Unit 1 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Reading comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

The Sky Railway Sitting back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining. All this time, the song “Sky Railway” has been playing inside my head. The words “railways like massive1 dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”． ... The first landmark2 to catch my eye is the splendid3 Qingshuihe Bridge, the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost. Look！A group of Tibetan antelopes4 is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure5. Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat. Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years. They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour. ... The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station. Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level, this is the highest railway station in the world. In locations such as this, the thin air，changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers. To make sure we stayed healthy, several oxygen-making stations were constructed. We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas. As we pass Cuona Lake, I feel a sense of pride and achievement. Using thousands and thousands of sandbags, we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction6 waste. Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface. Water birds playing in the lake，and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting people’s admiration for centuries. Now, thanks to our efforts，passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes. I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway, and did so with the care that the environment deserves. It truly is an extraordinary “Sky Railway”． (节选自外研版新教材选择性必修第一册 Unit 6) 词汇积累 1．massive /'mæsɪv/ adj.巨大的 2．landmark /'lændmɑːk/ n．地标 3．splendid /'splendɪd/ adj.壮丽的 4．antelope /'æntɪləʊp/ n．羚羊 5．leisure /'leʒə/ n．空闲，闲暇 6．construction /kən'strʌkʃn/ n．建筑，建造 Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading— Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．survive　　　 A．a situation in which a plant，an animal，a way of life，etc.stops existing 2．damage B．in or to a lower position than sb/sth；under sb/sth 3．extinction C．to continue to live or exist despite a dangerous event or time 4．towering D．to become impossible to see 5．disappear E．extremely tall or high and therefore impressive 6．beneath F．physical harm caused to sth which makes it less attractive，useful or valuable 答案　1.C　2.F　3.A　4.E　5.D　6.B Ⅱ.选词填空 1．The project about protecting wildlife had to be stopped due to a lack of funding. 2．Her mother taught her，and she in turn taught her daughter. 3．It was the readers who breathed life into a newspaper with their letters several years ago. 4．A tiny army of microorganisms will break down a jaguar’s body when it dies. 5．It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the text? A．The Amazon rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world. B．The Amazon rainforest gives the richest biodiversity on the Earth. C．The Amazon rainforest is a natural treasure house on the Earth. D．The Amazon rainforest is known as the“lungs of the planet”． 答案　C Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Read the text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　　 A．Plant biodiversity and levels of the rainforest. Para.2 B．Animal biodiversity and food chain. Para.3 C．Introduction to the Amazon rainforest. Para.4 D．The rainforest’s value to the human race and threats to the rainforest. Para.5 E．Basic information about the rainforest. 答案　Para.1 C　Para.2 E　Para.3 A　Para.4 B　Para.5 D Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What’s the function of paragraph 1? A．To emphasize the importance of the Amazon rainforest. B．To explain why the Amazon rainforest is a natural treasure. C．To state the status of the Amazon rainforest：the largest rainforest. D．To lead into the following paragraphs. 答案　D 2．Welcome to the jungle，a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. (1)How do you understand the underlined part? a sea of：a lot of；plenty of alive with：be full of living or moving things (2)Paraphrase this sentence. 答案　Welcome to the jungle，in which there are plenty of green plants and you can hear various sounds of animals. 3．Which word can be used to replace the word “significant” in Para.1? A．Light. B．Small. C．Important. D．Middle. 答案　C Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Fill in the blanks. The author writes about the location，the size，the name and the biodiversity of the Amazon rainforest. 2．How does the documentary script make clear the size of the Amazon rainforest and the length of the Amazon River? 答案　By making comparisons with familiar places or objects. 3．Who may be the target audience of this documentary? Why? 答案　It may target Chinese people.Because the author makes comparisons with China and the Yangtze River to make the audience understand the Amazon rainforest better. 4．What does the word “They” refer to in Line 10? 答案　Different ecosystems supported by the Amazon River. Ⅲ.Read Para.3 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．How does the author develop this paragraph? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By making comparisons. D．Both A and B. 答案　D 2．Complete the mind map about the different levels of the rainforest. Ⅳ.Read Para.4 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．How does the author develop this paragraph? 