必修第二册 Unit 6 Earth first（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（外研版 鲁琼辽津渝粤贵桂黑京晋）

Ⅰ.认阅读单词 1．shark n．鲨(鱼) 2．fin v．切去(鱼的)鳍 n．鱼鳍 3．sustainable adj.可持续的，不破坏环境的 4．bulb n．灯泡 5．renewable adj.(能源)可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的 6．carbon n．碳 7．reusable adj.可再度使用的，可多次使用的 8．brochure n．小册子 9．solar adj.利用太阳光(能)的 10．slide n．幻灯片 11．stand­by adj.备用的 12．mode n．(机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式 13．appliance n．家用电器，家用器具 14．plug n．(电)插头 15．litre n．升，公升 Ⅱ.记重点单词 1．dive v．(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水 2．target v．把……作为目标 3．attitude n．(尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度 4．ocean n．海洋，大海 5．highlight v．使……突出；使注意力集中于 6．hunting n．打猎，狩猎 7．reserve n．(野生生物)保护区 8．staff n．员工 9．establish v．建立，设立 10．damage v．破损，损害，损伤 11．drought n．旱灾，干旱 12．flood n．洪水，水灾 13．supply n．煤气、电力、自来水等供应(系统) 14．restore v．使恢复 15．adopt v．采取(某种方法)；收养，领养 16．greenhouse n．温室，暖房 17．reduce v．减少，降低 18．release v．释放，排放 19．smog n．烟雾，雾霾 20．severe adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的 21．lecture n．(尤指大学里的)讲座，讲课，演讲 22．amount n．数量，数额 23．device n．设备，仪器，装置 24．leak v．(使)漏，(使)渗漏 25．remove v．移走，搬走，去掉；移除 26．campaign n．(宣传)活动 27．canteen n．(工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅 28．average adj.平均(数)的 Ⅲ.知拓展单词 1．scare v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→scared adj.害怕的；惊恐的→scary adj.恐怖的 2．fortunately adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的→unfortunate adj.不幸的→unfortunately adv.不幸地 3．extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的 4．devote v．致力，献身，倾注→devoted adj.挚爱的；投入的→devotion n．致力；献身 5．cruelty n．残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地 6．presentation n．报告；(观点的)陈述，说明；介绍；展示→present vt.颁发；出示；赠送；呈递 n．礼物 adj.现在的；出席的；目前的 7．affect v．影响→effect n．作用；影响→effective adj.有效的→affection n．喜欢；喜爱；感情 8．fog n．雾→foggy adj.多雾的；有雾的 9．infection n．感染，传染病→infect v．传染→infectious adj.传染的；传染性的 10．permission n．允许，许可→permit v．允许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证 11．majority n．多数；大多数(人或物)→major adj.主要的；重要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程 12．false adj.假的；不正确的，错误的→fault n．过错；缺陷 13．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；带电的→electronic adj.电子的 14．urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 n．强烈的欲望；迫切要求→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的→urgency n．紧急；急迫 15．concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的→concern v．(使)担忧；涉及；与……有关 n．担忧，忧虑→concerning prep.关于；就……而言 16．contribute v．促成，造成(某事发生)；贡献，捐献→contribution n．贡献 增加词汇来助力 1．circumstance n．情况；形势；环境 2．civil adj.公民的；国内的 3．civilization n．文明；教化 4．classic adj.经典的 n．经典著作；名著 5．classical adj.传统的；古典的 6．clarify vt.澄清；阐明 7．classify vt.分类 8．clumsy adj.笨拙的 9．coincidence n．碰巧；巧合 10．colleague n．同事 11．combine vt.使联合；使结合 12．command n．& vt.命令；指挥 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．due to 由于，因为 2．take...into account把……考虑进去 3．in fear害怕地 4．be scared/frightened/afraid of害怕…… 5．cut...off 把……切断 6．have an effect upon/on对……有影响 7．see...as 把……看作 8．the other way round 相反地 9．mistake...for...把……误当作…… 10．break down分解；出故障；(谈判)失败；(健康、精神等)垮掉 11．common sense常识 12．take steps采取措施 13．call on号召 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．Some people stopped swimming in the sea，afraid of the horrible creature from the film. (形容词短语作状语) 有些人因为害怕遇到电影里描述的这种可怕生物再也不去海里游泳了。 2．In 1980，Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.(be doing...when...) 在1980年，本奇利正在潜水，这时他遇到了一个可怕的场景。 3．Today，as we learn more about sharks，more people than ever want to protect them from extinction.(as引导时间状语从句) 时至今日，随着我们对鲨鱼了解的加深，越来越多的人愿意去保护它们免遭灭绝。 4．It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down，but much less time for paper.(It takes/took...some time to do...) 塑料的分解需要数百年的时间，而纸的降解时间要短得多。 5．However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.(倍数表达法) 然而，生产纸袋的耗能是塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。 6.To make sure your appliance is in fact off，remove the plug from its power supply.(不定式作目的状语) 为确保你的电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上拔下电器插头。 请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 Many rare animals are faced with extinction 1.due to human activities.Besides，with more and more carbon dioxide released，the environment has got 2.damaged and greenhouse effect occurs.Plus,3.severe drought and smog around the world highlight the urge to 4.take steps to protect the environment. Fortunately，people have realized the importance of sustainable development and adopted some measures.Many governments and people contribute to reducing pollution.Also，we find many natural reserves established.A 5.majority of scientists are devoted to making the most of solar energy. All in all，it will be better and better. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 scare vt.惊吓；使害怕；使(某人)惊恐，吓唬 vi.受惊吓(scary adj.吓人的；恐怖的 scared adj.