Unit 4 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Reading comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial1 new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital2 part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. Tu Youyou, a committed3 and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy4 of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective5 of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical6 treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated7 280,000 plants for their medical properties8. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.(节选自人教版新教材选择性必修第一册 Unit 1) 词汇积累 1．crucial /'kruːʃl/ adj.至关重要的；关键性的 2．vital /'vaɪtl/ adj.必不可少的；极其重要的 3．committed /kə'mɪtɪd/ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 4．academy /ə'kædəmi/ n．研究院；学会；专科院校 5．objective /əb'dʒektɪv/ n．目标；目的 adj.客观的 6．botanical /bə'tænɪkl/ adj.植物学的 7．evaluate /ɪ'væljueɪt/ vt.评价；评估 8．property /'prɒpəti/ n．性质；特征；财产 Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading— Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．data　　　 A．to arrange for an event，etc.to take place at a later time or date 2．limited B．facts or information，especially when examined and used to find out things or to make decisions 3．postpone C．a box，bottle，etc.in which sth can be stored or transported 4．sufficient D．causing or likely to cause death 5．illustrate E．enough for a particular purpose；as much as you need 6．container F．to make the meaning of sth clearer by using examples，pictures，etc. 7．deadly G．not very great in amount or extent 答案　1.B　2.G　3.A　4.E　5.F　6.C　7.D Ⅱ.选词填空 1．The grapes will soon be ripe.Let’s speed up our preparations for the grape harvest. 2．When things are not going well，he encourages me，telling me not to give up. 3．Thanks to Tu Youyou，effective treatments are available for people suffering from malaria. 4．Please refer to the right-hand column of page 200 of this book when doing the experiment. 5．If you keep trying through trial and error，it will pay off sooner or later. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 1．Where would you most likely find this passage? A．In a blog. B．In a book. C．In a newspaper. D．In a letter. 答案　C 2．What is the passage mainly about? A．Chinese scientist Tu Youyou’s career. B．Chinese scientist Tu Youyou and her team. C．Chinese scientist Tu Youyou’s lecture. D．Chinese scientist Tu Youyou and the discovery of qinghaosu. 答案　D Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Match the main idea of each part. Part 1Paragraph 1　　　 A．Tu acquired a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Part 2Paragraph 2 B．Tu and her team solved a lot of problems before they successfully discovered qinghaosu. Part 3Paragraphs 3－5 C．Tu and her team’s efforts finally paid off. Part 4Paragraph 6 D．Tu Youyou won a Nobel Prize in 2015 for her discovery of qinghaosu. 答案　Part 1 D　Part 2 A　Part 3 B　Part 4 C Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Fill in the table below. who Tu Youyou what Received a Nobel Prize when In 2015 why For her contribution to the fight against malaria 2．What is the main idea of Para.1? 答案　Tu Youyou received a Nobel Prize in 2015 for her discovery of qinghaosu. Ⅱ.Read Paras.2－5 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Complete the timeline about Tu’s personal experiences with the information from the text. ①Born in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province. ②Studied medicine at university in Beijing. ③Won the Nobel Prize. ④Succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. ⑤Became head of a team that intended to find a cure for malaria. ⑥Successfully discovered qinghaosu. 2．What can we learn from Tu’s personal experiences? 答案　Knowledge is power. Opportunity favors only the prepared mind. It’s never too late to learn. 3．How long did it take Tu and her team to extract qinghaosu? A．Less than one year. B．About two years. C．About three years. D．Less than two years. 答案　C 4．Which word can be used to replace the word “promising” in Para.3? A．Deadly. B．Hopeful. C．Surprising. D．Disappointing. 答案　B 5．What do the underlined numbers in the following sentences suggest? (1)She collected over 2,000 traditional Chinese medical recipes for malaria treatment and made hundreds of extracts from different herbs. (2)．..after 190 failures，she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 答案　These numbers suggest the patience and persistence of Tu and her team. 6．