Unit 2 Period 4 Discovering Useful Structures-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（人教版2019）

Period 4　Discovering Useful Structures—The -ing form as the object complement and the adverbial 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 Mary Smith looked at the beautiful ripe plums(梅子)．They would make lovely jam.When she had finished the cooking，she filled all her empty jam jars，①leaving the rest of the jam in the pan.She would put it in the fridge when it was cooler.But just then the telephone rang.②Having learned that her mother was in hospital after a car accident，Mary picked up her bag and ran out of the house. Some days later，her husband，John，came home from a business trip.He had been travelling all day and felt like having a drink and a piece of cake.③Entering the kitchen，he saw a pan with a dark red mess inside it.He lifted it up and smelled it.It smelled bad.④Thinking Mary must have forgotten to clean this pan，he poured all the jam into the chicken yard and cleaned the pan.Then ⑤feeling comfortable，he began to eat a piece of cake. When Mary returned，she noticed the chickens ⑥behaving strangely.They were running round the yard as if they were sick.She saw the dark red mess on the ground and went closer.⑦Seeing a plum stone，she went into the kitchen.Her husband was at the table ⑧reading a newspaper.Angrily，Mary rushed up to him shouting, “You threw away my jam！” Her husband said，“I’m sorry but I thought it was porridge having gone bad in the hot weather.” [自主发现] 1．加黑部分在句子中作状语的是句①②③④⑤⑦⑧，现在分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，其中句②中的Having learned...作状语表示其动作先于主句动作picked up发生。 2．加黑部分在句子中作宾语补足语的是句⑥。 一、动词-ing形式作宾补 动词-ing形式置于某些及物动词和宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 When we returned to the school，we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时，我们发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 1．动词-ing形式在感官动词后作宾补。 在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，表示一个正在进行的主动的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. 我感觉到有人在拍我的肩膀。 In the crowded cafe，I heard a friendly voice saying，“You can share my table.” 在这间拥挤的咖啡馆，我听到一声友好的问候：“你可以和我坐在一桌。” 疑难点津　(1)当动词-ing形式与句子的宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，则用其被动式“being done”。 I saw her being questioned by the police. 我看到她正在被警察盘问。 (2)see，hear，feel，watch等动词之后用-ing形式和省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程。 We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher doing the experiment. 我们经过教室，看见老师正在做实验。(只在经过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验) We sat for an hour and watched the teacher do the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看着老师做实验。(一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验，指全过程) 2．动词-ing形式在使役动词后作宾补。 使役动词接动词-ing形式作宾补，表示“让……一直做某事”；常见的使役动词有have，keep，get，leave等。 It’s cold.We should have the fire burning all the time. 天气冷。我们本应该让火一直燃烧着。 I won’t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你一直在房间里跑来跑去。 疑难点津　如果作宾补的动词与宾语为被动关系，则用过去分词形式。 We should keep him informed of what is going on here. 我们应该让他随时了解这里发生了什么。 3．动词-ing形式在with复合结构中的用法。 在with复合结构中，动词-ing形式充当宾语补足语，表示动作“正在进行”且与宾语为主动关系。 She threw the tortoise into the river with tears filling her eyes. 她把那只乌龟扔进了河里，眼里满是泪水。 疑难点津　在with复合结构中，也可以使用不定式和过去分词作宾语补足语。 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.(表示“状态”) 整个下午他都锁着门工作。 I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.(表示事情还未做) 有这些衣服要洗，我不能出去了。 二、动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 1．时间状语 动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when，while，after等引出。 Hearing these stories(＝When I hear these stories)，I’m skeptical about the place. 听到这些叙述，我对这个地方产生了怀疑。 2．原因状语 可以与as，since，because等引导的原因状语从句转换。 Being so excited(＝As he was so excited)，he couldn’t go to sleep that night. 由于非常激动，那晚他无法入睡。 3．条件状语 可以与if，unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。 Working hard at your lessons(＝If you work hard at your lessons)，you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，你会成功的。 Not taking advantage of the time(＝If you don’t take advantage of the time)，you’ll regret. 如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。 4．让步状语 可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。 Knowing all this(＝Although/Though they knew all this)，they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 5．结果状语 表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。 His father died，leaving him a lot of money(＝and left him a lot of money/which left him a lot of money)． 