恐惧的；惊恐的) •scare sb into doing sth恐吓某人做某事 scare...away/off 把……吓跑 •be scared to do sth＝be scared of doing sth害怕/不敢做某事 be scared of sb/sth害怕某人/某事 be scared to death吓得要死 (1)She was scared to dive(dive) into the deep water because there were many dangerous creatures. (2)She was scared of walking(walk) home alone in the fog，so she called a taxi. (3)当我意识到那头熊回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。(2020·浙江7月，读后续写) When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，I was nearly scared to death. (4)没有保罗的好心帮忙，Mac决不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。(读后续写之场景描写) Mac could by no means scare the wolf off/away with bare hands without the help of kind­hearted Paul. devote vt.致力，献身，倾注；致力于；专心致志于；把……用于(devoted adj.挚爱的；投入的；忠实的，忠诚的；献身的 devotion n．献身；奉献；关爱；忠诚) •devote...to (doing) sth把……用在/献给(做)某事上 devote oneself to doing sth献身于/致力于做某事 •be devoted to (doing) sth献身于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事 (1)Though young，Cathy devoted herself to reducing(reduce) pollution. (2)We admire her for her devotion(devote) to giving lectures about protecting the environment. (3)I devoted myself to community activities and was praised by the people around.(应用文写作之申请信) ①Devoting myself to community activities，I was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) ②Devoted to community activities，I was praised by the people around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) affect v．影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭；使感染(affection n．喜欢；喜爱；感情 effect n．作用；影响) •be affected by受……的影响；被……感动 be affected with感染……疾病 •have an effect/influence on/upon对……产生影响 •have/feel affection for喜爱，钟爱 (1)Though affected with a kind of severe disease，he continued with his work. (2)The audience were deeply affected by the film，and they couldn’t hold back tears. →Deeply affected by the film，the audience couldn’t hold back tears.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) (3)我深爱我的妈妈，她的言行对我有积极的影响。(应用文写作之人物介绍) I have/feel much affection for my mum，whose words and actions have a positive effect/influence on me. permission n．允许，许可，批准；许可证(permit vt.& vi.允许，许可，准许；使有可能) •ask sb for permission＝ask permission from sb请求某人许可 with/without (one’s) permission得到/未经(某人的)允许 •permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事 permit (doing) sth允许(做)某事 (1)To protect the wild animals，people are not permitted to gain(gain) access to natural reserves. (2)The club’s rules don’t permit leaking(leak) personal information. (3)In the lab，the students can’t touch electrical devices without the teacher’s permission(permit)． (4)如果天气允许，比赛将于下午2点在我校体育馆举行，持续约3小时。 Weather permitting/If weather permits，the competition to be held in our school stadium will begin at 2 pm and last for roughly 3 hours. average adj.平均(数)的；正常的；普通的 n．平均数；平均水平 above/below the average高于/低于平均水平 on average平均；一般地 the average of...……的平均数 (1)On average,75 species face extinction per day. (2)近年来，电子设备的平均数量急剧上升，使我们能够在线学习。(2021·全国乙，书面表达) The average number of electronic devices has risen sharply in recent years，making it possible for us to study online. (3)我最尊敬的人是我的语文老师，他的教学水平远远高于平均水平。他中等身材，戴着一副眼镜。(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达) The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher whose teaching level is far above the average.He is of average height and wears a pair of glasses. 形容词短语作状语　Some people stopped swimming in the sea, afraid of the horrible creature from the film.有些人因为害怕遇到电影里描述的这种可怕生物再也不去海里游泳了。 形容词(短语)作状语： •说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时，主语所处的状态。 •表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。 (1)Concerned(concern) about the environmental problem of our country，the authority encourages the companies to make use of solar energy. (2)Scared(scare) of the fierce wolf，the child froze on the spot，unable to utter a word.(读后续写之恐惧心理描写) (3)I was afraid of failing to find our way to the farm.I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.(读后续写之恐惧心理描写) →Afraid of failing to find our way to the farm，I sat beside a tree and held my shoulders in my arms tightly.(形容词短语作状语) 倍数表达法　However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.然而，生产纸袋的耗能是塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。 倍数的表达方式： •A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋B •A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B •A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length/...)＋of＋B •A＋be＋倍数＋what从句 这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。 (1)The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times as large as what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as) (2)The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times larger than what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than) (3)The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times the size of what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋the＋名词＋of) 1．