Unit 3 Period 3 Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（外研版2019）

Period 3　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Without compasses(指南针)，it is easy to get lost in such a thick forest. 2．As we all know，leather and rubber are flexible(易弯曲的) while glass and iron are not. 3．New technology has made it possible to develop an online virtual library. 4．I have a lot of stuff to do today，and would you like to give me some assistance？ 5．Some watches are much more than just wearable(可穿戴的) parts to tell you the time. 6．Don’t forget to take a few spare batteries(电池) for we will stay out for a whole day. 7．To everyone’s relief，the criminal was shot dead then and there by the policeman. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．Linda began to explain the reason for her absence under pressure from the boss，but she became very tearful when pressed to talk about it.(press) 2．The girl with a disability has a strong desire to get a desirable job to prove herself to those who once looked down upon her.(desire) 3．Most living creatures are capable of adaptation when forced to do so，while animals in the zoo have lost the capability to catch food for themselves.(capable) 4．I hope to find a job with great flexibility where I can work flexibly，so that I can spare some time to accompany my children.(flexible) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．I respect my English teacher most，whose flexible teaching method is very interesting. 我最尊敬我的英语老师，她灵活的教学方法非常有趣。(whose引导定语从句) 2．I suggest that you begin from Beijing and I will show you around this city. 我建议你从北京开始，我会带你游览这个城市。 3．The doctor has been standing there to take care of the injured soldier. 那位医生一直站在那里照顾那个受伤的战士。(现在完成进行时) 4．My family will be enjoying our holiday at the seaside this time next week. 下周这个时候，我们全家将在海边度假。(将来进行时) 5．The police asked，“ Where was it that the accident happened？” 警察问：“事故究竟是在哪里发生的？”(强调句型的特殊疑问句) press v．按；压；施加压力；催促 n．新闻报道；评论(pressure n．压力) •press sb to do sth催促某人做某事 press (...) against使贴着 •under pressure在压力之下，承受压力 (1)The military was pressed to make(make) a final decision as soon as possible. (2)To our embarrassment，Michael took a few steps backwards and pressed his back against the wall. (3)(应用文写作之申请信)Knowing that you’re looking for polite and patient people who can work under pressure from your website，I’m writing to apply to be one of them. 我从你们的网站上获悉你们正在寻找礼貌、有耐心且能在压力下工作的人，故写信申请成为其中一员。 capable adj.有能力的；能干的(capability n．能力，水平) •be capable of有能力…… •have the capability to do sth/of doing sth有做某事的能力 (1)People experience differences in physical and mental capability(capable) depending on the time of day. (2)(申请信之个人优势)I have a good command of English and am capable of communicating in English fluently. 我精通英语，能用英语流畅地交流。 (3)毋庸置疑，我们有能力养活我们自己。 ①There is no doubt that we have the capability to support ourselves. ②There is no doubt that we have the capability of supporting ourselves. desire n．渴望，欲望vt.渴望 •have a desire to do sth迫切想做某事 have a desire for sth急于得到某物 •desire to do sth渴望做某事 desire sb/sth to do sth渴望某人/某物做某事 desire that...(should) do sth渴望……做某事 注意：动词desire后的宾语从句和名词desire后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词为(should) do。 (1)People with disabilities have a strong desire to live (live) a normal life. (2)(应用文写作之求助信)My parents desire me to be (be) a lawyer while I want to play in a band.Can you give me some suggestions? (3)I desire that my sister (should) be admitted to her ideal university next year. 我希望我妹妹明年能被她理想中的大学录取。 (4)每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。 ①Everyone desires to achieve success while success only belongs to people who are hard-working.(desire v．) ②Everyone has a desire for success while success only belongs to people who are hard-working.(desire n．) in addition除此之外，另外 •in addition是副词词组，相当于besides，furthermore，what’s more，moreover。 •in addition to除……之外(还)，是介词词组，相当于besides或as well as。 