答案　By giving examples. 2．What can we learn from the fourth paragraph? A．Jaguars are only one element of the forest’s food chain. B．Jaguars feed on less than 80 species. C．Jaguars don’t eat frogs. D．When a jaguar dies，its body won’t be broken down. 答案　A Ⅴ.Read Para.5 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What is the value of the rainforest to us? 答案　The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth’s oxygen.Moreover，the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. 2．What rhetorical device is used in this paragraph? A．Metaphor(隐喻)． B．Personification(拟人)． C．Parallelism(排比)． D．Simile(明喻)． 答案　A 3．In the sentence “Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals：us.”(lines 33－34)，why “us” is used instead of “human beings” here? By using “us” instead of “human beings”，the author wants to emphasize that every one of us is responsible for the damage to the rainforest.Therefore，all of us have a part/role to play in protecting it. 4．What is the function of the question at the end of the passage? A．To introduce the topic. B．To introduce ways to protect the Amazon rainforest. C．To seek for answers to protect the Amazon rainforest. D．To arouse people’s concern about the Amazon rainforest. 答案　D Ⅵ.Read the whole passage and do the following exercises. 1．What type of writing is the passage? A．Narrative writing. B．Exposition. C．Argumentation. D．Practical writing. 答案　B 2．What is the purpose of this documentary script? A．To advertise the Amazon rainforest. B．To popularize(科普) the Amazon rainforest. C．To persuade readers to protect wildlife. D．To call for our joint efforts to protect the Amazon rainforest. 答案　D 3．What is the author’s attitude towards the Amazon rainforest? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Objective. D．Indifferent. 答案　C Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．What makes the Amazon rainforest a natural treasure？(Creative thinking) 2．What is your answer to the question at the end of the script？(Critical thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 The Amazon rainforest,1.which is the largest rainforest in the world，plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,2.including(include) Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region of France.The Amazon River is close to 6,400 kilometres in 3.length(long)．Of the 390,000 plant species 4.known(know) to humans，more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon.The forest’s different levels support 5.an unbelievable variety of wildlife.Each level of the forest forms its own little world，home to different kinds of 6.living(live) things.More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life.The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and 7.producing(produce) over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen.Thus,8.it is often known as the “lungs of the planet”．However，over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest 9.has disappeared(disappear) due to human activities.As a result，we have to think about the question whether we can afford 10.to damage(damage) the “lungs of the planet”． Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries，including Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region of France，all on the South American continent. [句式分析]　此句是简单句，其中including是介词，意指“包含，包括”；若将此句改为Brazil and Peru，and one overseas region of France (include)，空处应填included。all on the South American continent是独立主格结构作状语。 [自主翻译]　亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。 2．The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. [句式分析]　此句是复合句，其中from which the rainforest gets its name是“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 The Amazon River。 [自主翻译]　亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米，比长江还长大约100千米。 3．While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. [句式分析]　此句是复合句，While引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。 [自主翻译]　尽管这里生存着数量可观的美洲豹，但它们仅仅是雨林食物链的一环。 4．As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ [句式分析]　此句为复合句。As引导时间状语从句；we are left with a question 是主句；can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”作a question的同位语。 [自主翻译]　随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A When Ariel Cordova-Rojas rode her bike to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens，New York，last November，she planned to go hiking and bird-watching.Bingo! A mile into her walk，she spotted a beautiful female mute swan(疣鼻天鹅) near the water’s edge.Cordova-Rojas,30，who had worked at the Wild Bird Fund recovery center in Manhattan，knew that mute swans can be battlesome.But as she approached this one，it didn’t move.She was certain that the bird needed medical attention.Cordova-Rojas placed her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm，carefully picked it up，and held it in her arms.And then a thought struck her: What do I do now? Her best bet was the recovery center，but that was across the East River and clear on the other side of town.How was she going to transport a 17-pound swan on her bike all that way? Luckily，some strangers driving by offered her，her bike，and the swan a lift to a nearby subway station.She worried others might be disturbed.However，on the subway，no one seemed particularly fazed by the feathered passenger.One guy，says Cordova-Rojas，was “sitting right in front of me on his phone.I don’t know if he noticed there was a swan in front of him”． Cordova-Rojas called the recovery center，and Tristan Higginbotham，an animal-care manager，picked her up at the subway station and drove bird，bike，and the rescuer to the facility.There，staff members determined that the swan might have lead poisoning. The staff got the swan back up on her feet.She even made a boyfriend at the center—another injured swan.Sadly，even with all that tender loving care，the swan fell ill with a bacterial infection.Two months after Cordova-Rojas came to her rescue，she passed away. It’s a disappointing ending，but the real story is just how far some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city literally.In all，Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot，car，and subway (with her bike)．