题型一 第三讲 主旨大意题-【优化探究】2025年高考英语二轮复习高考总复习配套课件

第三讲　主旨大意题 主旨大意题虽然比重不高，但难度较大，是考生容易失分的题型，因为该类试题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的认知。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中抽取、提炼一些关键词和主干句来进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。所以，遇到主旨大意题时切勿草率作答，一定要读完、读通文章后再作判定。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 考法3 　段落大意题——首尾兼顾定段意　 随堂演练 考法2 文章大意题——整体理解定主旨 考法1 标题归纳题——精准概括定标题 精准补弱 考法1标题归纳题——精准概括定标题 [答题微点] ★设题特点：标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握文章主旨、理解文章中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出文章的标题。 ★设问方式： 1．Which is the best title for the text? 2．Which of the following can be the best/most suitable title for the text? 3．What is/can be a suitable title for the text? [图解技巧] 一、运用4种方法解题 二、结合3大特点解题 三、排除3种错误选项 　　典例　2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B篇 Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is，says Abby Jaramillo，who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts，a school garden program at four low-income schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills，environmental awareness，and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful，dirt is awful，insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts' classes，at two middle schools and two high schools，include hands-on experiments such as soil testing，flower-and-seed dissection，tastings of fresh or dried produce，and work in the garden.Several times a year，students cook the vegetables they grow，and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside，” she says，“and they feel successful.” 27．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Rescuing School Gardens　　　　　　　　　　　　B．Experiencing Country Life C．Growing Vegetable Lovers D．Changing Local Landscape 【语境猜词】 ①outnumber ______________________[out－＋number n．数量] ②literally _____________________________ ③turn off 生义：_____________________ ④dissection __________[dis－＋section n．切片] ⑤evaluation ________________[evaluate v．评价＋－ion] [自我解答]　________ v.数目超过，比……多 adv.真正地，确实地 使厌烦；使失去兴趣　 n.解剖 n.评价，评估 C [解析]　标题归纳题。本文各段主要内容：Para.1：Abby Jaramillo发起Urban Sprouts项目及该项目的目的；Para.2：项目发起背景及孩子们最初的态度；Para.3：孩子们参与项目的具体活动介绍；Para.4-5：项目带来的影响——孩子们爱上种菜并种植自己的菜园。由上述分析可知，文章介绍了学校园艺项目的发起以及给参与该项目的孩子们带来的积极影响——爱上种菜并种植自己的菜园。C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文义。 考法2　文章大意题——整体理解定主旨 [答题微点] ★设题特点：文章大意题主要考查考生对一篇文章的整体理解，要求考生具备在速读中准确掌握全文主旨的能力。考生需要在理解全文内容的基础上，通过归纳概括、推理判断等逻辑思维活动，概括出全文主旨。 ★设问方式： 1．What is the main theme/topic/idea of this text? 2．What is the text mainly about? 3．What does the text mainly focus on? 4．What does the story mainly tell us?   [图解技巧] 体裁/串线法定主旨 主旨句不明确时，宜用串线法 典例　2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇 We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family.Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored.Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 31．What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF's major strengths.　　　　　　　　　　　 B．BMF's general management. C．BMF's global influence. D．BMF's technical standards. 【语境猜词】 ①cover __________________[熟义：v.覆盖] ②solid ________________[熟义：adj.固体的] ③innovative ________________[innovate v．创新；改革＋－ive] ④fresh greens ________________ ⑤automated ___________________ ⑥pre－seeded ___________________[pre－＋seed v．播种＋－ed] ⑦live out _______________ [自我解答]　________ v.行走(一段路程) adj.可靠的 adj.创新的　 新鲜青菜 adj.自动化的 adj.提前置入种子的 实践，践行 A [解析]　文章大意题。本文第一段以新鲜食物的重要性及商店农产品运输的问题导入，引出BMF，指出其可缩短运输路程的优势；第二段强调BMF通过创新设计，能保证新鲜蔬菜供应；第三段详细说明BMF依靠新技术，操作很便捷；第四段指出其在可持续发展方面的优势；第五段介绍其员工具有很强的环保意识。故整篇文章围绕BMF的优势展开介绍。 考法3　段落大意题——首尾兼顾定段意 [答题微点] ★设题特点：段落大意题主要考查考生对段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落内容的基础上提炼出核心信息，然后比对选项，选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。 ★设问方式： 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? 2．What is the first paragraph mainly about? 3．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? [图解技巧] 一、排除3种干扰项 二、首尾兼顾定段意 　　典例　2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B篇 Leigh Tindale's dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dog's suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. 26.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment.　　　　　　　　　 B．The complexity of veterinarians' work. C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 【语境猜词】 ①condition ____________[熟义：n.状态，状况] ②put...to sleep ______________________________ [自我解答]　________ n.疾病 给(患病动物)实施安乐死 D [解析]　段落大意题。本段主要介绍了两个动物经过Farber的治疗后，病情有所好转。由此可知，本段主要介绍了Farber的“针灸、按摩疗法、草药和传统西医治疗相结合”的整体医学所取得的效果。故选D。   随堂演练 A (2024·山西太原一模)It was not until photographer Rita Nannini left New York that she grew fascinated by the city's subways.While living in Manhattan for some 15 years in the 1980s and early 1990s，Nannini only commuted (通勤) on the one train，given the subway system's bad reputation. But after relocating to New Jersey for several years where the subway is not an option，Nannini found that absence did make the heart grow fonder—maybe even for pizza rats. During her visit back to New York, Nannini nodded，noticing improvements in the subway's facilities. While Nannini was waiting for a train, a bench on the platform opposite caught her attention due to the ever-changing faces and characters.They were people of different accents，colors and beliefs.They were from all walks of life，a diverse mix of New Yorkers all there for their own different reasons. Having learned the teenagers' popular “End of the Line” challenge—boarding trains at random and riding them until their final destinations, Nannini decided to visit every first and last stop across the NY subway's lines with her beloved camera. Nannini's “End of the Line” experience saw her traveling some 665 miles across 26 routes in New York city. She took over 8，000 photos of the final stations, as well as the communities they served. In many cases，she rode the routes two or three times over to ensure she got “the shot”．“The project really shows me how important the subway is，and how sustainable it makes our lives，” she said. “It's often said that my photos show the end of the lines—the last stops，” she said.“But the end of the line is indeed the start for so many people. That made me think about who the people and the communities that live at the two ends are and what it is that the subway means to them.” Nannini was proud of her set of images directly challenging the traditions of storytelling, which echoed both the boredom and excitement of travel on tracks. Nannini enjoyed taking her time, starting her challenge in 2013 and only shooting the final photos last year. Her first monograph on the terminals of the NY subway was released in April 2023. “When you drive in the suburbs，you don't have those encounters，”she continued.