Unit 2 Period 3 Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（外研版2019）

Period 3　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Government agencies must invest more funds(资金) in training and development programmes. 2．She told me that she seemed confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous. 3．Many cities still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags，which are easily recycled (再利用) but require more energy to produce and transport. 4．As far as I am concerned，it is everyone’s duty to make contributions to our society. 5．To be frank，it is not his achievements but his spirit of perseverance(坚持) that moves me most. 6．They set up a foundation(基金会) with the aim of relieving the water shortage problem in the local region. 7．Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned(挣得) one himself in a war as a soldier. 8．It has become one of the most famous American poems because of its natural style as well as its thoughtful insights(顿悟) into human nature. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．To my great relief，the medicine relieved me of my toothache.(relief) 2．Medical science has proved that blood donation is good for the donator both physically and mentally.(donate) 3．We are short of skilled workers and the shortage will no doubt lead to a yield decline.(shortage) 4．Effective measures were taken and gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries.(effective) 5．Never escape from reality and be realistic.If you really pull your weight，you will realize your dream one day.(reality) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．During the ceremony，the best man should help put crowns made of flowers on the heads of the bride and bridegroom. 在典礼时，男傧相要把用鲜花做成的花冠戴在新人头上。(过去分词作后置定语) 2．What annoyed me most was that some villagers didn’t realize the significance of education at all. 最让我恼火的是，有些村民根本没有意识到教育的重要性。(what引导主语从句) 3．I have a great number of friends，some of whom are always very understanding. 我有许多朋友，其中有些人总是很善解人意。(“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) 4．It is not what you have said but what you will do that makes a difference. 重要的不是你说了什么，而是你将要做什么。(not...but...) relief n．减轻，缓解；宽慰，轻松(relieve vt.减轻；解除；缓和relieved adj.感到宽慰的) •to one’s relief令某人欣慰的是 in relief如释重负 it’s a relief to do sth做某事是令人欣慰的 •relieve sb of...使某人摆脱……；减轻某人的…… (1)To her great relief(relieve)，the children pulled their weight and didn’t let her down. (2)(读后续写之情绪描写)With all the problems resolved，he went home in relief. (3)The government has taken many effective measures to relieve students of too many study burdens. (4)看到我妹妹已经适应了新环境，我感到很欣慰。 ①It was a relief to find my sister had adjusted to the new surroundings. ②To my relief，I found my sister had adjusted to the new surroundings. ③My sister had adjusted to the new surroundings，which made me relieved. shortage n．短缺，不足，缺乏(short adj.缺少的；短的；矮的) •a shortage of...缺乏…… •be short of缺少…… be short for是……的缩写/简称 in short总之，简言之 for short作为简称 UN (1) is short for the United Nations.So，we call it UN (2) for short.It plays an important part in making the world a better place.For example，many countries (3)are short of water.With the help of UN，people suffering from water(4)shortage are relieved.(5)In short，the world will be better and better with the contributions of UN. UN是联合国的简称，因此，我们简称联合国为UN。它对使我们的世界变得更好有着重要作用。比如，许多国家缺少水资源，在联合国的帮助下，遭受缺水之苦的人们得到了解脱。总之，有了联合国的贡献，世界将变得越来越好。 effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的(effect n．效果；影响；作用effectively adv.有效地) •take effective measures to do sth采取有效的措施做某事 •have an effect on/upon...对……有影响 come into effect＝take effect生效 in effect＝in fact/in reality实际上 (1)Much to our relief，the new rule has come into effect and thus improved the traffic safety. (2)In effect，many effective measures have been adopted to regulate the housing prices，which will undoubtedly relieve people’s anxiety effectively and have a positive effect on people’s life and well-being. 实际上，已经采取许多有效的措施来调控房价，这无疑将有效地缓解人们的焦虑，并对人们的生活和健康产生积极影响。 (3)It is high time that the government took/should take effective measures to resolve these problems. 该是政府采取有效措施来解决这些问题的时候了。 earn v．挣(钱)；赢得，博得[earnings n．(复数)薪水；工资；收入] earn money挣钱，赚钱 earn one’s/a living(＝make a living)谋生 earn sb sth(＝earn sth for sb)为某人赢得某物 earn a reputation赢得名声 (1)(应用文写作之告知信)Great changes have taken place in my hometown.Now people can earn a/their living by working in factories nearby and they can earn more money than before.It was the new policy that contributed to a rise in average earnings. 我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。如今人们可以靠在附近的工厂上班谋生，而且能比以前挣更多的钱。是新的政策导致平均收入上涨了。 (2)他的善良为他赢得了一个好名声。 ①His kindness earned him a good reputation. ②His kindness earned a good reputation for him. turn out证明是，结果是；生产；关掉 it turns out that...结果是……，证明是…… turn down 关小；拒绝 turn up 出现；露面；调大(音量) turn to 求助于；翻到(书的某页)；转向 turn on 打开 turn off关闭 turn in上交 turn over 移交；翻身；深思熟虑 用turn的相关短语填空 (1)My proposal got turned down，which deeply let me down. (2)Whenever you get into trouble，don’t hesitate to turn to me for help. (3)We were waiting for him anxiously in the sun，but he never turned up yet. (4)The weather forecast said that it would be rainy but it turned out to be fine. (5)Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems. (6)Anyone who is to apply for the job must turn in the relevant materials within five days. make a difference起作用；产生影响 make a (great)/no difference (to)对……没有影响 It makes no difference whether...是否……没有影响。(it作形式主语) tell the difference区分；辨别 (1)(应用文写作之倡议书)Act of kindness，however small，will make a difference to other people’s life.So don’t hesitate to show your kindness! (2)While some people think that space travel has made little difference to people’s life today. 然而一些人认为太空旅行对今天的人们的生活几乎没有影响。 (3)Whether the measures are effective or not makes no difference to me. →It makes no difference to me whether the measures are effective or not. (4)The twins are so similar to each other that you can hardly tell the difference between them. 这对双胞胎长得太像了，你几乎没法把他们区分开。 “介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句 教材原句　After several months，Ryan had raised the $2,000，with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. 几个月后，他筹到了2 000美元。有了这笔钱，乌干达的一所小学旁边建起了一口井。(P19) 句中with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择依据为： •根据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)； •根据与先行词搭配的具体意义； •根据句子的意思； •表示所属关系或整体中的一部分时，通常用介词of。 (1)(应用文写作之推荐信)You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms，of which paper-cutting is one of the most popular. (2)He has made an unforgivable mistake，for which he was violently criticized. (3)(应用文写作之人物介绍)Professor White is a knowledgeable scholar，from whom we have a lot to learn. 怀特教授是一位知识渊博的学者，从他身上我们可以学到很多。 (4)I am really grateful to Professor Wang，without whose help I couldn’t have made such progress. 我真的很感谢王教授，没有他的帮助我不可能取得这样的进步。 Ⅰ.一词多义 fund A.v.为……提供资金，资助　B.n.基金，专款　C.n.现款，资金 1．The money will be placed in a trust fund for her daughter. B 2.Moreover，they are doing everything they can to fund the research. A 3．But our funds were limited，and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory. C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．As a teacher，she earned the respect of her students.v.赢得，博得 2．What impresses me most is that he is a writer of great insight.n.洞察力 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Investors are growing impatient with promises of improving earnings(earn)． 2．It was the shortage(short) of funds that led to the company’s internal problems. 3．Though earning a little money，the old man regularly made a donation(donate) to the local school. 4．I am extremely grateful to you for everything that you did for me to improve my English. 5．I thought my understanding of grammar was pretty good，but I had much trouble listening(listen)． 6．She was looking for her glasses，without which she could see nothing clearly. 7．When seeing her birthday presents，the little girl broke into a smile. 8．The government was determined to break(break) the power of the trade unions. 9．Google has come up with many innovative products that have made a difference to our lives. 10．I tried to persuade her to wait(wait) but I was wasting my breath. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．She got her first science fiction published，which turned out to be a great success. 2．To our relief，everyone adjusted to the life here well and everything is under control. 3．Any little thing we do as individuals will make a difference to protecting the environment. 4．Based on this，the people’s rights to earn a living and develop witnessed a marked improvement. 5.Moreover，you have worked for our company for seven years and made great contributions to its development. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——志愿活动) 1．毫无疑问，志愿活动可以对我们自己和他人产生影响。(make a difference) There is no doubt that voluntary activities can make a difference to both ourselves and others. 2．看到我们中越来越多的人积极参与到志愿活动中，真令人欣慰。(relief) It is a relief to see more and more of us take an active part in the voluntary activities. 3．的确，志愿活动不会给我们带来金钱，但会增加我们的自信。(not...but) It is true that voluntary activities can’t earn money for us，but they boost our confidence. 4．我们能学到在生活中十分有用的新技能。(turn out) We can learn some new skills which turn out to be very useful in our life. 5．加入我们，参与这样的活动吧，你会从中受益良多。