(2022·全国乙)First announced in April,2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity. 2016年4月首次宣布，该税收适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料，以帮助减少儿童肥胖。 2．(2021·新高考全国Ⅱ)I decided to do something to educate people about this problem.I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. 关于这个问题我决定做一些事情来教育人们。我在学校做演讲，教授孩子们有关塑料垃圾的一些问题。 3．(2021·全国Ⅱ)Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. 由于照顾它们需要大量的精力，好多事情很快就变得非常紧张。 4．(2020·天津7月)He pulls out a special device，points it at the suspect，and switches it on.The thief drops to the ground.This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device. 他拿出一个特殊的装置，指向嫌疑人，然后打开它。那个小偷倒在了地上。这种新武器被称为远程定向声波发射器。 5．(2019·江苏)However，the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction of this precious species. 然而，这两位动物园管理员并不想看到这个珍贵物种的灭绝。 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．lecture (1)What makes me annoyed is that he is always lecturing me about my behavior. C (2)I feel greatly honored to deliver a lecture which is designed for senior three students. (应用文写作之演讲稿) A (3)As a senior high school student，I know I must stop smoking—don’t give me a lecture about it. B 2．average A.n.平均水平　B.v.平均为　C.adj.平均的　D.adj.普通的 (1)Drivers in London can expect to average about 12 miles per hour. B (2)The average American has not even thought about next year’s election. D (3)According to the statistics，on average，a person produces about 2 kilograms of garbage per day. A (4)The age of the candidates ranged from 29 to 49 with an average age of 37. C 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)The band’s first album is due for release later this month.预计 (2)The sales manager will give a presentation on the new products.介绍会，发布会 (3)Police have released no further details about the accident.公开，公布，发布 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．On average，American firms remain the most productive in the world. 2．One must take the route into account when travelling in a remote place. 3．No matter how close you are with your friends，you can’t use their articles without permission. 4．They were all scared to death when they found their neighbours had an infection. 5．Donations from billions of people contributed to the recovery of the flood­hit area. 6．Large amounts of money were spent(spend) on the bridge beyond the budget last year. 7．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to playing(play) computer games. 8．This hall is five times bigger(big) than our classroom according to the result of measure. 9．It is dangerous for us to throw radioactive(放射性的) waste about in our life because it does damage to water. 10．To her delight，she reduced her weight by 6 kilos to 40 kilos. Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练 (邀请留学生朋友加入校乒乓球队) 1．随着学习压力越来越大，我们锻炼的时间越来越少。(as引导时间状语从句) As the pressure of study becomes huger，we have less time to work out. 2．因为很想和你一起打乒乓球，我写信邀请你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。(形容词短语作状语) Eager to play table tennis with you，I am writing to invite you to join the table tennis team in our school. 3．我们把所有的业余时间都用在打乒乓球上，并代表学校参加了许多比赛。(devote one’s time to) We have devoted all our free time to playing table tennis，and we took part in many matches on behalf of our school. 4．打乒乓球不仅能缓解我的压力，还能保持我的身体健康。(reduce) Playing table tennis can not only reduce my pressure，but also keep me physically healthy. 5．要报名加入团队，你可以从我们学校的网站下载申请表，填好并在7月28日之前通过电子邮件发送给我。(不定式作目的状语) To sign up for the team，you can download the application form from our school website，fill it out and send it to me by email before July 28. Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练 教材续写语料 1．心理描写 scare v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→scared adj.害怕的 concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的 2．动作描写 dive v．潜水 devote v．致力，献身，倾注 highlight v．使……突出 damage v．破损，损害，损伤 affect v．影响 release v．释放，排放 leak v．(使)漏，(使)渗漏 urge v．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 contribute to 促成；造成 3．描述性词汇 cruelty n．残忍，残酷，残暴→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的 fortunately adv.幸运地 续写语料运用 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 (在丈夫和女儿的影响下克服恐高心理) 桥的高度让我非常害怕，我双腿发抖。深受小女儿的影响，我低声对自己说：“勇敢是最重要的品质。”身边的丈夫很担心我，一直抓着我的胳膊。我力劝自己树立信心，释放压力，然后走到了22米高的吊桥上。幸运的是，我不再恐惧。是女儿的勇敢帮助了我，并促进了我的成功。 Scared by the height of the bridge，my legs trembled.Deeply affected by my little daughter，I whispered to myself，“Bravery was the most significant quality.”My husband beside me was concerned about me，grabbing my arm all the time.Urging myself to build up confidence，I released my pressure and walked on the 22­meter­high suspension bridge.Fortunately，I was no longer overcome by fear.It was my daughter’s bravery that helped me and contributed to my success. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$