他父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。 注意：不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用only to do结构，其被动形式为only to be done。 I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。 6．方式或伴随状语 不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。 The girls came into the classroom，singing and dancing(＝and they sang and danced)． 女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。 He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time(＝and stared at the sky for a long time)． 他躺在草地上，盯着天空看了很久。 疑难点津　(1)当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用动词-ing形式的完成式，若动词与句子主语为主动关系，则用having done；若动词与句子主语为被动关系，则用“having＋been＋done”形式。 Having finished the letter，he went to post it. 他写完信后就去邮寄了。(Having finished 是先发生的，went是后发生的) Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.(动词-ing形式的被动式) 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。 (2)动词-ed形式也可以作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等，与句子的主语构成动宾关系。 Generally speaking，if taken according to the directions，the drug has no side effect. 一般来说，如果按照说明书服用，这种药没有副作用。 (3)动词-ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。 The last bus having gone，we had to walk home. 末班车已经开走了，我们不得不走回家。(having gone的逻辑主语是The last bus，而不是we) 完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元的语法 在我们住在他们家之后，一个美好的传统开始了。每年，随着龙卷风周年纪念日的临近，我们的家人都会聚在一起吃饭。分享那个决定命运的日子的故事以及它是如何让我们走到一起的，我们感到更加幸运。我们庆祝我们社区的力量，我们感谢向我们展示的善意和怜悯。弗洛雷斯一家不仅仅是邻居，他们成了我们亲爱的朋友。学会了慷慨和无私的真谛，我们会永远珍惜我们在他们家度过的时光。 Following our stay in their home，a beautiful tradition began.Every year，with the anniversary of the tornado drawing near，our families will gather together for a meal.Sharing stories of that fateful day and how it brought us together，we feel much more fortunate.We celebrate the strength of our community，and we give thanks for the kindness and pity that was shown to us.The Flores family became more than just neighbors，they became our dear friends.Learning the true meaning of generosity and selflessness，we will always cherish the memories of our time spent in their home. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He was caught stealing(steal) and sent to the police station. 2．The weather being(be) fine，we went out for a walk. 3．With so many different forms of poetry to choose(choose) from，students may eventually want to write poems of their own. 4．When I came in，I saw Linda whispering(whisper) to the physician. 5．Tom slowly walked away，complaining(complain) about the cold weather. 6．Having been taught(teach) many times，the wrestler still looked puzzled. 7．After a knock at the door，the child heard his mother’s voice calling(call) him. 8．Walking(walk) in the street with his dog following(follow) him，he felt really free and pleased. 9．Having struggled(struggle) for years，he finally became the world champion. 10．Not understanding(understand) the local language and having no friend in the country，he found it impossible to find a job. Ⅱ.用动词-ing形式作状语改写下列句子 1．When they heard the knock on the door，they stopped talking. →Hearing the knock on the door，they stopped talking. 2．As he was ill，the little John didn’t go to school yesterday. →Being ill，the little John didn’t go to school yesterday. 3．They stood there and waited for the bus，talking to each other. →They stood there waiting for the bus，talking to each other. 4．Her husband died last year；as a result，he left her with three children. →Her husband died last year，leaving her with three children. 5．As spring comes on，everything comes back to life and the trees turn green. →Spring coming on，everything comes back to life and the trees turn green. Ⅲ.阅读理解 I am a freshman at Orange High School.In 2013，I founded an organization called Love For The Elderly.So many elderly people have no one to care for them，and no one to love them.When I say this，I am talking about pure love，unconditional love that shows kindness no matter what the situations may be. The elderly have smoothed the pathway of success for our generation.They should be shown appreciation(感激) and kindness，but are often forgotten.I am sure all of you have someone in your hearts who has been at a nursing home.Think of them while I say this；they should get the best，nothing but the best.The elderly are such an unusual group of people，and their shining wisdom can most certainly be learned from.This idea of showing appreciation to the elderly reverberated(回响) inside my head，until finally，I decided it was time to step up and