“That’s the perfect summary of who she is，” says Higginbotham. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了30岁的科尔多瓦·罗哈斯偶遇一只受伤的疣鼻天鹅，并对其实施救助的故事。 1．How did Cordova-Rojas know the swan was in trouble? A．She noticed a scar on the swan. B．She found the swan trapped in water. C．The swan was behaving in an abnormal way. D．The swan attacked her when she came near it. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，疣鼻天鹅本性好斗，但是当科尔多瓦·罗哈斯靠近这只天鹅时，它没有动。正是它的反常行为让她知道天鹅遇到了麻烦。故选C。 2．What does the underlined word “fazed” in paragraph 3 mean? A．On top of the world. B．In the wrong. C．On the rocks. D．At a loss. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据上文“She worried others might be disturbed.”和画线词所在句中的However可推知，她担心的事情并未发生，没人觉得天鹅乘地铁有什么不妥，没有人看起来“困惑不解”。结合选项，画线词与“at a loss”意思相近。故选D。 3．How was the swan’s life at the recovery center? A．The swan enjoyed its staying there. B．Many people came to visit the swan. C．The swan suffered a lot of pain there. D．The swan’s life there was totally disappointing. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，天鹅在康复中心重新站了起来，还交了男朋友，由此可推知，天鹅享受在康复中心的生活。故选A。 4．What sort of person was Cordova-Rojas? A．Curious and generous. B．Caring and thoughtful. C．Energetic and independent. D．Sensible and straightforward. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第二段中Cordova-Rojas果断而细心地救助天鹅的行为和最后一段中的“Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot，car，and subway (with her bike)”可知，她富有爱心，而且细心周到。故选B。 B (2023·江苏泰州高一联考) Recently，a team of researchers in Oxford University found that creating fuel(燃料) for planes out of CO2 could soon be a reality. The process uses cheap iron as a material to catch CO2 from the air and turns it into fuel for planes.The researchers have described their discovery as “significant social progress” in how the plentiful greenhouse gas (CO2) is turned into fuel and its potential to make flying more environmentally acceptable. Aviation(航空) is a large and growing contributor to the greenhouse effect.It contributes around 10 per-cent of the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions(排放)．Flying has as a result become an environmental battleground with environmentalists strongly against expansion of air travel for increasing CO2 emissions. The UK，by law，is determined to get to “zero” carbon emissions by 2050，so a new form of carbon fuel must be found.The problem for aviation is that its fuel breaks down and gives off CO2 and water，and both of them are sent out into the atmosphere. However，the new technique would catch the gas in the air and create fuel，without the need of filling up with new fuel from the ground.CO2 is highly stable(稳定的)，but the researchers managed to turn it back into fuel by using a chemical change powered by an iron-based material—at low temperatures—and adding hydrogen(H2)． Professor Edwards said the achievement could put Britain at a leading level of a new green industry.He expected it could increase production in two to three years and the team is in discussion with UK industries to set up a factory to put it into production.“Our plan is that the world can see that CO2 can be used as energy carrier to enable aviation to last，” he said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。牛津大学的研究人员宣布用二氧化碳制造飞机燃料将很快成为现实。 5．Why is the new form of fuel considered as “significant social progress”？ A．It is cost-effective. B．It’s made from CO2. C．It’s environmentally friendly. D．It makes flying much stabler. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，这种新型燃料之所以是一个重大的社会进步是因为它可以使飞行变得更环保。故选C。 6．What’s the main driving factor of the achievement? A．The shortage of petrol. B．The existing law of the UK. C．The pressure from the environmentalists. D．The aim of “zero” carbon emissions by 2050. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段首句可推断，英国决心在2050年前实现“零”碳排放推动研究人员实现了这个成就。故选D。 7．What can we infer from what Professor Edwards said? A．The researchers can’t win support from UK industries. B．It’s easy to see that CO2 can be used as energy carrier. C．British has been playing a leading role in green industry. D．It takes time and efforts to put the technique into practical use. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He expected it could increase production in two to three years and the team is in discussion with UK industries to set up a factory to put it into production.”可推断，这项技术如果想投入使用还需要时间和努力。故选D。 8．What is the most suitable title of this article? A．A Significant Chemical Change B．Emission-free Flight Fueled out of CO2 C．CO2—A Useful Gas If Properly Used D．Aviation—A Greenhouse-effect Contributor 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的用二氧化碳制造飞机燃料的研究；而根据第二段可知，用二氧化碳制造的飞机燃料是零排放的。所以B项“以二氧化碳供能的零排放飞行”最适合作为标题。故选B。 