Unit 5 Period 2 Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（外研版2019）

A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE . . . Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic1 expedition2. An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard3 his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. Unfortunately, three days after we set off I was discovered. Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job, but only after he promised me, “If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first！” He assigned me to be a steward4, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day. How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to! The journey has not been easy.Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck! We saw the ship get crushed by the ice. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. Before we abandoned5 the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. This was no time to panic. We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up. We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive6, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt. (节选自人教版新教材选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4) 词汇积累 1．Antarctic /æn'tɑːktɪk/ adj. 南极的 2．expedition /ˌekspə'dɪʃn/ n. 探险(队) 3．aboard /ə'bɔːd/ adv.在船上 4．steward /'stjuːəd/ n. 乘务员 5．abandon /ə'bændən/ vt.抛弃 6．survive /sə'vaɪv/ v．幸存， 继续生存 Period 2　Understanding ideas—Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．confirm　　 A．the act of trying to do something，especially something difficult 2．crowd B．a colorless gas that forms a large part of the air on earth and is needed by most living things to live 3．attempt C．to state or show that sth is definitely true or correct 4．failure D．in this way；as a result of sth just mentioned 5．thus E．a large group of people who have come together 6．oxygen F．the fact of someone or something not succeeding 答案　1.C　2.E　3.A　4.F　5.D　6.B Ⅱ.选词填空 1．Instead of letting off steam about this，we should try to figure out what to do. 2．Much to my delight，my calligraphy work was referred to as the best one. 3．How did your mother succeed in keeping the peace between you and your brothers? 4．We must take immediate measures to stop his bleeding，otherwise it will take his life. 5．The issue of food safety has increasingly been brought into focus，arousing wide social concern. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What does the text mainly talk about? A．Bravely climbing Qomolangma. B．The reasons for climbing Qomolangma. C．Arguments on climbing Qomolangma. D．Whether to climb Qomolangma or not. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Match the main idea with each part. Part 1Para.1　　　A．The scientific reasons behind taking risks. Part 2Paras.2－3 B．It’s up to the readers to decide whether it is worth the risks to climb Qomolangma. Part 3Paras.4－6 C．The common situation of climbing Qomolangma. Part 4Para.7 　　 D．The famous examples and comments about climbing Qomolangma. 答案　Part 1 C　Part 2 D　Part 3 A　Part 4 B Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Para.1 and do the following exercises. 1．What does the author try to tell us in paragraph 1? A．The great benefit of climbing Qomolangma. B．Two different kinds of Qomolangma climbers. C．People’s strong desire to climb Qomolangma. D．The great risks of climbing Qomolangma. 答案　C 2．Why did many Qomolangma climbers decide to try again? A．They didn’t make it in early attempts. B．They hoped to stay away from crowds. C．They wanted to take unique adventures. D．They couldn’t live a life without climbing. 答案　C Ⅱ.Read Paras.2－3 and do the following exercises. 1．What did George Mallory think of climbing Qomolangma? A．Making a living. B．Enjoying life. C．Making an adventure. D．Earning money. 答案　B 2．What do George Mallory and Alan Arnette have in common? A．They both succeeded in climbing Qomolangma. B．They both climbed many other high mountains afterwards. C．They both found the risks of climbing worth taking. D．They both found the real meaning of life and enjoyed it. 答案　C 3．What can be inferred from George Mallory’s words in paragraph 2? A．People care much about eating and making money. B．It’s hard to find a reason for climbing Qomolangma. C．Nothing but joy can be felt in climbing Qomolangma. D．Climbing Qomolangma is a journey of gaining the pleasure of life. 