2．Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? [图解技巧] 　　典例　2024·全国甲卷·阅读理解B篇 Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it！ 26.Which best explains the phrase “take...up a notch” in paragraph 3? A．Perform appropriately.　　　　 B．Move faster.　　　　 C．Act strangely.　　　　 D．Do better. 【语境猜词】 ①adorable ________________________[adore v．热爱，爱慕＋－able] ②nature ________________[熟义：大自然] [自我解答]　________ adj.可爱的，讨人喜爱的 n.天性，本性 　D [解析]　句意猜测题。根据第三段中的“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit...”可知，狗经常从外面带回来物品，画线部分所在句的下文提到猫会给它们的主人带回礼物来表达它们对主人的爱，这是它们与生俱来的本能，由此可知，在从外面带回物品这方面，猫将这一行为提升到了一个更高的层次，do better与画线部分意思最接近，故选D。 随堂演练 A (2024·贵州贵阳市适应性考试)A new study estimates more than 1 billion people worldwide are currently living with obesity. People with obesity are considered medically overweight.The study，published in the medical publication The Lancet, said that one in eight people are obese.Researchers said around 43 percent of adults were overweight in 2022.Obesity among adults has more than doubled since 1990.Among young people aged 5 to 19，the obesity rate increased by four times during the same period. “A staggering number of people are living with obesity，and severe obesity is strongly linked to a long list of health problems and an early death，”declared the lead writer of the study，Majid Ezzati，a professor at Imperial College London. The WHO noted that at the World Health Assembly in 2022，member states agreed to an agency plan to fight obesity.So far，31 governments “are now leading the way” to reduce obesity by carrying out goals of the plan. These include government measures to enact new rules on “harmful” marketing of unhealthy food and drinks to children.In addition，governments are aiming to improve school and nutrition policies. They are also seeking price reductions for healthy foods to increase public awareness about healthy diets and exercise and to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools. Imperial College London's Ezzati said that obesity rates are not rising in many wealthier nations. But they are quickly increasing in other countries. He noted that some countries have many underweight people, meaning the nations are facing what he called a “double burden” of nutrition problems. Branca is head of nutrition at the WHO.He told reporters，“In the past，we have been thinking of obesity as a problem of the rich，but obesity is a problem of the world. Although new obesity drugs could be helpful tools in reducing obesity，they noted that the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，在全球范围内现有10亿多人肥胖。文章主要分析了肥胖这一社会性问题和采取的措施，以及应对肥胖时存在的问题等。 1．What does the underlined word “staggering” mean? A．Satisfying.　　　　　 B．Exciting. C．Astonishing. D．Puzzling. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。 根据第一段可知，世界上肥胖人数众多，有10亿多的人口肥胖，且肥胖率倍增了。由此可见，肥胖的人数是一个令人震惊的数字，故C项与画线词的意思最为接近。 2．What is included in the plan led by 31 governments? A．Setting laws to ban the sale of unhealthy food. B．Increasing the cost for people to consume healthy food. C．Attaching importance to physical activity. D．Offering lower-priced obesity drugs to people. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“to strengthen requirements for physical activity in schools(加强对学校体育活动的要求)”可知，31个政府领导的计划包括对体育锻炼的重视，故C项正确。文中的“strengthen requirements”与C项中的“Attaching importance”为同义转换。 3．What does Ezzati mean by mentioning the “double burden”？ A．Some countries are suffering both poverty and obesity. B．Some countries are suffering both poor nutrition and obesity. C．Obesity is common in both poor and wealthy countries. D．Obesity is a heavy burden for some countries. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段中该短语前面的“obesity rates...are quickly increasing in other countries. He noted that some countries have many underweight people”可知，其他国家的肥胖率迅速增加，一些国家还有很多体重不足的人，这些国家正在面临着被 Ezzati称为“double burden”的营养问题。由此可见，Ezzati 提到“double burden”的意思是一些国家可能同时遭遇营养不良和肥胖问题，故B项正确。 4．What is Branca's attitude to the obesity problem? A．Negative. B．Indifferent. C．Ambiguous. D．Optimistic. 答案：A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中Branca所说的“obesity is a problem of the world...the cost and availability of the drugs might increase inequality”可知，Branca认为肥胖是一个全球性问题，而减肥药的成本和可用性可能会增加不公平。由此可见，Branca对肥胖问题是持消极态度的，故A项正确。 B (2024·江苏南京、盐城二模)Since the last ice age, humans have cleared nearly half of the earth's forests and grasslands for agriculture.With the world population expanding，there's ever-increasing pressure on farmland to produce not only more food but also clean energy.In places such as Yakima County，Washington，it's created competition for space as land-hungry solar panels (太阳能电池板) consume available fields.Last month，the state approved plans to cover 1，700 acres of agricultural land with solar panels，fueling concerns over the long-term impacts of losing cropland. A recent study from the University of California，however，shows how farmers may soon harvest crops and energy together. One researcher, Majdi Abou Najm，explains that the visible light spectrum (光谱) can be separated into blue and red light waves, and their photons (光子) have different properties.Blue ones have higher energy than red ones.While that gives blue light what is needed to generate power, it also results in higher temperatures.“From a plant angle, red photons are the efficient ones，” says Abou Najm.