C One million species in nature are at risk of dying out，more than ever before in human history，according to a UN report released in May.And humans should be responsible. The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) based the assessment(评估) on some 15,000 sources considering the causes and results of environmental changes over the past 50 years. The findings are clear and alarming.The researchers have found that about 25 percent of the world’s plants and animals are at risk of dying out.These include sea and land animals.Even the domesticated(驯养的) animals are at risk: Over 9 percent of the domesticated animal species used for food and agriculture might have been lost. There are some big problems.This rapid decrease of the natural world endangers global food safety and quality of life.For example，about 4 billion people rely on natural medicines，produced by the disappearing species，for their health care.And losses of species of plants threaten up to $577 billion in crops each year. The researchers found five drivers responsible for the unpleasant news.They think at the top of the list is the change of land and sea use.The change in ecosystems towards agriculture and other human developments has led to changes in the natural living space of species.It is followed by the direct overuse of creatures (harvesting crops，cutting down the trees，hunting and fishing) and climate change，including rising sea levels and increasing extreme-weather events，wildfires，floods and droughts.The final causes of species’ dying out are pollution，and the spread of non-native species that can displace or kill native plants and animals. The researchers say it is time for humans to make a change.They think maybe a new global way to save food and refuse waste in our life could turn the tables.Whether that is possible is an open question. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。联合国的一份报告表明，现在世界上有100多万物种面临灭绝，文章分析了物种濒临灭绝的原因以及对人类造成的影响，并呼吁人类应该做出改变。 9．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic of the text. B．To introduce the schedule of the report. C．To introduce humans’ sense of responsibility. D．To introduce the history of human development. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。第一段引用联合国公布的一项报告，说明世界上物种灭绝问题严重。结合下文对物种灭绝的原因和后果的分析推知，本段的目的是引出本文的话题。故选A。 10．What does paragraph 3 mainly show? A．The reliability of the findings. B．The seriousness of species loss. C．The species of animals worldwide. D．The risky experiences of the researchers. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“about 25 percent of the world’s plants and animals are at risk of dying out”及“Even the domesticated(驯养的) animals are at risk”可知，本段主要说明了物种灭绝的严重性。故选B。 11．What is the biggest threat to species’ survival according to the researchers? A．Climate change. B．Natural disasters. C．Changes of their living space. D．The direct overuse of creatures. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二、三句可知，研究者认为物种生存的最大威胁是动物生存空间的变化。故选C。 12．What are the researchers in favor of? A．Changing our living habits. B．Spreading non-native species. C．Limiting native plants and animals. D．Stopping discussing the food problem. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段前两句可知，研究者说我们人类应该做出改变了，或许一种新的全球性的节省食物和拒绝我们生活中的浪费的方法可以扭转局面。由此推知，研究者支持“改变我们的生活习惯”这一观点。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 Many people think of sharks as dangerous monsters.But human beings cause a far greater danger to them than they do to us.Although shark attacks do occur，they are quite rare.According to one estimate，however，humans kill 100 million sharks every year. 1 Why should we save the sharks? Sharks take up the top position on the food chain in the ocean.As sharks die off，the population of the animals that sharks consume will increase.This，in turn，means that the number of the creatures those animals eat will drop. 2 Fish that eat algae(藻类) are also included.This can cause algae to spread so much that it damages coral reefs. 3 The ocean not only produces more oxygen than all the rainforests on Earth combined，but also removes half of the man-made greenhouse gas from the atmosphere.Once sharks die off，the global ecosystem will be upset，affecting all creatures including human beings. Don’t use shark products. First，vitamin energy drinks and leather goods can be made from shark parts. 4 In addition，shark meat is sold around the world，sometimes under misleading names such as rock salmon or whitefish. Shark fin soup is a popular dish.However，the process of getting fins is cruel.Fishermen cut the shark’s fins off and then throw the shark back into the water，still alive. 5 Sharks breathe by swimming，so a shark that can’t swim will die. A．It is time for children to learn about sharks. B．Shark oil is also used in many popular beauty products. C．Then the shark dies slowly，sometimes over several days. D．Actually，the killing of sharks will affect the whole planet. E．People in some countries are especially keen on shark products. F．Among them are some sea fish that humans consume every day. G．This number is a warning that many kinds of sharks may die out. 1．答案　G 解析　空前一句提到人类每年杀死1亿只鲨鱼，下文提到我们应该保护鲨鱼，所以G项“这个数字是一个警告，许多种类的鲨鱼可能会灭绝”符合语境，G项中“This number”指代上文的“100 million”，故选G。 2．答案　F 解析　上文提到鲨鱼数量减少对食物链的影响，结合下文“Fish that...also included”可知，空处应是提到鱼类会受到影响，F项“其中有一些是人类每天食用的海鱼”符合语境，F项中的“Among them”呼应下文的“also included”，故选F。 3．答案　D 解析　根据下文“Once sharks die off，the global ecosystem will be upset，affecting all creatures including human beings.”可知，本段是讲述鲨鱼数量减少对全球生态系统的影响，D项“事实上，捕杀鲨鱼会影响到整个地球”统领本段，符合语境。故选D。 4．答案　B 解析　空前一句提到鲨鱼被制成饮料和皮制品，空后一句提到鲨鱼肉被售卖，可知本段是在介绍鲨鱼制品，B项“鲨鱼油也被用于许多流行的美容产品中”符合语境，故选B。 5．答案　C 解析　空前一句提到被割掉鱼鳍的鲨鱼被扔回海里，空后一句说明没有鱼鳍的鲨鱼不能游泳，无法呼吸，所以几天就会死亡，C项“然后鲨鱼慢慢死去，有时会持续几天”符合语境，故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$