答案　D 4．What is the most important and unique for us when we want to give up? A．The reasons to turn around. B．Looking inside ourselves. C．The physical and mental toughness. D．Keeping focus on the climbing. 答案　C 5．Once you have the physical as well as mental toughness，what will you do according to the text? A．Stop going ahead. B．Keep remaining still. C．Move on. D．Set about exercising. 答案　C Ⅲ.Read Paras.4－6 and do the following exercises. 1．What are the “Type T” personalities? “Type T” personalities，with the “T” standing for “thrill”，are personality traits that make people more likely to take risks than others. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Some people like taking risks according to human nature. B．Climbing Qomolangma costs less money. C．The passage tells us that it is not worth climbing Qomolangma. D．George Mallory thought that people should live to make money. 答案　A 3．What is a person of “Type T” probably like? A．He is interested in making money. B．He will not go for the mountain climbing. C．He enjoys the excitement of mountain climbing. D．He will be a success in his life journey. 答案　C 4．How can we measure the action of climbing Qomolangma? A．By taking more risks and climbing more. B．By balancing the benefits and the result. C．By being an expert and expecting not to die. D．By equipping ourselves with “Type T” personalities. 答案　B Ⅳ.Read Para.7 and do the following exercise. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The author likes to climb Qomolangma. B．It’s worth climbing Qomolangma. C．It depends on us whether to climb or not. D．Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. 答案　C Ⅴ.Read the whole passage again and do the following exercise. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A．To encourage people to climb Qomolangma if fully prepared，as risks bring many benefits. B．To remind people to balance the benefits and risks before deciding to climb Qomolangma. C．To suggest that people stop taking risks and climbing Qomolangma，as the risks outweigh the benefits. D．To tell people that there are many stories about the people climbing Qomolangma. 答案　B Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．Do you agree with Mallory’s and Arnette’s ideas？Why？(Critical thinking) 2．If you were given the chance，would you like to climb Qomolangma? Why or why not？(Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 Last year，hundreds of people spent a lot of money on climbing Qomolangma，even though they knew they would be challenged with different risks.For some people，climbing makes them feel 1.powerful(power)． George Mallory believed that we eat and make money 2.to enjoy(enjoy) life.Sadly，he lost his life in 1924 when he 3.was climbing(climb) Qomolangma.4.It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top before it took his life.Alan Arnette,5.who climbed Qomolangma in 2011，held the idea that climbing brought 6.into focus what was important in our life.He believed that there were a thousand reasons to turn around and only one to keep going.He added，“You have to focus on 7.the one reason that’s most important and unique to you.It depends on the physical and mental 8.toughness(tough) to push when you want to give up.” With the majority of attempts 9.resulting(result) either in total success or failure，is there a scientific reason？Recent studies indicate that risk-taking may be part of human nature.Besides，people enjoy climbing because they expect to benefit from the result. Therefore，it’s 10.totally(total) up to you whether you will take the risk of climbing Qomolangma. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life. [句式分析]　此句为复合句。It is still not known...中，It作形式主语，if引导的从句是真正的主语；succeed in doing意为“成功做成……”；before引导时间状语从句。 [自主翻译]　至今人们也不知道他生前是否成功登顶了珠峰。 2．In 2011，words similar to those of Mallory were spoken by American mountain climber Alan Arnette，who climbed Qomolangma in that year and was going to climb other high mountains around the world. [句式分析]　此句为复合句。主句主语和谓语为words和were spoken；similar to...为形容词短语作后置定语；who引导定语从句，修饰Alan Arnette。 [自主翻译]　2011年，美国登山家艾伦•阿内特也说过与马洛里类似的话。那一年他登上了珠峰，之后又准备去攀登世界各地其他的高山。 3．It forces you to look deep inside yourself and figure out if you really have the physical，as well as mental，toughness to push when you want to stop. [句式分析]　此句为复合句。