必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（外研版 鲁琼辽津渝粤贵桂黑京晋）

Ⅰ.认阅读单词 1．gunpowder n．火药 2．compass n．指南针，罗盘 3．virtual adj.虚拟的，模拟的 4．battery n．电池 5．compute v．计算 6．stuff n．东西，物品 7．astronomer n．天文学家 8．Gregorian calendar 公历，阳历(自1582年起在西方使用的历法) 9．species n．物种 10．stream n．小河，小溪 11．radium n．镭(一种化学元素) 12．lightning n．闪电 13．fiction n．虚构的事，想象的事 14．metal n．金属 15．gravity n．重力，引力 Ⅱ.记重点单词 1．press v．按 2．shoot v．射出(光、亮等)，放射 3．desire n．渴望，欲望 4．passive adj.被动的 5．beyond prep.无法…… 6．instance n．例子，实例 7．extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的 8．brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 9．theory n．学说，理论 10．mental adj.精神的；精神健康的 11．cure n．药剂；疗法 12．draft v．起草，草拟 13．experiment n．(科学)实验 14．flash n．闪光 15．entirely adv.完全地，彻底地 16．account n．记述，描述 17．proof n．证明，证据 18．procedure n．程序，步骤，手续 Ⅲ.知拓展单词 1．flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→flexibly adv.灵活地；有弹性地→flexibility n．灵活性；弹性；适应性 2．capable adj.有能力的→capability n．能力 3．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n．重要性，意义 4．injure v．使受伤，弄伤→injury n．伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的 5．chemist n．化学家；药剂师；药房→chemistry n．化学→chemical adj.化学的 6．biologist n．生物学家→biology n．生理；生物学→biological adj.生物学的 7．accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地→accuracy n．精确度，准确度 8．minor adj.小的→minority n．少数 9．origin n．起源，起因→original adj.最初的，原始的→originally adv.最初地，原始地 10．declaration n．声明，宣告→declare v．宣布 11．attach v．系，绑；贴→attached adj.附加的；依恋的→attachment n．附件；依恋；连接物 12．conduct v．传导(热、电)；指挥；实施→conductor n．指挥；售票员 13．scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家 增加词汇来助力 1．consideration n．考虑；体谅 2．consistent adj.一贯的；一致的 3．consult vt.咨询；请教；商量 4．contradict vt.反驳；相矛盾 5．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的 6．contrary adj.相反的 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．wearable tech 可穿戴技术 2．in addition 除此之外，另外 3．never say never 别轻易说决不 4．natural selection 自然选择 5．field research 实地研究，实地调研 6．in terms of 按照；在……方面 7．along with沿(顺)着；连同……一起 8．take place 发生；举行 9．die from死于；因……而死 10．instead of代替；而不是 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．There have been golden ages of invention throughout history.(there be 句型) 历史上出现过很多发明创造的黄金时代。 2．And now，we find ourselves in the great new age of technology.(find＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 而现在，我们自己正处于伟大的科技新时代。 3．In terms of the environment，it is now possible to create an intelligent walking house.(it is possible to do) 在环境领域，建造智能可移动房屋现在已成为可能。 4．So what is it that inspires us to invent things？(强调句型) 那么，是什么激励着人们去发明创造呢？ 5．But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.(虚拟语气) 但科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会被电死。 6．In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head.(more than one作主语) 事实上，多处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。 请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 Nowadays，many capable people desire to invent 1.stuff that can make people’s life easier，which is significant.For 2.instance，many brilliant housewives make a lot of extraordinary minor inventions，which is a 3.proof that everyone can make a difference to our life beyond our own expectations.Some fail many times but they never say never.They 4.conduct experiments over and over again until they’re satisfied. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 desire n．渴望，欲望；要求 vt.渴望，希望；要求 •have a strong desire to do sth迫切想要做某事 have a strong desire for sth急于想得到某物 •desire to do sth渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth希望某人做某事 desire that...(should) do...渴望…… (1)It is obvious that he is not ambitious and has no desire for success. (2)We desire that immediate help (should) be given(give) to the people trapped by the flood. (3)The foreign students were greatly impressed by those forms of Chinese art and desired to learn(learn) more about them. (4)既然你有强烈的学习中国文化的愿望，我建议你申请北京大学。 