“People enter your life on the subway. That's what strikes me most on my journey on tracks.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师Rita Nannini重回纽约后，对纽约地铁的态度的转变过程。 1．How did Nannini find the New York subway during her revisit? A．It turned out fine. B．It was depressing. C．It still held the same bad reputation. D．It would be her only commuting option. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“During her visit back to New York, Nannini nodded, noticing improvements in the subway's facilities.”可知，在她重回纽约之后，Nannini对纽约地铁的设施改进表示赞赏。由此可推知，她重返纽约后对地铁感到满意。故选A项。本题应注意题干中的关键词“revisit”。 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The diversity of New Yorkers' daily life. B．The inspiration for Nannini's subway shots. C．The popularity of “End of the Line” challenge. D．The challenges of Nannini's job as a photographer. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段可知，当她等火车的时候，那些等车的人吸引了她的注意力。并且，青少年中流行的坐火车的方式激起了她的好奇心，所以她决定带上相机，开始坐纽约地铁从第一站到最后一站。故选B项。 3．What can we infer from Nannini's “End of the Line” experience? A．Her way of telling stories is traditional. B．She expressed sympathy for the subway riders. C．Her photography is highly expected by the encounters. D．She found life on tracks was more interesting than life on wheels. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第六段可推断，她认为开车的话就不会遇到这些在地铁上偶遇的事情，当你坐地铁的时候，人们会进入你的生活，这是她坐地铁最大的感悟。故选D项。 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．“End of the Line” Challenge：A New Trend in the NY Subway B．The Road Home：Rita Nannini's Record of Her Subway Ride C．Last Stop to New Start：A Photographer's Rediscovery of the NY Subway D．New Yorkers' Routine：A Surprising Mixture of Boredom and Excitement 答案：C 解析：标题归纳题。文章介绍了摄影师Nannini对纽约地铁态度的改观，还提到了她从第一站坐到最后一站，拍下最后一站的经历，同时提及她对“地铁终点站也是始发站”这一观点的思考。由此可知，本文围绕摄影师Nannini对纽约地铁的新发现展开。故选C项。 B (2024·吉林长春三模)The news is everywhere. We can't stop constantly checking it on our computer screens，but what is this doing to our minds? The news is committed to laying before us whatever is supposed to be most unusual and important in the world：a snowfall in the tropics；a love child of the president；a set of conjoined (连体的) twins. The news knows how to operate its own mechanics almost invisible and therefore hard to question. It speaks to us in a natural unaccented voice, without reference to its own perspective. It fails to disclose that it does not merely report on the world, but is instead constantly at work crafting a new planet in our minds in line with its own often highly distinctive priorities. Why do we，the audience，keep checking the news? Fear has a lot to do with it. After even a short period of being cut off from news，our anxiety has a habit of building up. We know how much is likely to go wrong and how fast：an A380 may have its fuel line cracked and crash into the bay in flames，a virus from an African bat may leap the species barrier and enter a crowded Japanese commuter train, and investors may pose a run on the currency. The hum and rush of the news have flowed into our deepest selves.What an achievement a moment of calm now is，what a miracle the ability to fall asleep or to talk undistracted with a friend is and what demanding discipline would be required to make us turn away from the messy news and listen for a day to nothing but the rain and our own thoughts.We may need some help with what the news is doing to us：with the envy and the terror，with the excitement and the frustration；with all that we've been told and yet occasionally suspect we may be better off never having learned. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。新闻无处不在。我们无法停止在电脑屏幕上不断查看它，但这对我们的思想有什么影响呢？ 5．What does news offer us according to the text? A.Its operating system. B．Its preferred world. C．Normal happenings worldwide. D．Objective points of view. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It fails to disclose that...crafting a new planet in our minds in line with its own often highly distinctive priorities.”可知，新闻一直按照自己非常独特的优先事项，在我们脑中构建一个新的星球。因此，新闻构建的世界是有它自己的优先事项的，即它更偏爱的世界。故选 B项。 6．People keep checking news because they are ． A．worried about losing contact with updates B．anxious about building up a habit C．curious about an African virus in Japan D．interested in strangers' extraordinary lives 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Why do we, the audience, keep checking the news? Fear has a lot to do with it.”可知，我们观众不断查看新闻和恐惧有很大关系；再结合第四段中的“After even a short period of being cut off from news, our anxiety has a habit of building up.”可知，即使是在短时间与新闻隔绝之后，我们的焦虑也会习惯性地积累起来。由此可知，人们因害怕不知道最新消息而连续不断地刷新闻。故选A项。 A项中的worried 和 losing contact分别是原文中的fear和 being cut off的同义转换。 7．Which of the following statements will the writer approve of? A．Talking with a friend is remarkable. B．Listening to natural songs is absolutely impossible. C．Preventing envy and terror is realistic. D．Staying clear of the media is beneficial. 答案：D 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的末句可知，作者认为我们可能需要一些帮助来了解新闻对我们的影响和我们被告知的所有事情，但我们偶尔觉得我们最好不要了解这些事情，即远离新闻是有益的。故选D项。 8．What's the main idea of the text? A．News is transforming our lifestyle secretly. B．News is becoming a user's manual. C．News is filling us with growing fear. D．News is enriching our life dramatically. 答案：B 解析：文章大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“but what is this doing to our minds”可知，本文从新闻的运行方式、用户刷新闻的原因等方面来探讨新闻对我们思想的影响，说明人们正在新闻的指引下生活，即新闻正在成为一本用户手册。故选B项。 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 必备单词 fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的　relocate v．搬迁　reputation n．名誉，名声　monograph n．专题文章，专著　terminal n．终点站　encounter n．& v．偶遇，邂逅 熟词生义 shot常用义：n.射击，开枪　文章义：n.照片 strike常用义：v.打，击　文章义：v.突然想到，一下子想起；打动 A 篇 必备短语 catch one's attention引起某人的注意　all walks of life各行各业　at random随意，随机 长难句分析 Having learned the teenagers' popular “End of the Line” challenge—boarding trains at random and riding them until their final destinations, Nannini decided to visit every first and last stop across the NY subway's lines with her beloved camera. [分析]　句中having...challenge是现在分词短语作状语；boarding...destinations是动名词短语作同位语，解释说明challenge的内容。 [译文]　了解到青少年中有一项很受欢迎的“终点站”挑战，也就是在任意一站坐上火车，乘至终点站，Nannini决定带着自己心爱的相机，走遍纽约地铁线路的每个起始站和终点站。 B 篇 必备单词 mechanic n．方法；手段　perspective n．态度，观点　disclose v．揭露，透露　distinctive adj.独特的，有特色的　priority n．优先事项，最重要的事　undistracted adj.未分心的 熟词生义 craft常用义：n.手艺，工艺；技能，技巧　文章义：v.(尤指用手工)精心制作 run常用义：v.& n．跑步　文章义：n.抛售(美元、英镑等) B 篇 必备短语 without reference to不参考；与……无关　in line with与……一致，符合　a run on the currency抛售货币 长难 句分析 It fails to disclose that it does not merely report on the world, but is instead constantly at work crafting a new planet in our minds in line with its own often highly distinctive priorities. [分析]　句中that引导宾语从句，从句中含not...but...