(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) Join us in such activities，from which you will benefit a lot. Ⅳ.阅读理解 UNICEF is an organisation that helps young people around the world.To celebrate its fantastic work，we are taking a look at why UNICEF was formed，how it has helped millions of children and find out about the work it does today. UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.It was formed in 1946 by the United Nations(UN) after the Second World War.UNICEF’s goal was to help all children，whatever country they were from.Maurice Pate was UNICEF’s first executive director and the organisation’s Leadership for Children Award is named after him.In 1953，UNICEF became a permanent(永久的) part of the UN. UNICEF’s mission is to make the world a better place for young people and help them realise their potential(潜能)．The organisation provides education，food，water，medicine and shelter to those in need.This can be in challenging situations where emergency help is needed.UNICEF also carries out longer-term development projects to improve certain regions. The organisation helps to provide care for babies and children in the UK.It offers training to people who work with parents and families，to ensure that all babies get the best possible start in life.Last year UNICEF provided support for about 600,000 babies.It also teaches schoolchildren about their rights.UNICEF also organises activities to raise money for projects around the world.In 2020，the UK contributed(捐赠) more than ￡382 million to UNICEF. UNICEF has had many successes over the past years but young people still face challenges.However，a UNICEF report said that whether the problem is war or a lack(短缺) of water，medicine or education，UNICEF is helping.Henrietta Fore，UNICEF’s executive director，writes that UNICEF is using its experience to build a better future.She says，“Young people are the most important partners of all.Their strength，creativity and courage give me hope.We can reimagine a better future for every child.” 1．What do we know about UNICEF? A．It was formed by Maurice Pate alone. B．It has been going for more than 75 years. C．It held the first Leadership for Children Award in 1953. D．It has been a permanent part of the UN since it was formed. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“UNICEF stands for United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.It was formed in 1946 by the United Nations(UN) after the Second World War.”可知，联合国儿童基金会成立已经超过75年了。故选B。 2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．UNICEF’s expectation for young people. B．UNICEF’s future goal in the UK. C．UNICEF’s role around the world. D．UNICEF’s work in the UK. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段主要介绍了联合国儿童基金会在英国的工作。故选D。 3．What can we infer from Henrietta Fore’s words? A．She is confident about young people. B．She is worried about the future of children. C．Young people are likely to focus less on team spirit. D．Young people care about global problems more than before. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Young people are the most important partners of all.Their strength，creativity and courage give me hope.We can reimagine a better future for every child.”可推断，亨丽埃塔·福尔对年轻人很有信心。故选A。 4．What is the purpose of this text? A．To give some suggestions. B．To show a research result. C．To make an introduction. D．To express a need. 答案　C 解析　写作意图题。根据第一段第一句“UNICEF is an organisation that helps young people around the world.”及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了联合国儿童基金会组织，所以推断文章的目的是做介绍。故选C。 Ⅴ.完形填空 (2023·湖北十堰高一期末) It was a lovely spring morning in the mountains of my hometown.The sun was out，and the 1 was warm.As I drove along the winding road，I could see thousands of wild flowers.When I turned，I slowed as I saw some volunteers 2 rubbish along the side of the road.I 3 as I saw them doing some “Spring Cleaning” for mother Earth and my mind 4 back in time to another spring day long ago. When my children were younger，we used to walk a graveled trail(碎石路) around the lake near our home.One spring day my daughter and I 5 just how much rubbish was lying along the trail.The next day then we 6 a big rubbish bag with us and started to slowly collect the rubbish along our way.There were some cans，plastic water bottles， 7 for candy bars and so on.We 8 and picked up each one and even 9 a few pieces of garbage out of the edge of the water.By the time we had 10 the lake the bag was nearly full. Tired but happy，we put the bag in an empty rubbish can.We stopped before we 11 home and took one last 12 at the lake as the sun set.It looked more 13 than ever and I felt like all around us were looking at it with us and 14 our smiles.I know that at times this world’s problems can seem overwhelming and you 15 what you can do to make a difference.But the truth is that everything you do makes a difference! 