“They don't make the plant feel hot.” A goal of the study is to create a new generation of solar panels. He sees potential in the organic solar cells，which come from carbon-based materials.Thin and transparent, the cells are applied like a film onto various surfaces.This new technology could be used to develop special solar panels that block blue light to generate power，while passing the red light on to crops planted directly below.These panels could also provide shade for heat-sensitive fruits during the hottest part of the day. “By 2050，we'll have two billion more people, and we'll need more food and more energy.By maximizing the solar spectrum，we're making full use of an endlessly sustainable resource，” says Abou Najm. “If a technology can develop these panels，then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员把太阳光分离成蓝光波和红光波，阻断蓝光波用于太阳能电池板的发电，同时又不影响红光波传导到电池板下面的植物上，这些红光波对植物生长有利。这解决了太阳能电池板和可耕种土地之间的空间竞争问题。 5．What problem does the first paragraph focus on? A．Losing cropland to solar panels. B．Distribution of the world population. C．Reduction in forests and grasslands. D．Competing for land between farmers. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。 根据第一段中的“it's created competition... fueling concerns over the long-term impacts of losing cropland.”可知，太阳能电池板消耗了可用的土地，这引发了对空间的竞争，政府批准用太阳能电池板覆盖1 700英亩耕地的计划，这加剧了人们对失去农田的长期影响的担忧。由此可知，第一段关注的是太阳能电池板导致耕地流失的问题。故选A。 6．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Generation of solar power. B．Hot weather increasing efficiency. C．Blue photons having higher energy. D．Separation of the visible light spectrum. 答案：C 解析：代词指代题。 根据第二段中的“Blue ones have higher energy than red ones.”可知，蓝色光子比红色光子具有更高的能量，that后表示提供给蓝光发电所需的东西。由此可推知，that指的就是蓝色光子具有更高能量这一情况。故选C。 7．What do we know about the organic solar cells? A．They make fruits heat-sensitive. B．They can cool down on hot days. C．They allow red light to pass through. D．They can store carbon-based materials. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This new technology could be used...crops planted directly below.”可知，这项新技术可以用于开发特殊的太阳能电池板，它可以阻挡蓝光以用于发电，同时将红光传递到直接种植在下面的作物上。由此可知，有机太阳能电池能够允许红光通过。故选C。 8．What does Abou Najm think of the future of the new solar panels? A．Limited.　　　　　　　 B．Promising. C．Uncertain. D．Challenging. 答案：B 解析：观点态度题。 根据最后一段中的“If a technology can develop these panels, then the sky is the limit on how efficient we can be.”可知，如果一项技术能够开发出这些电池板，那么天空就是我们效率的极限；再结合第三段中的“He sees potential in the organic solar cells”可推知，Abou Najm认为新型太阳能电池板是有前途的。故选B。 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 必备单词 obesity n．肥胖(症)　obese adj.虚胖的，病态肥胖的　enact v．通过(法律)；扮演　nutrition n．营养，滋养；营养学　availability n．可用性，可得性；空闲　inequality n．不平等，不平衡，不平均 必备短语 be linked to与……有关；与……有联系　attach importance to重视…… B篇 必备单词 land-hungry adj.渴求土地的　consume v．消耗，耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)　available adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的　approve v．批准，通过(计划、要求等)　generate v．产生；引起　potential n．潜力；可能性 transparent adj.透明的　limit n．极限；限度，限制 熟词生义 fuel常用义：n.燃料　文章义：v.加剧，增强 property常用义：n.所有物；财产　文章义：n.性质；特性[常用复数] film常用义：n.电影；胶片　文章义：n.薄薄的一层；薄膜 必备短语 fuel concerns over...加剧了对……的担忧　result in导致 精准补弱 补弱练12　词句猜测题——词义猜测题 A (2024·江西南昌一模)In 2022, the Colorado State Fair made headlines for unknowingly awarding first place to an artwork created with help from artificial intelligence. Now, officials with the fair have revised the contest's rules：Artists must claim whether they used AI to make their entries, reports John Wenzel. The saga (事件) began in August，when game designer Jason Allen won the top spot in the fair's digital art competition. When he shared his victory online, he mentioned that he'd used an AI program that turns text into images to help create his piece, titled Théâtre D'opéra Spatial. Allen maintained he was open about using AI from the beginning，though judges said they didn't know until after the fact. Either way, claim wasn't necessary at the time, meaning Allen never broke any rules. His victory was controversial—and now, as a result, officials have decided to tweak the submission requirements. At 2023 fair, which took place in Pueblo between August 26 and September 4, artists needed to “tell if their art or artwork was created using an Artificial Intelligence Generator”， according to the 2023 requirements. Allen wasn't happy about the new requirement, telling the media that it was essentially a “discriminatory mark” against AI artworks. Despite the change，he decided to submit once again to the digital art category. The fair's leaders say they plan to continue adapting as technology advances. As Scott Stoller, the fair's general manager, tells the media，the digital art category itself has only been around for a few decades.In the future, officials may even decide to add a separate AI category, depending on how popular tools become. “That's the beauty of art—that it's always evolving，” says Stoller.“Art can be anything, and anything can be made into art.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2022年科罗拉多州博览会因将数字艺术类头奖授予了一件由人工智能程序帮助制作而成的艺术作品而上了头条，一年后，官方修改了比赛规则，要求参赛艺术家必须声明他们是否使用了人工智能创作艺术作品，而人工智能创作的作品也激发了人们对未来艺术发展的思考。 1．What can be learned about Jason Allen? A．He designed an AI game program. B．He opposed the use of AI program. C．He made the rules of an art contest. D．He won first place in an art competition. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The saga began in August, when game designer Jason Allen won the top spot in the fair's digital art competition.”可知，Jason在科罗拉多州博览会的数字艺术竞赛中获得了第一名。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 2．What does the underlined word “tweak” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Select.　　　　　　 B．Revise. C．Continue. D．Create. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Now, officials with the fair have revised the contest's rules: Artists must claim whether they used AI to make their entries”和画线词后的“artists needed to ‘tell if their art or artwork was created using an Artificial Intelligence Generator’， according to the 2023 requirements”可知，该博览会的官方人员对作品的提交要求进行了修改。