结构，并且crafting a new...priorities为现在分词短语作状语。 [译文]　它没有透露它不只是报道世界，而是不断地在我们的脑海中塑造一个新星球，与它自己往往非常独特的优先事项一致。 精准补弱   补弱练9　主旨大意题——标题归纳题 A (2024·安徽“皖南八校”联考二)Chris Smith looked like any other young boy in his class: thick hair, a wide smile, and playing sports.Besides all appearances, life for Chris was the same as it was for a hundred other boys in the small town where he grew up, except for the constant evictions (驱逐)，and eventually being homeless. Chris' father was reckless (无所顾忌的) with finances.His mother tried her best to run the home until Chris' little brother drowned, and then his father went to prison，and finally the family fell apart. “My mom shut the door emotionally. Everything got worse，” Chris remembers. Then she was gone and ran away from home without telling Chris.He did the best he could，sleeping on his newly married sister's sofa.“They didn't have much money，and I knew it was a burden to take me—a 17-year-old—in. I was going to drop out from high school and make it on my own.” But Chris' history teacher had different ideas.When Chris' study began to go down，she cornered him.“You're the smartest kid in the class，” she told him.“If you don't graduate，you're going to regret it.” “School was my safe place，” Chris says.School also offered him heat and food. It became the closest thing to home he could find，compared to his father's old truck that became his bed and his study space. He remembers his hair freezing onto the window in winter. When graduation came，Chris earned a full scholarship to college and graduated in the top 10 of his class. When it was time to apply for medical residency，Chris set his goal high.He applied for residency around the country and included the No.1 program in the nation：Johns Hopkins University.And then the letter came.Chris was in. “I didn't really think I had a chance. But I had learned to give everything my best shot. Life is never fair.But if you don't give up, you will give yourself a better chance to make it，” Chris says. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Chris在家庭发生重大变故后，无家可归，但是他坚持学习，未曾灰心放弃，最终获得了在美国顶尖医学院进行住院医师实习的机会。 2 3 1 1．Why did Chris' mother leave home? A．Because of failure in business. B．Because of financial restrictions. C．Because of her husband's recklessness. D．Because of heartbreaking family events. 答案：D 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His mother tried her best to run the home until Chris' little brother drowned, and then his father went to prison, and finally the family fell apart.”及第三段中的“My mom shut the door emotionally.”可知，在丈夫入狱和孩子溺亡的双重打击下，Chris的母亲不堪重负而离家出走。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 2．How's Chris' life and study during senior high school? A．Lazy and average. B．Comfortable and carefree. C．Tough and hard-working. D．Happy and undemanding. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He did the best he could, sleeping on his newly married sister's sofa.”及“I was going to drop out from high school and make it on my own.”可知，Chris读高中时生活很艰难，独自谋生，一度想退学；再根据第六段中的“When graduation came, Chris earned a full scholarship to college and graduated in the top 10 of his class.”可推知，高中时Chris学习很努力。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 3．What can we learn from Chris? A．Never lose heart. B．Always be well-prepared. C．Never judge a book by its cover. D．Always be humble and cautious. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 解析：推理判断题。根据第二、三段及最后一段中的“But if you don't give up, you will give yourself a better chance to make it”可知，面对家庭的重大变故，Chris并没有放弃，反而刻苦努力，最终取得了成功。由此可推知，我们可以从他身上学习到“永远不要灰心”的道理。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Doing Is Better Than Saying B．There Is No End to Learning C．From a Homeless Boy to a Medical Resident D．Great Hopes Make Great Man 答案：C 2 3 1 4 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了Chris在家庭发生重大变故后，无家可归，但是他坚持学习，未曾灰心放弃，最终获得了在美国顶尖医学院进行住院医师实习的机会。由此可推知，C项(从一个无家可归的男孩成长为一名住院医师)适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 B (2024·江西“三新”协同教研共同体高三联考)The most obvious fetish (迷恋) today is the longing for cuteness. Almost every day you can see adorable pictures of dogs and other animals that will make you smile and say，“How cute！” It is a cultural phenomenon that the media scholar James Meese calls the “cute economy”， which exists primarily on social media, is user-generated, and is heavily dominated by pictures of animals, especially pets.The goal is to generate a positive response, probably followed by a tap on the screen to“like” and “share”. We can click through image after image of cute animals doing cute things, feeling a little boost of good cheer. The marketing researchers have identified some of the most common categories of cuteness in online pet content：animals doing silly things; animals of extreme size; animals with unusual looks; and animals behaving in ways that seem human-like. Dogs and other animals in the “cute economy” are often further humanized by being dressed in clothing and accessorized (给……加装饰) with hats，jewelry，nail polish and fur dyed a rainbow of colors. Users who post successfully and with some strategies can make money by doing so. Thus, certain dogs have become cuteness celebrities，with millions of devoted followers and paid content from advertisers. Unfortunately, the price of the “cute economy” comes at a serious cost. The cutest and most popular breeds tend to be those with the most significant risk of health and behavioral problems.Cuteness is often coupled with their discomfort. People are drawn to the cuteness of dogs with extremely foreshortened skulls and extremely short legs and awkwardly long bodies, such as the French bulldog and the corgi. Actually, there are well-established health issues. We should treat the “cute economy” with caution, like resisting the commodification (商品化) of appearance by opting out of social media channels promoting the “cute economy”．We can also choose not to“like” or “share” images of dogs whose cuteness is linked with discomfort. Although we are biologically attracted to dogs that are super cute, we should be mindful in our “impulses”． [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“可爱经济”及其存在的问题。 5 6 7 5．What is the key to the “cute economy” according to the text? A．Taking pictures of different animals. B．Cute animals' attractive appearance. C．Pets' owners' liking adorable pictures. D．Posting cute animals' pictures on social media. 答案：D 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is a cultural phenomenon that the media scholar James Meese calls the ‘cute economy’， which exists primarily on social media, is user-generated，and is heavily dominated by pictures of animals, especially pets.”