Tu and her team met some problems in the process of finding the cure for malaria.How did she and her team solve these problems? Read Paras.3－5 carefully and fill in the table below. Problems Solutions The extracts failed to produce any promising results. (1)Tu Youyou referred to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again，redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the qinghao herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. Tu and her team could not produce enough qinghao extract because research resources were limited. (2)Tu Youyou and her team managed to find solutions to the problem，e.g.using household water containers instead of research equipment. Tu and her team did not have sufficient safety data to start trials on patients. (3)Tu Youyou and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves. 7.Which of the following can best describe Tu Youyou and her team? A．Fortunate and energetic. B．Patient and responsible. C．Reliable but stubborn. D．Wise and determined. 答案　D Ⅲ.Read Para.6 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．The last paragraph tells us that Tu . A．thinks poorly of traditional Chinese medicine B．thinks highly of traditional Chinese medicine C．was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1972 D．felt very sorry for their efforts 答案　B 2．What’s the significance of the achievement? 答案　(1)Qinghaosu，as the key substance in many malaria medicines，has saved countless lives. (2)Tu Youyou’s achievement has earned international recognition of traditional Chinese medicine. (3)As a female scientist，Tu has also inspired young female scientists to work harder to achieve their dreams. Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．What good qualities can we learn from Tu Youyou？(Creative thinking) 2．In your opinion，why was Tu Youyou so devoted to her work？(Critical thinking) 3．What contributes to Tu Youyou’s success？(Divergent thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1.to receive(receive) a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria.In 1969 Tu became head of a team 2.intending(intend) to find a cure for malaria.3.Inspired(inspire) by an over 1,600-year-old text，Tu redesigned the experiments to produce some 4.promising(promise) results.After 190 failures，she succeeded in making qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice.When there was no good research 5.equipment(equip)，they had to extract herbs using household water 6.containers(contain)．They volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves to ensure its safety.Their efforts finally paid 7.off.Thanks to her discovery of qinghaosu，malaria patients all over the world now have had 8.a greatly increased chance of survival.In Tu’s Nobel Lecture，she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine,9.which will be 10.beneficial(benefit) to global health care. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history. [句式分析]　此句是简单句。在名词短语the first female scientist中，序数词first修饰scientist，所以用不定式短语to receive a Nobel Prize作后置定语。awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria作Nobel Prize的后置定语。one of the deadliest diseases in human history作同位语，解释说明前文的malaria。 [自主翻译]　屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献，疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 2．She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine，acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. [句式分析]　此句是简单句。句子主干是主谓宾结构；acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine是非谓语动词/现在分词短语作结果状语。 [自主翻译]　她完成了中医领域的培训课程深造，获得了广泛的中西医知识。 3．In the 1960s，many people were dying of malaria，and in 1969 Tu became head of a team that intended to find a cure for the disease. [句式分析]　此句是并列复合句。and连接两个并列分句；that intended to find a cure for the disease是定语从句修饰a team，关系代词that在从句中作主语。 [自主翻译]　20世纪60年代，很多人死于疟疾，于是1969年屠呦呦担任了一个旨在找到疟疾疗法的小组组长。 4．However，it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. [句式分析]　本句为复合句。主句是it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to produce...；because引导原因状语从句。 [自主翻译]　然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。 5．Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced，however，they still faced another problem. [句式分析]　此句是简单句。with large amounts of qinghao extract produced是with复合结构(with＋名词＋动词-ed形式)作状语。 [自主翻译]　然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。 6．Perhaps the next generation of scientists，drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. [句式分析]　本句为简单句。drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine是现在分词短语作状语；beneficial to global health care作后置定语，修饰medicines。 [自主翻译]　也许下一代的科学家借鉴中医的智慧，确实会发现更多有益于全球医疗的药物。