Since you have a strong desire to learn Chinese culture，I suggest you apply for Peking University. significant adj.重要的，影响深远的；显著的 (significantly adv.有重大意义地；显著地；别有含义地；意味深长地 significance n．重要性，意义) be of great significance(＝be very significant)非常重要 be of no significance无意义，不重要 attach significance to 认为……有意义 (1)Not only does she attach great significance(significant) to reading，but she also spares at least 20 minutes every day to read. (2)[普通表达]There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture is very significant to Chinese cultural diversity. [高级表达]There is no doubt that the protection of traditional culture is of great significance to Chinese cultural diversity. (3)通过参加这次采摘活动，我已经意识到了劳动的重要性。(2020·全国Ⅱ) Through participating in this picking activity，I have become aware of the significance of labour. injure v．使受伤，弄伤 (injury n．伤害，损伤 injured adj.受伤的) •get injured受伤 •do sb an injury伤害某人 •the injured伤者 (1)He never says never so I firmly believe that he will recover from the injury(injure) soon. (2)The injured were sent to the hospital nearby by the rescue team to treat their injuries.(injure) (3)尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。 Though he injured his leg/Though having injured his leg，he was determined to finish the marathon. cure n．药剂；疗法 vt.治愈；治疗；纠正/去除(弊端等) •a cure for...……的治疗方法；治愈……的方法 •cure sb of sth治愈某人的某种疾病；矫正/改正某人的不良行为 (1)Music has a magic power to bring relief and satisfaction and even cure people of diseases. (2)看到病人们遭受极大的痛苦，医生们尽最大努力寻找治疗这种疾病的新疗法。 Seeing patients suffering great pains，doctors tried their best to seek a new cure for the disease. (3)在父母和老师的帮助下，我改正了自己的一些不好的学习习惯，并在学习上取得了进步。(话题写作之学校生活) With the help of my parents and teachers，I cured myself of some bad learning habits and made progress in my study. attach v．系，绑，贴；喜欢，依恋；附在……上；认为有重要性 (attached adj.喜爱的；依恋的；附属于 attachment n．附件，附属物) •attach sth to...把某物连接到/附在……上 attach oneself to依附……；缠着…… attach importance/significance/value to...重视；认为……重要/有意义/有价值 •be attached to被连接到……；爱慕；附属于 (1)On her birthday she received a box of chocolates with a card attached to it，saying “Happy birthday！” (2)In addition，the hospital attached(attach) to the medical college nearby was destroyed in the flood. (3)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(应用文写作之建议信) You can never attach too much significance to reading during the course of learning language. account n．记述，描述账目；(银行)账户；说明；计算；理由 v．认为；说明；总计有 •on account of由于，因为 take account of(＝take...into account/consideration)考虑到……，把……考虑进去 on no account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) •account for说明；做出解释；占……(比例) (1)According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption. (2)He suffered a kind of mental disease on account of his failure in the exam. (3)他心想，他决不会再犯同样的错误。(读后续写之心理描写) On no account would he make the same mistake again，he thought to himself. (4)如果你考虑我的申请我将不胜感激。(应用文写作之申请信) I would be very grateful if you could take my application into account/consideration. 用法点拨　表示“决不”的短语还有：in no case，at no time，in no sense，in no way，by no means，on no condition，under no circumstances，on no consideration，on no occasion等。 more than one作主语　In fact，more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple，there is no proof that it hit him on the head.事实上，多处资料显示，虽然牛顿的灵感确实来源于掉落的苹果，但没有证据表明这个苹果恰巧砸在了他的脑袋上。 more than one，many a意为“不止一个”，后跟可数名词单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 (1)Many a famous pop star has (have) been ruined by drugs，which has a bad effect on young people. (2)邀请了不止一个专家就他们取得了非凡成绩的领域发表演讲。(话题写作之活动介绍) More than one/Many an expert was invited to deliver a speech about the field where they have made extraordinary achievements. 1．(2022·全国甲)Sometime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney，Australia. 在20世纪60年代初的某个时候，澳大利亚悉尼市发生了一件重大的事情。 2．(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 大熊猫也是一种充当了保护伞似的物种，为中国西南部和西北部的许多动植物带来了保护。 