可知，“可爱经济”主要存在于社交媒体上，由用户生成，以动物，尤其是宠物的照片为主。由此可知，“可爱经济”的关键是把一些可爱的动物照片上传到社交媒体上。故选D项。 5 6 7 8 6．Which kind of cuteness is most likely to be the online pet content? A．A normal-sized dog is eating bones. B．A white cat is quietly lying next to its owner. C．A parrot dressed in a suit is singing and dancing. D．A monkey is attentively taking care of its baby. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The marketing researchers have identified some of the most common categories of cuteness in online pet content: animals doing silly things; animals of extreme size; animals with unusual looks; and animals behaving in ways that seem human-like.”可知，市场研究人员发现，网络宠物内容中最常见的可爱类别有：做傻事的动物、体型极端的动物、长相奇特的动物以及行为举止看起来像人的动物。结合选项可知，C项(一只身着西装的鹦鹉在唱歌跳舞)最符合网络宠物的内容。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 7．What is the side effect of the “cute economy”？ A．It will change the animals' nature. B．It may make the animals not so cute. C．It will result in a decline in animal population. D．It may cause health problems to the animals. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Unfortunately, the price of the ‘cute economy’ comes at a serious cost. The cutest and most popular breeds tend to be those with the most significant risk of health and behavioral problems.”可知，“可爱经济”的副作用是沉重的，它可能会给动物带来健康问题。故选D项。 5 6 7 8 8．What may be the best title for the text? A．Attractive Pictures of Animals B．Happiness from Pets C．The “Cute Economy” and Its Price D．Marketing Strategy—Cuteness 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：标题归纳题。综观全文，本文从人们对于宠物的迷恋引出“可爱经济”这一话题，再介绍其内容和其背后存在的问题，即“可爱经济”的代价。C项(“可爱经济”及其代价)可以概括文章主旨，最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 C (2024·辽宁名校联盟高三联考)Madagascar's extremely improbable wildlife may be thanks to dozens of dramatic oceanic journeys that would put Robinson Crusoe to shame，says a new study. “It seems like a far-fetched idea that animals could survive moving across the sea，” says Matthew Borths，a researcher at Duke University.But a comparison of genetic data from modern Malagasy species with the fossil (化石) record of their ancestors from the African mainland has revealed that this is likely what happened for most land animals, according to the research, published in May in the journal Biological Reviews. Animals from mainland Africa would have been trapped on large rafts (木筏) of vegetation and floated to Madagascar，where they eventually evolved into the wildlife we know today.Some 95 percent of wildlife are endemic to the country, which means they live nowhere else in the world. Scientists have three major theories to explain how land animals got to Madagascar: The species were there before Madagascar divided and became an island, they swam and/or rafted across from mainland Africa when currents flowed that way，or they crossed land bridges that might have existed at different periods. In their study，Jason Ali, the study co-author，and Blair Hedges，a biologist at Temple University，pulled together a large amount of previously published research to test each of these possible origin stories. The team compared the genes of 28 groups of land animals, including animals from modern-day Madagascar, with the genes of species on mainland Africa that are the closest relatives. Based on this information, they calculated the likely time when the ancestor of each species group likely arrived in Madagascar, and then evolved into something new. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究人员通过对比基因数据，试图解释马达加斯加岛上为何生活着各种奇特的动物。 9．What does the research find about the animals in Madagascar? A．They come from mainland Africa. B．They are good at swimming. C．They are the same as those in Asia. D．They tend to live on the coast. 答案：A 9 10 11 12 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But a comparison of genetic data from modern Malagasy species with the fossil record of their ancestors from the African mainland has revealed that this is likely what happened for most land animals, according to the research, published in May in the journal Biological Reviews.”和第三段第一句可知，马达加斯加岛上的动物的祖先来自非洲大陆。故选A项。 9 10 11 12 10．What does the underlined word “endemic” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Friendly.　　　　　 B．Native. C．Unknown. D．Useful. 答案：B 9 10 11 12 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“which means they live nowhere else in the world”可知，它们在世界上其他地方都找不到，也就是说大约95%的野生动物是这个国家特有的。由此可知，画线词与native的意思最接近。故选B项。 9 10 11 12 11．How did Jason Ali's team conduct the study? A．By collecting origin stories in the field. B．By observing wildlife in the forest. C．By teaming up with the locals. D．By comparing the published data. 答案：D 9 10 11 12 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“pulled together a large amount of previously published research to test each of these possible origin stories”以及第六段中的“The team compared the genes of 28 groups...that are the closest relatives.”可知，Jason的团队主要是通过汇集已公布的研究成果，对比基因数据来进行研究工作的。故选D项。 9 10 11 12 12．Which can be the suitable title for the text? A．Why Is Madagascar's Wildlife So Unique? B．When Did Animals Arrive in Madagascar? C．How Did Scientists Study Fossils in Africa? D．What Makes Animals in Africa Evolve Slowly? 答案：A 9 10 11 12 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，本文主要介绍科学家们通过分析和对比基因数据，试图找到马达加斯加岛上生活着各种奇特动物的原因。第一段中的thanks to与A项中的Why相呼应。故选A项。 9 10 11 12 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 必备单词 drown v．溺死　burden n．负担　residency n．高级专科住院医生实习期 熟词生义 run常用义：v.跑；奔跑　文章义：v.管理；经营 必备短语 except for除……之外　go to prison坐牢　fall apart破裂；垮掉　drop out辍学 B篇 必备单词 longing n．渴望　cuteness n．可爱　adorable adj.可爱的；讨人喜爱的　dominate v．支配；控制；影响　identify v．确认　content n．内容　celebrity n．名人　well-established adj.得到确认的；固定下来的　caution n．小心；谨慎　mindful adj.留心的；注意的 熟词生义 tap 常用义：n.水龙头；阀门　文章义：n.点击 必备短语 be dressed in 穿着　couple...with...把……与……结合起来 B篇 长难句分析 It is a cultural phenomenon that the media scholar James Meese calls the “cute economy”， which exists primarily on social media, is user-generated, and is heavily dominated by pictures of animals, especially pets. [分析]　本句是一个主从复合句，主句是It is a cultural phenomenon。that the media scholar James Meese calls the “cute economy” 是定语从句，修饰先行词phenomenon；which exists primarily on social media, is user-generated, and is heavily dominated by pictures of animals, especially pets是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “cute economy”。 [译文]　这种文化现象被媒体学者James Meese称为“可爱经济”，主要存在于社交媒体上，由用户生成，主要以动物，尤其是宠物的图片为主。 C篇 必备单词 improbable adj.不可能的；不大可能的　dramatic adj.激动人心的；给人印象深刻的　far-fetched adj.牵强的；难以置信的　evolve v．进化 熟词生义 current 常用义：adj.当前的；现在的　文章义：n.