Unit 2 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Reading comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks1 that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3∶00 a．m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night. At 3∶42 a．m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if2 the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins3. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks4 covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal5. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock6—and then, later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity7 were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.(节选自人教版新教材必修第一册 UNIT 4) 词汇积累 1．crack /kræk/ n．裂纹；裂缝 2．as if似乎；好像 3．ruin /'ruːɪn/ n．& vt.破坏，毁坏 4．brick /brɪk/ n．砖；砖块 5．metal /'metl/ n．金属 6．shock /ʃɒk/ n．震惊 vt.(使)震惊 7．electricity /ɪˌlek'trɪsəti/ n．电；电能 Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading— Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．injure　　 A．the feeling of happiness that you have when sth unpleasant stops or does not happen 2．orderly B．strange or unusual 3．relief C．to state or show that sth is definitely true or correct，especially by providing evidence 4．inform D．to harm yourself or sb else physically，especially in an accident 5．odd E．arranged or organized in a neat，careful and logical way 6．confirm F．to tell sb about sth，especially in an official way 答案　1.D　2.E　3.A　4.F　5.B　6.C Ⅱ.选词填空 1．We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash，but three days later he showed up safe and sound. 2．At this point，the teacher could suggest revision of the paragraph at large. 3．When Jim heard the fire alarm，he kept his head and looked for the nearest exit. 4．Strong winds can also blow away the valuable soil that lies on the top of the fields. 5．To our relief，the new method finally proved to be a success. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the passage mainly about? A．How to survive natural disasters. B．Two news reports about lucky escapes from two natural disasters. C．The severe impact of natural disasters. D．The signs of natural disaster. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Read the text quickly and match the main idea with each part. News report 1 Part 1(Para.1)　　　 A．The reason for their calmness in the earthquake. Part 2(Paras.2－3) B．476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county. Part 3(Para.4) C．How they managed to escape. 答案　Part 1 B　Part 2 C　Part 3 A News report 2 Part 1(Para.1)　　　 A．How did Sabrina help people escape danger? Part 2(Paras.2－3) B．Sabrina Andron helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis. 答案　Part 1 B　Part 2 A Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 News report 1 Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．How many deaths and injuries did the earthquake cause in Falmont？How about the Falmont Primary School? 答案　Only 5 students suffered slight injuries in the school，despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. 2．What can we infer from the contrast? 答案　When the earthquake hit，the students and teachers at Falmont Primary School reacted correctly and quickly. Ⅱ.Read Paras.2－3 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Choose correct actions according to the article. a．Practise earthquake safety procedures b．Rush to the playground c．Move under desk d．Have a roll call e．Open the door For an earthquake Before (1)a During (2)c，e After (3)b，d 2．Which word can be used to replace the phrase “held on to” in Para.2? A．Grasped. B．Carried. C．Designed. D．Removed. 答案　A 3．(1)What does “a roll call” in Para.3 mean? What did it confirm? 答案　A roll call means the reading of a list of names，which confirmed that all students were safe and sound. (2)How did the students feel after the roll call? 答案　They relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. 4．What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs? A．Alice Brown was too nervous to say one word. B．Alice Brown was calm，organized and thoughtful. C．Alice Brown was irresponsible. D．Alice Brown was cold-hearted. 答案　B Ⅲ.Read Para.4 carefully and do the following exercise. What did Miss Brown’s words show? A．Few students were always calm. B．Miss Brown was good at dealing with all kinds of problems. C．Practising earthquake safety procedures was very important for students. D．Earthquakes often happened in Falmont. 答案　C News report 2 Ⅳ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercise. Why was Goldshore Beach the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life? 