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者看到一些志愿者在路边捡垃圾，回忆起了几年前和女儿在湖边捡垃圾的场景，号召大家改变要从小事做起。 1．A.tree B．road C．grass D．air 答案　D 解析　根据上文“The sun was out”可知，太阳出来了，所以空气很暖和。故选D。 2．A.giving out B．picking up C．taking back D．turning to 答案　B 解析　give out发放；pick up拾起，捡起；take back收回；turn to转向。根据下文“I saw them doing some ‘Spring Cleaning’ for mother Earth”可知，一些志愿者在路边捡垃圾。故选B。 3．A.walked B．prevented C．smiled D．waved 答案　C 解析　walk走；prevent阻止；smile微笑；wave挥手。根据下文“I felt like all around us were looking at it with us and our smiles”可知，作者看到他们为地球母亲做清洁时笑了。故选C。 4．A.went B．explained C．changed D．gave 答案　A 解析　go去；explain解释；change改变；give给。根据下文描述的几年前作者和女儿在湖边捡垃圾的经历可知，作者的思绪回到了很久以前的另一个春天。go back to意为“回到”，符合句意。故选A。 5．A.regarded B．noticed C．reminded D．imagined 答案　B 解析　regard视为；notice注意到；remind提醒；imagine想象。根据下文“how much rubbish was lying along the trail”可知，这是作者和女儿所注意到的场景。故选B。 6．A.sent B．borrowed C．brought D．colored 答案　C 解析　send发送；borrow借；bring带来；color给……涂色。根据下文“a big rubbish bag with us and started to slowly collect the rubbish along our way”可知，作者和女儿带了一个大垃圾袋，开始收集沿途的垃圾。故选C。 7．A.packages B．notes C．signs D．posters 答案　A 解析　根据上文“some cans，plastic water bottles”可知，此处与cans，plastic water bottles并列，所以package“包装”符合句意。故选A。 8．A.stopped B．left C．rested D．waited 答案　A 解析　根据上文可知，作者发现小路上有一些罐子、塑料水瓶、棒棒糖包装等等。所以根据常识可知，作者会停下来拾起地面上的垃圾。故选A。 9．A.saved B．raised C．burned D．fished 答案　D 解析　save拯救；raise举起；burn燃烧；fish钓鱼，(从水中或容器中)把……打捞出，搜寻。根据下文“a few pieces of garbage out of the edge of the water”可知，此处指作者从水里捞出了垃圾。故选D。 10．A.reached B．designed C．circled D．filled 答案　C 解析　reach到达；design设计；circle转圈；fill填满。根据上文可知，作者和女儿在湖边的小路上捡垃圾。所以此处指作者绕湖一圈的时候，袋子里几乎装满了垃圾。故选C。 11．A.escaped B．headed C．quitted D．arrived 答案　B 解析　escape逃脱；head前往；quit放弃；arrive到达。根据下文“took one last at the lake as the sun set”可知，作者在回家之前停下来，在日落时最后看了一眼湖。head home意为“回家”。故选B。 12．A.duty B．step C．lesson D．look 答案　D 解析　根据下文“It looked more than ever”可知，此处指作者在回家之前停下来，在日落时最后看了一眼湖。take one last look at意为“看……最后一眼”。 故选D。 13．A.beautiful B．common C．crowded D．interesting 答案　A 解析　beautiful美丽的；common普通的；crowded拥挤的；interesting有趣的。根据下文“I felt like all around us were looking at it with us and our smiles”可知，经过作者和女儿的努力，湖看起来比以往任何时候都漂亮。故选A。 14．A.examining B．sharing C．observing D．hiding 答案　B 解析　examine检查；share分享；observe观察；hide躲藏。根据上文“I felt like all around us were looking at it with us”可知，大家看到湖边干净了，自然心情也愉悦，所以大家都会心地笑了，故“分享我们的微笑”符合句意。故选B。 15．A.decide B．beg C．wonder D．refuse 答案　C 解析　decide决定；beg乞求；wonder想知道；refuse拒绝。根据下文“But the truth is that everything you do makes a difference！”可知，上下文是转折关系，此处指你想知道你能做些什么来改变现状。 故选C。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Drinking water is good for your body.It has surprising health benefits such as making you happy and energetic.There are many 1. (reason) why water should be a must in your diet. If you are 2. (look) for a product that helps you recover and become younger，water is 3. good choice.It can help your skin recover faster 4. being injured.Hot water even helps your skin become smooth. Water is 5. keeps the food moving down through your body.If there’s not enough water in the body，it’ll be too difficult for the food 6. (pass) through the body.Warm water helps break down food faster and can 7. (effective) relieve your pain.According to a study，drinking two cups of water will increase the speed of digesting(消化) by about 30 percent.This includes warm water,8. increases your body temperature so the food can 9. (digest) faster. Hot water can also play a role in 10. (clean) your skin，so in a way it is a natural skin care product.Fewer harmful bacteria(细菌) in the skin mean a smaller risk of suffering skin diseases. 1．答案　reasons 解析　考查名词的复数形式。reason意为“原因”，为可数名词，且many后面需加可数名词复数形式。故填reasons。 2．答案　looking 解析　考查动词时态。主语you与look for是主动关系，根据句意，此处表示最近一段时间正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，已有助动词are，空处需填现在分词形式。故填looking。 3．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。choice为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且good发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 4．答案　after 解析　考查介词。此处表示“在受伤后”。故填after。 5．答案　what 解析　考查表语从句。空处引导表语从句，且作从句的主语，表示“什么”。故填what。 6．答案　to pass 解析　考查非谓语动词。It is＋adj.＋for...to do...为固定句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。故填to pass。 7．答案　effectively 解析　考查副词。修饰动词relieve需用副词作状语。故填effectively。 8．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词warm water，指物，且空处在定语从句中作主语。故填which。 9．答案　be digested 解析　考查被动语态。the food和digest为被动关系，需用被动语态，情态动词can后面需用动词原形。故填be digested。 10．答案　cleaning 解析　考查非谓语动词。介词in后面需加动名词作宾语。故填cleaning。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$