由此可知，画线词词义为“修改，稍稍调整”，B项含义与其相近。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 3．What's Stoller's attitude toward the AI artworks? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Approving. D．Dismissive. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第七段中的“‘That's the beauty of art—that it's always evolving，’ says Stoller. ‘Art can be anything, and anything can be made into art.’”可知，Stoller认为艺术总是在不断发展，并表示艺术可以是任何东西，任何东西都可以制作成艺术。由此可推知，他对人工智能艺术品持肯定态度。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．AI Artworks Rock the World B．AI Artworks Lead the Trend C．AI Artworks Face New Challenges D．AI Artworks Bring New Rules 答案：D 1 2 3 4 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，Jason使用人工智能创作的艺术作品在比赛中获得数字艺术类别的头奖，这一事件促使博览会在2023年修改了参赛规则，要求艺术家必须声明是否使用了人工智能创作艺术作品。由此可知，文章强调的是人工智能艺术品导致规则的改变，因此，D项适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·福建厦门高三质量检测一)When driving，Clara-Marina Martínez takes down any unusual behavior she sees on the road.She then feeds these into machine learning algorithms (算法), a form of AI, which are intended to produce a system reliable enough for a car to drive itself without any disturbance from the driver, and cope with all situations on the road. But this proves hard to achieve, carmakers choose to scale back many attempts to do so. In 2020, for instance, a ride-hailing service sold off its unit developing self-driving cars at a low price. Autonomous vehicles are boasted as being not just convenient but potentially safer.However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, machines are no exception. An American think tank calculates that to develop a system 20% safer than a human driver，a fleet of 100 self-driving cars would have to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, and cover 14 billion kilometers, at an average speed of 25 miles per hour，which would take about 400 years. Carmakers therefore accelerate the development process using simulators (模拟器).These teach software about danger only rarely encountered in reality. Dr. Martínez and her colleagues employ “game engines”，the programs that generate photorealistic images in computer games, to do this. These are used to create virtual worlds through which the software can drive. How quickly, if ever, all this will translate into reality remains to be seen. Both regulators and customers will need to overcome the doubt that a software driver really can be safer than human. From a famous company's point of view, though，there is one other relevant question. Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off what they regard as their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those boasting rights away? [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了开发自动驾驶汽车的问题及其对跑车市场的影响。 5．What do the underlined words “scale back” mean in paragraph 1? A．Make. B．Overlook. C．Encourage. D．Reduce. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“In 2020, for instance, a ride-hailing service sold off its unit developing self-driving cars at a low price.”可知，一个叫车服务公司以低价出售自动驾驶汽车研发部门是汽车制造商选择减少尝试自动驾驶汽车的一个例子，由此可推知，画线词词义为“减少”。故选D项。 5 6 7 8 6．The learning process of autonomous vehicles' safe driving can be described as ． A．time-consuming B．fast-paced C．thought-provoking D．well-designed 答案：A 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However, just as people take time to learn how to drive safely, machines are no exception...which would take about 400 years.”可知，自动驾驶汽车安全驾驶的学习过程是非常耗时的。故选A项。 5 6 7 8 7．What challenge do autonomous vehicles bring to the company mentioned in the last paragraph? A．Insuring the pleasure of driving. B．Making their sports cars affordable. C．Removing public doubts about privacy. D．Integrating game engines into their vehicles. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off...where software takes those boasting rights away？”可知，自动驾驶汽车在如何确保驾驶的乐趣方面会给该公司带来挑战。故选A项。 5 6 7 8 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Carmakers：Sports Cars at Risk B．Self-Driving Cars: Still Some Way to Go C．Simulators：The Core of Autonomous Vehicles D．Machine Learning Algorithms：The Arrival of AI 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，并根据最后一段中的“How quickly, if ever, all this will translate into reality remains to be seen.”以及“there is one other relevant question”可知，自动驾驶汽车仍需要不断改进，才能真正投入实践。由此可推知，B项(自动驾驶汽车：仍有一段路要走)最适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 C (2024·湖南九校联盟联考一)Digital reading appears to be destroying habits of “deep reading”. Astonishing numbers of people with years of schooling are in effect illiterate.Ljubljana Reading Manifesto (宣言) in October explains：“The digital field may promote more reading than ever in history，but it also offers many temptations to read in a superficial and scattered (零散的) manner—or even not to read at all.This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.” That's frightening, because “higher-level reading” has been essential to civilization. It enabled the enlightenment and an international increase in empathy.Without it，we would suffer a lot.As the Ljubljana Reading Manifesto notes，“As much as one-third of Europeans struggle even with lower-level reading skills. More than one-fifth of adults in the U．