精品解析：山东省菏泽市2024-2025学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题

菏泽市2024—2025学年度第一学期期末考试 英语试题 本试题卷共8页。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3. 非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where does this conversation take place? A. In a car. B. In a repair shop. C. On an island. 2. Why is the woman going to Trader Joe’s so early in the morning? A. To avoid the crowds. B. To meet some folks. C. To buy special things. 3. What is the man’s suggestion to the woman? A. Teaching her son by herself. B. Asking the teacher for help. C. Having no worry about her son. 4. What would the woman like to watch at first? A. A cartoon. B. A comedy. C. A science fiction movie. 5. What does the man think of the woman’s decision? A. Exciting. B. Surprising. C. Wise. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where will the event probably be held? A. At the bookstore. B. In a lecture hall. C. In the town square. 7. How does the man plan to promote the event? A. By advertising in the newspaper. B. By broadcasting on television. C. By putting up posters. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What is the woman probably? A. A hostess. B. A professor. C. A secretary. 9. What is Mr. Barclay’s advice? A. Studying hard. B. Maintaining grades. C. Keeping balance in life. 10. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Internet addiction. B. Popular mobile apps. C. Young men’s problems. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What is the man doing? A. Making an invitation. B. Offering information. C. Asking for permission. 12. What time is the woman going to see the dentist this Saturday? A. At 10:30 a. m. B. At 12:30 p. m. C. At 4:30 p. m. 13. What is the woman going to do after seeing the dentist? A. Clean the house. B. Take a walk by the lake. C. Help Jim with his science project. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. Where does Thomas Manning work? A. In a library. B. At a radio station. C. In the Guinness Company. 15. Where did the idea of a book of records come from? A. A visit to Europe. B. A bird-shooting trip. C. A television talk show. 16. When did Sir Hugh’s first book of records appear? A. In 1955. B. In 1950. C. In 1915. 17. What are the speakers going to discuss next? A The founder of the company. B. The fastest bird in the world. C. More records of unusual facts. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. When can people in Hangzhou walk dogs? A. At 6:00 a. m. B. At 11:00 a. m. C. At 4:00 p. m. 19. How much will a Hangzhou citizen be fined if he walks his dog without a rope? A. 400 yuan. B. 1,000 yuan. C. 3,000 yuan. 20. What is the dog owner’s complaint? A. Dogs must be registered. B Dog walking hours are improper. C. Dog walking places are limited. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four Famous Female Scientists Katherine Johnson Katherine Johnson graduated from college — with honors — at the same age most people graduated from high school. She later applied to a program at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and earned a spot as one of the agency’s human computers. One of Katherine’s most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969. While NASA began using computers for the task in 1962, astronaut John Glenn refused to go into flight until Katherine checked the computer’s calculations by hand. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin When Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin became the first woman to receive a PhD from Harvard’s Radeliffe College, no one knew how much her doctoral paper would change the world of science. Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (氦) contradicted the main theory of the time, and some of the day’s leading scientists openly questioned her findings. It would take more than a decade for another scientist to reach the same conclusion. Lise Meitner Lise Meitner is one of only two women to have an element named in her honor — the element with the atomic number 109 is called meitnerium. She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term“nuclear fission (裂变)” in a published paper. During her career, she discovered what causes the Auger Effect, explained how nuclear fission works, and uncovered the element protactinium (镤). Grace Hopper Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages. She began her career in computing and worked on the Harvard Mark I computer program. Later, she created the first program that translated code into machine language, and also developed the COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) programming language. 1. What was one of Katherine Johnson’s significant contributions? A. She earned a PhD from Harvard. B. She developed a programming language. C. She explained how nuclear fission works. D. She calculated the path for major space missions. 2. Whose conclusion about stars faced opposition from leading scientists? A. Katherine Johnson’s. B. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin’s. C. Lise Meitner’s. D. Grace Hopper’s. 3. What do Lise Meitner and Grace Hopper have in common? A. They graduated from Harvard. B. They discovered new elements. C They worked on something about computers. D. They were both pioneers in their own field. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四位著名女科学家。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“One of Katherine’s most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969.(凯瑟琳最重要的工作之一是计算1961年美国首次载人航天飞行和1969年阿波罗登月的路径)”可知，凯瑟琳·约翰逊的重要贡献之一是为重要的太空任务计算飞行路径，故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin部分中“Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (氦) contradicted the main theory of the time, and some of the day’s leading scientists openly questioned her findings.(她关于恒星主要由氢和氦组成的结论与当时的主流理论相矛盾，一些当时的顶尖科学家公开质疑她的发现)”可知，Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin关于恒星的结论遭到了顶尖科学家的反对。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term “nuclear fission (裂变)” in a published paper.(她是德国第一位物理学教授，也是第一位在发表的论文中使用“核裂变”一词的科学家)”以及最后一段“Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages.(格蕾丝·霍珀因其在计算机编程语言开发方面的开创性工作而闻名)”可知，莉莎·迈特纳和格蕾丝·霍珀的共同之处是在各自领域都是先驱，故选D。 B When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist. Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures. In an increasingly competitive world, kids face growing pressure from parents to be perfect and severe criticism when they fall short. Every fault is a blow to their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself. When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question. How could I forget that the sea route to India was discovered by da Gama, but not Magellan? When I made the finals of a Mortal Kombat tournament and won a lifetime pass to a local movie theater, I didn’t celebrate. Third place is the second loser. When I won the first prize in a math test, I was disappointed. Only a 98? Not good enough. There was always a voice in the back of my mind whispering that it wasn’t enough and that I could have done better. It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism. I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures. 4. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. Why the author became a perfectionist. B. The disadvantage of being a perfectionist. C. How the author got the good grades in school. D. The feeling of being grateful to the author’s mother. 5. What made the author unsatisfied with what had been achieved? A. Blame from parents. B. Desire to get first prize. C. Eagerness to be perfect. D. Pressure of competitions. 6. What made the author change the attitude towards perfectionism? A. Losing expectation to succeed. B. Realizing the harm of being perfect. C. Learning lessons from other people’s failure. D. Encountering those accepting imperfection. 7. Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from? A. Parenting Styles. B. Coming-of-Age Stories. C. People of Achievement. D. Challenges Facing Youth. 【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小到大追求完美，到大学时期因遇到一些人而改变对完美主义态度的成长故事。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.(在我成长的过程中，我妈妈经常说，不管我在学校取得了什么成绩，只要我做到了最好，她就会为我感到骄傲。然后她又说：“但如果你没有得到A，我就知道你没有尽力。”她说这话时面带微笑，但我却当真了：我不应该满足于任何不完美的东西。我最大的缺点是过于追求完美)”可知，第一段主要讲的是作者成为完美主义者的原因。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures.(完美主义就是想要100%完美。目标是零错误，没有失败)”以及第三段“When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question.(当我在五年级世界探险家竞赛中获胜时，我因为错过了一道题而自责)”可知，渴望完美让作者对已经取得的成就不满意。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures.(我遇到了一些人，他们似乎没有被同样的期望所拖累，他们接受自己的错误，把它们视为成长的机会，而不是失败。他们告诉我，不完美是可以接受的，犯错误是人之常情，有时候，最重要的教训来自于我们的失败)”可知，遇到那些接受不完美的人让作者改变了对完美主义的态度。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.(我最大的缺点是过于追求完美)”以及最后一段“It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism.(在大学期间，我开始质疑这种完美主义的价值)”结合文章主要讲述了作者从小到大追求完美，到大学时期因遇到一些人而改变对完美主义态度的成长故事。可知，这篇文章可能取自杂志的“成长故事”专栏。故选B。 C Why do people today read “Pride and Prejudice”? Why do “One Hundred Years of Solitude”, “War and Peace” and “A Tale of Two Cities” still sell truckloads of copies? Because certain books impact generation after generation for decades — or even centuries — after they are written. Scholars, critics and others call such books the Great Books. In addition to standing the test of time, these notable works are considered great because of their storytelling, ideas, and far-reaching cultural impact. Reading the Great Books is like taking the well-worn track through the forest. They show you the wisdom that has successfully guided generations upon generations. The wisdom that comes from reading Great Books will better equip you to helm life. However, many of us are hesitant to read old books because they are challenging. They are often written in different time periods, cultures or languages. But every time we take a step outside of our comfort zone, we are growing into better versions of ourselves. Great Books will sharpen your intellect. They require more thinking because of their complex ideas — such as those of Plato, Aquinas or Nietzsche. More often, they are difficult because they are simply different. They pull us out of the echo chamber (回音室) of our modern, digital-dominated world into something unlike our experience. Books from different time periods will have different assumptions and values. If you allow yourself to be stretched by reading from Great Books, then you’ll find your worldview clarified. You will become someone who can handle challenging ideas and not be scared by them. Reading Great Books will also grow your sympathy for others as well as appreciation for the many factors that shape who we are as persons. The most obvious example is in classic literature that gives us a window into another person’s life. 8. What aspect of Great Books is talked about in the first two paragraphs? A. The varieties. B. The influences. C. The sales. D. The styles. 9. What does the underlined word “helm” in paragraph 2 mean? A Sustain. B. Support. C. Manage. D. Start. 10. What may be one of the benefits of reading Great Books? A. Developing critical thinking. B. Adapting to different cultures. C. Escaping from the real life. D. Stepping out of the comfort zone. 11. What is the author’s attitude towards reading Great Books? A. Doubtful. B. Dismissive. C. Unclear. D. Enthusiastic. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是名著，以及阅读名著的种种好处。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Why do people today read “Pride and Prejudice”? Why do “One Hundred Years of Solitude”, “War and Peace” and “A Tale of Two Cities” still sell truckloads of copies? Because certain books impact generation after generation for decades — or even centuries — after they are written. (为什么今天人们还读《傲慢与偏见》？为什么《百年孤独》《战争与和平》和《双城记》仍然卖得很好？因为某些书在出版后的几十年甚至几个世纪里影响着一代又一代)”和第二段中“Reading the Great Books is like taking the well-worn track through the forest. They show you the wisdom that has successfully guided generations upon generations. (阅读名著就像在森林中走一条老路。它们向你展示了成功引导了一代又一代的智慧)”可知，前两段主要讨论了名著对一代又一代人的影响。故选B项。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Reading the Great Books is like taking the well-worn track through the forest. They show you the wisdom that has successfully guided generations upon generations. (阅读名著就像在森林中走一条老路。它们向你展示了成功引导了一代又一代的智慧)”可知，阅读名著让人了解先辈们的智慧，这些智慧应该可以让人更好地掌控生活，画线词意思是“管理，掌控”，与Manage意思接近。故选C项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Great Books will sharpen your intellect. They require more thinking because of their complex ideas — such as those of Plato, Aquinas or Nietzsche. More often, they are difficult because they are simply different. They pull us out of the echo chamber (回音室) of our modern, digital-dominated world into something unlike our experience. (名著会使你的思维变得敏锐。它们需要更多的思考，因为它们的思想复杂——比如柏拉图、阿奎纳或尼采的思想。更多的时候，它们很难，因为它们完全不同。它们把我们从现代数字世界的回音室中拉了出来，进入了与我们的经历不同的世界)”可知，阅读名著会磨练人的思维，让人去思考复杂的思想，进入完全不同的世界。因此，阅读名著的一个好处是发展批判性思维。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者从多个方面阐述了阅读名著的好处，认为它们能磨练智慧、拓展世界观、增加对他人的同情心等。因此，作者对阅读名著是热情的。故选D项。 