答案　It was Sabrina who saved people with her knowledge of tsunamis. Ⅴ.Read Paras.2－3 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What did Sabrina notice about the sea? A．The water was frothy(多泡的；起泡的) and kept coming in. B．It was calm and going in and out. C．The water was warm. D．There was nothing special. 答案　A 2．What does the author mean by saying “...，but she soon kept her head.”？ 答案　At first，she was shocked but she soon calmed herself down. 3．What was her parents’ first reaction when Sabrina warned them of the approaching tsunami? 答案　They thought she was joking. 4．What’s the right order according to the passage? a．Sabrina’s parents didn’t believe her words. b．Sabrina’s parents talked to the safety officer. c．The beach was rapidly cleared of people by the safety officer. d．People were enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind happily. e．Sabrina noticed something unusual and told her parents. A．c—d—e—b—a B．e—a—b—c—d C．d—e—a—b—c D．c—b—a—e—d 答案　C 5．How did Sabrina’s emotions change during the whole event? 答案　Happy→frightened→calm→relieved. 6．Which of the following words can best describe Sabrina? A．Enthusiastic but doubtful. B．Kind and calm. C．Sympathetic and generous. D．Ambitious and tolerant. 答案　B Ⅵ.Read the two news reports and analyse the language characteristics of news reports. 1．What is the feature of the following two sentences? (1)On 17 March,476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2∶27 p．m.(News report 1) (2)A 10-year-old girl，Sabrina Andron，helped around 100 people escape danger...(News report 2) 答案　Accurate.All the key factors such as who，what，when，where，how are included and accurately stated. 2．What is the feature of the following sentence? Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks，head first，and held on to the legs of the desks.(News report 1) 答案　Brief.Use the description of movement to tell readers the whole process. 3．What is the feature of the following two sentences? (1)“We practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year，” said Miss Brown，“so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.”(News report 1) (2)“The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained.“It wasn’t calm and it wasn’t going in and then out.It was just coming in and in and in.”(News report 2) 答案　Objective.Direct speech gives the exact words of a person and helps convince the reader that the report is real. 4．The news reports describe scenes using different senses.Find the sentences using senses and figure out the function of using different senses. 答案　(1)There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground，but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.(News report 1) (2)People were walking，running or simply sitting on the sandy beach，enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.(News report 2) Function：When describing a scene，use sensory information to put the reader in the action.Such descriptive details allow the reader to be transported into the scene. 5．Conclude the language characteristics of news reports. To be accurate. To be brief. To be objective. To describe scenes using different senses. Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．What can you learn from these two news reports？(Critical thinking) 2．What can be done to prepare for a natural disaster？(Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 On 17 March,476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake hitting the county at 2∶27 p．m.Only 5 students suffered slight injuries，despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 1.injured(injure) in the disaster area at large.Alice Brown was teaching 2.when the floor began to shake.Her students’ reaction was quick and correct.3.The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an 4.orderly(order) line covering their heads with their hands.She said that they practised earthquake safety 5.procedures(procedure) twice a year，so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake. On 20 December，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.Goldshore Beach was the only local beach 6.to survive(survive) the disaster without any loss of life.When people were enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind，Sabrina noticed something odd.It occurred 7.to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami and then she asked her parents to talk to a 8.safety(safe) officer.The officer immediately realized the 9.coming(come) danger.The beach was rapidly cleared of people，just before the huge waves 10.crashed(crash) into the coast. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake. [句式分析]　此句是并列句，其中head teacher at Falmont Primary School作Alice Brown的同位语。此句是Sb be doing sth when...句型，意为“某人正在做某事，这时……”，此处的when为并列连词，而不是从属连词。 [自主翻译]　弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。 2．The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. [句式分析]　此句是复合句，名词词组The moment用作连词引导时间状语从句，也可用The minute/second/instant替换，意义上和when相近；it was the best time for the class to make their escape是省略了that的宾语从句。 [自主翻译]　晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。 3．On 20 December，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead. [句式分析]　此句有2个并列的谓语。caused by an undersea earthquake作a series of huge waves的后置定语。left thousands dead是leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语结构，意为“使……处于某种状态”。常在此结构中用作宾语补足语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词、名词、形容词、介词短语。 [自主翻译]　12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪席卷了金海岸附近的海域，造成数千人死亡。 4．Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life. [句式分析]　此句是简单句，其中to survive the disaster without any loss of life作the only local beach的后置定语。当修饰的名词被the only，the next，the last以及序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，用不定式作后置定语。 [自主翻译]　金海岸海滩是当地唯一一个在此次灾难中没有任何人员损失的海滩。 5．It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. [句式分析]　It occurred to sb that...是固定句式，意为“某人突然想到……”；It作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。 [自主翻译]　她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The day had started out as usual for Mrs Ito until the late afternoon，when the news of the destructive tsunami waves came over the radio. At last,12：30 a．m.came as the radio warning had said and nothing happened.She could hear passing people say the tsunami waves must have missed the islands and they laughed as they were returning to their homes.Mrs Ito went into her living room and looked down the street.It was calm. Then，a sudden flash-like lightning lit the sky over Hilo Bay and a deafening explosion broke the night’s silence.The first large wave of the tsunami had burst Hilo’s electric power plant.Suddenly，all the lights in Hilo went out. Next thing Mrs Ito heard was a rumbling sound.Before she knew it，the wave roared into her house.She was knocked to the floor as her house began to spin(旋转) and finally tore apart.Terrible yelling and crying sounds came from her neighbors’ homes.Desperately，Mrs Ito grasped for anything to stay above water.Suddenly，something heavy fell on her.The floorboards opened up and she became trapped.She used every bit of strength in her body to struggle out of the boards and managed to squeeze free.Then she blacked out. When she woke up，she found herself being washed back and forth as the water rose.She couldn’t see anyone else and listened for the sound of ocean waves.There were no waves，so she figured she had to be floating over flooded land.Mrs Ito carefully tried to stretch her foot to touch bottom but it was too deep.Not knowing how to swim，she hung on tight to her tiny makeshift(临时的) raft. At sunrise，she spotted two boats on the horizon.She saw in the distance a radio station tower light.She remained at peace and kept her head down.She thought that death was just a matter of time away.She thought the people on the boats hadn’t seen her.Then the boats came closer and closer.Mrs Ito was seen and saved. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Ito夫人在一次毁灭性极强的海啸中惊险逃生的故事。 1．Which word can describe people’s reaction to the radio warning according to paragraph 2? A．Shocked. B．Anxious. C．Disappointed. D．Relaxed. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She could hear passing people say the tsunami waves must have missed the islands and they laughed as they were returning to their homes.”可知，人们对广播里的海啸预警显然不以为然，没有感到丝毫的惊慌，仍然悠然自得。故选D。 2．What can be inferred about the tsunami? A．It struck the islands as expected. B．It destroyed a radio station tower. C．It attacked Hilo’s electric power plant. D．It occurred at noon without any warning. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The first large wave of the tsunami had burst Hilo’s electric power plant.”可知，海啸来袭，首先摧毁了Hilo的发电厂。故选C。 3．What happened to Mrs Ito during the tsunami? A．She got stuck in the flooded land for days. B．She was rescued by people on the boats luckily. C．She attempted to float on the ocean with a board. D．She was hit by a heavy object and lost memories. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She thought the people on the boats hadn’t seen her.Then the boats came closer and closer.Mrs Ito was seen and saved.”