S.fall into the illiterate/functionally illiterate category.”Separately, post-pandemic reading scores for American 13-year-olds are the lowest in decades. And the Washington-based Center for Global Development recently estimated that literacy in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa among those with five years of schooling has decreased by 10% this past half century. Experts in the Ljubljana Reading Manifesto record the demerits of digital reading：“Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading.”When you read a book on paper, you can be entirely inside the experience, absorb hundreds of pages of details thoroughly and begin to capture the world's complexity. Online, says Maryanne Wolf of University of California, Los Angeles，we are “skimming，scanning，scrolling”. The medium is the message：Doing deep reading on your phone is as hard as playing tennis with your phone. Recently, a bright 11-year-old told me I was wasting time on books: He absorbed more information faster from Wikipedia. He had a point. But digital readers also absorb more misinformation and seldom absorb fine perspectives. In short，as professors from Northwestern University foresaw in 2005，we are returning to the days when only an elite (精英) “reading class” consumes long texts, which is worrying. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字阅读正在破坏“深度阅读”的现象和数字阅读的缺点，倡导人们“深度阅读”。 9．What's the influence of digital reading? A．Digital reading has solved the problem of illiteracy. B．Digital reading has lessened the practice of deep reading. C．Digital reading has made deep reading accessible to wider readers. D．Digital reading has aroused a greater appreciation of deep reading. 答案：B 9 10 11 12 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中《卢布尔雅那阅读宣言》提到的“The digital field...also offers many temptations to read in a superficial and scattered manner—or even not to read at all. This increasingly endangers higher-level reading.”可知，数字阅读在浅层阅读和零散阅读方面有很多诱惑，削弱了深度阅读。故选B项。 9 10 11 12 10．What is the purpose of the figures used about literacy? A．To display the popularity of digital reading. B．To highlight the advantages of deep reading. C．To present the unfavorable situation of literacy. D．To stress the illiterate's lower-level reading skills. 答案：C 9 10 11 12 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As much as one-third of Europeans struggle even with lower-level reading skills”和“More than one-fifth of adults in the U．S.fall into the illiterate/functionally illiterate category.”并结合“with five years of schooling has decreased by 10% this past half century”可知，作者列举这些数据是为了说明目前的读写情况不容乐观。故选C项。 9 10 11 12 11．What does the underlined word “demerits” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Effects. B．Depths. C．Features. D．Drawbacks. 答案：D 9 10 11 12 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“a decline of critical and conscious reading...”及“But digital readers also absorb more misinformation and seldom absorb fine perspectives.”可知，数字阅读使得人们的阅读能力下降，带来了许多弊端。由此可推知，画线词词义为“缺点”。故选D项。 9 10 11 12 12．What might be talked about in the following paragraph? A．Advantages of digital reading. B．Benefits of higher-level reading. C．Ways to encourage digital reading. D．Measures to practice deep reading. 答案：D 9 10 11 12 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，数字阅读对“深度阅读”具有一定的破坏性，目前的读写情况也令人担忧，所以要提倡深度阅读。由此可推知，下文可能会介绍练习深度阅读的方法。故选D项。 9 10 11 12 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 必备单词 unknowingly adv.不知情地　maintain v．坚持说；坚持认为　controversial adj.有争议的　submission n．提交(物)　category n．(人或事物的)类别，种类 熟词生义 around常用义：adv.大约；周围　文章义：adv.存在；出现 必备短语 artificial intelligence人工智能(AI)　turn...into...将……变为……　be made into被制成 B篇 必备单词 disturbance n．打扰，干扰　boast v．自夸　calculate v．计算；预测　accelerate v．加速；加快 熟词生义 feed常用义：v.喂养；供养　文章义：v.将(信息)输入(计算机) 必备短语 take down记录　sell off廉价出售　show off炫耀 B篇 长难句分析 Given that much of the reason for owning a sports car is for owners to show off what they regard as their driving skills, just how big a market will there be for a version where software takes those boasting rights away？ [分析]　本句是一个主从复合句。句中Given that表示“考虑到”，引导条件状语从句，从句中what引导宾语从句；主句中where引导定语从句。 [译文]　考虑到拥有跑车的主要原因是跑车主人想要炫耀他们自认为的驾驶技术，那么一个由软件夺走了这些炫耀的权利的版本会有多大的市场呢？ C篇 必备单词 illiterate adj.不识字的； 不会读写的　temptation n．诱惑；引诱　superficial adj.表面的； 肤浅的　enlightenment n．启发； 启迪　empathy n．同情；共鸣；同感　decrease v．减少　critical adj.批评的；批判性的　complexity n．复杂性　misinformation n．假消息，错误消息 必备短语 in effect事实上；实际上　in short简言之 C篇 长难句 分析 And the Washington-based Center for Global Development recently estimated that literacy in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa among those with five years of schooling has decreased by 10% this past half century. [分析]　句中that引导宾语从句，从句中with five years of schooling为介词短语作定语，修饰those。 [译文]　总部位于华盛顿的全球发展中心最近估计，在过去的半个世纪里，南亚和撒哈拉以南的非洲地区接受过五年教育的儿童的识字率下降了 10%。 补弱练13　词句猜测题——代词指代题 A (2024·浙江1月卷)When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”． As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside.My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady's managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that there are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turned into a “mini community library”：any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves, and return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection. For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn't bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheesy love stories. Then I noticed folk conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I've discovered some great books! If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己最后一次使用电话亭的经历，并发现家附近最后一个电话亭被改造成了“迷你社区图书馆”，为社区提供了新的价值。 1．What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer to? A．The play. B．The shared house. C．The sofa. D．The telephone box. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 解析：代词指代题。 根据第一段中的“I was conducting auditions for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.”