必修第三册 Unit 2 Making a difference（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（外研版 鲁琼辽津渝粤贵桂黑京晋）

Ⅰ.认阅读单词 1．internal adj.内部的 2．fountain n．喷水池 3．foundation n．基金会 4．mission n．职责；使命 5．territory n．地区，地方 6．institution n．机构，团体 7．registration n．登记，注册 8．Jewish adj.犹太人的，犹太教的 9．military n．军队 10．certificate n．证明书，证书 11．ministry n．(政府的)部 Ⅱ.记重点单词 1．fund v．为……提供资金，资助 2．recycle v．再利用，回收利用 3．insight n．顿悟，猛醒 4．reality n．真实，现实 5．disease n．疾病，病 6．cancer n．癌症 7．royal adj.王室的，皇家的 8．confirmation n．证实，证明 9．aid v．帮助，援助 10．chief adj.最高级别的，首席的 11．obtain v．获得，得到 12．drug n．药物，药材 13．further adj.更多的，附加的 Ⅲ.知拓展单词 1．contribution n．贡献→contribute v．贡献；捐助；投稿 2．relief n．减轻，缓解→relieve v．减轻，缓解 3．shortage n．短缺，不足，缺乏→short adj.短的；缺少的→shorten v．变短 4．effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的→effect n．效果→affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭 5．earn v．挣(钱)→earnings n．收入 6．donate v．捐赠，捐献→donation n．捐献→donor n．捐赠者；捐赠人 7．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求 8．extend v．持续，延伸；扩展→extensive adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的→extension n．扩大；延伸 9．disability n．残疾，残障→disabled adj.残疾的→able adj.有能力的→ability n．能力→enable vt.使能够；使可能 10．sensitive adj.敏感的，容易生气的→sense n．感官；感觉→sensible adj.明智的；合理的 11．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的→generosity n．慷慨，大方 12．hesitate v．迟疑，犹豫→hesitation n．迟疑，犹豫 13．assistance n．帮助，援助→assist v．帮助，援助→assistant n．助理；助手 14．temporary adj.短期的，短暂的；临时的→temporarily adv.短期地，短暂地；临时地 15．achievement n．成绩，成就→achieve v．实现 16．major adj.重要的，主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程→majority n．大多数 17．treatment n．治疗；疗法→treat v．治疗；对待 增加词汇来助力 1．conclude vt.完成，结束；推断 2．condemn vt.谴责；宣判，判处 3．conscience n．良心 4．confuse vt.使迷惑 5．conscious adj.意识到；神志清醒的；有意识的 6．consequence n．结果；后果 7．conservative adj.保守的；守旧的 8．considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．break into a smile突然笑起来 2．rise to one’s feet站起身来 3．look across 眺望 4．at one point 一度；在某一时刻 5．earn money 赚钱，挣钱 6．take in接收 7．turn out 参加，出席；结果是，证明是；生产；制造 8．make a difference 起作用，产生影响 9．set up建立 10．benefit from...从……中受益 11．keep records of记录…… 12．pass away去世 13．bring...to one’s attention使……被某人注意 14．come up with想出；提出 15．transport...to safety 把……送到安全的地方 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.(have trouble doing) 年仅六岁的加拿大小学生瑞安难以相信老师所说的话：在欠发达的非洲国家，许多人都喝不到足够的干净的水。 2．And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick？(so...that...) 为什么水那么脏，以至于使他们生病了？ 3．What they needed was a well dug near their homes.(what 引导主语从句) 他们需要的是一口离家不远的井。 4．After several months，Ryan had raised the $ 2,000，with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) 几个月后，瑞安筹集了2 000美元，用这些钱在乌干达的一所小学附近建造了一口井。 5．These are among the 669 children，most of them Jewish，that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis.(独立主格结构) 这些孩子大都是犹太人，他们是尼古拉斯·温顿即将从纳粹手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。 6．On leaving school，Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.(on doing...) 一毕业，温顿就到德国和法国的银行工作了。 7．As the Chinese saying goes，“A kind-hearted person lives a long life.”(as引导定语从句) 正如中国谚语所说的，“仁者长寿。” 请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 Li Hua lived in a city which suffered from water 1.shortage for a long time.The government wanted to find some effective measures to solve the problem.Therefore，some saving water foundations were established，and some well digging programmes were launched.To make contributions to the 2.relief of the water shortage，many citizens were generous to 3.donate money to the related institutions.Li Hua，one of the donors，donated the money he 4.earned from his part-time jobs，and volunteered to appeal to more people to save water.They also taught people to store and 5.recycle water.With their 6.assistance，the government’s work turned out to be effective.What they did benefited many people，making a great difference.All of them felt a sense of achievement. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 relief n．(痛苦或忧虑等的)减轻或消除；宽慰，轻松 (relieve v．减轻；缓解；解除 relieved adj.感到宽慰的；感到宽心的) •in/with relief欣慰地，释然地 to one’s relief(＝to the relief of sb)令某人欣慰的是 what a relief总算松了一口气；终于解脱了 •relieve sb of...