Unit 2 Period 2 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

Period 2　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．My brother fell down the stairs and injured his back. 2．Before crossing the road，you should watch out for traffic signals. 3．Fortunately，he managed to exit his house when the fire broke out. 4．The terrible accident occurred(发生) in this street the other day. 5．As time went by，the old custom disappeared in this small county(郡，县)． 6．A truck went out of control and crashed(碰撞) into the back of a bus. 7．The agency gave me a call to confirm that the tickets had been booked. 8．The couple hugged(拥抱) each other when they heard the exciting news. 9.Tsunami is one of the most violent and destructive(破坏性的) disasters on earth. 10．To my great relief，I found all the children safe and sound after the earthquake. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．In the serious car crash ten were killed and eight were injured.In fact，this did an injury to many people.(injure) 2．If you need any confirmation(confirm) of my story，just go downstairs and look outside. 3．Oddly(odd)，the results first looked as if they couldn’t be right，then later it seemed obvious that they were right. 4．Please keep him informed that information technology plays an important role in the modern society.(inform) 5．Much to their relief，their performance in the game made their parents relieved.(relief) 6．It was ordered that every person enter the hall in an orderly way.(order) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．It occurred to me that I should help my mother do more housework.(occur) 我想到自己应该多帮妈妈做点家务活。 2．The best way to see the paintings on display is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom.(不定式作定语) 看画展最好的方式是从顶楼看起，一直往下看到底层。 3．The fans cheered loudly the moment their favorite singer appeared on the stage.(the moment) 歌迷们最喜欢的歌手一上台，他们就大声欢呼。 4．One night I was having a good sleep, when suddenly I heard my dog yapping.(be doing...when...)一天夜里我正在熟睡，突然听到我的狗狂吠起来。 injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 (injury n．伤害，损伤 injured adj.受伤的) •do sb an injury＝do an injury to sb伤害某人 •the injured伤者 (1)This kind of chemical poison will do an injury to people’s health. (2)I heard that the injured(injure) in the car crash were sent to the nearest hospital at once. (3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Once there，Lenoue was assessed and later taken to a hospital，where she learned that she had serious injuries(injure) in one of her knees. (4)(读后续写之心理描写)尽管腿受伤了，他还是决定跑完马拉松。 ①Though he was/got injured in the leg，he was determined to finish the marathon. ②Though injured in the leg，he was determined to finish the marathon.(非谓语动词作状语) reaction n．反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应(react v．作出反应；回应) •reaction to...对……的反应 •react to对……作出反应；回应…… react against反抗 (1)I don’t know what his reaction to that consequence was at the time. (2)Local residents often reacted against the officials，which made them very upset. (3)Her parents’ reaction(react) to the news was surprisingly calm. (4)你认为他会对你的建议做何反应？ ①How do you think he will react to your suggestion？(react) ②What do you think his reaction to your suggestion will be？(reaction) confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准(confirmation n．证实，确认) confirm sth/that...证实；确定…… confirm sb in sth使某人确信某事 It has been confirmed that...已经确定…… (1)The official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million. (2)It has been confirmed(confirm) that officials of the organization will attend the meeting. (3)最新的证据让我坚信他是诚实的。The latest evidence confirmed me in his honesty. occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 •sth occurs/occurred to sb某人突然想起某事；某事发生在某人身上 It occurs/occurred to sb that.../to do...某人突然想到…… •表示“某人突然想到……”的常用句型还有： it strikes/struck sb that...；it hits/hit sb that...等。 名师点津： •occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred，现在分词为occurring。 •occur没有被动语态；作谓语时，主语不能是人。 (1)A perfect idea occurred(occur) to me that the students could exit the classroom in an orderly line in that situation. (2)It never occurred to me to watch(watch) the performance of the dolphin. (3)(读后续写之人物描写)妈妈突然想起她把帐篷落在我们前一天晚上住的旅馆里了。 ①It occurred to Mother that she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.(occur) ②It hit Mother that she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.(hit) ③It struck Mother that she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.(strike) relief n．宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济(relieve vt.解除；减轻 relieved adj.感到宽慰的；放心的) •to one’s relief使某人宽慰的是 in relief如释重负；松了口气 •relieve sb of sth缓解/减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等) (1)Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief. (2)My family members have greatly relieved me of economic burden. (3)(2020·浙江，读后续写)Once the helicopter landed，we got onto it in no time，excited and relieved(relief)． (4)(读后续写之心理描写)To our relief，the missing child returned home ten days later，safe and sound. 令我们感到欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到了家，安然无恙。 inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知(information n．信息) inform sb of sth通知某人某事 inform sb that...通知某人…… keep sb informed of sth随时告知某人某事；使某人了解某事 (1)For further information(inform) on the diet，write to us at this address. (2)I informed my wife of my safely arriving at the destination. (3)I’m happy to inform you that the application has been confirmed. (4)(2020·海南)Every night it goes on the web，keeping parents and the world informed(inform) of the happenings at Pali. in case 万一……；以防，以备 in case of(＋n./pron./v.-ing)如果；万一 in any case无论如何，总之 in no case决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装) in this/that case如果这样/那样的话，在这种/那种情况下 as is often the case这是常有的事；情况往往如此 注意：当in case引导目的状语从句时，意为“以备，以防”；引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果，万一”。 (1)It would be safer to take more money with you in case of emergency. (2)The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance. (3)(应用文写作之建议信)As is often the case，senior three students feel anxious before important examinations. 高三学生在重要考试前感到焦虑，这是常有的事。 (4)(应用文写作之倡议书)In no case should we go against the laws of nature，or we’ll suffer endless pain. 无论如何我们都决不应该违背自然规律，否则我们将遭受无尽的痛苦。 be doing...when...正在做……，这时…… 教材原句　Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake.弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。(P16) when用作并列连词，表示“这时”之意，还用于以下三种句型： be about to do...when...正要做……这时…… be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时…… had just done...when...刚做完……这时…… (1)Last Monday，I was walking(walk) in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. (2)(读后续写之人物描写)I was wondering whether to participate when my English teacher came by，telling me that it was a good chance to display my talent. (3)She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. (4)(读后续写之动作描写)Seated in the classroom，I was about to take my books out/was on the point of taking my books out when suddenly I became faint.坐在教室里，我正要把书拿出来，这时我突然眩晕了。 the moment 引导时间状语从句 教材原句　The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。(P16) the moment意为“一……就……”，意义相近的其他表达方式还有： •名词词组the minute/instant •副词immediately，directly，instantly •连词短语as soon as，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...句型，其中主句用过去完成时，when和than引导的从句用一般过去时。当hardly，no sooner置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装，即把助动词、系动词、情态动词提到主语之前。 (1)The moment/minute/instant the policy was carried out，the local residents protested against it. (2)(读后续写之人物描写)Much to my surprise，she burst into tears instantly(instant) she read the letter. (3)(读后续写之动作描写)我一到家，就拿出手提箱，把我的必需品，包括一些衣服和食物，装进里面。 ①No sooner had I got home than I took out my suitcase and packed my necessities into it，including some clothes and food.(no sooner...than...) ②Hardly had I got home when I took out my suitcase and packed my necessities into it，including some clothes and food.(hardly...when...) Ⅰ.一词多义 otherwise A.adv.