Unit 8 Period 3 Topic Talk & Lesson 1—Language Points-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（北师大版2019）

Period 3　Topic Talk & Lesson 1—Language Points Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．He reminded me to remember to pull out the charger when the battery(电池) is full. 2．In spite of the difficulties，the youth have driven across several deserts(沙漠) without guidance. 3．The car is a convenient means of transport，but it is also one reason for global warming. 4．Life is like an ocean; only a strong-willed sailor can proceed and reach the other shore. 5．The fact that we like and respect each other is a good foundation(基础) for cooperation. 6．To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 7．When running after his brother，the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall. 8．It is important to pay your electricity(电) bill on time，as late payments may affect your credit. 9．They had planned to cross the mountain road within five days，but their car had a flat tyre on the halfway. 10．An institute(研究所) is an organization set up to do a particular type of work，especially research or teaching. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．They couldn’t be bothered(bother) to play with such a little child like me at the time. 2．It’s a pity that the industrial(industry) cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. 3．It’s our duty to protect these animals from extinction(extinct)． 4．It is reported that the workers are beginning to lay the foundation(found) of the new school. 5．We firmly(firm) support the plan to protect the environment，for the earth is our home. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．人们主张，每个人都应该与野生动物和谐相处。 It is advocated that every individual should live in harmony with wildlife. 2．它不仅让我们接近大自然，使我们神清气爽，而且也促进了我们之间的友谊。 Not only did it get us close to nature and make us refreshed，but it also promoted the friendship among us. 3．她的儿子懒得自己洗袜子，这让母亲很恼火。 It annoyed the mother that her son couldn’t be bothered to wash his own socks. 4．是我们采取措施防止森林被砍伐的时候了。 It is high time that we should take action to prevent forests from being cut down. 5．每年六月，来自世界各地的乐队都会来到这个小镇上庆祝这个节日。 Every June，bands from all around the world come to the small town to celebrate the festival. balance n．平衡(balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的) •keep a balance between A and B 在A和B之间保持平衡 keep/lose one’s balance某人保持/失去平衡 a sense of balance平衡感 out of balance失去平衡 •a balanced diet均衡的饮食 (1)No matter how busy you are，do try to lead a balanced (balance) life to keep healthy. (2)It is necessary that we should do our part to keep the balance of nature. 我们有必要尽自己的职责去保持大自然的平衡。 (3)As a young conductor，it is not easy to balance his career and his family. 作为一名年轻的指挥，平衡事业和家庭是不容易的。 (4)Suddenly，the female performer lost her balance and fell off the narrow stage. 突然，女表演者失去了平衡，从狭窄的舞台上掉了下来。 shoot n．芽，苗；嫩枝 vt.射击；射中；拍摄[shooting n．射击；枪杀；(电影)拍摄] •take a shoot at朝……射击 •shoot at朝……射击；向……开枪 (1)这位士兵毫不犹豫地向靶子射击，但又没有射中。 ①The soldier didn’t hesitate to shoot at the target，but missed it again.(shoot v．) ②The soldier didn’t hesitate to take a shoot at the target，but missed it again.(shoot n．) (2)The short movie which was shot in that area was very popular with the old people.(用非谓语动词改写) →The short movie shot in that area was very popular with the old people. bother vi.& vt.费心，麻烦 n．麻烦(bothered adj.担心的；烦恼的) •bother to do/doing sth费心做某事 bother sb with/about sth为某事打扰或麻烦某人 It bothers sb that.../to do sth使某人苦恼的是…… can’t be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事 •have bother (in) doing sth 做某事费力 (1)Don’t bother to look/looking(look) for my umbrella，and it will turn up some day. (2)Currently，he’s busy with the contest，so you’d better not bother him with/about so many questions. (3)(读后续写之烦恼心理描写)He felt bothered(bother) all day，unable to put his mind into his lessons. (4)The fact is that they can’t be bothered to do minor things that won’t give them results. 