和“I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ‘young professional’”可推断出，作者是在合租房里安排试演，为了给一些有天赋的演员留下深刻印象而将合租房布置了一番，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 2．Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A．To place an urgent call. B．To put up a notice. C．To shelter from the rain. D．To hold an audition. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。通读第二段可知，作者因扔垃圾而不小心被锁在了门外，但是幸运的是“there was a telephone box across the street”，因此作者在电话亭给房东打电话拿到了备用钥匙，才得以及时赶回家。由此可推断出，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话，故选A项。 1 2 3 4 3．What do we know about the “mini community library”？ A．It provides phone service for free. B．Anyone can contribute to its collection. C．It is popular among young readers. D．Books must be returned within a month. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“a ‘mini community library’： any passer-by can...or replace it with another title from their own collection”可知，任何路过的人都能用自己的另一本藏书来替换其中的一本书，也就是说任何人都可以为这个图书馆的藏书作出贡献，故选B项。 1 2 3 4 4．Why did the author start to use the “library”？ A．He wanted to borrow some love stories. B．He was encouraged by a close neighbour. C．He found there were excellent free books. D．He thought it was an ideal place for reading. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。 根据第四段可知，作者一开始认为这个“图书馆”里都是一些庸俗的爱情故事书，但后来却注意到那里有各种主题的大部头书，而且这些书都是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励作者尝试了许多自己通常不会考虑购买的书，并且发现了一些很棒的书。由此可知，作者因为发现那里有许多免费的好书，才转变之前的想法，开始使用这个“图书馆”。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·江苏南京学情调研)Getting rid of old tyres (轮胎) has long been a problem. Most are thrown into landfills or piled up in storage. Energy recovery is another common method. This involves burning tyres to generate electricity or heat for industries, but that produces planet-warming pollution; or we use them to repair roads, but chemicals from them might pollute the ground. Some firms, therefore, have begun exploring an alternative.One such firm is Wastefront, which owns a big tyre-recycling plant in northeast England.In a couple of years, it will be able to turn 8 million old tyres into new products, including a black liquid called TDO (轮胎衍生油). The process works by deconstructing a tyre into steel, rubber, and carbon black. After tearing down the steel, the remaining material is exposed to high temperatures in the absence of air to make the rubber change into a mix of hydrocarbon gases, and then they're removed. What is left behind is pure carbon black.Once the removed gases cool down, a part of them liquefy into TDO.The remaining gases are to be burned to fuel the process.This creates a closed-cycle system that prevents emissions (排放物). The carbon black can be reused to make new tyres. That is of interest to tyre-makers because it helps efforts to become carbon-neutral—achieving a balance between the amounts of carbon dioxide produced and the carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere. Producing new carbon black requires burning heavy oil or coal, which releases plenty of greenhouse gases. The recovered TDO is well-suited for making diesel (柴油).While not completely carbon neutral, it does produce an 80%-90% reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide, compared with the conventional fuel.The future market for such cleaner fuels will remain large, even though electric vehicles are on the rise.Fossil-fuelled vehicles will exist for decades, particularly the big burners of diesel trucks, which are harder to electrify.The fuel is also needed by trains and ships.So, anything that helps clean up overall emissions is useful—especially if it also eases a mountainous waste problem. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。Wastefront发明了一种回收利用废旧轮胎的新技术。与传统的燃烧技术不同，这种技术在封闭的内循环系统下使用，能提取制造新轮胎所需要的炭黑，同时又保护了环境。 5．What's the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To analyze causes. B．To present problems. C．To reach solutions. D．To make comparisons. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Getting rid of old tyres has long been a problem.”可知，文章第一段旨在提出问题：摆脱旧轮胎一直是个问题。接着该段说明了传统技术对于解决这一问题的局限性：燃烧轮胎为工业发电或供热会产生污染；将其用来修路会污染土地。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 6．What can be inferred about the tyre-recycling process? A．Air boosts the burning of the old tyres. B．The remaining gases are emitted into the air. C．Pure carbon black is an unprocessed substance. D．TDO comes from the removed hydrocarbon gases. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Once the removed gases cool down, a part of them liquefy into TDO.”可知，被除去的气体一旦冷却下来，其中一部分就会液化成TDO。据此可以判断，TDO来自被去除的碳氢化合物气体，故D项正确。 5 6 7 8 7．Why are tyre-makers interested in tyre-recycling? A．They hope to gain financial rewards. B．It helps reduce greenhouse emissions. C．It helps improve production efficiency. D．They hope to expand the future market. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，轮胎制造商对这种轮胎回收技术感兴趣是因为其有助于实现碳中和，即在产生的二氧化碳量和从大气中去除的二氧化碳量之间取得平衡；而生产新的炭黑需要燃烧重油或煤，这会释放出大量的温室气体。由此可知，轮胎制造商感兴趣的原因是这种轮胎回收技术有助于减少温室气体的排放，故B项正确。 5 6 7 8 8．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Diesel made from TDO. B．Clean electric energy. C．The carbon neutral process. D．The recovered TDO from old tyres. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 解析：代词指代题。 根据画线词前的“The recovered TDO is well-suited for making diesel.”可知，回收的TDO非常适合用于制造柴油。结合画线词所在的句子可知，虽然不是完全碳中和，但与传统燃料相比，它确实能减少80%-90%的二氧化碳排放量。据此可知，it指代上句中所提及的由TDO制造的柴油燃料，故A项正确。 