专题4 第2讲 细节理解题——据文比对定答案(课件PPT)-【创新方案】2025年高考英语二轮复习专题辅导与测试

第二讲　细节理解题——据文比对定答案 　　细节理解题常分为直接信息理解题和间接信息理解题。直接信息理解题较简单，一般在原文中可以直接找到答案。间接信息理解题相对要难些，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。考生不能直接从原文中找出正确答案，而是要稍加归纳才能得出答案。 正 确 选 项 特 征 同义 替换 对原文中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one's job换成be out of work。有些细节理解题会把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important变换成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换 信息 归纳 用精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息 正话 反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达 原文原词 原文原词出现在正确选项中 　　细节理解题常分为直接信息理解题和间接信息理解题。直接信息理解题较简单，一般在原文中可以直接找到答案。间接信息理解题相对要难些，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。考生不能直接从原文中找出正确答案，而是要稍加归纳才能得出答案。 干扰选项特征 张冠 李戴 是原文信息，但不符合题目要求 无中 生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容 曲解 文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动 颠倒 是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭 正误 参半 部分正确，部分错误 续表 题型一　直接信息理解题 直接信息理解题只考查文章中的个别事实，仅涉及原文一两句话的信息，一般能在文中直接找到明确的答案。直接信息理解题的题干大多提问“what, where, when, who等信息。解题技法如下： [典例]　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读A节选) AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. 22．What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A．5. B．10. C．15. D．18. [分析]　根据题干关键词the lower age limit直接把答案定位在“AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING”中的“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.”部分。对比选项可知，B项与原文“aged 10 and over are welcome”的意义相符。 题型二　间接信息理解题 间接信息理解题常考查文章中的隐性信息，可能涉及原文一处或多处信息，一般在文中无法直接找到与正确选项完全相同的表达，而是需要在原文的基础上做出符合文章内容的简单计算或同义诠释。间接信息理解题的题干大多提问“how much/many, what, how”等信息。解题技法如下： [例1]　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读A节选) AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING …… We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. 23．What are the volunteers expected to do? A．Bring their own tools. B．Work even in bad weather. C．Wear a team uniform. D．Do at least three projects. [分析]　首先根据题干中的volunteers和to do可以把答案定位在小标题AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING下的“We'll be working rain or shine.”，对此信息进行二次加工可知，B项“甚至在天气情况不好时也会工作”与原文“working rain or shine”的意义相符。 [例2]　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读A节选) Prices   Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake， No Gears 1 hour 7.50 5.00 3 hours 11.00 7.50 1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75 Each additional day 8.00 6.00 22．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. 15.75. B． 19.50. C. 22.75. D. 29.50. [分析]　根据how much先定位至Prices部分，再结合关键词a bike with hand brake and three gears和two days在Prices下的表格中查找对应信息“1 day (24 hours), 14.75；Each additional day， 8.00”。然后对此信息进行计算加工可知，租两天的费用为22.75欧元。故选C。 (2024·潍坊三模) National Geographic Film Concert: Secrets of the Whales This month, the Jack Singer Concert Hall will invite audiences into the underwater world of legendary photographer Brian Skerry and producer James Cameron in National Geographic Film Concert: Secrets of the Whales on May 26－28. With none other than Jann Arden, celebrated musician, actor and author, as a guest commentator guiding audiences into the complex and fascinating families, culture, and play that reveal the secret lives of whales, the whole experience is brought to life by a full orchestra and world-class conductor Anthony Parnther. Called “visually appealing” by The New York Times, this concert presentation brings the most powerful moments of the Emmy-winning Disney＋ series together, transporting audiences into the lives of five different whale families as they adapt to ecological changes to their habitats. “Secrets of the Whales was the most ambitious project of my career as a photographer. If we could see the ocean and our planet through the lens (镜头) of the culture of another species, that could change our view of the natural world and our relation to it，” says Skerry. “Those connections, the communities and the cultures the whales share all mirror human culture, but sometimes we forget about that.” Brian Skerry has spent nearly four decades exploring and documenting the world's oceans. He spent more than three years in 24 locations shooting footage for the four-part series Secrets of the Whales. Now, with the most powerful moments selected, the documentary has been edited for this live, two-hour concert performance. Projected on a high-definition screen, the rich filmography and sweeping score is brought to life by a 40-piece orchestra. Join Arts Commons Presents for this worldwide event, in the Jack Singer Concert Hall at Arts Commons. Get your tickets online today. 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章是一幅关于现场音乐会《国家地理电影音乐会：鲸鱼的秘密》的广告。 1．What will Jann Arden act as in the film concert? A．Explainer. B.Musician. C．Conductor. D.Director. 解析：间接信息理解题。根据题干关键词Jann Arden 可定位到原文第一段第二句。分析原文信息“as a guest commentator guiding audiences into ...”可知，commentator与A项是同义词，意为“解说员”。 √ 2．What is the project aimed at? A．Advertising the concert. B．Researching human culture. C．Protecting animals' habitats. D．Understanding nature better. 解析：间接信息理解题。根据题干关键词aimed at可定位到原文第三段中“change our view of the natural world and our relation to it”，对它进行信息提炼可知，与D项中“更好地了解自然”意思相同。 √ 3．How long did Skerry spend filming the documentary? A．Two hours. B.Four days. C．Over three years. D.About four decades. 解析：直接信息理解题。根据题干关键词Skerry和documentary可定位到原文第四段第二句。C选项“Over three years”是句中“more than three years”的同义替换。 √ [易错诊断] 本题易误选D。部分考生根据原文第四段第一句“Brian Skerry has spent nearly four decades exploring and documenting the world's oceans.”就认为Skerry花了四十年来拍摄纪录片，这属于典型的张冠李戴。题干问的是拍摄纪录片花了多长时间，而第四段第一句说的是Brian Skerry花了四十年来探索并记录世界上的海洋。考生误把这一时间当作是Brian Skerry拍摄纪录片的时间。 本课结束 $$