洋流 必备短语 pull together把……串到一起 C篇 长难句分析 But a comparison of genetic data from modern Malagasy species with the fossil (化石) record of their ancestors from the African mainland has revealed that this is likely what happened for most land animals, according to the research, published in May in the journal Biological Reviews. [分析]　本句是一个主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句，其中包含what引导的表语从句；published in May in the journal Biological Reviews为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰research。 [译文]　但是，根据今年五月份发表在《生物学评论》杂志上的这项研究，通过比较现代马达加斯加物种的基因数据与其非洲大陆祖先的化石记录，发现大多数陆地动物可能都经历了类似情况。 补弱练10　主旨大意题——文章大意题 A (2024·东北三省三校第一次联考)For anyone planning to fly to or from France this year，we've got a bit of inconvenient news—thousands of flights from four French airports are getting cancelled. It's all because much of the air traffic control system hasn't been updated since the 1970s. The air traffic control systems in Paris' main airports are well overdue for an upgrade. Though the systems have received plenty of minor updates over the years，this year is the time for a huge improvement—it's thought that around 80 percent of the system will need to be modernised. Currently，workers still use an air traffic control process which was developed in the 1970s, including using paper strips to represent incoming planes.Thankfully， 1 billion is being invested into improving France's air traffic control. But that means there'll be a large number of cancellations. According to BFM, it's estimated that around 16，500 flights to or from Paris' Charles de Gaulle，Orly，Le Bourget and Beauvais airports won't go ahead.The number of passengers that passed through Paris Airports in 2022 was almost 44 million. Paris' Charles de Gaulle saw 26.1 million passengers，and Paris Orly saw 15.7 million passengers.For the coming improvement，airlines that operate at these airports have been told to reduce their flight programmes by 20 percent between March 9 and April 14. It's during this period that the new system will be tested at Athis-Mons，France's largest air traffic control centre. Will your flight to France be impacted? Well, it's up to each airline which flights won't run, but it's thought that long-distance routes will take priority. Air France has already cancelled some of theirs, notified passengers, and offered them same-day alternatives. While this could mean that travelling through Paris is a faff (忙乱) this year, it's estimated that 2.5 million flights pass through French airspace annually.With that much air traffic to control，it'd be good to have it all processed by something a bit more reliable than some pieces of paper. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国正在计划对空中交通管制系统进行重大升级，这意味着法国的各家航空公司会取消大量的航班。 1．What inconvenience will be caused in France according to the text? A．Airlines will decrease their flights. B．A number of flights will be delayed. C．Flights to France will be unavailable. D．The airports will be under reconstruction. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For anyone planning...are getting cancelled.”可知，发生在法国的令人不便的事是法国航空公司将会减少航班。故选A。 1 2 3 4 2．Why are the figures listed in paragraph 4? A．To illustrate the flight cancellations. B．To give examples of airport capacities. C．To compare the numbers of passengers. D．To analyze the reasons for air traffic control. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。通读第四段可知，约16 500个往返法国四个机场的航班将停飞，同时还列数字说明了在这些机场运营的航空公司将减少20%的航班计划。由此可推知，作者在第四段列数字是为了说明航班取消的具体情况。故选A。 1 2 3 4 3．What can happen to people travelling to France this year? A．They will be offered a discount. B．They might reschedule their flights. C．They will have to cancel their travel plans. D．They can only book tickets for long-distance routes. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Air France has already...offered them same-day alternatives.”可推知，在今年去法国旅行的人可能要重新安排航班时间。故选B。 1 2 3 4 4．What is the text mainly about? A．France's largest air traffic control centre will be tested. B． 1 billion is being invested into modernizing four French airports. C．France is cancelling thousands of flights to improve air traffic control system. D．The number of passengers that pass through Paris' airports will decrease. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 解析：文章大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了为了对空中交通管制系统进行现代化升级，法国机场计划取消一些航班。故选C。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·福建福州2月质量检测)Humans have sailed the oceans' surfaces for millennia, but their depths remain effectively uncharted. Only about a quarter of the seafloor has been mapped at high resolution. Maps of most regions display only approximate depths and often miss entire underwater mountains or canyons (峡谷) . So researchers have introduced some deep-diving experts: Elephant Seals. Scientists have been placing trackers on them around Antarctica for years, gathering data on ocean temperature.For a new study, the researchers compared these dives' location and depth data with some of the less detailed seafloor maps. They spotted places where the seals dove deeper than should have been possible according to the maps—meaning the existing depth estimates were inaccurate. In eastern Antarctica's Vincennes Bay, the diving seals helped the scientists find a large, hidden underwater canyon of more than a mile in depth. An Australian research ship called the RSV Nuyina later measured the canyon's exact depth using sonar (声呐), and the researchers have proposed naming their find the Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon—honoring both the ship and the involved Elephant Seals, genus Mirounga. But seals can't chart the entire ocean floor. The trackers used in the study could pinpoint a seal's geographical location only within about 1.5 miles, which allows for useful but not exactly high-resolution data.Plus, because the seals don't always dive to the bottom of the ocean, they can reveal only where the bottom is deeper than in existing maps—not shallower. Deep-sea research experts suggest improving on these data by using more precise trackers and analyzing the seals' diving patterns to determine whether they have reached the seafloor or simply stopped going down. The potential use of the current seal-dive data is to gather information about the deep ocean around Antarctica, specifically regarding the location and depth of sea-floor canyons. This data can be valuable for predicting how Antarctica's ice will melt. By understanding the presence and characteristics of these canyons, scientists can better assess how warmer water from the deep ocean flows towards the ice along the continent's coast.This knowledge is crucial for accurately modeling and predicting the future behavior of Antarctica's ice sheets and their contribution to sea-level rise. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员将象海豹的潜水位置和深度数据与不太详细的海底地图进行比较，推测出现有的海洋深度数据是不够准确的，且象海豹潜水的数据对于预测南极洲冰川将如何融化很有价值。通过这些数据加深对南极洲深海信息及相关知识的了解，对以后准确建模和预测南极洲冰盖的动向是非常有帮助的。 5．How did the researchers find out the depth inaccuracies? A.By gathering temperature data. B．With the help of seals' diving. C．By improving resolution of maps. D．With the trackers placed on canyons. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They spotted places where...the existing depth estimates were inaccurate.”可知，研究人员是根据(象)海豹潜水的深度发现有深度误差的。故选B。 5 6 7 8 6．Why is the discovery of Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon mentioned? A.To provide more reference data. B．To introduce a new topic. C．To give supporting evidence. D．To make a comparison. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“An Australian research ship...genus Mirounga.”可知，研究人员使用声呐测量海底峡谷的确切深度，并将其命名为Mirounga-Nuyina 峡谷，其目的是为他们的发现提供支持性证据。故选C。 5 6 7 8 7．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Researchers can assess ocean features. B．Data can be used to track the ice location. C．The underwater flow can be controlled. D．Scientists can monitor ice melting. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。通读最后一段尤其是“This data can be valuable for predicting how Antarctica's ice will melt.”可知，通过收集这些数据，科学家们能够监测冰川融化。故选D。 5 6 7 8 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Seals assist in charting ocean floor. B．Seals advance trackers' precision. C．Scientists draw inspiration from seals. D．Scientists uncover seals' diving patterns. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 解析：文章大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲述的是研究人员通过象海豹的潜水深度推测出现有的海洋深度数据是不够准确的，同时通过象海豹的潜水数据来收集深海信息。A项“(象)海豹协助绘制海底地图”可以概括文章大意。故选A。 5 6 7 8 C (2024·山东潍坊一模)Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty. You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth-seeking firms and self-promoting candidates, and to a certain extent it is. But companies themselves are prone (有做……倾向的) to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self-defeating. Start with the obvious wrongdoers：job applicants.When it comes to writing the resume (简历)，they tend to massage (美化) reality into the most appealing shape possible. Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income；the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true. The average British spends four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos. But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their spare time only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens. But the tendency to stretch the truth infects companies as well as applicants. The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast-paced and innovative, and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the “ideal candidate”， someone who almost by definition does not exist. Sometimes, the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history. Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews，which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company's corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out，in text or video, what a typical day in the role would look like. Such honesty can be its own reward.Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction. A paper in 2011 by David Earnest of Towson University and his co-authors concluded that favorable perceptions of the organization's honesty are the best explanation for why. So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest with themselves. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了在招聘过程中常见的不诚实行为，如：求职者夸大简历，公司描述虚假职位要求。同时作者给出了该问题的解决方法——即求职者和招聘方都应保持诚实。 9．Why are “leader” and “enthusiast” mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To present a rule. B．To clarify a fact. C．To make a comparison. D．To explain a phenomenon. 答案：D 9 10 11 12 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When it comes to writing the resume, they tend to massage reality into the most appealing shape possible.”可知，求职者写简历时会美化事实，然后下文举例具体说明这种现象。由此可推知，提到“leader”和“enthusiast”是为了解释求职者在撰写简历时夸大事实的现象。故选D项。 9 10 11 12 10．What does the underlined word “stretch” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Overstate.　　　　 B．Overturn. C．Overlook. D．Overestimate. 答案：A 9 10 11 12 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“infects companies as well as applicants”和“The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment...”可知，公司在撰写职位描述时夸大现实，如夸大工作环境和对“理想候选人”的不切实际的要求。由此可推知，公司和申请者一样，也有夸大事实的倾向。stretch the truth 意为“夸大事实”。故选A项。 9 10 11 12 11．What are job previews expected to be like in paragraph 4? A．They show a position as it is. B．They are made either in text or video. C．They are favorable for bigger firms. D．They mainly contain negatives of a job. 答案：A 9 10 11 12 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company's corporate culture.”可知，职位预览应该准确描述一个职位的实际工作内容。故选A项。 9 10 11 12 12．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Pains and gains of employees. B．How to get the lying out of hiring. C．How to be more appealing in hiring. D．A battle between applicants and companies. 答案：B 9 10 11 12 解析：文章大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了在招聘过程中求职者和公司都有夸大事实的倾向；再根据最后一段中的“Such honesty can be its own reward.”及“So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest with themselves.”可知，文章最后给出该现象的解决办法——诚实，并说明诚实是一种回报，如果公司在招聘时能保持诚实，那么招聘过程会更加顺畅。由此可知，文章的重点是解决招聘过程中的不诚实问题。故选B项。 9 10 11 12 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 必备 单词 cancel v．取消　update v．更新　upgrade n．升级　currently adv.当前；目前　strip n．(纸、金属、织物等)条，带　represent v．代表　invest v．投资　estimate v．估计 熟词 生义 overdue常用义：adj.(到期)未付的，未还的　文章义：adj.早应完成的 必备 短语 pass through通行　be up to取决于　take priority优先考虑 B篇 必备单词 uncharted adj.地图上未绘出(或未标明)的　resolution n．清晰度；分辨率　propose v．提议，建议　predict v．预测 熟词生义 map 常用义：n.地图　文章义：v.绘制……的地图 find 常用义：v.找到；发现　文章义：n.发现物 必备短语 go down下降，下跌 B篇 长难句分析 The trackers used in the study could pinpoint a seal's geographical location only within about 1.5 miles, which allows for useful but not exactly high-resolution data. [分析]　本句是一个主从复合句。used in the study为过去分词短语作定语，修饰the trackers；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 [译文]　研究中使用的追踪器只能在大约1.5英里的范围内精确定位(象)海豹的地理位置，这可以提供有用但分辨率不那么高的数据。 C 篇 必备单词 integrity n．诚实正直　appealing adj.吸引人的　generate v．产生；创造　infect v．使感染(某种感情)；影响　invariably adv.一贯地；始终如一地　improbable adj.不大可能的　accurate adj.准确的　prospective adj.可能的；预期的　turnover n．人员调整率，人事变更率　perception n．看法；见解 必备短语 to a certain extent在一定程度上　out of shape变形，走样　lay out设计；规划 C 篇 长难句分析 Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews，which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company's corporate culture. [分析]　句中what引导宾语从句，从句中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词previews。 [译文]　很少有公司能在其职位预览中准确描述一个职位实际涉及的工作内容，而这些预览本应让未来的员工真正了解这份工作的优缺点，并对公司的企业文化有清晰的认识。 补弱练11　主旨大意题——段落大意题 A (2024·江西“三新”协同教研共同体联考)A new study has found that comedy doesn't just make us feel good—it actually has the power to improve health.A recent study was conducted to test whether or not “laughter therapy (疗法)” could help people who have heart disease. The study involved 26 adults，with an average age of 64. They all had coronary artery (冠状动脉) disease，which happens when the supply of blood to the heart is held up by plaque that grows in the coronary arteries，the big tubes that send blood to the heart. Over three months，13 of the adults were asked to watch two-hour-long comedy shows every week. The other 13 were asked to watch two documentary films on serious topics like politics and the Amazon rainforest. Then, the participants were examined by doctors. The first group that watched comedy showed a big improvement in the amount of oxygen which we breathe in to survive and that the heart could pump blood around the body. Their arteries also got better at expanding，which meant that more blood could flow through them.There was less plaque in the arteries afterward too，cutting the person's risk of having a heart attack or stroke. The study was led by Marco Saffi, a professor at a hospital, who said laughter helps the heart because it releases chemicals in the body called endorphins.They reduce inflammation，which can lead to heart disease，and help the heart relax. Having a good laugh also reduces levels of stress hormones (激素).Stress hormones are the body's natural alarm system, which kicks in if a person is in a tense situation. They're great for helping people cope with danger，but they can put a strain on the heart if they stay in a person's system for too long. Saffi thinks the results show “laughter therapy” could be used to treat patients at risk of heart problems.He said，“It does not have to be TV programs—people with heart disease could be invited to comedy evenings or encouraged to enjoy fun evenings with friends and family.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“笑声疗法”。研究表明，“笑声疗法”能帮助人们治疗心脏病。 1．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The study's impact. B．The study's findings. C．The study's process. D．The study's participants. 答案：B 1 2 3 4 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“The first group that watched comedy showed a big improvement in the amount of oxygen...Their arteries also got better at expanding...There was less plague in the arteries afterward too...”可知，本段主要介绍了每周观看喜剧表演的参试者的身体状况有所改善，因此本段主要在介绍该研究的结果。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 2．What does the underlined word “strain” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Guard.　　　　　　　 B．Thought. C．Stress. D．Mask. 答案：C 1 2 3 4 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Stress hormones...great for helping people cope with danger”可知，压力激素可以帮助人们应对危险，结合画线词前的but表示转折可推知，如果压力激素在一个人的身体中停留太久，就会给心脏带来压力。stress意为“压力”，符合题意。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 3．How does Saffi feel about “laughter therapy”？ A．It's promising. B．It's unique. C．It's unworthy. D．It's costly. 答案：A 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Saffi thinks the results show ‘laughter therapy’ could be used to treat patients at risk of heart problems.”可知，Saffi认为“笑声疗法”可以帮助治疗有患心脏病风险的病人，所以它是有前景的。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 4．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Laughter is the privilege of mankind. B．Smiling faces sometimes tell lies. C．Smile is the most beautiful language. D．Laughter is the best medicine. 答案：D 1 2 3 4 解析：推理判断题。综观全文，文章主要介绍了“笑声疗法”能帮助人们治疗心脏病。由此可知，作者可能会赞同D项(笑是最佳良药)这一观点。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 B (2024·安徽“皖南八校”高三联考二)The measurement of blood pressure goes back almost three centuries, leading to the procedure that we all know and that the doctor performs when we have check-ups：A cuff (袖口) goes around our arm，which is first inflated (膨胀), and then deflated (放气)，in a controlled manner，to determine our maximum and minimum blood pressure. But the use of inflatable-cuff blood pressure monitors has some disadvantages.For one thing，unless people have home monitors，they must go to a chemistry shop，doctor's office or health center to learn what their blood pressure is. Another barrier is that repeated inflation and deflation of the cuff can cause difficulties when，for example，a patient is in the hospital and needs frequent blood pressure monitoring. And the last one is that since cuffs don't allow continuous measurement of blood pressure，they're only providing a measurement at a specific moment. Today, a new generation of blood pressure measuring devices have been developed and their aim is to make it easier to judge high blood pressure. Unlike traditional devices，they do without the arm cuff and offer blood pressure values on demand.Users just press their finger on a sensor on a watch and ring.   The various cuffless measuring devices are based on methods that，instead of directly determining blood pressure，they use sensors to capture various indirect signals. These signals are processed by different sets of mathematical procedures to obtain the blood pressure values. It is like inferring fever by measuring an increase in heart beat and sweating instead of using a thermometer (体温计), or divining the result of a soccer match from outside the stadium by listening to the screams of the soccer fans. The development of devices for measuring blood pressure without a blood pressure cuff is progressing rapidly，but that doesn't mean they are ready to be used to make diagnostic and treatment decisions.“The road to clinical application may be some day in the near future, but not now，” says Avolio, a biomedical engineer. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统的充气袖带式血压计的缺点以及新一代的无臂袖式血压测量设备的优点、工作原理及其使用方法等。 5．How many drawbacks of inflatable-cuff blood pressure monitors are mentioned in the text? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For one thing...Another barrier...And the last one is that...”可知，文章提到了传统的充气袖带式血压计的三个不足之处。故选B项。 5 6 7 8 6．What does the underlined word “divining” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Changing. B．Describing. C．Guessing. D．Remembering. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“It is like inferring fever by measuring an increase in heart beat and sweating instead of using a thermometer”可知，可以通过测量心跳和出汗的情况来推断发烧，由此可推知，此处指可以在体育场外根据场内球迷的喊叫声猜测足球比赛的结果，因此画线词词义为“猜测”。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 7．What's the fourth paragraph mainly about? A．The working principle of cuffless measuring devices. B．