可知，落入水中，靠一个临时木筏苦苦支撑的Ito夫人，最终被驾船的人救了上来。故选B。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Mrs Ito’s story of surviving the tsunami. B．The recovery of the islands after the tsunami. C．The damage caused by a destructive tsunami. D．The effects of the tsunami on local people’s life. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述了Ito夫人在一次毁灭性极强的海啸中死里逃生的故事。故选A。 B It was June 8,1816 and it was early summer in Vermont，US.Yet，a wild winter snow-storm was going on.Nearly a foot of snow covered the fields which had been planted crops only weeks before.This storm would kill all of the crops.At the time，people struggled to understand what had caused the weather to change so wildly.It is only now，more than 200 years later，that scientists have finally solved the mystery.The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10,000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora. Mount Tambora sits on the island of Sumbawa，a beautiful land with rushing streams，gentle hills，and thick jungles，in Indonesia.Nobody had any reason to think the peaceful mountain was in fact a volcano.It had been asleep for centuries，but on April 5,1815，Tambora woke up. The first eruption shook the island and sent up streams of fire and ash.But that was nothing compared with what would come five days later，on April 10.The volcano exploded with a huge cloud of gas，fire and ash shot high into the sky.The day turned midnight black，but the mountain turned red as rivers of lava(岩浆) flowed down the mountain. The eruption went on for more than three days，which instantly killed at least 12,000 people living on and around Mount Tambora.Ash and lava ruined the island’s soil and poisoned its rivers and streams.Rice fields were destroyed.No fruits or vegetables would grow. There were no fish to catch; almost every animal had been killed.The eruption of Tambora in 1815 was the deadliest and most powerful volcanic eruption in human history. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章由1816年美国佛蒙特州的夏季暴雪为切入点，介绍了在1815年4月5日，沉睡了几个世纪的坦博拉火山喷发了，坦博拉火山的喷发是当时人类历史上最致命、威力最大的火山爆发。 5．Why did it snow heavily in Vermont in the summer of 1816? A．Vermont is located in the southern part of the earth. B．Vermont had serious environmental pollution. C．A faraway volcano erupted a year earlier. D．A huge earthquake hit Vermont. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后“The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10,000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.”可知1816年夏天佛蒙特州下大雪的原因是一年前，一座遥远的火山爆发了。故选C。 6．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To lead in the topic. B．To present an argument. C．To introduce Vermont. D．To explain the cause of a volcano. 答案　A 解析　目的意图题。根据第一段最后两句“The cause of the extreme weather was an event that took place a year earlier and 10,000 miles away.It all started with a volcano called Mount Tambora.”，结合文章后文讲述了坦博拉火山的爆发及造成的伤害可知，第一段的目的是引出话题。故选A。 7．When did Mount Tambora start erupting? A．On June 8,1816. B．On April 13,1816. C．On April 5,1815. D．On April 10,1815. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It had been asleep for centuries，but on April 5,1815，Tambora woke up.”可知，坦博拉火山开始喷发的时间是1815年4月5日。故选C。 8．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The process of the eruption was made up of three stages. B．Tambora asleep for centuries woke up in the end. C．The eruption of Tambora broke a historic record. D．The eruption of Tambora led to a terrible disaster. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据文章最后一段“没有鱼可捕，几乎所有的动物都被杀死了。1815年的坦博拉火山爆发是当时人类历史上最致命、威力最大的火山爆发。”可知，该段主要介绍坦博拉火山的爆发导致了一场可怕的灾难。故选D。 C (2023·江苏盐城高一期中) Seismometer(地震仪) stations sense not only ground shaking due to earthquakes but also signals at the surface of our planet，such as storms and—as the researchers discovered—floods.For this research，scientists turned an earthquake seismometer station near the town of Ahrweiler in Germany into a flood tracking tool.Using seismological information from the time of the event，they can tell people about the disaster in a timely way. As the town of Ahrweiler took the full force of a flood，scientists found the seismometer exactly showed the track of the flood for one hour.By comparing mathematical models，the researchers were able to estimate(估算) the speed with which the flood moved.In fact，this was the only systematic source of measurable information about how the flood developed because the three present water level stations in the town were out of service early. As the research shows，this method can provide information that is valuable to track flood for warning and rescue activities.