force sb to do意为“迫使某人做……”，figure out意为“理解，弄明白”，if 引导的从句作figure out的宾语；when引导时间状语从句。 [自主翻译]　它会强迫你去深入地审视自己，去思考自己的身体和心灵是否足够坚强，能在你想放弃的时候推动你继续向前。 4．With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure，is there also a scientific reason behind this risk-taking? [句式分析]　此句为简单句。句子主干为there be句型的一般疑问句式；句子开头是With的复合结构，the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma为宾语，resulting either in total success or failure为宾语补足语。 [自主翻译]　攀登珠峰的大多数尝试要么大获全胜，要么彻底失败，这一冒险行为的背后是否也有科学解释呢？ 5．Research also suggests that our desire to seek risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result. [句式分析]　此句为复合句。句中suggest意为“显示，表明”，其后由that引导的宾语从句中使用了陈述语气；how much引导宾语从句，作to的宾语；benefit from意为“从……中受益”。 [自主翻译]　还有的研究表明，我们对于冒险的渴望与我们期待从中获得多少收益有关。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The father of an 8-year-old boy says his son is now the youngest person to climb the famous El Capitan in California. After four days of guided climbing，Joe Baker and his son Sam Baker reached the top of the cliff(悬崖) face inside Yosemite National Park last week.“We made it！” Joe Baker wrote on Facebook.“What an amazing week! I’m so proud of Sam.He completed the youngest rope ascent(登顶) of El Capitan！” Rock climbing has long been a favorite pastime for the Baker family.Though Sam’s mother，Ann Baker didn’t join for the ascent，she is also a climber and a big supporter of her son’s brave efforts.The family set up a website to record the details of Sam Baker’s adventures and raise money to “make films that encourage parents to adventure big with their kids.” Sam Baker began training for the ascent at least 18 months ago and reached the top of Moonlight Buttress inside Zion National Park in Utah as a bit of a test run，according to his dad.“He did great on Moonlight Buttress！” Joe Baker said. They began the ascent of El Capitan on October 25 and reached the top on October 28.They made the journey with the help of two guides.The Bakers used a technique known as “jugging”，also known as a rope ascent，which includes using handheld equipment to slide(滑行) up a fixed rope that’s been placed by a guide who’s further up the rock.This way，the climber can move effortlessly up the rope without touching the rock face.The ascent takes many days，which means supplying(提供) the group with food，water and other heavy equipment. “It’s just a great place，” Joe Baker tells the journalist.“It’s kind of like the mecca(圣地) of rock climbing.It’s such a big adventure and also an opportunity.” 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个8岁男孩打破纪录，成为加州最年轻的攀爬酋长巨石的人。 1．What can we learn about Sam Baker? A．He grew up in a climbing family. B．He climbed El Capitan with his mother. C．He made films to raise money for his climbs. D．He set a new record on Moonlight Buttress. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Rock climbing has long been a favorite pastime for the Baker family.”可知，Sam Baker成长在一个攀登家庭。故选A。 2．What does the technique “jugging” refer to? A．A guide walks on fixed handheld equipment. B．Climbers move a fixed distance together on ropes. C．Climbers receive physical training before the ascent. D．A guide climbs ahead and sets a rope for others to follow. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句可知，“jugging”是指一名向导爬在前面，并放置一根绳子让其他人跟随。故选D。 3．What did the group prepare for the ascent of El Capitan? A．Professional guidebooks. B．Medical reports. C．Necessary supplies. D．Repair facilities. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The ascent takes many days，which means supplying(提供) the group with food，water and other heavy equipment.”可知，团队为登顶El Capitan准备了必要的物资。故选C。 4．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．An 8-year-old’s record-breaking climb. B．An 8-year-old’s courage to face challenges. C．An 8-year-old’s amazing climbing technique. D．An 8-year-old’s confidence in setting records. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段并结合下文对此事的进一步介绍可知，文章主要讲述了一个8岁男孩打破纪录的一次攀爬。故选A。 B It was another day of class.As the students practiced parkour(跑酷)，a mother and her child walked past.“What are they doing，Mum？” the child asked.