事实是，他们懒得去做不会给他们带来结果的小事情。 take action采取行动 take steps/measures采取措施 take notice of注意；理会 take a chance碰运气 take effect生效；起作用 take advantage of利用 用take短语的正确形式完成下面的语段 As a responsible citizen，he has taken notice of the fact that most people have begun a green life.So he decides to take action/steps/measures.For example，he will take advantage of the Internet to call on more people to protect the environment.When the new rule takes effect，he will inform the fans as soon as possible. foundation n．基础；地基；创建，创办(found vt.创立；建立founder n．创办人，创始者) •lay the foundation for...为……打下基础 without foundation无事实根据 •found sth on/upon sth把……建立在……上 (1)Currently，the shop is being run by the founder(found) and his two sons. (2)The school has served the community since its foundation(found) in 2022. (3)Four years of university study and life lay the foundation for future business and seizing the years is to grasp future. 四年的大学学习和生活为未来的事业奠定了基础，抓住这四年就是把握住了未来。 (4)We shouldn’t believe those statements without foundation but should do some research in person. 我们不应该相信那些没有根据的说法，而是应该亲自做一些调查。 involve vt.参与；包含(involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的；有关的) •involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事；使某人牵扯到某事中 involve doing sth包含做某事；需要做某事 •get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于 (1)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved spending(spend) quite a lot of time with students. (2)(应用文写作之倡议书)To protect our environment，we should get involved(involve) in recycling the used materials. (3)The old man is trying to stop the youth who are involved in the fighting now.(用非谓语动词改写) →The old man is trying to stop the youth involved in the fighting now. as if/though引导方式状语从句 教材原句　We are using resources as if we had two planets，not one. 我们使用着这些资源，好像我们有两个地球，而不是一个。(P29) as if/though意为“似乎，好像”，引导方式状语从句。若从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。 •当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)； •当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)； •当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。 注意：若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟语气。as if/though也可以用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句。 (1)Little Jack is taking charge of the group as if he were an adult. 小杰克负责这个团队，好像他是个大人。 (2)The male guide talked about London as if he had really been there. 这个男导游谈论着伦敦，好像他真的去过一样。 (3)Look at the black clouds.It looks as if it is going to rain. 看这些乌云。看起来好像要下雨了。 (4)(读后续写之失望心理描写)Hearing the news，he stood there，as if the world were at an end! He got into a situation where he was in deep sorrow. 听到这个消息，他站在那里，好像世界到了末日！他陷入一种极度悲伤的境地。 “leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构 教材原句　Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up. 比方说你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。(P31) “leave the tap running”和“leave a light on”都属于“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，表示“使……处于某种状态”。宾补可以是形容词、现在分词、过去分词或者介词短语等。 (1)The young father was busy playing computer games，leaving his little son crying(cry) there. (2)He was so tense that he left his house hurriedly，leaving his breakfast untouched(untouch)． (3)Hearing the news，he rushed out of the flat，leaving the door open. 听到这个消息，他冲出了公寓，门也没关。 Ⅰ.一词多义 shoot A．v.拍摄　B．n.嫩芽　C．v.射击 1．With his attention focused，he shot the arrow from the bow. C 2．What interested us was that the movie was shot in black and white. A 3．Though in the desert，you can see some shoots in spring. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 I need to go to the bank to check the balance in my account.余额 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．