帮助某人减轻(负担)；解除某人的职务 (1)It is a great relief to know I am not diagnosed with the disease. (2)Most of the workers in this institution breathed a sigh of relief(relieve) when the result was announced. (3)Hearing that he had passed the final exam，he sighed in/with relief and broke into a smile. (4)Quality counts less than attitude and effort—even a stupid joke can relieve others of risk and embarrassment. (5)使我们感到欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到了家，虽然很累，但很健康。 To our relief，the missing child returned home ten days later，tired but healthy. effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的；有影响的 (effect n．结果；效力；影响；作用) have an effect on/upon对……有效；对……有影响 come/go into effect生效；开始实施 take effect生效；奏效 bring/put...into effect实施；实行；使……生效 in effect实际上；有效 side effect副作用 (1)Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees’ professional development. (2)However，the majority of people are effective(effect) speakers because they train to be. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ) (3)我介绍了制茶的历史，这对帮助他们更好地理解我们的饮茶文化有很大的影响。(话题写作之茶文化) I introduced the history of tea-making，which had a great effect on/upon their better understanding of our tea-drinking culture. (4)有关环境保护的法律已付诸实施，并取得了良好的效果。(话题写作之环境保护) The laws concerning environmental protection have been put/brought into effect and have achieved good results. hesitate v．犹豫；踌躇；迟疑不决；顾虑；疑虑 (hesitation n．犹豫；迟疑) •hesitate about/over (doing)．..对(做)……感到犹豫 hesitate to do sth迟疑做某事，不愿做某事 •without hesitation毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth毫不犹豫地做某事 (1)The man is so generous that he never hesitates to offer(offer) money to help those with disabilities. (2)To be frank，I hesitate about/over whether to accept his assistance. (3)我会毫不犹豫地采取有效措施来帮助你学汉语。(应用文写作之建议信) ①I will take effective measures to help you learn Chinese without hesitation. ②I will have no hesitation in taking effective measures to help you learn Chinese. major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 vi.主修，专门研究 n．主修课程；主修学生 (majority n．大部分；大多数) •major in主修…… •an English major一个英语专业的学生 •a/the majority of大多数 in a/the majority占大多数 (1)As a graduate majoring in the English language，I feel excited to apply for the position.(应用文写作之申请信) (2)I believe that students supporting me are in the majority. (3)有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作) Some people gave up halfway，but the majority of the participants made it to the finishing line. break into a smile 突然笑起来 break into(及物)闯入；突然……起来 break away (from)离开；脱离 break down分解；(机器)损坏，出故障；(谈判)失败；(身体)垮掉；消除；打破 break out爆发 break up分散；拆散；驱散；分手 break through取得突破；克服 (1)用break短语的正确形式填空 ①He drew a conclusion that a war would break out soon. ②The educator hasn’t broken through in his teaching so far. ③The little boy broke away from me the instant he saw his mother. ④Our car broke down on the way and what’s worse，it began to rain. ⑤Fred has given me no good reason for being eager to break up our marriage. (2)教授刚一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。(读后续写之动作描写) No sooner had the professor stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 独立主格结构　These are among the 669 children，most of them Jewish，that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis.这些孩子大都是犹太人，他们是尼古拉斯·温顿即将从纳粹手里解救的669名儿童中的一部分。 •独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。 •独立主格结构的常用形式：n./pron.＋v.-ing/v.-ed/to do/adj./adv./n./prep. (1)His eyes fixed(fix) on the blackboard，he was listening attentively in class. (2)So much work to do(do)，we don’t have time to aid him in looking after his children. (3)It being(be) a fine day，the children went to the amusement park. (4)小女孩走进房间，脸冻红了。 The little girl entered the room，her face red with cold. on/upon doing...　 On leaving school，Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.一毕业，温顿就到德国和法国的银行工作了。 on/upon＋n./doing sth表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 (1)In reality，on his arrival(arrive) in Paris，he was caught by some policemen at once. (2)一到火车站他就发现火车刚刚开走。 ①As soon as he arrived at the railway station，he found the train had just left.(as soon as) ②On/Upon arriving at the railway station，he found the train had just left.(介词＋doing) ③The moment he arrived at the railway station，he found the train had just left.(the moment) ④Hardly had he arrived at the railway station when he found the train had just left.(hardly...when...) 