“They are putting themselves in danger and it is something I will never want you to do，” the mother replied. I drew back with worry and painful acceptance.What has happened to the natural love of movement in humans，and what will happen to the future generations when technology and convenience are controlling our daily lives? We recently had a Parkour for Everyone workshop at Bishan.I remember very clearly when Fangan was giving instructions to a group，a young child ran up to a tall pillar(柱子) and started to climb it till a high height with a 2-metre drop.Of course，Fangan called him back due to safety concerns.But deep down，I knew a lot of us were smiling within.Such natural bravery is admired and in my opinion，is a must for achieving success in life. Parkour is starting to get popular，but many parents do not understand it.Even I hesitate when I tell them I am a parkour coach.I can see their wonder，fear，or dislike.I get tired of explaining its life-changing benefits.Actually，there is a deeper meaning behind why parkour is practised.There is a huge surge of physical and emotional freedom that comes along with its practice. Fortunately，times are changing.If the parents who do not like this art are positively changed by it，there will be no more doubt in the power that parkour can bring to man.My hope is that the day will come when it is common for parents to put aside electronic products and spend time moving and playing with their children in the open field.Children will grow in imagination and confidence，learning more about the spirit of play. 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述很多父母对于跑酷这一新流行运动艺术抱有误解，作者希望通过这篇文章来改变家长对于这一运动的看法。 5．What does the author worry about? A．Mothers’ pain. B．Outdoor dangers. C．Children’s growth. D．Technological development. 答案　 C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“what will happen to the future generations when technology and convenience are controlling our daily lives”可知，作者担心的是孩子们的成长。故选C。 6．What made the author smile within? A．Fangan’s responsibility. B．The show of expected courage. C．The child’s funny performance. D．The big success of the workshop. 答案　 B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“But deep down，I knew a lot of us were smiling within.Such natural bravery is admired and in my opinion，is a must for achieving success in life.”可知，bravery与B项中的courage意义相近，说明表现出期望的勇气让作者发自内心地微笑。故选B。 7．What does the underlined word “surge” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Increase. B．Exchange. C．Loss. D．Demand. 答案　 A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段的“Actually，there is a deeper meaning behind why parkour is practised.There is a huge surge of physical and emotional freedom that comes along with its practice.”可知，画线词应是说明跑酷可以激起身心的自由，A项increase符合题意。故选A。 8．What is the writer’s intention of writing the text? A．To inspire students. B．To describe parkour. C．To express the concern. D．To help parents change. 答案　 D 解析　写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，作者写这篇文章是希望父母可以改变对于跑酷的看法，和孩子们一起享受户外时光。故选D。 C Scientists have an unlikely new helper while exploring the Earth’s crust(地壳) deep beneath the ocean: fin whales.New research，published Thursday in Science，finds these fin whale calls’ sound waves can help create images of the seafloor down to 2.5 kilometers. Seafloor imaging，which is important for studying things like earthquake mechanics and carbon storage capacity，usually uses large air guns that send waves of sound downwards.The sound waves go through the crust and bounce back to instruments on the seafloor，carrying information about the structures they travel through.But such surveys are expensive，and the guns’ explosive noise may interrupt sea creatures that use sound to communicate. Vaclav Kuna，the study co-author，was studying earthquakes when he noticed strange readings on the seafloor seismic(地震的) instruments，which turned out to match the frequencies of fin whale calls.Whale songs often appear in such instruments’ records，says Emily Roland，a marine seismologist at the University of Washington.Seismologists usually see these signals as annoyance.Kuna，however，noticed that the signals were not coming directly from the whales，but were echoes bouncing back from within the crust. This technique does have limitations，Kuna says.Fin whale songs are limited in frequency，meaning the subsurface images are not as clear as those made with air guns.Additionally，a relatively flat seafloor is needed to triangulate(做三角测量) the whales’ positions while multiple stations would be needed in uneven or mountainous regions，he says. Nevertheless，these whales are found almost everywhere except the ice-covered areas of the Arctic.The whale calls’ wide existence means they could provide new insight into old seismic datasets，Roland says.