用addition的相关短语填空 (1)(2021•全国乙，书面表达)In addition，try to write down the problems and consult the teacher in time. (2)In addition to the names on the application form，there are five other applicants who desire to join in the activities. (3)He gets a basic salary.In addition，he has a bonus of 300 yuan per month. →In addition to a basic salary，he has a bonus of 300 yuan per month. in terms of就……而言，依照，在……方面 in the long/short term 从长期/短期来看 be on good/bad terms with sb与某人关系好/不好 (1)In reality，what we have done is good for the environment in the long term. (2)Remaining on good terms with your employer after leaving your job has many long-term benefits. (3)It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality. 人们普遍认为应该通过综合素质来评价学生。 强调句型的特殊疑问句 教材原句　So what is it that inspires us to invent things？那么是什么激励着人们进行发明创造呢？(P36) 该句为强调句型的特殊疑问句式，被强调的部分是特殊疑问词what。 •强调句型的基本结构：It is＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分． •强调句型的一般疑问句式：Is it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？ •强调句型的特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋is it＋that/who＋其他部分？ •not...until结构的强调句式：It is not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分． (1)It was the chief engineer who encouraged him to obtain a certificate in engineering.(对画线词进行提问) →Who was it that encouraged him to obtain a certificate in engineering? (2)The culture made it hard for him to adjust to the new environment abroad.(强调主语) →It was the culture that made it hard for him to adjust to the new environment abroad. (3)It was because of the shortage of water that people suffered a lot.(变为一般疑问句) →Was it because of the shortage of water that people suffered a lot? (4)He didn’t take effective measures to improve his work until he was criticised by the manager. →Not until he was criticised by the manager did he take effective measures to improve his work.(倒装句) →It was not until he was criticised by the manager that he took effective measures to improve his work.(强调句) Ⅰ.一词多义 press A.n.出版社；印刷所　B.n.新闻界，媒体　C.v.按，压　D.v.敦促；逼迫 1．Just press the button to see your favourite character in action. C 2．Do the press have the right to invade her privacy in this way？ B 3．The dictionary was published by the Oxford University Press. A 4．They are pressing us to make a quick decision. D Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．The movie was shot entirely on location in Italy.拍摄 2．Classrooms are flexible learning spaces that support and adapt to student needs.灵活的 3．A compass is used to draw circles of specific diameters(直径)．圆规 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Their military capability(capable) has been reduced because their air force has proved not to b effective. 2．It is generous of you if you can give us some suggestions about looking for a desirable(desire) job. 3．It would have been virtually(virtual) impossible to research all the information. 4．Internet has changed all aspects of human life in an amazing speed and created a new age for us. 5．She has been working as a secretary in a foundation since graduating from university. 6．They decided to fund the device because of its high performance，low cost and good flexibility(flexible)． 7．One of her cousins was shot(shoot) dead only a few streets away from where she lived. 8．Unexpectedly，I was face-to-face with the gorilla，who began screaming at the top of her lungs. 9．I found my little dog lying(lie) on the ground，half asleep. 10．What made the matter worse was that they had a flat battery when shooting a rare sight. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．In addition， you also generously shared your learning experience with me. 2．They have found that，in terms of both salary and career success，the sky is the limit. 3．At present，there is no telescope in existence that is capable of detecting the presence of life in other planet. 4．We always desire to live in peace with the other countries in the world. 5．Under pressure from the public，many regional governments cleaned up their beaches. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——科技改变生活) 1．