5 6 7 8 C (2024·湖南长沙期中)For the rapidly decreasing number of Americans who've never heard of pickleball, the little-known paddleball game is one of America's fastest-growing sports. Invented in 1965 by three middle-aged fathers in Washington State，pickleball is an odd cross among tennis, ping-pong and badminton, played with a paddle and a perforated (穿孔的) plastic ball. The founders are said to have named the game after a family dog called Pickles. Most of pickleball's core players—those who play more than eight times per year—are over age 65, but the game is getting younger, with the strongest growth among players under 55, according to USA Pickleball. But with so many new players, the US is struggling to keep up with the demand for courts. The country has only about 10，000 places to play, by USA Pickleball's count, but that continues to grow by several dozen every month. Pickleball is also fast becoming a spectator sport (观赏性体育运动). Its first professional tournament, the Professional Pickleball Association (PPA) Tour, was formed in 2018 and the professional players are being able to really become celebrities and spotlights. Traditional broadcasters' interest in the sport is growing. So far, pickleball fans can watch amateur and professional matches on sports or social channels, mostly online. “The ability for a sport to find an audience quickly via social media is unprecedented (前所未有的)，” says Ben Shields, who lectures at MIT Sloan School of Management and studies the sports industry. Shields adds that pickleball still needs a famous star to draw in wider audiences, who has been the key to success for other sports leagues—that also started with grassroots and unusual names. “I think if pickleball, in its own humble way, can continue to grow its participation and find ways to make the sport an appealing fan product, who knows, 10 or 20 years later, it could be a big competitor in the global sports industry.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国快速发展的运动项目——匹克球。 9．What do we know about the pickleball game from the text? A．It was named after a dog. B．It is popular among young kids. C．It's a cross between tennis and volleyball. D．It was invented by three ordinary women. 答案：A 9 10 11 12 解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“The founders are said to have named the game after a family dog called Pickles.”可知，匹克球运动是以一条狗的名字命名的，故选A。 9 10 11 12 10．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to? A.The playing time. B．The form of matches. C．The number of courts. D．The participation rate. 答案：C 9 10 11 12 解析：代词指代题。 根据画线词前的“The country has only about 10，000 places to play，by USA Pickleball's count”可知，这个国家只有大约1万个匹克球运动场地，再根据画线词后的“continues to grow”可推知，此处指的是“比赛场地的数量”，即比赛场地的数量继续以每个月几十个的速度增长，故选C。 9 10 11 12 11．Which best describes “a famous star” to pickleball according to Ben Shields? A．Humble.　　　　　 B．Inflexible. C．Harmful. D．Influential. 答案：D 9 10 11 12 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Shields adds that pickleball still needs a famous star to draw in wider audiences”可知，“a famous star”的作用是吸引更多的观众，所以推测“a famous star”对于匹克球运动而言应该是具有很大影响力的，故选D。 9 10 11 12 12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The History of Pickleball B．The Growing Popularity of Pickleball C．The Rise and Fall of Pickleball D．The Rules of Playing Pickleball 答案：B 9 10 11 12 解析：标题归纳题。 通读全文可知，文章第一段首先引出了匹克球这项运动在美国发展很快，第二段介绍了匹克球的起源，接着介绍了这项运动的发展和前景。所以文章主要围绕“匹克球运动的快速发展”这个主题展开，故B项是最佳标题。 9 10 11 12 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 必备单词 shelter v．躲避　conduct v．组织，安排　assume v．假定，认为　cheesy adj.劣质的，廉价的　voluminous adj.浩繁的，长篇的，大部头的　entertain v．使有兴趣，娱乐 熟词生义 throw 常用义：v.投，掷　文章义：n.(沙发等的)套，罩 title 常用义：n.标题　文章义：n.(书的)一种，一本 experiment 常用义：n.实验，试验　文章义：v.试，尝试 必备短语 shelter from躲避(风雨或危险)　swing shut关上(指门或窗等被推或拉后自动关闭)　put...through to...给……接通(电话)　price point价格点　dozens of很多，许多 B篇 必备单词 alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的　liquid n．液体　process n．步骤，过程　deconstruct vt.解构 熟词生义 plant常用义：n.植物　文章义：n.工厂；发电厂 必备短语 pile...up把……堆放起来　in storage贮藏　a couple of几个；两个　tear down拆除，拆毁　be exposed to接触到；暴露于　in the absence of缺乏，不存在 C篇 必备单词 demand n．需要，需求　professional adj.职业的，专业的　celebrity n．名人，名流　amateur adj.业余的 必备短语 name...after...以……为……命名　keep up with跟上　draw in sb.吸引某人 补弱练14　词句猜测题——句意理解题 A (2024·湖北十一校联考)As night falls on the streets of Shanghai, Mikiko Chen can often be found pacing up and down through the winding narrow streets of the city hunting for discarded items. “I pick up all sorts of things, chairs, wine boxes, bowls and cups...It's like a treasure hunt for me，” she says. The 27-year-old digital marketer is among the first adopters of “stooping” in China, a practice that refers to picking up discarded furniture and other goods on the streets for reuse. She says the concept of “stooping” was inspired by New Yorkers who often leave unwanted things on the “stoops”—or doorsteps—leading up to the entrances of buildings. “The core concept of stooping for me is to make the best use of things，” Ms. Chen says. “It can help you to save money, but it's not just about lowering consumption. It's wasteful to throw away something that's still usable; it's better to share it with others who need it.” Ms.Chen says she was among the first to use the hashtag (话题标记) # stooping in the media.“I initially started with posting items that people no longer used and wanted to throw away or exchange...Gradually I'm receiving hundreds of messages each day，”she says. Since then, the trend has become increasingly popular. Ms.Chen says she is “very surprised” the concept has become a hit on social media, as older generations often stigmatize picking up things on the street or using second-hand goods．