“At least the whale songs can serve as an additional source of signals.They are free and they are always there，” Kuna says.“It’s a win-win.” 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。研究发现，长须鲸的叫声可以帮助海底成像，进而帮助科学家们探索地壳结构。 9．What can we infer about fin whale calls? A．They can help scientists to locate their habitats. B．They are easy to record and measure in the ocean. C．They are likely to be used for seafloor imaging. D．They have different frequencies among fin whales. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，长须鲸的叫声可能被用于海底成像。故选C。 10．What do we know about seafloor imaging according to paragraph 2? A．It may affect some sea animals. B．It can help predict earthquakes. C．It is not completely accurate. D．It is environmentally friendly. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句和第三句可知，海底成像可能会影响一些海洋动物。故选A。 11．What is the potential use of fin whale songs? A．Exchanging messages between whales. B．Working as an extra source of signals. C．Providing useful insights into whales. D．Exploring the ice-covered areas of the Arctic. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“At least the whale songs can serve as an additional source of signals.”可知，长须鲸的歌声的一个潜在用途是它可以作为一个额外的信号源。故选B。 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Fin Whale Calls Reveal Structure Beneath Ocean Floor B．Fin Whales Communicate by Singing Special Songs C．Fin Whale Protection Is a Win-win Move for All D．Seafloor Imaging Helps to Locate More Resources 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，本文主要讲了长须鲸的叫声可以帮助海底成像，进而帮助科学家们探索地壳结构。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 Rock climbing may seem like a sport possibly full of danger. 1 But experts say it offers participants a wide variety of physical and mental health benefits that are not always found in other sports.Here are four reasons you may wish to give rock climbing a try. Build muscle strength.It’s not surprising that pulling your body up a cliff wall builds muscle in your arms. 2 In addition to giving your biceps(二头肌) and triceps(三头肌) a workout，it can build a lot of upper-body strength when you climb，especially in the hands and fingers. 3 Much of rock climbing’s skill lies in determining and memorizing your climbing route beforehand.You also need to be able to work out some problems on the fly so that you can change your route if you encounter unexpected obstacles. Improve communication skills.Roped climbers have a companion on the ground called a belayer(保护者)，who handles the rope through a device to manage the tension or slack(松弛)．Throughout a climb，the climber must constantly communicate with the belayer about when the climber wants to rest and when it’s time to come down. 4 Combat depression. 5 Researchers in Germany found rock climbing to be successful psychotherapy for adults with depression，thanks to its physical，social and mental benefits. A．Promote your determination. B．But climbing is a full-body exercise. C．Rock climbing can help battle the blues. D．Enhance memory and problem-solving. E．So，easy but clear expressions can save your life. F．Communication skills are really important in our daily life. G．After all，it involves climbing the side of a cliff or man-made rock wall. 1．答案　G 解析　根据前句“Rock climbing may seem like a sport possibly full of danger.”可知，这里介绍攀岩是一种危险的运动。选项G“毕竟，它涉及爬悬崖或人造岩壁的一边”承接上句，表明了攀岩活动危险的原因，并与后文构成转折。故选G。 2．答案　B 解析　根据前句“It’s not surprising that pulling your body up a cliff wall builds muscle in your arms.”和后句“In addition to giving your biceps(二头肌) and triceps(三头肌) a workout，it can build a．..”可知，攀岩对全身都有好处。选项B“但攀岩是一项全身运动”能够承接上下句。故选B。 3．答案　D 解析　空处为段首句，为本段中心句。根据后文可知，攀岩运动能够增强记忆力和提高解决问题的能力。选项D“增强记忆力和解决问题的能力”符合本段主旨。故选D。 4．答案　E 解析　根据本段中心句“Improve communication skills.”和前句“Throughout a climb，the climber must constantly communicate with the belayer about...”可知，有效的沟通在攀岩运动中至关重要。选项E“所以，简单但清晰的表达可以挽救你的生命”符合语境。故选E。 5．答案　C 解析　根据本段中心句“Combat depression.”和后句“Researchers in Germany found rock climbing to be successful psychotherapy for adults with depression，thanks to its physical，social and mental benefits.”可知，攀岩运动可以帮助治疗抑郁。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$