关于科技的作用，毫无疑问我们从中受益良多。(in terms of) In terms of the role of technology，there is no doubt that we benefit a lot from it. 2．是科技极大地改变了我们的生活。(强调句型) It is technology that has changed our life greatly. 3．我们取得了科技进步是因为我们想要更好的生活。(desire) We made advances in technology because we have a desire for a better life. 4．现在，仅仅是按一下按钮，我们就能够完成许多工作。(capable) Now we are capable of finishing a great deal of work just by pressing the button. 5．此外，医学领域的进步使人们比过去的寿命更长。(in addition) In addition，advances in medical field have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past. Ⅳ.阅读理解 Machine ethics is a new field of research that aims to develop moral machines.It’s all about creating machines that can make moral decisions based on computer technology.If artificial intelligence(AI) is to be used in the context of machine ethics，then similarly one can call it “Artificial Morality”(AM)． While AI’s goal is to model people’s cognitive abilities，AM is about equipping artificial systems with the ability for moral judgment and action. One field of application for moral machines is the care of the elderly.Systems to be used in this context face moral choices like “should the system monitor the user around the clock and what should be done with the data collected？” It is about the privacy of the user and the care of the relatives.A second example of the need for moral machines is autonomous driving.Of particular difficulty are the moral dilemmas that may be encountered，such as the need to decide whether to sacrifice a small number of lives to save a larger number if unavoidable. It could be argued，however，that it is not the care system or the autonomous car that makes a moral choice in these cases，but the programmers of those devices.But as the advances in artificial intelligence become greater，developers are less able to plan and predict what decisions a system will make in a specific situation.For example，AlphaGo Zero，which first knows only the basic rules of the game Go and then finds the optimal decision-making strategies by playing through a large number of games against itself.In no time，this system beat its predecessor AlphaGo，the first artificial system to defeat some of the world’s top human Go players. Therefore，it is necessary to develop machines that have a degree of autonomous moral decision-making though the ethical basis of artificial systems is still not clear.Research groups in academia and in the industry should start thinking about the relevance of ethics and safety in AI. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了机器伦理——一个旨在发展道德机器的新研究领域。 1．Which of the following is true about AM? A．It is a moral decision based on technology. B．It aims to imitate people’s cognitive abilities. C．It enables AI to make moral decisions. D．It gives advice to human on making decisions. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，AM(人工道德)让AI(人工智能)能够做出道德决定。故选C。 2．How does the writer illustrate the uses of AM? A．By analyzing cause and effect. B．By raising questions. C．By mentioning its advantages. D．By giving examples. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“One field of application for moral machines is the care of the elderly.”及“A second example of the need for moral machines is autonomous driving.”可推知，作者通过举例说明了AM的使用。故选D。 3．What does the writer say about the programmers behind moral machines? A．They are the one virtually in charge of the machines. B．They are incapable of predicting decisions of the system. C．They are the ones who advance artificial intelligence. D．They can find the best decision-making strategies. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，作者认为道德机器背后的程序员不能预测系统的决定。故选B。 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Can and Should Machines Act Morally? B．How and Why Machines Make Moral Decisions? C．What AM Is and How It Is Influencing Us? D．How AM Works and Where Its Future Lies? 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段内容及下文论述可知，文章主要介绍了机器伦理——一个旨在发展道德机器的新研究领域并介绍了道德机器的应用及其争议。