The different methods for setting mathematical procedures. C.The way of cuffless measuring devices to measure direct signals. D．The connection between inferring fever and measuring blood pressure. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 解析：段落大意题。通读第四段可知，第一、二句介绍了无臂袖式血压测量设备的工作原理，第三句用测量心跳和出汗的情况以推断发烧的例子和在体育场外根据场内球迷的喊叫声以推断足球比赛结果的例子来帮助读者理解无臂袖式血压测量设备的工作原理。故选A项。 5 6 7 8 8．What will the writer most probably talk about on cuffless measuring devices next? A．The issue of mass-producing them. B．The processing techniques of them. C．The competitive intensity among their producers. D．The reasons for them not being used in the medical world currently. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but that doesn't mean they are ready to be used to make diagnostic and treatment decisions”及“The road to clinical application may be some day in the near future, but not now”可知，新一代的无臂袖式血压测量设备目前还不能在医疗行业正式使用。由此可推知，接下来作者很有可能会介绍这些设备目前无法在医疗行业中使用的原因。故选D项。 5 6 7 8 C (2024·江苏南通高三调研测试一)Ramirez Castaneda，a Colombian biologist, spends her time in the Amazon studying how snakes eat poisonous frogs without getting ill. Although her findings come in many shapes and sizes, she and her colleagues have struggled to get their biological discoveries out to the wider scientific community. With Spanish as her mother tongue, her research had to be translated into English to be published. That wasn't always possible because of budget or time—and it means that some of her findings were never published. “It's not that I'm a bad scientist，” she says.“It's just because of the language.” Castaneda is not alone. There are plenty of researches in non-English-language papers that get lost in translation，or are never translated.A research looked through more than 400，000 peer-reviewed papers in 16 different languages and found 1，234 studies providing evidence on biodiversity conservation which, because they weren't in English, may have been overlooked. These included Japanese-language findings on the effectiveness of relocating the endangered Blakiston's fish owl，the largest owl species. Some experts argue that for the sake of the bigger picture，scientific knowledge should converge (趋同) into one common language. Science is very globalized and becoming more so, so the use of a global language is enormous for that. Of course, scientists can work with an English partner, or use a translator—but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence. The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation. For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs in the work Castaneda does with indigenous (本地的) communities in the Amazon. “So we're losing observations for science, too，” says Castaneda. “For me, it's not possible to just have everything translated into English.We need multilingual (用多种语言的) science，and we need people that feel comfortable doing science in their own languages. It could be possible to switch to a world where，say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章以哥伦比亚生物学家Ramirez遭遇的语言问题为例，揭示了目前有很多非英文论文无法被翻译。对此，一些专家主张科学知识应当转换为一个共同的语言——英语。但作者对此并不认同，认为这会导致国际影响力的不平等，并且有些专业术语很难用英语翻译。因此，作者希望建立一个多语种的科学世界。 9．What prevented Castaneda's discoveries from being more widely known? A．Poor management. B．The language barrier. C．Her bad reputation. D．Opposition from her colleagues. 答案：B 9 10 11 12 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With Spanish as her mother tongue, her research had to be translated into English to be published. That wasn't always possible because of budget or time—and it means that some of her findings were never published.”可知，语言障碍阻止了Castaneda的发现被更广泛地了解。故选B项。 9 10 11 12 10．What's the consequence of the dominant focus on English in scientific research? A．Inefficient wildlife conservation. B．A knowledge gap in the scientific world. C．A growing interest in non-English papers. D．Inadequate job opportunities for translators. 答案：B 9 10 11 12 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Of course，scientists can work with an English partner, or use a translator—but this ultimately strengthens the cycle of dependency on the global north, leading to inequality in international influence.”可推知，科学研究中以英语为主导的结果是会加强对北半球(一些国家)的依赖循环，导致国际影响力的不平等，因此这会在科学界产生知识鸿沟。故选B项。 9 10 11 12 11．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning forest snakes and frogs? A．The urgency to protect rare species. B．The need to adopt one global language. C．The challenges in translating scientific texts. D．The biodiversity on the South American continent. 答案：C 9 10 11 12 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The specific meanings of words can also pose a problem in translation. For example, it is difficult to find in English one single word to describe forest snakes and frogs...”可知，作者以林蛇和林蛙为例，旨在说明一些科学研究中的文本比较难翻译，即存在挑战。故选C项。 9 10 11 12 12．What is presented in the last paragraph of the text? A．A potential solution. B．A theoretical model. C．A popular belief. D．A global trend. 答案：A 9 10 11 12 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“It could be possible to switch to a world where, say, Chinese, English and Spanish are the three languages of science, just as English, French and German were the languages of science in the 19th century.”可知，本段主要介绍Castaneda希望建立一个多语种的科学世界来解决语言障碍问题。由此可知，本段在介绍一个潜在的解决方案。故选A项。 9 10 11 12 二次精读——溯原文，积语料，提素养 A 篇 必备单词 conduct v．进行；组织　pump v．输送　stroke n．中风　release v．释放 必备短语 hold up阻碍　kick in开始生效；起作用　cope with处理 A 篇 长难句分析 The first group that watched comedy showed a big improvement in the amount of oxygen which we breathe in to survive and that the heart could pump blood around the body. [分析]　本句是一个主从复合句。句中that watched comedy为定语从句，修饰先行词the first group; which引导定语从句，修饰先行词oxygen; and连接两个宾语， 即 a big improvement和 that引导的宾语从句。 [译文]　第一组观看喜剧的人在为生存而吸入的氧气量方面有了很大提升，心脏也可以将血液输送到全身。 B篇 必备单词 procedure n．程序　check-up n．体检　disadvantage n．弊端　application n．应用 必备短语 go back追溯　on demand一经要求 长难句分析 The measurement of blood pressure goes back almost three centuries, leading to the procedure that we all know and that the doctor performs when we have check-ups：A cuff goes around our arm，which is first inflated, and then deflated，in a controlled manner，to determine our maximum and minimum blood pressure. [分析]　本句是一个复杂的主从复合句。句中leading to...have check-ups为现在分词短语作状语，其中包含两个由that引导的并列定语从句，修饰先行词the procedure，when引导时间状语从句；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a cuff; to determine...pressure为不定式短语作目的状语。 [译文]　血压的测量有着将近三个世纪的历史，形成了我们所熟知的，在我们体检时医生也会如此进行的程序：在我们的手臂上套一个袖带，首先给它充气，然后以一种受控的方式放气，来确定我们的最高和最低血压。 C篇 必备单词 overlook v．忽视　effectiveness n．有效性　relocate v．重新安置　inequality n．不平等 熟词生义 pose常用义：v.(为画像、摄影)摆好姿势　文章义：v.造成(威胁、问题等)；引起；产生 必备短语 look through浏览，翻阅；逐一查看　for the sake of 为了……起见 $$