用法点拨　(1)表示“一……就……”的还有：the moment/the instant/the minute＋从句，immediately/instantly/directly/once＋从句，hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...等。 (2)在hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。 1．(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children，but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. 大卫患有一种脑部疾病，这使他无法像其他孩子一样走路或跑步，但在学校里，他的同学们认为他是一个正常的孩子。 2．(2022·全国乙)The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. 留在原地的朋友需要注意应该对搬离的朋友投入额外的时间。 3．(2020·江苏)Wilson received several international awards for his great contributions.He lost his sight but found a vision. 威尔逊因他的伟大贡献获得了几项国际奖项。他失明了，但却拥有了远见卓识。 4．(2019·全国Ⅱ)Still，most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. 当这一季的比赛结束时，我们这些志愿者大多数都松了一口气。 5．(2019·江苏)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body. 科学家已经获得更多的证据，这些证据表明塑料正在进入人体。 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．take in (1)This is the total cost of your trip，taking everything in. A (2)To be frank，she just can’t take in what the teacher is saying. B (3)My heart sank when I knew the old lady was homeless，so I took her in. D (4)It is said that black takes in more heat than white. C 2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)She has a fund of knowledge about modern jazz.大量 (2)Tourism is a fountain of wealth for the city.来源 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．To be frank，without my English teacher’s encouragement and assistance(assist)，I wouldn’t have made such great progress in English learning. 2．The first and most important step in the treatment(treat) of burns is giving first aid. 3．You can’t imagine it was the beggar who came up with a good idea to ensure your safety! 4．They rushed out with concern instantly(instant) they heard the shout for help. 5．Fish is a cold-blooded animal and is very sensitive to water temperature. 6．The boy leading(lead) the way，the researchers easily found the fountain. 7．The millionaire decided to set up an organization to help those in trouble out. 8．Upon/On arriving，the manager said whoever made greater contributions to the company than the others should get the highest income. 9．So the next time you see someone knocked down by a vehicle，don’t hesitate to offer(offer) your help. 10．With the aid of the kind neighbour，we resolved the problem at last. Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练 (2018·北京)——接待外国学生，体验茶文化 1．众所周知，中国是一个伟大的国家，有着悠久的历史和丰富的传统文化。(as引导定语从句) As we all know，China is a great country with a long history and rich traditional culture. 2．上周，一群外国学生来到我们学校，体验了被认为是中国文化象征的中国茶文化。(which 引导定语从句) Last week，a group of foreign students came to our school and experienced Chinese tea culture，which is thought to be the symbol of Chinese culture. 3．一到茶馆，外国学生就被独特的茶壶和茶杯吸引住了。(on doing...) On arriving at the tea house，the foreign students were attracted by the unique pots and tea cups. 4．他们兴趣高涨，然后我开始教他们如何泡茶。(独立主格结构) Their interest greatly sparked，then I began to teach them how to make tea. 5．外国学生对这独特的文化感到如此惊讶，他们忍不住拍照。(so...that...) The foreign students were so amazed by the unique culture that they couldn’t help taking photos. Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练 教材续写语料 1．动作描写 earn v．挣(钱) donate v．捐赠，捐献 extend v．持续；延伸 break into a smile 突然笑起来 hesitate v．迟疑，犹豫→hesitation n．犹豫 assist v．帮助→assistance n．帮助 rise to one’s feet 站起身来 obtain v．获得 2．人物描写 insight n．顿悟，猛醒 disability n．残疾，残障 perseverance n．不屈不挠，坚持不懈 generous adj.大方的 3．情感描写 sensitive adj.敏感的 relief n．减轻，缓解 续写语料运用 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 保罗透过窗户喊道：“快上车！”马克毫不犹豫地跳下自行车，坐到汽车后座上。在他的帮助下，马克安全了。“哦，天哪，我的朋友还在修自行车！”马克喊道。保罗很快把车开回去了。幸运的是，几分钟后，他们找到了另外两个骑自行车的人。马克松了一口气，对保罗说：“没有你的慷慨相助，我将成为狼的晚餐。”听到这些，保罗笑了起来。 Paul shouted through the window，“Get in the car quickly！” Mac jumped off the bicycle and into the back seat of the car without hesitation.With his assistance，Mac was safe.“Oh，my goodness，my friends are still repairing the bicycle！” shouted Mac.Paul drove the car back quickly.Luckily，a few minutes later，they found the other two cyclists.Mac breathed a sigh of relief and said to Paul，“Without your generous assistance，I would be the dinner of the wolf.”Hearing this，Paul broke into a smile. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$