D On Christmas eve in 1956, the late Michael Bond bought a small toy bear that had been left on the shelf in a London store because he felt sorry for it. He took it home as a present for his wife and named it Paddington, after the railway station. Michael began writing about the bear from Darkest Peru and discovered he had a book on his hands. A Bear Called Paddington was published on 13th October 1958 and a whole series of tales about the charming character followed. They have been since adapted for TV and film and have stimulated the imaginations of millions. The real inspiration behind Paddington Bear is the Andean bear from South America’s cloud forests. The Andean bear is the only bear species in South America and is known for the light fur around its eyes, like glasses. The light color may variably extend down to the animals’ throats and chests, giving each individual a unique set of markings. Andean bears’ thick coats are usually either black or brown, occasionally with red. The actual Andean bear is mostly vegetarian (素食者), with a diet of bromeliad leaves, bamboo, berries, and fruits, though it also eats meat occasionally. They are found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, living in various habitats from 5,000m to 200m above sea level. The IUCN Red List estimates about 10,000 adults globally, with Bolivia and Peru likely having the most due to habitat quality and size. Andean bears require large and preferably undisturbed protected areas, and therefore need landscape-scale conservation efforts. Andean bears are excellent climbers and commonly build tree platforms from surrounding vegetation (植被), on which they rest, eat and guard feeding areas. The species tends to be most active during the day, but its movement varies seasonally and between geographic areas. 12. What function does paragraph 1 serve in the text? A. To set the tone. B. To lead in the topic. C. To preview the structure. D. To present the writing purpose. 13. What is one of the most distinctive features of the Andean bear? A. Its fur marking. B. Its living habitat. C. Its eating habit. D. Its literary image. 14. Why are Bolivia and Peru likely to have the most Andean bears? A. They build tree platforms. B. They provide plenty of food. C. They can offer suitable habitats. D. They have experienced conservationists. 15. What might be introduced about Andean bears following the last paragraph? A. Their activities. B. Their appearance. C. Their entertainment. D. Their hunting seasons. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了安第斯熊这种动物的特点、习性以及生存情况等。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“On Christmas eve in 1956, the late Michael Bond bought a small toy bear that had been left on the shelf in a London store because he felt sorry for it. He took it home as a present for his wife and named it Paddington, after the railway station. Michael began writing about the bear from Darkest Peru and discovered he had a book on his hands. A Bear Called Paddington was published on 13th October 1958 and a whole series of tales about the charming character followed. They have been since adapted for TV and film and have stimulated the imaginations of millions.(1956年的圣诞节前夕，已故的迈克尔·邦德在伦敦一家商店的货架上买了一只小玩具熊，因为他为它感到难过。他把它带回家作为送给妻子的礼物，并以火车站的名字命名为帕丁顿。迈克尔开始写这只来自秘鲁最黑暗的熊，并发现他手头有一本书。《帕丁顿熊》于1958年10月13日出版，随后又出版了一系列关于这个迷人人物的故事。这些故事后来被改编成电视剧和电影，激发了数百万人的想象力)”可知，第1段作用是引出文章话题。故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Andean bear is the only bear species in South America and is known for the light fur around its eyes, like glasses. The light color may variably extend down to the animals’ throats and chests, giving each individual a unique set of markings.(安第斯熊是南美洲唯一的熊类，以其眼睛周围的浅色皮毛而闻名，就像眼镜一样。浅色可能会延伸到动物的喉咙和胸部，给每个个体一套独特的标记)”可知，安第斯熊最独特的特征之一是其皮毛的斑纹，每只熊都有独特的斑纹，故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The IUCN Red List estimates about 10,000 adults globally, with Bolivia and Peru likely having the most due to habitat quality and size.(世界自然保护联盟红色名录估计，全球约有1万只成年安第斯熊，由于栖息地的质量和面积，玻利维亚和秘鲁可能是最多的)”可知，玻利维亚和秘鲁可能拥有最多的安第斯熊因为能提供适宜的栖息地。故选C。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The species tends to be most active during the day, but its movement varies seasonally and between geographic areas.(该物种往往在白天最活跃，但其运动随季节和地理区域而变化)”可知，接下来可能会继续介绍安第斯熊的活动，故选A。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sports injuries happen when we push our body too hard, and mistakes like running too much or not warming up enough can also cause them. ____16____ Set realistic goals. You should definitely set goals and work hard to achieve them. ____17____ Whether your goal is to swim more laps or run a specific distance, set an obtainable goal and gradually work to improve. Plan and prepare. If you plan to begin exercising regularly, you should meet with a health adviser first and discuss your options. ____18____ Working with a personal trainer is often a safe and enjoyable way to start a new activity. Warm up and cool down. It is important to warm up before physical activity because research has shown that a heated muscle is less likely to be strained (扭伤). One way experts recommend is some light walking or jogging before you start your exercise and then again afterward to help your muscles cool down slowly. ____19____ This can be done by stretching before and after a workout, but it is best to do so once the body is already warm. Take your time. Don’t push yourself too hard or too fast. ____20____ We need to allow for enough time to gradually increase training levels so that our bodies have time to adjust to the stress on our bones, joints and muscles. For instance, when you are running, increase the distance gradually and give yourself plenty of time to recover between workouts. A. Getting in shape or learning a new sport takes time. B. However, it’s crucial that your goals are realistic and achievable. C. Another important way to prevent injury is to increase your flexibility. D. Adjust your activities if your body is showing signs of too much stress. E. Also, take your time to learn the best techniques required for your sport. F. If unsure of how to do an exercise properly, ask a coach or trainer for help. G. To help keep you from experiencing such injuries, here are some preventive tips. 【答案】16. G 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就避免运动受伤提出了一些建议。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Sports injuries happen when we push our body too hard, and mistakes like running too much or not warming up enough can also cause them.(运动损伤发生在我们用力过猛的时候，像跑得太多或热身不够这样的错误也会导致运动损伤)”可知，上文提到了造成运动损伤，后文给出了避免受伤的建议，故G选项“为了帮助你避免遭受这样的伤害，这里有一些预防建议”符合语境，故选G。 【17题详解】 根据上文“You should definitely set goals and work hard to achieve them.(你一定要设定目标，并努力实现它们)”以及后文“Whether your goal is to swim more laps or run a specific distance, set an obtainable goal and gradually work to improve.(无论你的目标是多游几圈还是跑一段特定的距离，都要设定一个可实现的目标，并逐步努力提高)”可知，本句主要建议设定的目标需要切实可行，B选项achievable对应后文obtainable。故B选项“然而，重要的是你的目标要现实可行”符合语境，故选B。 【18题详解】 根据上文“If you plan to begin exercising regularly, you should meet with a health adviser first and discuss your options.(如果你计划开始定期锻炼，你应该先与健康顾问会面，讨论你的选择)”以及后文“Working with a personal trainer is often a safe and enjoyable way to start a new activity.(与私人教练一起锻炼通常是开始一项新活动的一种安全而愉快的方式)”可知，本句主要说明锻炼需要按照教练的指导，才不会受伤，故F选项“如果不确定如何正确地做运动，请向教练或教员寻求帮助”符合语境，故选F。 【19题详解】 根据上文“It is important to warm up before physical activity because research has shown that a heated muscle is less likely to be strained (扭伤). One way experts recommend is some light walking or jogging before you start your exercise and then again afterward to help your muscles cool down slowly.(运动前热身是很重要的，因为研究表明，肌肉加热后不太可能拉伤。专家建议的一种方法是在开始锻炼之前进行一些轻微的散步或慢跑，然后再进行一次，以帮助你的肌肉慢慢冷却下来)”以及后文“This can be done by stretching before and after a workout, but it is best to do so once the body is already warm.