make a difference. My love for and ability in writing led me to create an organization，where people from all across the world sent nameless letters filled with kindness and joy，from Iceland，Romania，Finland，Australia，and more.I then sent these letters to senior centers，and nursing homes located all across the country.To this date，I have collected over 1,000 letters，and the reaction I have received from these organizations has been truly unbelievable. This past month，I had the opportunity to receive $100 from KindSpring through their monthly kindness competition to help my organization.This money has been of great help.We do not receive much money，and so it helped to pay for many costs，including postage and envelopes.This act of kindness has been very helpful to my organization，and I could not be more appreciative.If any of you would like to get involved in my organization，please visit lovefortheelderly.org. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了自己创建的关爱老年人的组织，并呼吁人们参与其中。 1．Why did the author set up his organization? A．To help the elderly with their daily life. B．To organize activities for the elderly. C．To offer true love to the elderly. D．To raise money for the elderly. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“So many elderly people have no one to care for them...that shows kindness no matter what the situations may be.”可知，作者建立这个组织是为了向老年人提供真正的爱。故选C。 2．Which of the following agrees with the author’s opinion about the elderly? A．They are being treated well. B．They should end up in senior centers. C．They are wiser than the young. D．They don’t get enough attention. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“The elderly have smoothed the pathway of success...but are often forgotten.”可知，作者认为老年人应该得到感激和关爱，但却常常被遗忘，由此可推断，老年人没有得到足够的关注。故选D。 3．What helped the author create his organization? A．The letters received worldwide. B．His writing ability. C．His family’s encouragement. D．The support from senior centers. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“My love for and ability in writing led me to create an organization”可知，作者的写作能力帮助他创建了他的组织。故选B。 4．What can be learned from the last paragraph? A．The author doesn’t have much money. B．The elderly were very thankful to the author. C．The author turned to KindSpring for help. D．The organization can’t be larger. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This past month，I had...and so it helped to pay for many costs，including postage and envelopes.”可推断，作者没有太多的钱。故选A。 Ⅳ.完形填空 (2023·湖北孝感高一期中) Can you remember the first time you received a generous act? I can’t，but I clearly remember the first time I understood the meaning of generosity. I was in Grade Four.Fred was a boy in my class who lived in difficult conditions.His parents couldn’t 1 to buy him all the stationery (文具) that he needed，and one of the basic items he 2 was colored pencils.So every time we needed to use colored pencils，Fred would 3 some of mine. Knowing this，my mother said it must have been hard for him to always 4 others.Instead of driving home，she drove 5 to the closest stationery shop and had me 6 some for Fred. The next day I was sent to school with these things and was told to give them to Fred in 7 ； I shouldn’t cause Fred to feel 8 ，but should just give them to him and tell him to keep them.Receiving these，Fred looked 9 at first，then happy and proud.He had his own stationery! To me，it’s okay to let Fred use my pencils. 10 ，my mom realized what a difference it would make for Fred to have his own.Generosity 11 an opportunity to do something within your ability.Besides，it’s never limited to 12 things.Thinking creatively and sharing wisdom to help others find 13 are also acts of generosity.Give someone your time and 14 by listening mindfully.More importantly，it isn’t doing something to be seen; it is giving with no 15 of anything in return. 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的同学Fred家境贫困，买不起彩色铅笔，作者的妈妈主动买了一些，让作者送给Fred，这让Fred非常开心和自豪。作者从中认识到，要在力所能及的情况下对别人慷慨相助。 1．A.afford B．expect C．refuse D．decide 答案　A 解析　afford买得起；expect预计；refuse拒绝；decide决定。根据上文“lived in difficult conditions”可知，Fred家境贫困，他的父母买不起他需要的所有文具。故选A。 2．A.valued B．lost C．mentioned D．lacked 答案　D 解析　value重视；lose失去；mention提到；lack缺少。根据第四段的“I was sent to school with these things and was told to give them to Fred”可知，Fred原先没有这些彩色铅笔。故选D。 3．A.show B．collect C．borrow D．exchange 答案　C 解析　show显示；collect收集；borrow借；exchange交换。根据上文“and one of the basic items he was colored pencils”可知，他没有彩色铅笔，所以每次都会借作者的。