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A I recently spoke with 15-year-old Gitanjali Rao，an inventor，scientist and author.The Colorado teenager told me about her determination to make a positive difference in the world.She has already been recognized for doing just that. In 2020，Gitanjali was named “Kid of the Year” by Time magazine for inventing a mobile device that can test the amount of lead in drinking water.What’s more，she has made other inventions，for which she has received several honors，such as Kindly，an app designed to detect cyberbullying(网络欺凌)． Nowadays there’re still many people who refuse to enjoy STEM(science，technology，engineering，and math) education，but at the same time，the world needs more people pursuing STEM careers.For this，Gitanjali has recently written a book，called A Young Innovator’s Guide to STEM.“My hope，” Gitanjali writes，“is that this book will help somebody start out to imagine their journey，challenge themselves，get out of their comfort zone，and prepare for a future that is unknown to us.” Growing up，Gitanjali went to seven different schools.“Every new place is a new set of people who will maybe not accept you for who you are，” she said.“But I learned to deflect that and realized that nobody could create an overall opinion about me except for myself.” Gitanjali now attends STEM School Highlands Ranch in Lone Tree.She is also conducting research at the University of Colorado.Still，the teenager considers herself to be an ordinary student who is supported by her friends.Gitanjali has a particular interest in genetics and epidemiology，which is the study of diseases.When asked what inspired her to become a scientist，she said，“If no one else was solving problems，then I needed to do something.Innovation(创新) doesn’t need you to be the smartest person in the world.All it needs is your motivation to make a difference.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了15岁的发明家、科学家和作家Gitanjali Rao的主要成就。 1．Why is Gitanjali devoted to making the inventions? A．She wants to be helpful. B．She hopes to be famous. C．She’s encouraged by her friends. D．She’s determined to set an example. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“The Colorado teenager told me about her determination to make a positive difference in the world.”可知，Gitanjali致力于创造这些发明是因为她想对这个世界有所帮助。故选A。 2．What is the purpose of Gitanjali’s recent book? A．To share her experiences in success. B．To introduce her personal inventions. C．To give some facts on STEM careers. D．To draw more people’s interest in STEM. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Gitanjali写书的目的是吸引更多的人对STEM感兴趣。故选D。 3．What does the underlined word “deflect” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Accept wisely. B．Memorize carefully. C．Avoid being influenced by. D．Express confidence in. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Every new place is a new set of people who will maybe not accept you for who you are”和“realized that nobody could create an overall opinion about me except for myself”可知，画线词所在的句子表示“但我学会了转移注意力，并意识到除了我自己，没有人能对我形成一个全面的看法”，deflect意为“转移”，也就是不受那些人的影响。故选C。 4．What does Gitanjali think is the most important about being a scientist? A．Smartness. B．Motivation. C．Personality. D．Habits. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“When asked what inspired her to become a scientist，she said，‘If no one else was solving problems，then I needed to do something.Innovation(创新) doesn’t need you to be the smartest person in the world.All it needs is your motivation to make a difference.’”可知，Gitanjali认为成为一名科学家最重要的是动力。故选B。 B (2023·江苏高一期末) In 1957，English scientist James Lovelock invented the Electron Capture Detector，an inexpensive，sensitive device used to help measure the spread of poisonous man-made compounds(化合物) in the environment.The device provided the scientific foundations of Rachel Carson’s 1962 book，Silent Spring，a push for the environmental movement.It also helped provide the basis for regulations in the United States and in other nations that banned harmful chemicals like DDT and PCBs. Later，his discovery that chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)—compounds that are used in refrigerators and air conditioners—were present in measurable concentrations in the atmosphere led to the discovery of a hole in the ozone layer(臭氧层)．He also explained that they posed no possible danger to the planet.A year after his paper in Nature，Mario Molina of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and F．Sherwood Rowland of the University of California at Irvine published a paper in the same journal detailing how sensitive the Earth’s ozone layer is to CFCs.In 1995 they were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work in reminding the world of the thinning of the ozone layer.Lovelock later called his conclusion a mistake. But Dr Lovelock may be most widely known for his Gaia theory that the Earth acts as a “living organism” that can “control its temperature and chemistry in a state of comfortable stability(稳定性)”．