否则，不然　B.adv. 除此以外；在其他方面　C.adv.以其他方法 1．They are both teachers.Otherwise they are quite unlike. B 2．It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers. C 3．You have to go now，otherwise you’ll miss the bus. A Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．It’s said that this kind of battery could power an electric car for 600 miles on a single charge. 驱动，推动 2．David had been dancing about like a child，but suddenly he stood still and looked at Brad. 静止的 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．They were holding an urgent press conference when there was a power failure. 2．In reaction to the phenomenon，some people called for raising the import taxes. 3．The policeman signalled the car to stop(stop) by raising his hand. 4．Please inform us of your arrival and we will arrange to meet you. 5．I have the power to call(call) on others to donate money to charities. 6．He kept me well supplied with cups of coffee while I was writing the report. 7．It occurred to me that my uncle，an expert，could offer me some strategies. 8．You’d better call the airline to confirm(confirm) your flight information before leaving for London. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．I took my driving license with me on holiday，in case I wanted to hire a car. 2．I was afraid of my strict head teacher，but at the same time I really respected her. 3．The old man held on to the back of the chair to stop himself from falling. 4．The cute little girl covered her face with her hands to hide her shyness. 5．Mobile phone users have developed a series of images to show how they feel. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——地震) 1．几年前，我们县发生了一场地震。(county) A few years ago，there was an earthquake in our county. 2．几乎所有的家庭都安然无恙。(safe and sound) Almost all families were safe and sound. 3．整个受灾地区只有少数人受伤。(injure；at large) Only a few people were injured in the disaster area at large. 4．当史密斯听到巨大的撞击声时，他意识到正在发生地震。(crash；it occurred to sb that...) When Smith heard the loud crashes，it occurred to him that an earthquake was happening. 5．他头脑冷静，迅速作出反应。(keep one’s head；reaction) He kept his head and made a quick reaction. Ⅳ.阅读理解 Some scientists have traced the increase in earthquakes to human activities，especially in areas not known for the presence of fault lines or past seismic(地震的) activity.The idea of humans causing earthquakes may seem strange at first.After all，you can run around your backyard and jump up and down as you want，and the ground isn’t going to start shaking.However，scientists have identified a variety of large scale human activities that can result in earthquakes. Scientists have confirmed over 700 places where human activities have caused earthquakes over the last century.While many human-related earthquakes are small and don’t cause much damage，some of them can be serious and dangerous.In fact，scientists believe human activities have caused earthquakes with magnitudes as high as 7.9 on the Richter scale. Scientists believe that most human-related earthquakes are the result of mining.As companies drill deeper and deeper below the earth’s surface to get natural resources，holes left behind usually cause instability(不稳固) which leads to collapse that causes earthquakes.Another human activity leading to earthquakes is fracking(水力压裂) for oil and gas，including the high pressure waste water processing that usually goes with fracking.In this process，water，sand and chemicals are pressed underground under high pressure to break rocks to release natural resources. Building large dams can also cause earthquakes.Many people died as a result of a big earthquake caused by millions of tons of water that had been collected in a reservoir after a large dam was built over a known fault line. These are not the only human activities that can result in earthquakes，though.Scientists point out that earthquakes can also be caused by other human activities，such as construction of skyscrapers and nuclear explosions. There is no doubt that human activities have contributed a lot to social and economic development，but for our own benefit，we humans had better not push nature too hard，or we will have to pay a price. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是一些地震是人类活动导致的，并介绍了哪些人类活动会导致地震。 1．What does the underlined part “fault lines” in paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．Places with active human activities. B．Places connected with natural balance. C．Areas where natural resources are rich. D．Areas where earthquakes tend to happen. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句可知，科学家追踪的是由人类活动导致的地震，而不是本身地震多发的地区。or前后的“fault lines”和“past seismic(地震的) activity”为选择关系，并根据上文中not可知，“fault lines”指的是一些容易发生地震的地区，因此此处表示特别是在那些不太容易发生或没有地震史的地区。故选D。 2．What do mining and oil producing have in common? A．They break the balance of nature. B．They destroy the stability of rocks. C．They do much damage to the earth’s surface. D．They use high pressure to get natural resources. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，采矿和石油生产的共同点在于它们破坏了地表下岩石的稳定性。故选B。 3．What is the author’s attitude towards human activities? A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Responsible. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者既肯定了人类活动对社会和经济发展的贡献，也提出了人类活动对自然环境造成影响的疑虑，因此作者对人类活动的态度是客观的。故选A。 4．What does the author mainly tell us in the passage? A．All the earthquakes are caused by humans. B．Humans are responsible for certain earthquakes. C．Nature punishes humans by means of earthquakes. D．Much progress has been made on earthquake research. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第二段中的“Scientists have confirmed over 700 places where human activities have caused earthquakes over the last century.”可知，本文主要介绍的是一些地震是人类活动导致的，并介绍了哪些人类活动会导致地震，B选项(人类对某些地震负有责任)能够概括文章的主要内容。故选B。 Ⅴ.完形填空 (2023·安徽合肥高一联考) Dr Smith of New York works at a center for children who can’t learn well.One day a father brought his son to him for 1 at his office. The father told Dr Smith about his son.“My son has 2 in learning and can’t even play baseball.He isn’t doing well because he doesn’t try.I have done everything for him.I have even shouted at him.But nothing 3 .” After Dr Smith tested the boy，he 4 his father.He asked the father to sit in front of a 5 and then gave him a pencil and a piece of paper.There was a 6 on the paper.He asked the father to look only in the mirror and 7 the lines of the star with the pencil.The father made the same 8 anyone makes.Every time he 9 the pencil，it went the wrong way.The father’s face became red. At this 10 the doctor shouted at him，“Hurry up! Why are you 11 so long? You can’t do such an 12 thing! You don’t know left from right！” These 13 made the father very angry. “Now you can 14 ，can’t you？” The doctor said to him.“Your son has felt just like that all the time.You scolded(训斥) him too often，so he didn’t try any more.He was afraid of making mistakes.” 15 the father understood everything.He put his face down.Now he felt so sorry. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位父亲带学习有困难的孩子去做测试。结果发现，父亲才是那个造成孩子学习困难的人。 1．A.playing B．testing C．acting D．teaching 答案　B 解析　play玩耍；test测试；act行动；teach教。根据下文“After Dr Smith tested the boy”可知，父亲带男孩来是为了做测试。故选B。 2．A.difficulty B．confidence C．interest D．experience 答案　A 解析　difficulty困难；confidence信心；interest兴趣；experience经验。根据下文“He isn’t doing well because he doesn’t try.I have done everything for him.”可知，父亲为儿子做了一切，但儿子还是做不好，所以就认为儿子学习上有困难。故选A。 3．A.remains B．returns C．helps D．appears 答案　C 解析　remain保留；return返回；help帮助；appear出现。根据上文“I have done...shouted at him.”及But可知，父亲做的一切都是不起帮助作用的。故选C。 4．A.called in B．waited for C．searched for D．believed in 答案　A 解析　call in叫进来；wait for等待；search for寻找；believe in相信。根据本句“After Dr Smith tested the boy”可知，史密斯医生给男孩做完测试后把父亲叫进来说明情况。故选A。 5．A.desk B．mirror C．television D．painting 答案　B 解析　desk课桌；mirror镜子；television电视；painting绘画。根据下文“He asked the father to look only in the mirror”可知，父亲是坐在镜子前的。故选B。 6．A.star B．face C．line D．number 答案　A 解析　star星星；face脸；line线条；number数字。