故选C。 4．A.care about B．rely on C．cheer for D．call on 答案　B 解析　care about关心；rely on依赖；cheer for为……欢呼；call on呼吁。根据上文“every time we needed to use colored pencils，Fred would some of mine”可知，这里是说Fred每次都依赖作者的帮助。故选B。 5．A.directly B．carefully C．exactly D．skillfully 答案　A 解析　directly直接地；carefully小心地；exactly精确地；skillfully巧妙地。根据前文“Instead of driving home”可知，母亲没有回家，而是直接开车去了文具店。故选A。 6．A.remember B．select C．design D．advise 答案　B 解析　remember记住；select挑选；design设计；advise建议。根据下文“I was sent to school with these things”可知，这里是说母亲让作者挑选一些彩色铅笔给Fred。故选B。 7．A.time B．person C．return D．secret 答案　D 解析　in time及时；in person亲自；in return作为回报；in secret秘密地。根据下文“I shouldn’t cause Fred to feel ”可知，为了照顾Fred的情绪，要悄悄地给他。故选D。 8．A.embarrassed B．bored C．disappointed D．surprised 答案　A 解析　embarrassed尴尬的；bored无聊的；disappointed失望的；surprised惊讶的。根据上文“give them to Fred in ”可知，母亲让作者悄悄给文具是为了不让Fred尴尬。故选A。 9．A.active B．uncertain C．joyful D．excited 答案　B 解析　active积极的；uncertain不确定的；joyful高兴的；excited兴奋的。根据空后的“at first，then happy and proud”可知，他起初不确定文具是送给他的，后面知道了是送给他的，他才开心起来。故选B。 10．A.Moreover B．Otherwise C．However D．Therefore 答案　C 解析　moreover此外；otherwise否则；however然而；therefore因此。上文“To me，it’s okay to let Fred use my pencils.”讲作者觉得借给Fred文具没关系，下文讲作者母亲知道拥有属于自己的文具对Fred的意义，前后构成转折。故选C。 11．A.announces B．loses C．complains D．offers 答案　D 解析　announce宣布；lose失去；complain抱怨；offer提供。根据空后的“an opportunity”可知，这里是说提供机会。故选D。 12．A.grateful B．positive C．material D．mental 答案　C 解析　grateful感激的；positive积极的；material物质的；mental心理上的。根据下文“Thinking creatively and sharing wisdom”可知，可以在物质上慷慨，也可以在思想上慷慨，慷慨不局限于物质上的东西。故选C。 13．A.solutions B．advice C．benefits D．evidence 答案　A 解析　solution解决方案；advice建议；benefit好处；evidence证据。根据空前的“Thinking creatively and sharing wisdom to help others find”可知，这里是说帮助别人找到解决方法。故选A。 14．A.politeness B．attention C．money D．curiosity 答案　B 解析　politeness礼貌；attention注意力；money金钱；curiosity好奇心。根据空后的“by listening mindfully”可知，这里是说给别人你的时间和注意力也是慷慨。故选B。 15．A.chance B．prize C．satisfaction D．expectation 答案　D 解析　chance机会；prize奖品；satisfaction满意；expectation期待。根据空后的“anything in return”可知，这里是说不期待任何回报。故选D。 Ⅴ.语法填空 Many Americans put away their white clothes on Labor Day and they do not wear them again 1. the following May comes. One reason 2. the clothing custom relates to the season.In the United States，the months between June and September are summer.The weather is usually hot in northeastern cities.Many people there historically wore light-colored clothing in the summertime 3.______________(keep) cool. Judith Martin is an expert on manners,4. spoke to Time magazine about 5._____________ history of wearing white in summer.She said Americans in the 1100s and early 1900s wore formal clothes all year long.Wearing white clothes in the summertime may make people more 6. (comfort)． Then，in about the 1930s，wearing white clothes in the summertime became fashionable.That is because some wealthy Americans went on vacation for weeks or months in the summer.The white clothes then became connected with ease,7. (beautiful) and money.But at the end of summer，they put those white clothes away and 8. (return) to their lives in the city,9. (wear) darker and heavier clothes.10. (eventual)，not wearing white clothes after Labor Day became a bit of a fashion rule. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了美国人的服装习俗，许多美国人在劳动节把他们的白色衣服收起来，直到第二年的五月来临才再穿它们。 1．答案　until 解析　考查连词。根据句中并列谓语do not wear为否定式可知，因此该空应用until引导时间状语从句，构成not...until“直到……才”。故填until。 2．答案　for 解析　考查介词。此处为固定用法：“the reason for＋动名词/代词”意为“……的原因”。故填for。 3．答案　to keep 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，该句已有谓语动词wore且无连词，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to keep。 4．答案　who 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，该空为非限制性定语从句的引导词，在句中作主语，指代人，先行词为 expert“专家”，故填who。 5．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。分析句意可知，此处特指夏季穿白色衣服的历史，应用定冠词。故填the。 6．答案　comfortable 解析　考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处为make＋宾语＋宾补“使某人/某物怎么样”的用法，该空应用形容词作宾补。故填comfortable。 7．答案　beauty 解析　考查名词。分析句子可知，该空与ease“舒适”和money“金钱”为并列关系，该空应用名词beauty表示“美丽”。故填beauty。 8．答案　returned 解析　考查动词的时态。由上文“The white clothes then became connected with ease”和句意可知，该空应用一般过去时态。故填returned。 9．答案　wearing 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中已有并列谓语put和returned，因此该空为非谓语动词；由于该空与主语they之间为主动关系，该空应用现在分词。故填wearing。 10．答案　Eventually 解析　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰句子，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Eventually。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$