If you’re eager to be a nice neighbor，you must learn to live in harmony with others. 2．Hearing the baby crying，the woman walked into the bedroom and picked it up. 3．The volunteers did their part to make the community a better place to live(live) in. 4．It was in that messy room that they set up an organization to help the disabled. 5．I hear that the old man is trying to save the old drama from extinction(extinct) currently. 6．His son is taking charge of the factory that is dealing with industrial(industry) waste. 7．He was walking in the forest when he spotted the dead fox shot(shoot) by some hunters. 8．The children were curious about the lovely toys made of recycled(recycle) materials. 9．The young man is crazy about classical music and he is trying to make it truly global(globe)． 10．While you are learning how to ride a bike，keep your eyes firmly(firm) fixed on the road ahead. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．His wish is to help the poor children all around the world get good education. 2．Young as she is，she has set up many centers to help those who are disabled. 3．The government had taken action before the disease began to spread in this area. 4．The fact is that we must learn to live in harmony with nature to survive. 5．You can take regular exercise to keep healthy，in addition to a balanced diet. Ⅲ.单句写作(话题写作——保护环境) 1．我们政府的目标是构建和谐社会。(不定式作表语；set up) The purpose of our government is to set up a harmonious society. 2．作为高中生，我们应尽自己所能去建立和谐的人际关系。(do one’s part for) As high school students，we should do our part for a harmonious relationship. 3．而且，我们应该采取行动保护环境，和大自然和平共处。(take action；in peace with) What’s more，we should take action to protect the environment and live in peace with nature. 4．我们应该尽量使用再循环材料制成的物品来节省能源。(recycle) We should try to use the objects made of recycled materials to save energy. 5．让我们共同参与这些活动，为和谐社会做出贡献。(involve) Let’s involve in these activities to contribute to a harmonious society. Ⅳ.阅读理解 In a dark room，it may seem there will be little to detect in the darkness.However，a bird in the room will be able to pick up on the magnetic field(磁场) of the earth and will know which direction to fly if it is time to migrate(迁徙)．A snake will detect the presence of humans in the room by sensing their radiation.Each of these creatures could all be sharing exactly the same physical space and have a totally different experience of that space. Each animal has access to its own sensory environment—called an “umwelt”．“Umwelt” was popularized by a German biologist named Jakob von Uexküll.The word comes from the German for “environment”，but Jakob von Uexküll wasn’t using it to mean the physical environment.He meant the sensory environment，the unique set of smells，sights，sounds and textures that each animal has access to. Humans can’t sense the faint electric fields that sharks and ducks can，or the magnetic fields that robins and sea turtles detect.Our ears can’t hear the call of rodents and hummingbirds，and our eyes can’t see the light that birds and bees can sense.Our noses can’t detect various odors(气味) that dogs would be able to smell. So imagining the world as animals perceive it opens up a new appreciation for the everyday wonders of nature.If we think of nature as something remote and distant，accessible only to someone who can go to a national park，we lose the motivation to save and protect it. Instead，we can go on an adventure just by thinking about the sensory world of the bird that sits on the house opposite us.Then nature would feel like something close.In that case，people will be more motivated to try and protect it.Protecting nature isn’t just about saving whales or pandas，but about protecting things that are close to us. 语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。作者号召我们应想象动物所感知的世界，从而更有利于我们去保护它们。 