由此可知，A项(机器可以而且应该按道德行事吗？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 Ⅴ.完形填空 What will the future be like? Good or bad? A lot of science fiction writing imagines a dark and 1 world.Planet of the Apes shows a miserable future for humankind. There’s a word to 2 the kind of future world which often appears in science fiction: dystopia(非理想化的地方)，a(n) 3 unpleasant or bad place.The 4 is utopia.But does tomorrow’s world have to be so disappointing? No.A new project wants to use the power of science fiction to 5 a better future.The 6 of Project Hieroglyph is to bring together writers，scientists，engineers and artists to create optimistic stories about a 7 society in the next 50 years. It’s 8 to create a dystopia than write a feel-good story.There’s more conflict in a world full of problems，and stories are interesting when there are a lot of problems to solve.No 9 ，no story! But the project produced a book with some 10 plots.One of them is about environmentalists who fight to 11 people from building the first hotel in the polar areas. But will these stories actually change anything or merely keep us entertained? A good science fiction story can be 12 .It is plain to see that stories can inspire hundreds，thousands，millions of people to 13 something that they want to do.The influence of science fiction has already been well 14 in modern research. Time will tell how far we can go.Let’s dream big and think 15 the box. 语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者并不认同当前很多科幻小说所描绘的未来，而是认为未来有无限可能，我们应该大胆梦想，打破常规。 1．A.elegant B．splendid C．dynamic D．frightening 答案　D 解析　elegant优雅的；splendid壮丽的；dynamic充满活力的；frightening骇人的，可怕的。根据后文“Planet of the Apes shows a miserable future for humankind.”及并列连词and前的dark可推断，科幻小说描述的是一个黑暗且可怕的世界。故选D。 2．A.improve B．describe C．comprise D．develop 答案　B 解析　improve提高；describe描述；comprise包含；develop发展。根据后文“dystopia(非理想化的地方)，a(n) unpleasant or bad place”可知，“反乌托邦”这个词是对于科幻小说中的世界的一种描述。故选B。 3．A.pictured B．argued C．realized D．recognized 答案　A 解析　pictured描绘的；argued争论的；realized已实现的；recognized公认的。根据前文“There’s a word to the kind of future world which often appears in science fiction”可知，这种不愉快的或糟糕的地方是科幻小说里面所描绘的。故选A。 4．A.original B．opposite C．alternative D．acceptable 答案　B 解析　original起初的，原作的；opposite相反的；alternative可替代的；acceptable可接受的。根据前文“dystopia(非理想化的地方)，a(n) unpleasant or bad place”可知，反乌托邦是一个不愉快的糟糕的地方；结合常识可知，乌托邦是一个过分美好而不可能实现的世界，两者是相反的。故选B。 5．A.extend B．unfold C．sustain D．occupy 答案　B 解析　extend扩展；unfold打开，呈现；sustain维持；occupy占据。根据后文“The of Project Hieroglyph is to bring together writers，scientists，engineers and artists to create optimistic stories about a society in the next 50 years.”可知，这个计划旨在向读者呈现一个更加积极美好的世界。故选B。 6．A.advantage B．result C．motive D．maintenance 答案　C 解析　advantage优势；result结果；motive动机，目的；maintenance维护。根据后文“to bring together writers，scientists，engineers and artists to create optimistic stories about a society in the next 50 years”可知，此处是在说明这个计划的目的。故选C。 7．A.harmonious B．permanent C．messy D．conventional 答案　A 解析　harmonious和谐的；permanent永久的；messy杂乱的；conventional常规的。根据前文“But does tomorrow’s world have to be so disappointing？”及“No.A new project wants to use the power of science fiction to a better future.”可知，Project Hieroglyph是要描绘一个更加美好的未来，所以要呈现的是一个和谐的社会。故选A。 8．A.funnier B．harder C．newer D．easier 答案　D 解析　根据前文“A lot of science fiction writing imagines a dark and world.”及“There’s a word to the kind of future world which often appears in science fiction: dystopia(非理想化的地方)，a(n) unpleasant or bad place.”可知，反乌托邦是很多科幻小说中都会创造的社会，可推断创作一个反乌托邦故事是相对更加简单的。故选D。 9．A.challenge B．mission C．welfare D．surprise 答案　A 解析　challenge挑战；mission任务；welfare福利；surprise惊喜。根据前文“There’s more conflict in a world full of problems，and stories are interesting when there are a lot of problems to solve.”可知，反乌托邦小说是以解决问题为故事线索，可推断在解决问题的过程中会制造各种挑战，从而形成有趣的故事情节。故选A。 10．A.disgusting B．promising C．demanding D．terrifying 答案　B 解析　disgusting令人反感的；promising有希望的；demanding苛刻的；terrifying骇人的。根据前文“A new project wants to use the power of science fiction to a better future.”