3．(2020·全国Ⅱ)In any given office，employees can range from 22 to 70 and beyond，and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 在任何一个特定的办公室里，员工的年龄范围可能在22岁到70岁及以上，那么在沟通方式上找到共同点可能是一个挑战。 4．(2020·浙江7月)For all of Bellevue’s success，adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. 对于贝尔维尤的成功，自适应信号灯并不是解决交通拥堵问题的灵丹妙药。 5．(2019·全国Ⅱ)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible. 另一种设定现实目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标，牢记你的信念、价值观和长处。请记住，目标是灵活的。 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．press (1)I don’t want the public，especially the press to know about this matter at this stage. D (2)They are pressing us to make a quick decision. B (3)In case of emergency，break the glass and press the button. A (4)He pressed through the crowd towards the superstar. C 2．conduct (1)He was discharged from the police force because of his improper conduct. B (2)To get solid proof，he conducted the investigation. C (3)He was invited to conduct a concert in America. A 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)A one-minute scene in a movie takes days to shoot.拍摄 (2)He sat at the table stuffing himself.吃得过饱 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．He rose to his feet and said that it couldn’t be measured in terms of money. 2．In my opinion，his perseverance may account for his achievements in his work. 3．These activities seemed to satisfy my desire to be(be) useful and to feel a meaningful connection to the lives of others. 4．In addition，the major problems which should be paid attention to are discussed. 5．Worried about her only son，the mother often pressed her son to study(study) harder. 6．Many a volunteer donates(donate) money to the institutionset set up to help people with cancer. 7．Trying to cure the woman of her illness，the doctor tried to find a new treatment. 8．To his relief，his son is studying in a middle school attached(attach) to a famous university. 9．My cousin has changed so much that he is now beyond recognition. 10．He was injured(injure) on the way to school and his classmates went to see him and aid him. Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练 (研究性学习实施前后的变化) 1．自从研究性学习被引入我校，我们的校园生活发生了巨大变化。(there be 句型) There have been great changes in our school life since the exploring study was introduced to our school. 2．现在他们可以在书海中尽情享受了。(it is possible...) It is possible for them to enjoy themselves in the ocean of books now. 3．我发现更丰富多彩的课程，包括传统文化课程、游泳以及演讲课程，都被纳入了我们的课程。(find ＋宾语＋宾语补足语) I find more colorful subjects including traditional culture courses，swimming，along with speech courses brought to our curriculum. 4．如果不进行研究性学习，我们就不会享受如此有意义和充实的学校生活。(虚拟语气) If the exploring study wasn’t carried out，we wouldn’t enjoy such a meaningful and fulfilling school life. 5．不止一个学生高度评价研究性学习活动，希望它能继续进行。(more than one) More than one student speaks highly of the exploring study，hoping it’ll go on. Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练 教材续写语料 1．人物描写 capable adj.有能力的 never say never 别轻易说决不 brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 biologist n．生物学家 2．动作描写 shoot v．拍摄 injure v．使受伤，弄伤 3．环境描写 species n．物种 battery n．电池 compass n．指南针，罗盘 flash n．闪光 stuff n．东西，物品 续写语料运用 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 生物学家蒂姆对森林中的稀有物种感到兴奋和惊讶，他沉浸在拍摄它们的照片中。当他的手机电池没电时，他才意识到自己在森林中迷路了。没有指南针或地图，他以为自己无法走出去。更糟糕的是，他绊倒了，腿受伤了。经过无数次的尝试和失败，主干道上的闪光映入了眼帘。在那一刻，他激动得无法形容。 Excited and surprised at the rare species in the forest，Tim，a biologist，was immersed in shooting pictures of them.It was when his cellphone battery ran out that he realized that he was lost in the forest.Without a compass or a map，he thought he wasn’t capable of walking out.What’s worse，he tripped and his leg was injured.After numerous attempts and failures，he saw the flash on the main road.At that moment，he was excited beyond description. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$