(这可以通过在锻炼前后伸展来完成，但最好是在身体已经暖和的时候进行)”可知，后文提到锻炼前后要伸展，推测本句主要说明伸展的作用，故C选项“另一个防止受伤的重要方法是增加你的柔韧性”符合语境，故选C。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Don’t push yourself too hard or too fast.(不要把自己逼得太紧或太快)”以及后文“We need to allow for enough time to gradually increase training levels so that our bodies have time to adjust to the stress on our bones, joints and muscles.(我们需要留出足够的时间来逐渐提高训练水平，这样我们的身体就有时间来适应骨骼、关节和肌肉所承受的压力)”可知，本段的主旨是运动不能心急，需要循序渐进，故A选项“保持身材或学习一项新运动需要时间”符合语境，故选A。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 More than 20 years ago, I broke away from almost everyone in my family. On the whole, I had long felt ____21____, like an outsider. In 2009, I ____22____ to start fresh with my family. It was time for me to try to ____23____ or at least sort out some small, bothersome problems. I realized my relatives — and I — might ___24___ a second chance, and besides, none of us was getting any ____25____. I decided to go family member by family member to ____26____. My mother, then 80, came first. It was she with whom I had ____27____ the deepest, most troubling rift (裂痕). Our long-overdue reunion in my hometown in New Jersey went as I had ____28____. We talked it all through — what happened and why, and how we ____29____ now. “I’m sorry,” I _____30_____ said. “I’m sorry, too,” my mother said. We held hands and _____31_____. And that was that, mother and son once again were on speaking terms. _____32_____ by this breakthrough, I would attempt the same with other close _____33_____ over the next few years. On Thanksgiving 2013, I put my _____34_____ family back together. I reunited with relatives I’d last seen 16 years earlier. There, I reestablished my relationships with my father’s two sisters, then 85 and 79, as well as three of my first cousins. We each then took turns at the dining-room table citing our reasons for _____35_____. “I’m just grateful to be welcomed back into the fold,” I said. 21. A. turned down B. left out C. brought up D. focused on 22. A. forgot B. resolved C. refused D. failed 23. A. fix B. discuss C. discover D. ignore 24. A. supply B. deserve C. avoid D. offer 25. A. older B. richer C. stronger D. younger 26. A. debate B. persuade C. reconnect D. praise 27. A. widened B. caused C. narrowed D. mended 28. A. hoped B. feared C. remembered D. observed 29. A. lie B. compete C. feel D. respond 30. A. finally B. rarely C. occasionally D. suddenly 31. A. jumped B. shouted C. argued D. hugged 32. A. Inspired B. Disappointed C. Annoyed D. Confused 33. A. friends B. strangers C. relatives D. workmates 34. A. harmonious B. poor C. nuclear D. broken 35. A. anger B. sorrow C. gratitude D. joy 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在和家中的亲属断绝关系20年以后，决定和家人重新开始。作者先是和自己的母亲修复了关系，之后逐渐是其他亲戚，作者感激再次回到家族中。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：总的说来，我一直觉得自己被忽略了，像个局外人。A. turned down拒绝；B. left out被忽略；C. brought up抚养长大；D. focused on集中。根据后文“like an outsider”可知，作者被忽略了，像个局外人。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年，我决定和我的家人重新开始。A. forgot忘记；B. resolved决定；C. refused拒绝；D. failed失败。根据后文“to start fresh with my family”可知，作者决定和家人重新开始，为短语resolve to do sth.。后文“I decided to go family member by family member to”也是提示。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，是时候尝试解决或至少解决一些小的、令人烦恼的问题了。A. fix解决；B. discuss讨论；C. discover发现；D. ignore忽视。根据后文“or at least sort out some small, bothersome problems”可知，此处指尝试解决或至少解决一些小的、令人烦恼的问题，故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我的亲戚们——还有我——应该得到第二次机会，再说，我们谁也不再年轻了。A. supply供应；B. deserve值得；C. avoid避免；D. offer提议。根据后文“a second chance”可知，作者认为自己和亲戚都值得第二次机会，故选B。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我的亲戚们——还有我——应该得到第二次机会，再说，我们谁也不再年轻了。A. older更老的；B. richer更富有的；C. stronger更强壮的；D. younger更年轻的。根据前文“a second chance, and besides, none of us was getting any”可知，作者决定给第二次机会是因为他们都不在年轻了。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定一个家庭一个家庭地去重新联系。A. debate辩论；B. persuade说服；C. reconnect重新沟通；D. praise赞美。根据前文“More than 20 years ago, I broke away from almost everyone in my family.(20多年前，我和家里几乎所有人都分开了)”可知，和家人分开，如今要一个家庭一个家庭地去重新联系。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和她之间产生了最深、最令人不安的裂痕。A. widened变宽；B. caused造成；C. narrowed使缩小；D. mended修补。根据后文“the deepest, most troubling rift”可知，两人之间产生了很深的裂痕。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在新泽西老家久违的重聚如我所愿。A. hoped希望；B. feared恐惧；C. remembered记得；D. observed观察。根据后文“We talked it all through — what happened and why, and how we”可知，作者和母亲重逢了和好了，所以是如作者希望的那样，故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们把一切都谈了一遍——发生了什么，为什么发生，以及我们现在的感受。A. lie撒谎；B. compete比赛；C. feel感觉；D. respond回答。根据前文“We talked it all through — what happened and why, and how we”可知，他们谈论发生的事情以及当下的感受。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“对不起，”我最后说。A. finally最后；B. rarely很少；C. occasionally偶尔；D. suddenly突然。根据前文“I’m sorry”可知，作者最后为自己和母亲之间的裂痕道歉了，故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们手牵着手拥抱。A. jumped跳跃；B. shouted叫喊；C. argued争论；D. hugged拥抱。根据前文“We held hands and”可知，作者和母亲和好了，所以手牵着手拥抱，其他选项不符合语境。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到这一突破的启发，在接下来的几年里，我将对其他近亲进行同样的尝试。A. Inspired受启发的；B. Disappointed失望的；C. Annoyed生气的；D. Confused困惑的。根据后文“by this breakthrough, I would attempt the same with other close”可知，作者受到了和母亲修复关系的启发后，开始尝试和其他亲戚修复关系。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：受到这一突破的启发，在接下来的几年里，我将对其他近亲进行同样的尝试。A. friends朋友；B. strangers陌生人；C. relatives亲戚；D. workmates同事。呼应前文“I realized my relatives — and I”可知，作者对其他亲戚也尝试修复关系，故选C。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2013年的感恩节，我让破碎的家庭重归于好。A. harmonious和谐的；B. poor贫穷的；C. nuclear核心的；D. broken破碎的。根据后文“I reunited with relatives I’d last seen 16 years earlier. There, I reestablished my relationships with my father’s two sisters, then 85 and 79, as well as three of my first cousins.(我和16年前最后一次见面的亲戚团聚了。在那里，我和父亲的两个姐妹（当时分别是85岁和79岁）以及我的三个表兄妹重新建立了关系)”可知，作者让破碎的家庭重归于好。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我们每个人轮流在餐桌上说出我们感恩的理由。A. anger生气；B. sorrow悲伤；C. gratitude感激；D. joy快乐。根据前文“On Thanksgiving 2013”以及后文“I’m just grateful to be welcomed back into the fold(我很感激你们欢迎我回来)”可知，每个人轮流说出感恩的理由。故选C。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Forbidden City is the largest medieval (中世纪的) palace architecture in the world, and was the main palace of China’s final two dynasties: the Ming and Qing dynasties. It covers a vast area, ____36____ is about 150,000 square meters, and includes many buildings. While most of the buildings in the Forbidden City ____37____ (make) from wood and have a similar style, its architecture is rich ____38____ delicate variations and symbolism. It has some of the grandest and most historically ____39____ (significance) buildings and features in China. Feng shui is ____40____ key feature of the Forbidden City. ____41____ (base) on the principles of feng shui, the layout was designed to be symmetrical (对称的). Emphasizing the union between mankind and nature is one of the most important ____42____ (practice) within Chinese traditions and philosophy. ____43____ (maintain) balance and harmony, all the main buildings were constructed symmetrically along the central axis (轴). The Palace of Heavenly Purity ____44____ (particular) reflects this idea. Also, according to traditional Chinese culture, the status of the left side is much _____45_____ (great) than the right side. Therefore, the Imperial Ancestral Temple was constructed on the left-hand side of the south-north axis, and the Altar of Earth and Harvests was situated on the right-hand side. 