及后文所列举的一个情节可知，这个计划旨在呈现一个更美好的未来，在环保问题上也有更加科学的内容安排，可推断这本书设计了很多有希望的情节。故选B。 11．A.risk B．delay C．prevent D．bother 答案　C 解析　risk冒险做；delay推迟；prevent阻止；bother打扰。根据前文“But the project produced a book with some plots.”可知，这本书的情节充满了希望，而在极地建酒店是有违自然规律的，环保主义者应是极力阻止这种行为，符合充满希望的情节。故选C。 12．A.abnormal B．artificial C．constant D．mighty 答案　D 解析　abnormal不正常的；artificial人工的；constant持续的；mighty强大的。根据后文“It is plain to see that stories can inspire hundreds，thousands，millions of people to something that they want to do.The influence of science fiction has already been well in modern research.”可知，好的科幻小说的影响和力量是强大的。故选D。 13．A.cast new light on B．set aside C．gather around D．beat down 答案　C 解析　cast new light on使人重新认识；set aside把……搁置；gather around围着，聚集在(某人或物周围)；beat down击倒。根据前文“A good science fiction story can be .”及“stories can inspire hundreds，thousands，millions of people”可知，好的故事有强大的影响力，可推断这样的故事可以让无数的人为他们想做的事情团结在一起，聚集在一起。故选C。 14．A.neglected B．denied C．exposed D．seen 答案　D 解析　neglect忽视；deny否认；expose暴露；see看见。根据前文“It is plain to see that stories can inspire hundreds，thousands，millions of people to something that they want to do.”中的plain可知，故事的力量和影响是很明显的，科幻小说也属于故事的一种，其影响力在现代研究中也是显而易见的。故选D。 15．A.inside B．beside C．outside D．beneath 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Time will tell how far we can go.”可知，未来无法预知；再结合上文Project Hieroglyph中所描绘的世界可知，我们不能以当前科幻小说所呈现的可怕且黑暗的未来作为我们思考的方向，而是应该跳出这个思维框架，从另一个角度去看待未来。think outside the box意为“打破常规，跳出思维定式”。故选C。 Ⅵ.语法填空 The Smart Dragon 3 1. (make) its first flight on December 9,2022.The rocket(火箭) took off at 2：35 pm from a ship in the Yellow Sea and sent 14 satellites during its flight.With its 2. (success) flight，the Smart Dragon 3 is now the 3. (large) and strongest in China’s solid-propellant(固体推进器) rocket.It is capable 4. sending many satellites. The model is the second Chinese rocket with the ability 5. (take) off both on land and at sea.China had 6. (previous) carried out two ship-based rocket launches using its Long March 11 solid-propellant rocket. A new type of launch service ship is under research and 7. (develop)．It will be able to carry many rockets and conduct several launches in a single flight. Now we have started designing the Smart Dragon 4,8. will be larger and more powerful.We are also studying the possibility of bringing liquid-propellant rockets to the sea for launch. 9． (compare) with traditional land-based launches，a sea task has a lower risk of causing trouble.The method also allows launches to be made near the equator(赤道)，and that increases the rocket’s carrying capacity，lowers launch costs 10. increases the life of satellites. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在黄海发射成功的捷龙三号固体运载火箭以及目前正在研发的捷龙四号火箭。 1．答案　made 解析　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“on December 9,2022”可知，此处应为一般过去时态，且与主语The Smart Dragon 3之间为主动关系。故填made。 2．答案　successful 解析　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，修饰名词flight。故填successful。 3．答案　largest 解析　考查形容词的最高级。分析句子结构可知，此处与空后的strongest并列，所以应使用形容词最高级。故填largest。 4．答案　of 解析　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语be capable of，意为“能够……”。故填of。 5．答案　to take 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词ability，且表主动意义。故填to take。 6．答案　previously 解析　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰谓语动词。故填previously。 7．答案　development 解析　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，and连接前后两个并列成分，research为名词形式，故空处应填名词，develop的名词为development且为不可数名词。故填development。 8．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词the Smart Dragon 4指物。故填which。 9．答案　Compared 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，compare与逻辑主语a sea task之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式，因位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Compared。 10．答案　and 解析　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处连接“increases the rocket’s carrying capacity”“lowers launch costs”以及“increases the life of satellites”三个并列结构。故填and。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$