As an expert on the chemical composition of the atmospheres of Earth and Mars，Dr Lovelock wondered why Earth’s atmosphere was so stable.He hypothesized(假定) that something must control heat，oxygen，nitrogen，and other ingredients.He presented his theory in the 1960s.That summer，the novelist William Golding，his friend，suggested the name Gaia，after the Greek goddess of the Earth. The hypothesis may never have moved into the scientific mainstream without the contribution of Lynn Margulis，an American microbiologist.In the early 1970s and in the decades that followed，she worked with Dr Lovelock on specific studies to support this concept.Since then，Dr Lovelock’s theory of a self-controlling Earth has been considered important to understand the causes and consequences of global warming. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国科学家詹姆斯·洛夫洛克对环境科学所做出的巨大贡献以及对全球变暖的理论解释所带来的影响。 5．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．The functions of man-made compounds. B．The influence of the Electron Capture Detector. C．The importance of banning harmful chemicals. D．The working principles of the Electron Capture Detector. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第一段的“The device provided the scientific foundations of Rachel Carson’s 1962 book，Silent Spring，a push for the environmental movement.It also helped provide the basis for regulations in the United States and in other nations that banned harmful chemicals like DDT and PCBs.”可知，第一段讲述了詹姆斯·洛夫洛克发明的电子捕获探测器，介绍了它在环境科学中的应用以及它在激励环境法规和其他科学家工作方面的重要作用。故选B。 6．What did James Lovelock once believe to be true? A．CFCs did little harm to the Earth. B．It was impossible to find CFCs in thin air. C．It was impossible to measure CFCs in the air. D．CFCs had little effect on cooling refrigerators. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段前两句“Later，his discovery that chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) —compounds that are used in refrigerators and air conditioners—were present in measurable concentrations in the atmosphere led to the discovery of a hole in the ozone layer(臭氧层)．He also explained that they posed no possible danger to the planet.”可知，詹姆斯·洛夫洛克曾经相信氯氟烃对地球几乎没有危害。故选A。 7．What inspired James Lovelock to produce his Gaia theory? A．Earth’s atmosphere remains stable. B．Golding mentioned a Greek goddess. C．Both Earth and Mars have atmospheres. D．Living things can exist in the atmosphere. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“As an expert on the chemical composition of the atmospheres of Earth and Mars，Dr Lovelock wondered why Earth’s atmosphere was so stable.He hypothesized(假定) that something must control heat，oxygen，nitrogen，and other ingredients.”可知，洛夫洛克提出盖亚理论是因为他想知道地球的大气层为什么如此稳定。故选A。 8．What do we know about Lynn Margulis? A．She became well-known because of Lovelock. B．She first discovered the causes of global warming. C．She helped Lovelock make his theory widely accepted. D．She proposed a new idea based on Lovelock’s Gaia theory. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，林恩·马古利斯与洛夫洛克一起进行了一些具体的研究，帮助洛夫洛克的理论被广泛接受。故选C。 C Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing a way of editing genes(基因)，which offers the promise of one day curing inherited(遗传的) diseases.Working on opposite sides of the Atlantic，French woman Emmanuelle Charpentier and American Jennifer A．Doudna came up with a method known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to change the DNA of animals and plants. It was the first time two women had won the chemistry Nobel together—adding to the small number of female winners in the sciences，where women have long received less recognition for their work than men.The scientists’ work allows researchers to precisely edit specific genes to remove errors that lead to disease. “There is great power in this genetic tool，which affects us all，” said Claes Gustafsson，chair of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry.“It has not only made huge progress in basic science，but also led to advances in new medical treatments.” Charpentier spoke of the shock of winning，“Strangely enough I was told a number of times that I’d win，but when it happens you’re very surprised.And I wish that this will provide a positive message to young girls who would like to follow the path of science.” Doudna told the Associated Press，“I actually find out I’m in shock.And my greatest hope is that it’s used for good，to uncover new mysteries in biology and to benefit humankind.” The Broad Institute at Harvard and MIT have been in a long court fight over patents(专利) on CRISPR technology，and many other scientists did important work on it，but Doudna and Charpentier have been most consistently honored with prizes for turning it into an easily usable tool. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两名女性科学家因开发出一种编辑基因的方法而获得诺贝尔化学奖，并讲述了她们对于获得诺贝尔化学奖的感受。 9．What do we know about the two scientists from the first two paragraphs? A．They both work in America. B．They work harder than other females. C．They provide a new way to edit genes. D．They are the first women to win the Nobel Prize. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句的“Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing a way of editing genes(基因)...”可知，她们提出了一种新的基因编辑的方法。故选C。 10．What is Claes Gustafsson’s attitude towards the genetic tool? A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Dissatisfied. D．Doubtful. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。由第三段提到的诺贝尔化学奖委员会主席Claes Gustafsson对于两位女性科学家获得诺贝尔化学奖的感受可判断，Claes Gustafsson对于这项发现持支持的态度。故选A。 11．What did Charpentier and Doudna think of their winning the prize? A．They didn’t deserve the honor. B．They were both surprised at it. C．They thought it good for them. D．They would be examples to young girls. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。第四段提到Charpentier获奖时的想法“Strangely enough I was told a number of times that I’d win，but when it happens you’re very surprised.”，第五段提到Doudna获奖时的想法“I actually find out I’m in shock.”。由此可知，两位科学家在得知自己获奖时都是非常惊讶的状态。故选B。 12．What is the text mainly about? A．Two Nobel Prize winners surprise the world. B．Female scientists do better than male scientists. C．There is research for developing a way of editing genes. D．Two female scientists win the Nobel Prize for gene-editing discovery. 答案　D 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段首句“Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing a way of editing genes(基因)，which offers the promise of one day curing inherited(遗传的) diseases.”并结合后文提到的基因编辑工具对医学治疗方面的影响等方面，由此判断文章讲述了两位女性科学家因基因编辑方法的发现而获得诺贝尔奖的故事。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2023·江苏盐城高一期末) While reviewing the literature in your research area，you may find there aren’t too many journal articles. 1 Actually the global research output increases every year by about 2.5 million new journal articles.What should you do if you fail to find relevant(相关的) studies in your research area？These tips may help you. Explore them in depth. Having a limited number of references might work to your benefit. 2 In addition，with few sources in your specific research area，it’s possible that you could find limitations in the existing literature and use them to build or strengthen your own research question. 3 You may have drawn very strict mental limits around your research question.If so，you cannot see other relevant research areas.Assuming that your research question is about studying whether plastic can be made compostable(可降解的)，you could begin with looking into more environment-friendly plastic.This will not only help with more relevant reading，but also place your specific research question in a broader way. Make sure you use the right keywords. One of the problems in your search for relevant sources could be unclear or unrelated keywords.Your keywords should be well defined and specifically targeted to the research papers you are looking for.This will indicate the relevance of those terms in your field. 4 Ask for help. 5 Start by approaching the librarian at your university and ask him/her if your library has ordered the journal you need.You could also ask a professor，or a senior colleague.Having gone through a similar difficulty as the one you are currently facing，they’ll surely have a few tricks up their sleeve. A．Broaden your search area. B．But this might not be the case. C．Narrow down your research question. D．Most keywords are beneficial to your review. E．If all else fails，then don’t hesitate to turn to others. F．It will also shine some light on whether you should be more precise. G．You can get a short but comprehensive list of articles to explore in great detail. 1．答案　B 解析　上文说明没有发现太多文献。选项B“但事实可能并非如此”承接上文，表示对上文的否定，引出下文，说明实际上文献是很多的。故选B。 2．答案　G 解析　小标题“Explore them in depth.”和上文“Having a limited number of references might work to your benefit.”建议要探索所拥有的文献。选项G“你可以获得一个简短但全面的文章列表来详细地探索”承接上文，对探索文献给出更详细的建议。故选G。 3．答案　A 解析　下文建议扩大搜索范围，能找到相关文献。选项A“扩大搜索范围”概括了本段主题：以更广泛的方式搜索研究文献。故选A。 4．答案　F 解析　上文说明准确的关键词可以帮助寻找相关文献，选项F“它还将为你是否应该更精确提供一些启示”承接上文，继续说明关键词所起的作用。故选F。 5．答案　E 解析　上文小标题“Ask for help.”说明要寻求帮助。承接小标题，选项E“如果一切都失败了，那么不要犹豫，向别人求助”建议向别人求助，引出下文具体介绍怎样向别人求助。故选E。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$