“If the data from that station is available(可用的) and as our research now shows，real time information on the magnitude and speed of the flood will be available as well，”says Dr Michael Dietze at the University of Gottingen.“As 10% of Europe’s surface area is likely to suffer from rapid flooding by rivers，we may want to start thinking about new ways of flood early warning.The present network of water level stations is not enough to be fully prepared for future events，” Dietze adds. Dietze and his team are working on a plan to discover further areas at risk of flooding and provide them with low-cost “watch tower” seismometer pairs—an effort to cut the losses caused by future floods.Dietze says，“The deadly flood that hit the Ahrweiler in Germany in July 2021 gave a warning to the locals，the government，emergency services and scientists—how much we need to learn to improve the present flood warning systems.” 9．What can be known about Ahrweiler? A．It saw an earthquake. B．It’s turned into a station. C．It’s hard hit by a flood. D．It praised these scientists. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As the town of Ahrweiler took the full force of a flood，scientists found the seismometer exactly showed the track of the flood for one hour.”可知，Ahrweiler遭受了猛烈的洪水侵袭。故选C。 10．What do the researchers expect of the seismometer? A．It’ll provide early warning. B．It’ll stop rapid flooding. C．It’ll be a tool for a family. D．It’ll speed up water supply. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句及第三段第一句可知，研究人员希望地震仪可以提供预警信息。故选A。 11．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．People will cut the cost of public services. B．Efforts should be put into flood control. C．The government must save its spending. D．The locals have made a plan of action. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Dietze说的话可推断，还需把更多精力投入到未来防洪工作中。故选B。 12．Where is this text most likely from? A．A health report. B．A guidebook. C．A short story. D．A science magazine. 答案　D 解析　文章出处题。根据第一段内容并通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项新研究发现，地震仪可用于洪水监测预警，故文章可能出自一本科学杂志。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 Unlike hurricanes or floods，earthquakes happen without warning and are usually followed by similar aftershocks，although the aftershocks are usually less powerful than the quake.If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake，there’s often only a short time to decide what to do. 1 •Drop to the ground.The drop，cover，and hold on technique is the cousin of the famous “stop，drop and roll” for fires.While it’s not the only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake，it is the preferred method of the Red Cross.Big earthquakes occur without much，if any，warning. 2 A small earthquake could turn into a big earthquake in a split second；it’s better to be safe than sorry. •Take cover.Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture. 3 If there isn’t a table or desk near you，cover your face and head with your arms and crouch(蜷缩) in an inside corner of the building. •Hold on. 4 Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.If you were unable to find a surface to hide under，continue to keep your head protected by your arms and tucked(躲藏，隐藏) down low. • 5 Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe. A．Stay inside until it’s safe to get out. B．In that case，move to the nearest safe place. C．Stairs are dangerous places to walk during an earthquake. D．So it’s recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits. E．If possible，stay away from windows and anything that could fall. F．The ground maybe shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be falling. G．Studying the following advice could be the difference between life and death. 1．答案　G 解析　上文“If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake，there’s often only a short time to decide what to do.”说明身处地震中，决定该做什么的时间很短，G项“研究以下建议可能是生与死的区别”承接上文，并引出下文提出的建议，符合题意。故选G。 2．答案　D 解析　本段主旨句“Drop to the ground.”说明本段给出的建议是卧倒在地，根据空格上下文可知，大地震发生时不会有太多预警，而小地震在一刹那也可能会变成大地震。D项“所以建议地震一发生你就卧倒在地”符合本段主旨，与上下文语义一致。故选D。 3．答案　E 解析　本段主旨句“Take cover.”说明本段给出的建议是躲起来，上文“Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture.”说明躲起来时应注意的事项，E项“如果可能的话，远离窗户和任何可能坠落的物体”继续介绍躲起来时的注意事项，符合题意。故选E。 4．答案　F 解析　下文“Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.”说明要待在相对安全的地方，等待震动停止，F项“地面可能会晃动，木块或砖块可能会掉落”解释下文动作的原因，符合题意。故选F。 5．答案　A 解析　空格位于段首，为本段主旨句，应概括本段大意。下文说明大多数伤害发生在人们试图改变躲藏的地点或者地方太拥挤并且每个人都想出去时，A项“待在里面，直到出去是安全的”能够概括下文内容，符合题意。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$