“People like my mum consider stooping as ‘rubbish picking’and ‘scavenging’ (拾荒)，”she says. “She thinks that people will look down on you for doing this.” For Nan Zheng, an environmentalist and advocate, stooping is more than the physical act of picking up things on the streets.He created an app called “Grecycle” where people can give away or take unwanted items for free. “I think we can let more people know about the concept of stooping as an interesting and fun thing to do，” Mr.Zheng says. “But then, gradually we can let people know this can also be about charity and helping others.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章以Mikiko Chen为例展示了中国年轻人积极尝试“stooping”的社会现象。 1．What can we learn about Mikiko Chen from paragraphs 2 and 3? A．She is hunting for costly treasures. B．She just wants to reduce consumption. C．She got inspiration from Americans. D．She intends to make the most of throwaway items. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The 27-year-old digital marketer is among the first adopters...other goods on the streets for reuse.”和第三段中的“The core concept of stooping for me is to make the best use of things”可知，Mikiko Chen是中国首批“stooping”的实践者之一，“stooping”指的是在街上捡起被丢弃的家具和其他物品重新利用。对Mikiko Chen来说，stooping的核心概念是充分利用这些东西。故选D。 1 2 3 4 2．Why did Mikiko Chen use the hashtag # stooping in the media? A．To collect a variety of messages. B．To go viral on social media. C．To share something still usable with others. D．To throw away unwanted things on the “stoops”． 答案：C 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I initially started with posting items that people no longer used and wanted to throw away or exchange”可知，一开始，Mikiko Chen把人们不再使用、想要扔掉或交换的东西发布在网上；再结合第三段中的“It's wasteful...others who need it.”可知，她这样做是为了与他人分享一些仍然可用的东西。故选C。 1 2 3 4 3．What does the underlined part in paragraph 5 probably mean? A．The older generations are ashamed of stooping. B．The older generations are skilled at stooping. C．The older generations are exposed to stooping. D．The older generations are addicted to stooping. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 解析：句意理解题。分析句子结构，再结合语境可知，此处as引导原因状语从句。画线部分前讲到Mikiko Chen“非常惊讶”这个概念在社交媒体上成为热门话题，故画线部分应是对此的原因解释；再根据下文的“People like my mum consider stooping as ‘rubbish picking’ and ‘scavenging’”和“She thinks that people will look down on you for doing this.”可知，Mikiko Chen说，像她妈妈这样的人认为stooping就是“捡垃圾”和“拾荒”，人们会因为你这么做而看不起你。由此可推知，画线部分应该表示老一辈的人通常会对在街上捡东西或使用二手商品感到羞耻。故选A。 1 2 3 4 4．What is Nan Zheng's true intention of creating the app “Grecycle”？ A．Recycling discarded things on the streets. B．Getting unwanted items for free on “Grecycle”． C.Exchanging items through “Grecycle”． D．Enhancing people's awareness of charity. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He created an app called ‘Grecycle’．..‘But then，gradually we can let people know this can also be about charity and helping others.’”可知，Nan Zheng创建了一款名为“Grecycle”的应用程序，他认为，我们可以让更多的人知道stooping这一概念是一件有趣又好玩的事情。渐渐地，我们可以让人们知道，这也可以是关于慈善和帮助他人的活动。故选D。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·吉林长春质量监测一)Halloran has loved mountains since she was five or six, when her mother took her to Ireland during the summer holidays.They lived there overlooking Annascaul Lake on the Dingle Peninsula.“It's a lovely viewpoint. I used to sit there as a child.I loved the freedom of going up the mountain alone, when I was nine or ten.I cried for days before going back to London because I felt I would be in a rabbit hutch(笼).” For Halloran, life had settled into a comfortable rhythm. But then her four-year-old son died in a car accident; six years later, her husband also passed away.After the loss, she became a workaholic.She went into the office at 5 a．m., and worked until 10 p．m., which was her stability.And it was time to make a change. One day last September, Ann Halloran made her way to her nearest bus stop in Hove, East Sussex.She had done plenty of travelling but, at 65, was setting off alone on her first backpacking adventure. Somewhere between her first stop in Türkiye and her final destination—a yoga retreat (僻静处) in Mazunte, Mexico—she found a new perspective. In Nepal, climbing the 5，357m Gokyo Ri in the Himalayas, Halloran broke her walking stick.She has osteoporosis (骨质疏松症), which makes bones more likely to break, so the stick was essential in the mountains.Losing it was a blow, but she found reserves of inner strength. Now, she says, “Whenever I get scared, I think of myself on top of that mountain, looking out over the Gokyo Lakes—and beyond that, Mount Qomolangma.I say, if you can do that, you can do anything.” Since the backpacking adventure, she has understood more fully the role that work played in her life for so long.“Work was reliable. I knew what I was doing，”she says.“I've just realised in this yoga retreat that I have to let go of all that.The penny is dropping for me now．” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。Halloran小时候便喜欢爬山的自由自在感。在遭遇儿子和丈夫去世的打击后，为转移注意力，她成了工作狂。一次偶然的机会，她攀登喜马拉雅山，看到了美丽的山景，明白了要放下一切的道理。 5．Why did Halloran cry before returning to London? A．Because she didn't enjoy living alone. B．Because she was unwilling to live with rabbits. C．Because she wasn't used to travelling for a long time. D．Because she couldn't bear to part from the freedom in the mountain. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I loved the freedom of going up the mountain alone...because I felt I would be in a rabbit hutch.”可知，Halloran喜欢独自爬山的自由自在感；当她不得不离开群山重返伦敦时，感觉自己将失去自由，像一只被困在笼中的兔子，所以哭了。故D项正确。 5 6 7 8 6．What made Halloran a workaholic? A．Her desire to earn more. B．Her goal to settle comfortably. C．Her wish to overcome sorrow. D．Her plan to save money for travelling. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Halloran四岁的儿子死于一场车祸；六年后，她的丈夫也去世了。自此，她成了一个工作狂。由此可推知，是极度的悲伤让Halloran成了一个工作狂，故选C项。 5 6 7 8 7．What can we draw from Halloran's experience in Nepal? A．