1．What does the author intend to show by using the example of a dark room? A．Automatic adjustments to the darkness. B．Important functions of sense organs. C．Natural strengths of animals and humans. D．Diverse perceptions of the same environment. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“Each of these creatures could all be sharing exactly the same physical space and have a totally different experience of that space.”可知，作者举黑暗房间的例子旨在说明动物对同一环境的不同感知。故选D。 2．What does the underlined word “umwelt” in paragraph 2 mean? A．The natural world. B．The biological science. C．The surroundings that animals detect. D．The environment that animals live in. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。由画线词所在句以及“...but Jakob von Uexküll wasn’t using it to mean the physical environment.He meant the sensory environment，the unique set of smells，sights，sounds and textures that each animal has access to.”可知，umwelt应指“动物探测到的周围环境”。故选C。 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Limitations of human senses. B．Wonders of living creatures. C．The lack of animal knowledge. D．The comparison of organs. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。由第三段可知，人类无法感知鲨鱼和鸭子所能感知的微弱电场，也无法感知知更鸟和海龟所能探测到的磁场。我们的耳朵听不到啮齿动物和蜂鸟的叫声，我们的眼睛也看不到鸟类和蜜蜂能感觉到的光线。我们的鼻子探测不到狗能闻到的各种气味。因此这段主要讲人类感官的局限性。故选A。 4．What does the author suggest doing? A．Presenting the national parks. B．Caring about the creatures around us. C．Rescuing endangered species. D．Appreciating what we possess. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由最后一段尤其最后一句可知，作者认为保护自然不仅仅是拯救鲸鱼或熊猫，而是保护我们身边的东西。即作者建议我们应关心我们周围的生物。故选B。 Ⅴ.完形填空 William Dunn is the founder of Take a Kid Fishing，which teaches fatherless kids through fishing.Ten years ago，William noticed his six-year-old neighbour，Camran，seemed 1 .He’d storm out of the house，shouting at his 2 .One day，William saw the boy outside and started a conversation.Camran 3 that his dad wasn’t in his life. William asked Camran’s mother for 4 to take him fishing.Camran was interested from that first trip.The two fished together several times a week，and William saw 5 changes in Camran’s behaviour.Soon William 6 more kids in the neighbourhood in his activity. William and other volunteers 7 take 20 to 25 kids out fishing on a boat on weekends.Besides the neighbourhood，William 8 local orphanage to invite the kids to spend the day on the water.Many have never been fishing or even on a boat，so William starts by teaching the 9 .Then come the life lessons that fishing 10 ：patience，teamwork and the simple joy of 11 in the outdoors. So far，this organization has taken more than 600 fishing 12 with almost 2,000 fatherless kids.Many kids choose to catch and 13 ，but on a recent trip，they kept the fish and enjoyed their delicious fishmeal that night. Fishing did have a huge impact on children. 14 ，if you know a child who you get on well with，introduce them to fishing.The activity doesn’t matter as much as your 15 in their lives. 语篇解读　本文是记叙文。文章讲述了威廉通过建立一个非营利组织来帮助没有父亲的孩子感受父爱的故事。 1．A.glad B．angry C．sad D．fearful 答案　B 解析　根据下文“He’d storm out of the house，shouting at”可知，卡姆兰很生气。故选B。 2．A.mother B．sister C．father D．brother 答案　A 解析　根据下文“Camran that his dad wasn’t in his life”和“William asked Camran’s mother”可知，卡姆兰没有父亲，对着自己的母亲喊叫。故选A。 3．A.remembered B．discussed C．reported D．shared 答案　D 解析　根据上文“William saw the boy outside and started a conversation”可知，威廉与卡姆兰交谈，卡姆兰和他分享说自己没有父亲。故选D。 4．A.advice B．permission C．support D．time 答案　B 解析　根据下文“take him fishing”并结合常识可知，带六岁的卡姆兰去钓鱼理应获得他母亲的允许。故选B。 5．A.different B．common C．positive D．right 答案　C 解析　根据下文“Soon William more kids in the neighbourhood in his activity.”可知，威廉带更多的孩子去钓鱼，说明这项活动对卡姆兰的行为产生了影响，他的行为有了积极的改变。故选C。 6．A.tricked B．persuaded C．involved D．forced 答案　C 解析　根据下文“take 20 to 25 kids out fishing”可知，威廉让更多的孩子参与到这项活动中来。involve sb in sth“让某人参与某事”。