【答案】36. which 37. are made 38. in 39. significant 40. a 41. Based 42. practices 43. To maintain 44. particularly 45. greater 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了故宫的一些建筑特色以及建筑理念。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它占地面积很大，约15万平方米，包括许多建筑。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词area，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。 【37题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：虽然故宫的大部分建筑都是木制的，风格相似，但它的建筑却充满了微妙的变化和象征意义。根据后文is可知为一般现在时，此处从句主语most of the buildings in the Forbidden City与谓语构成被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are made。 【38题详解】 考查介词。句意：虽然故宫的大部分建筑都是木制的，风格相似，但它的建筑却充满了微妙的变化和象征意义。短语be rich in表示“充满”。故填in。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它拥有中国最宏伟、最具历史意义的建筑和特色。修饰名词buildings用形容词significant。故填significant。 【40题详解】 考查冠词。句意：风水是故宫的一大特色。此处feature为泛指，且key是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据风水原理，布局被设计成对称的。短语be based on表示“基于”，过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Based。 【42题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：强调人与自然的结合是中国传统和哲学中最重要的实践之一。此处为短语one of+最高级+可数名词复数。故填practices。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保持平衡与和谐，所有的主要建筑都沿着中轴线对称地建造。此处maintain作目的状语，用不定式，首字母大写。故填To maintain。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：乾清宫尤其体现了这一理念。修饰动词reflect用副词particularly，故填particularly。 【45题详解】 考查比较级。句意：此外，根据中国传统文化，左侧的地位比右侧大得多。根据后文than可知为比较级。故填greater。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是国际学校音乐社团的负责人李华，你校准备组建一个多语种合唱团(multilingual choir)，想邀请学校的英国老师Mr. Black来做音乐指导(instructor)。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 写邮件的目的； 2. 邀请理由。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Black, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Mr. Black, I hope this email finds you well. I am Li Hua, the head of the music club at our international school. I am writing to invite you to serve as the instructor for our newly established multilingual choir. Your extensive experience in music and your proficiency in multiple languages make you the perfect candidate to guide our choir in exploring the wonders of multicultural music. We believe that with your expertise, our choir will thrive and bring harmonious melodies to our school community. Looking forward to your positive response. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你校准备组建一个多语种合唱团，要求考生写邮件邀请学校的英国老师Mr. Black来做音乐指导。 【详解】1.词汇积累 担任：serve as→work as 广泛的：extensive→wide 专业知识：expertise→professional knowledge 繁荣：thrive→flourish 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：We believe that with your expertise, our choir will thrive and bring harmonious melodies to our school community. 拓展句：We hold the belief that with your expertise, our choir will thrive and bring harmonious melodies to our school community. 【点睛】[高分句型1] We believe that with your expertise, our choir will thrive and bring harmonious melodies to our school community. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] Your extensive experience in music and your proficiency in multiple languages make you the perfect candidate to guide our choir in exploring the wonders of multicultural music. (运用了不定式作后置定语) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 We’d just downsized our home. As grateful as I was to have a roof over our heads, I couldn’t help but feel blue. Our old house was beautiful and huge. Our current home? Half the size and crowded. We’d had to give away or throw away a lot of our stuff. But there were still boxes everywhere, from the family room to the garage (车库). The day after the move, while the kids were in school, I tackled more boxes. By the afternoon, I’d made real progress. The furniture was unpacked. The photos were hanging on the walls. But it just didn’t feel like home. Maybe I could change that. I checked the kitchen cupboard and saw that I had enough ingredients to bake chocolate chip cookies. Just like my grandma used to make whenever I needed cheering up. Wouldn’t that be a nice surprise for the kids? When they got home from school, there’d be fresh cookies waiting for them on the kitchen counter. I put on my apron (围裙), measured out the brown sugar and butter and got to work. One by one, I added eggs to the mixer (搅拌机). POP! What in the world? The mixer stopped working. My mixer was broken. “Really?!” I felt like screaming. It was just a kitchen device, but it felt like the last straw. What more did I have to give up? What would my grandma do? She’d lived through the Great Depression and had lost everything. Even in the face of hardship, she’d kept her family together. She used whatever she had to get by. Grandma wouldn’t quit. She’d find another way. Inspired, I ran to the garage and searched the remaining boxes. Found it! I pulled out Grandma’s old white mixer. The one she’d passed on to me. She’d purchased it back in the 50’s and it was ancient. I’d marked the box it was in as “easily broken”, but the movers hadn’t paid attention. They’d dropped it anyway. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I wondered if it still worked. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Two hours later, the kids opened the door and said, “Mmmm, cookies!” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 I wondered if it still worked. With a mixture of hope and doubt, I plugged it in and turned it on. To my surprise, the old mixer hummed to life, blending the ingredients with a satisfying rhythm. It wasn’t as powerful as my modern one, but it was doing its job. As I continued mixing, I thought about how she had always been able to find joy in the simplest things. This old mixer was a symbol of her resilience and determination. I was determined to make the best cookies possible with it, just like she had done for me so many times before. Two hours later, the kids opened the door and said, “Mmmm, cookies!” Their faces lit up with surprise and delight as they saw the plate of freshly baked chocolate chip cookies on the kitchen counter. They each took a cookie, bit into it, and sighed with happiness. I watched them, feeling a deep sense of satisfaction. The cookies had done their magic, bringing a touch of warmth and love to our smaller space. And as I looked at Grandma’s old mixer, I realized that sometimes, the things we think are broken can still bring us the greatest joy. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者家刚刚缩小了房子的面积，现在房子又小又拥挤，作者很沮丧。于是为了有家的感觉，作者检查了厨房的橱柜，发现有足够的材料来烤巧克力饼干。作者最后通过奶奶的老式白色搅拌器制作出了饼干，这也让作者重拾了对生活的信心和勇气。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我想知道它是否还能用”可知，第一段可描写作者开始使用奶奶的搅拌器制作饼干的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“两个小时后，孩子们打开门说：‘嗯，饼干！’”可知，第二段可描写孩子们吃到饼干以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：使用搅拌机——制作饼干——饼干做好——孩子吃饼干——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①继续：continue/go on ②决定：be determined to/decide to/resolve ③意识到：realize/be aware of 情绪类 ①乐趣：joy/fun ②快乐：happiness/pleasure 【点睛】[高分句型1] As I continued mixing, I thought about how she had always been able to find joy in the simplest things. (运用了as引导时间状语从句，how引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] I watched them, feeling a deep sense of satisfaction. (运用了现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 菏泽市2024—2025学年度第一学期期末考试 英语试题 本试题卷共8页。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3. 非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where does this conversation take place? A. In a car. B. In a repair shop. C. On an island. 2. Why is the woman going to Trader Joe’s so early in the morning? A. To avoid the crowds. B. To meet some folks. C. To buy special things. 3. What is the man’s suggestion to the woman? A. Teaching her son by herself. B. Asking the teacher for help. C. Having no worry about her son. 4. What would the woman like to watch at first? A. A cartoon. B. A comedy. C. A science fiction movie. 5. What does the man think of the woman’s decision? A. Exciting. B. Surprising. C. Wise. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Where will the event probably be held? A. At the bookstore. B. In a lecture hall. C. In the town square. 7. How does the man plan to promote the event? A. By advertising in the newspaper. B. By broadcasting on television. C. By putting up posters. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What is the woman probably? A. A hostess. B. A professor. C. A secretary. 9. What is Mr. Barclay’s advice? A. Studying hard. B. Maintaining grades. C. Keeping balance in life. 10. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Internet addiction. B. Popular mobile apps. C. Young men’s problems. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. What is the man doing? A. Making an invitation. B. Offering information. C. Asking for permission. 12. What time is the woman going to see the dentist this Saturday? A. At 10:30 a. m. B. At 12:30 p. m. C. At 4:30 p. m. 13. What is the woman going to do after seeing the dentist? A. Clean the house. B. Take a walk by the lake. C. Help Jim with his science project. 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。 14. Where does Thomas Manning work? A. In a library. B. At a radio station. C. In the Guinness Company. 15. Where did the idea of a book of records come from? A. A visit to Europe. B. A bird-shooting trip. C. A television talk show. 16. When did Sir Hugh’s first book of records appear? A. In 1955. B. In 1950. C. In 1915. 17. What are the speakers going to discuss next? A. The founder of the company. B. The fastest bird in the world. C. More records of unusual facts. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18 When can people in Hangzhou walk dogs? A. At 6:00 a. m. B. At 11:00 a. m. C. At 4:00 p. m. 19. How much will a Hangzhou citizen be fined if he walks his dog without a rope? A. 400 yuan. B. 1,000 yuan. C. 3,000 yuan. 20. What is the dog owner’s complaint? A. Dogs must be registered. B. Dog walking hours are improper. C. Dog walking places are limited. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Four Famous Female Scientists Katherine Johnson Katherine Johnson graduated from college — with honors — at the same age most people graduated from high school. She later applied to a program at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and earned a spot as one of the agency’s human computers. One of Katherine’s most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969. While NASA began using computers for the task in 1962, astronaut John Glenn refused to go into flight until Katherine checked the computer’s calculations by hand. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin When Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin became the first woman to receive a PhD from Harvard’s Radeliffe College, no one knew how much her doctoral paper would change the world of science. Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (氦) contradicted the main theory of the time, and some of the day’s leading scientists openly questioned her findings. It would take more than a decade for another scientist to reach the same conclusion. Lise Meitner Lise Meitner is one of only two women to have an element named in her honor — the element with the atomic number 109 is called meitnerium. She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term“nuclear fission (裂变)” in a published paper. During her career, she discovered what causes the Auger Effect, explained how nuclear fission works, and uncovered the element protactinium (镤). Grace Hopper Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages. She began her career in computing and worked on the Harvard Mark I computer program. Later, she created the first program that translated code into machine language, and also developed the COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) programming language. 1. What was one of Katherine Johnson’s significant contributions? A. She earned a PhD from Harvard. B. She developed a programming language. C. She explained how nuclear fission works. D. She calculated the path for major space missions. 2. Whose conclusion about stars faced opposition from leading scientists? A. Katherine Johnson’s. B. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin’s. C. Lise Meitner’s. D. Grace Hopper’s. 3. What do Lise Meitner and Grace Hopper have in common? A. They graduated from Harvard. B. They discovered new elements. C. They worked on something about computers. D. They were both pioneers in their own field. B When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist. Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures. In an increasingly competitive world, kids face growing pressure from parents to be perfect and severe criticism when they fall short. Every fault is a blow to their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself. When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question. How could I forget that the sea route to India was discovered by da Gama, but not Magellan? When I made the finals of a Mortal Kombat tournament and won a lifetime pass to a local movie theater, I didn’t celebrate. Third place is the second loser. When I won the first prize in a math test, I was disappointed. Only a 98? Not good enough. There was always a voice in the back of my mind whispering that it wasn’t enough and that I could have done better. It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism. I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures. 4. What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A. Why the author became a perfectionist. B. The disadvantage of being a perfectionist. C. How the author got the good grades in school. D. The feeling of being grateful to the author’s mother. 