It is never too old to learn. B．An idle youth, a needy age. C．East or west, home is the best. D．Success belongs to the persevering. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。 本文第四段叙述了Halloran攀登到喜马拉雅山的5 357米高处时拐棍断了，由于她患有骨质疏松症，对她来说失去很重要的拐棍是个打击，但她凭借内心的力量支撑下来了。结合第五段她所说的话“Whenever I get scared...can do anything.”可知，每当她感到害怕的时候，就会想到自己站在山顶的情景，她相信，如果能征服山巅，那就能做到任何事情。这说明爬山经历比较艰难。由此可推知，成功属于坚持不懈的人。故选D项。A项“活到老，学到老”，B项“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲”，C项“东好西好，还是自己的家最好”。 5 6 7 8 8．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A．Money is not necessary for Halloran any more. B．Halloran has realized something more meaningful. C．Halloran will make a tighter budget for her next trip. D．Nothing can be equal to Halloran's salary from work. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：句意理解题。根据最后一段中的“Since the backpacking...in her life for so long.”可知，自那次背包旅行后，Halloran更加充分地理解了工作在她生命中扮演的角色；结合最后一段中的“I've just realised in this yoga retreat that I have to let go of all that.”可知，在静修处她感悟到了必须放下一切的道理。据此可以推知，画线句的言下之意是她意识到了人生中有更有意义的事情，故B项正确。 5 6 7 8 C (2024·江苏南京六校联合调研)On an extremely cold December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little town of Manton, Michigan and shot to Chittle's home.Was it because of a fire or a child climbing too high to a dangerous place? Rather, it was for helping make a dream come true. Outdoor activities and a slow pace of life are a mainstay in this rural town. When people were unable to leave the community, Scott Chittle decided they needed a safe place to come together and something joyful during the winter months.And what is a better outdoor activity to get people outside than ice skating? To fulfil his dream，Chittle downloaded instructions on how to build an ice rink and then ordered a 3，000 square feet waterproof cloth and some wood to create the walls online. It took 12 fire trucks to get enough water to fill the plot. It took a little time and some neighborly persuasion as Chittle went door to door to convince people to come to see his creation, and soon Chittle's backyard ice rink became a Manton hot spot. Children were skating and shooting, a fire was burning, and hot chocolate was steaming in to-go cups.“When things were tough, it was a place，” says Chittle's neighbor Audrey Hooker.“It was fantastic because we just came together and became calm and happy instead of being concerned.” But the goodwill didn't stop with Chittle. When the community heard how much money he used to make this project happen, everyone stepped forward. A fundraiser brought in about $1，300, and letters flooded to Chittle's home stuffed with cash.“Almost 30 complete strangers knocked on my door just to shake my hand and say thank you, most of them handing me money as well and three asking for a hug，”says Chittle. “This has been a community thing.It's more than me.I want to show the rest of the world what a little effort and the best intentions can do.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Scott Chittle决定建造溜冰场，以供社区居民进行户外活动的故事。 9．Why did fire trucks come to Manton? A．To deal with an emergency. B．To send water to the community. C．To ensure people's safety in the town. D．To help with Chittle building the ice rink. 答案：D 9 10 11 12 解析：推理判断题。 根据文章第一段第一句可知，在12月的一个晚上，消防车到达了密歇根州沉睡的曼顿小镇，冲向了Chittle的家。结合第二段最后一句“And what is a．..people outside than ice skating？”和第三段最后一句“It took 12 fire trucks to get enough water to fill the plot.”可知，在12月的一个晚上，消防车赶往Manton，帮助Chittle修建溜冰场。故选D。 9 10 11 12 10．What did Chittle do to carry out his project? A．He persuaded his neighbors to make donations. B．He purchased a piece of land behind his house. C．He turned to the Internet for tips and materials. D．He researched the popular lifestyles in Manton. 答案：C 9 10 11 12 解析：细节理解题。 根据第三段中的“To fulfill his...create the walls online.”可知，为了实现他的梦想，Chittle下载了如何建造溜冰场的说明，然后在网上订购了3 000平方英尺的防水布和一些木头来建造墙壁。据此可知，为了实现建溜冰场这一梦想，Chittle在网上下载了建造教程并购买了所需材料。故选C。 9 10 11 12 11．How did the ice rink affect the community? A．It made the community popular in Manton. B．It slowed down the pace of the residents' life. C．It offered people there comfort and company. D．It inspired the residents to do outdoor activities. 答案：C 9 10 11 12 解析：推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段中的“When things were tough，it was a place”可知，当形势艰难时，它是一个可以让人们聚集的地方；结合该段的“It was fantastic because we just came together and became calm and happy instead of being concerned.”可知，在形势艰难时，Chittle建的溜冰场成了一个让人们可以聚在一起感到平静和快乐的地方。由此可推断，Chittle建的溜冰场给社区居民带来了慰藉和陪伴。故选C。 9 10 11 12 12．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A．Everyone could make a difference to society. B．Chittle received acts of kindness from others. C．The community got better due to the ice rink. D．Chittle had goodwill to the whole community. 答案：B 9 10 11 12 解析：句意理解题。根据上文提到的Chittle为社区建溜冰场和画线句后的“When the community...stuffed with cash.”可知，当社区里的人们听说他花了多少钱来实现这个项目时，每个人都挺身而出。一场筹款活动带来了大约1 300美元的收入，人们给Chittle家里寄去了装满现金的信件。据此可知，画线部分表示善意并没有在Chittle这里终止，Chittle收到了其他人的善意。故选B。 9 10 11 12 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 必备单词 winding adj.蜿蜒的，曲折的　discard v．丢弃，抛弃　item n．一件商品(或物品)　trend n．趋势，倾向　advocate n．拥护者；提倡者 熟词生义 hit 常用义：v.打，击　文章义：n.很受欢迎的人(或事物) 必备短语 pace up and down来回踱步　make the best use of充分利用　look down on看不起　give away赠送 B篇 必备单词 viewpoint n．观点，看法；角度　rhythm n．规则变化，规律；节奏，韵律；律动　adventure n． 冒险；冒险经历，奇遇　perspective n．态度，观点；思考方法；透视法　essential adj.必不可少的，极其重要的；本质的；基本的；根本的 必备短语 pass away去世，逝世；消失，消逝　make one's way to在去……的路上　set off出发，启程，动身 C 篇 必备单词 pace n．步速，(移动的)速度；发生的速度，节奏；一步　rural adj.农村的，乡村的；有乡村特色的　download v．下载　waterproof adj.防水的 熟词生义 rather常用义：adv.相当，在某种程度上　文章义：adv.更确切地讲，更准确地说 必备短语 come true成为现实 $$