根据下文“He asked the father to look only in the mirror and the lines of the star with the pencil.”可知，纸上有一颗星星。故选A。 7．A.cut B．remove C．follow D．cross 答案　C 解析　cut切割；remove去除；follow跟随；cross穿过。根据本句“He asked the father to look only in the mirror”可知，纸上有一颗星星，但是父亲只能按照要求照着镜子中的星星画。故选C。 8．A.patterns B．decisions C．choices D．mistakes 答案　D 解析　pattern模式；decision决定；choice选择；mistake错误。根据下文“Every time he _________the pencil，it went the wrong way.”可知，父亲每次动笔，都走错了方向。故选D。 9．A.sharpened B．touched C．dropped D．moved 答案　D 解析　sharpen使锋利；touch触动；drop落下；move移动。根据本句“it went the wrong way”可知，铅笔走错了方向，应是父亲移动铅笔。故选D。 10．A.point B．speed C．comer D．end 答案　A 解析　point要点，点；speed速度；comer来者；end结局。根据上文“Every time he ________the pencil，it went the wrong way.”以及下文“the doctor shouted at him”可知，父亲犯了错，这时医生对他喊。at this point表示“这时”。故选A。 11．A.writing B．staying C．taking D．preparing 答案　C 解析　write写；stay停留；take带走，花(时间、金钱)；prepare准备。根据上文“Every time he the pencil，it went the wrong way.”可知，父亲一直犯错，会花很长时间。故选C。 12．A.exciting B．easy C．important D．unbearable 答案　B 解析　exciting令人兴奋的；easy容易的；important重要的；unbearable无法忍受的。根据下文“You don’t know left from right！”可知，分清左右是很简单的事。故选B。 13．A.instructions B．ideas C．words D．questions 答案　C 解析　instruction指导；idea想法；word话语；question问题。根据上文“Hurry up! Why are you so long? You can’t do such an thing! You don’t know left from right！”可知，这是医生对父亲说的话。故选C。 14．A.promise B．relax C．leave D．understand 答案　D 解析　promise承诺；relax放松；leave离开；understand理解。根据下文“the father understood everything”可知，医生在问父亲是否明白了其中道理。故选D。 15．A.Unfortunately B．Interestingly C．Absolutely D．Suddenly 答案　D 解析　unfortunately不幸地；interestingly有趣地；absolutely绝对；suddenly突然。根据上一段医生对父亲说的话可知，父亲在听完医生的话后，突然明白了一切。故选D。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Mario Loutef had little sleep over the four days leading up to Saturday，when he piled his 1.__________ (ruin) belongings in the street outside his home in Princeton，B.C.A large part of his community 2. (destroy) when the Tulameen River overflowed(漫过) its banks,3._________ (flood) homes and forcing people to evacuate.The community still remains on an evacuation alert(戒备状态) but for many，like Loutef，the damage couldn’t get any 4._________ (bad)． A thick coat of black earth has covered everything on the 5. (one) floor of Loutef’s home.He has been working around 6. clock since he was allowed access.Boards have been torn off walls，on 7. a dirty line about 2 meters up shows how high the water rose. Loutef’s 8. (lose) was great.“I almost lost everything.I don’t know where to start.I don’t know where it’s going to end，” said Loutef，who has lived in the home for the past four years. Loutef is working alone but Lisa Brosseau has got some help.Many 9. (resident) of Princeton are going from house to house offering a hand to those 10. are in need. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。普林斯顿遭遇洪灾，Mario Loutef的家被淹没了，居民们损失惨重。 1．答案　ruined 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，设空处需填入非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词belongings，动词ruin与逻辑主语belongings之间是被动关系，因而用过去分词形式作定语。故填ruined。 2．答案　was destroyed 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少主句谓语，由从句时态可知主句为一般过去时；主句主语为A large part of his community，谓语动词用单数；动词destroy与主语之间是动宾关系，因而用被动语态。故填was destroyed。 3．答案　flooding 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入非谓语作状语，表示自然而然的结果，因而用现在分词形式。故填flooding。 4．答案　worse 解析　考查形容词比较级。“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级的含义。故填worse。 5．答案　first 解析　考查序数词。表示“第几层”用“序数词＋floor”。故填first。 6．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。短语around the clock表示“夜以继日地”。故填the。 7．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，设空处与介词on构成“介词＋关系代词”的结构，引导定语从句，先行词为walls，指物，因而设空处需填入which。故填which。 8．答案　loss 解析　考查名词。分析句子可知，设空处需填入名词作主语，lose的名词形式是loss，为不可数名词。故填loss。 9．答案　residents 解析　考查名词的数。根据设空处前的Many及后面的are可知，设空处需填入名词复数，resident表示“居民”，为可数名词。故填residents。 10．答案　who 解析　考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为those，指人，在从句中作主语，因而用who引导。故填who。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$