5. What made the author unsatisfied with what had been achieved? A. Blame from parents. B. Desire to get first prize. C. Eagerness to be perfect. D. Pressure of competitions. 6. What made the author change the attitude towards perfectionism? A. Losing expectation to succeed. B. Realizing the harm of being perfect. C. Learning lessons from other people’s failure. D. Encountering those accepting imperfection. 7. Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from? A. Parenting Styles. B. Coming-of-Age Stories. C. People of Achievement. D. Challenges Facing Youth. C Why do people today read “Pride and Prejudice”? Why do “One Hundred Years of Solitude”, “War and Peace” and “A Tale of Two Cities” still sell truckloads of copies? Because certain books impact generation after generation for decades — or even centuries — after they are written. Scholars, critics and others call such books the Great Books. In addition to standing the test of time, these notable works are considered great because of their storytelling, ideas, and far-reaching cultural impact. Reading the Great Books is like taking the well-worn track through the forest. They show you the wisdom that has successfully guided generations upon generations. The wisdom that comes from reading Great Books will better equip you to helm life. However, many of us are hesitant to read old books because they are challenging. They are often written in different time periods, cultures or languages. But every time we take a step outside of our comfort zone, we are growing into better versions of ourselves. Great Books will sharpen your intellect. They require more thinking because of their complex ideas — such as those of Plato, Aquinas or Nietzsche. More often, they are difficult because they are simply different. They pull us out of the echo chamber (回音室) of our modern, digital-dominated world into something unlike our experience. Books from different time periods will have different assumptions and values. If you allow yourself to be stretched by reading from Great Books, then you’ll find your worldview clarified. You will become someone who can handle challenging ideas and not be scared by them. Reading Great Books will also grow your sympathy for others as well as appreciation for the many factors that shape who we are as persons. The most obvious example is in classic literature that gives us a window into another person’s life. 8 What aspect of Great Books is talked about in the first two paragraphs? A. The varieties. B. The influences. C. The sales. D. The styles. 9. What does the underlined word “helm” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Sustain. B. Support. C. Manage. D. Start. 10. What may be one of the benefits of reading Great Books? A. Developing critical thinking. B. Adapting to different cultures. C. Escaping from the real life. D. Stepping out of the comfort zone. 11. What is the author’s attitude towards reading Great Books? A. Doubtful. B. Dismissive. C. Unclear. D. Enthusiastic. D On Christmas eve in 1956, the late Michael Bond bought a small toy bear that had been left on the shelf in a London store because he felt sorry for it. He took it home as a present for his wife and named it Paddington, after the railway station. Michael began writing about the bear from Darkest Peru and discovered he had a book on his hands. A Bear Called Paddington was published on 13th October 1958 and a whole series of tales about the charming character followed. They have been since adapted for TV and film and have stimulated the imaginations of millions. The real inspiration behind Paddington Bear is the Andean bear from South America’s cloud forests. The Andean bear is the only bear species in South America and is known for the light fur around its eyes, like glasses. The light color may variably extend down to the animals’ throats and chests, giving each individual a unique set of markings. Andean bears’ thick coats are usually either black or brown, occasionally with red. The actual Andean bear is mostly vegetarian (素食者), with a diet of bromeliad leaves, bamboo, berries, and fruits, though it also eats meat occasionally. They are found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela, living in various habitats from 5,000m to 200m above sea level. The IUCN Red List estimates about 10,000 adults globally, with Bolivia and Peru likely having the most due to habitat quality and size. Andean bears require large and preferably undisturbed protected areas, and therefore need landscape-scale conservation efforts. Andean bears are excellent climbers and commonly build tree platforms from surrounding vegetation (植被), on which they rest, eat and guard feeding areas. The species tends to be most active during the day, but its movement varies seasonally and between geographic areas. 12. What function does paragraph 1 serve in the text? A. To set the tone. B. To lead in the topic. C. To preview the structure. D. To present the writing purpose. 13. What is one of the most distinctive features of the Andean bear? A. Its fur marking. B. Its living habitat. C. Its eating habit. D. Its literary image. 14. Why are Bolivia and Peru likely to have the most Andean bears? A. They build tree platforms. B. They provide plenty of food. C. They can offer suitable habitats. D. They have experienced conservationists. 15. What might be introduced about Andean bears following the last paragraph? A. Their activities. B. Their appearance. C. Their entertainment. D. Their hunting seasons. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sports injuries happen when we push our body too hard, and mistakes like running too much or not warming up enough can also cause them. ____16____ Set realistic goals. You should definitely set goals and work hard to achieve them. ____17____ Whether your goal is to swim more laps or run a specific distance, set an obtainable goal and gradually work to improve. Plan and prepare. If you plan to begin exercising regularly, you should meet with a health adviser first and discuss your options. ____18____ Working with a personal trainer is often a safe and enjoyable way to start a new activity. Warm up and cool down. It is important to warm up before physical activity because research has shown that a heated muscle is less likely to be strained (扭伤). One way experts recommend is some light walking or jogging before you start your exercise and then again afterward to help your muscles cool down slowly. ____19____ This can be done by stretching before and after a workout, but it is best to do so once the body is already warm. Take your time. Don’t push yourself too hard or too fast. ____20____ We need to allow for enough time to gradually increase training levels so that our bodies have time to adjust to the stress on our bones, joints and muscles. For instance, when you are running, increase the distance gradually and give yourself plenty of time to recover between workouts. A. Getting in shape or learning a new sport takes time. B. However, it’s crucial that your goals are realistic and achievable. C. Another important way to prevent injury is to increase your flexibility. D. Adjust your activities if your body is showing signs of too much stress. E. Also, take your time to learn the best techniques required for your sport. F. If unsure of how to do an exercise properly, ask a coach or trainer for help. G. To help keep you from experiencing such injuries, here are some preventive tips. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 More than 20 years ago, I broke away from almost everyone in my family. On the whole, I had long felt ____21____, like an outsider. In 2009, I ____22____ to start fresh with my family. It was time for me to try to ____23____ or at least sort out some small, bothersome problems. I realized my relatives — and I — might ___24___ a second chance, and besides, none of us was getting any ____25____. I decided to go family member by family member to ____26____. My mother, then 80, came first. It was she with whom I had ____27____ the deepest, most troubling rift (裂痕). Our long-overdue reunion in my hometown in New Jersey went as I had ____28____. We talked it all through — what happened and why, and how we ____29____ now. “I’m sorry,” I _____30_____ said. “I’m sorry, too,” my mother said. We held hands and _____31_____. And that was that, mother and son once again were on speaking terms. _____32_____ by this breakthrough, I would attempt the same with other close _____33_____ over the next few years. On Thanksgiving 2013, I put my _____34_____ family back together. I reunited with relatives I’d last seen 16 years earlier. There, I reestablished my relationships with my father’s two sisters, then 85 and 79, as well as three of my first cousins. We each then took turns at the dining-room table citing our reasons for _____35_____. “I’m just grateful to be welcomed back into the fold,” I said. 21. A. turned down B. left out C. brought up D. focused on 22. A. forgot B. resolved C. refused D. failed 23. A. fix B. discuss C. discover D. ignore 24. A. supply B. deserve C. avoid D. offer 25. A. older B. richer C. stronger D. younger 26. A. debate B. persuade C. reconnect D. praise 27. A. widened B. caused C. narrowed D. mended 28. A. hoped B. feared C. remembered D. observed 29. A. lie B. compete C. feel D. respond 30. A. finally B. rarely C. occasionally D. suddenly 31. A. jumped B. shouted C. argued D. hugged 32. A. Inspired B. Disappointed C. Annoyed D. Confused 33. A. friends B. strangers C. relatives D. workmates 34 A. harmonious B. poor C. nuclear D. broken 35. A. anger B. sorrow C. gratitude D. joy 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Forbidden City is the largest medieval (中世纪的) palace architecture in the world, and was the main palace of China’s final two dynasties: the Ming and Qing dynasties. It covers a vast area, ____36____ is about 150,000 square meters, and includes many buildings. While most of the buildings in the Forbidden City ____37____ (make) from wood and have a similar style its architecture is rich ____38____ delicate variations and symbolism. It has some of the grandest and most historically ____39____ (significance) buildings and features in China. Feng shui is ____40____ key feature of the Forbidden City. ____41____ (base) on the principles of feng shui, the layout was designed to be symmetrical (对称的). Emphasizing the union between mankind and nature is one of the most important ____42____ (practice) within Chinese traditions and philosophy. ____43____ (maintain) balance and harmony, all the main buildings were constructed symmetrically along the central axis (轴). The Palace of Heavenly Purity ____44____ (particular) reflects this idea. Also, according to traditional Chinese culture, the status of the left side is much _____45_____ (great) than the right side. Therefore, the Imperial Ancestral Temple was constructed on the left-hand side of the south-north axis, and the Altar of Earth and Harvests was situated on the right-hand side. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是国际学校音乐社团的负责人李华，你校准备组建一个多语种合唱团(multilingual choir)，想邀请学校的英国老师Mr. Black来做音乐指导(instructor)。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 写邮件的目的； 2. 邀请理由。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mr. Black, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 We’d just downsized our home. As grateful as I was to have a roof over our heads, I couldn’t help but feel blue. Our old house was beautiful and huge. Our current home? Half the size and crowded. We’d had to give away or throw away a lot of our stuff. But there were still boxes everywhere, from the family room to the garage (车库). The day after the move, while the kids were in school, I tackled more boxes. By the afternoon, I’d made real progress. The furniture was unpacked. The photos were hanging on the walls. But it just didn’t feel like home. Maybe I could change that. I checked the kitchen cupboard and saw that I had enough ingredients to bake chocolate chip cookies. Just like my grandma used to make whenever I needed cheering up. Wouldn’t that be a nice surprise for the kids? When they got home from school, there’d be fresh cookies waiting for them on the kitchen counter. I put on my apron (围裙), measured out the brown sugar and butter and got to work. One by one, I added eggs to the mixer (搅拌机). POP! What in the world? The mixer stopped working. My mixer was broken. “Really?!” I felt like screaming. It was just a kitchen device, but it felt like the last straw. What more did I have to give up? What would my grandma do? She’d lived through the Great Depression and had lost everything. Even in the face of hardship, she’d kept her family together. She used whatever she had to get by. Grandma wouldn’t quit. She’d find another way. Inspired, I ran to the garage and searched the remaining boxes. Found it! I pulled out Grandma’s old white mixer. The one she’d passed on to me. She’d purchased it back in the 50’s and it was ancient. I’d marked the box it was in as “easily broken”, but the movers hadn’t paid attention. They’d dropped it anyway. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I wondered if it still worked. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Two hours later, the kids opened the door and said, “Mmmm, cookies!” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$