故选C。 7．A.regularly B．actively C．gradually D．carefully 答案　A 解析　根据上文“The two fished together several times a week”及下文“on weekends”可知，威廉和志愿者经常带孩子们去钓鱼。故选A。 8．A.looks down on B．lives up to C．gets down to D．reaches out to 答案　D 解析　look down on瞧不起；live up to不辜负；get down to开始做某事；reach out to联系。根据下文“to invite the kids to spend the day on the water”可知，威廉联系当地孤儿院邀请那里的孩子一起去钓鱼。故选D。 9．A.measures B．basics C．hobbies D．problems 答案　B 解析　根据上文“Many have never been fishing or even on a boat”可知，许多孩子们没有钓过鱼，因此威廉从基础知识开始教他们。故选B。 10．A.sends B．improves C．advocates D．offers 答案　D 解析　根据上文“Then come the life lessons”和下文“patience，teamwork”可知，这里说的是钓鱼提供的人生教训。故选D。 11．A.studying B．working C．relaxing D．creating 答案　C 解析　根据上文“patience，teamwork”可知，此处讲述钓鱼带来的教训，结合常识钓鱼可以让人放松。故选C。 12．A.barbecues B．trips C．meals D．parties 答案　B 解析　根据下文“on a recent trip”可知，此处说的是钓鱼之旅。故选B。 13．A.release B．research C．raise D．kill 答案　A 解析　release释放；research研究；raise饲养；kill杀死。根据下文“but on a recent trip，they kept the fish and enjoyed their delicious fishmeal that night”可知，上下文是转折关系，因此推断许多孩子以前是释放掉捉到的鱼。故选A。 14．A.Instead B．However C．Therefore D．Rather 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Fishing did have a huge impact on children.”可知，前后文是因果关系，钓鱼对孩子们有积极影响，因此带孩子们去钓鱼。故选C。 15．A.inspiration B．challenge C．action D．presence 答案　D 解析　inspiration灵感，鼓舞；challenge挑战；action行动；presence存在。根据上文可知，威廉带没有父亲的孩子去钓鱼，尽管钓鱼活动对他们的行为有了积极的影响，主要还是威廉的存在和陪伴更重要。因此活动本身不如你的存在重要。故选D。 Ⅵ.语法填空 If the world wants to control global warming，water shortage and pollution，we all need to welcome “flexitarian” diets.This means 1. (eat) mainly plant-based foods，and is a key step toward 2. environment-friendly future for all in 2050，they say. The authors say that present food industry has a number of 3. (environment) effects including being a great driver of climate change，using up freshwater and 4. (cause) pollution through heavy use of chemical fertilizer.The study finds that no single solution will avoid the dangers，so a combined approach 5. (need)．So when it comes to climate change，the authors looked at 6. they called a “flexitarian” diet. “We can eat a range of healthy diets but what they all have in common，according to the 7. (late) scientific evidence，is that they are all 8. (relative) plant-based，” said Dr Marco from the University of Oxford.We call it a flexitarian diet over to a vegetarian diet. If the world moved 9. this type of diet，the study finds that greenhouse gas emissions(排放物) from farming would be reduced by more than half.10. (accept) by the experts，this type of diet is bound to be adopted by more and more people. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种有利于解决全球变暖、水资源短缺和污染问题的饮食——“弹性素食”。 1．答案　eating 解析　考查非谓语动词。mean doing sth“意味着做某事”，动词-ing形式作宾语，故填eating。 2．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词限定，因environment-friendly以元音音素开头，故填an。 3．答案　environmental 解析　考查词性转换。此处修饰名词effects，需要用形容词作定语。故填environmental。 4．答案　causing 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处和上文being a great driver of climate change以及using up freshwater是并列关系，都是动词-ing短语作including的宾语。故填causing。 5．答案　is needed 解析　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处为谓语，动词need和主语a combined approach之间是动宾关系， 应用被动语态， 根据句意以及上文的finds可知， 此处为一般现在时，故填is needed。 6．答案　what 解析　考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，动词call接复合宾语，连接代词what在从句中作宾语，意为“……的东西”。故填what。 7．答案　latest 解析　考查形容词最高级。根据句意以及空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用形容词late的最高级latest修饰后面的名词短语scientific evidence。故填latest。 8．答案　relatively 解析　考查词性转换。空处修饰合成形容词plant-based应用副词形式。故填relatively。 9．答案　to 解析　考查介词。move to “倾向于”是固定搭配。故填to。 10．答案　Accepted 解析　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语，动词accept和主语this type of diet之间是动宾关系， 故用其动词-ed形式作状语，表示原因，且首字母要大写。故填Accepted。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$