Unit 8 Period 2 Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots—Reading Comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（北师大版2019）

What’s really green? Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority1 of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false2. Here are some common ones. Which are really green? ·Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones. Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them for food. It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down, but much less time for paper. Because of this, people think paper bags are the better environmental choice. However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount3 of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases. In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. So, take a reusable bag with you when you go shopping. ·When you turn off a device4, it stops using power. When we turn off a device, such as television, it goes into stand­by mode5. Devices in this mode still use power, and older devices in stand­by mode can use even more. This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device, even when it is turned “off”. To make sure your appliance6 is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply. ·It’s better to take a shower than a bath. It depends on7 how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you’ll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres8 of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible. Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it’s worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what’s really green.(节选自外研版新教材必修第二册Unit 6) 词汇积累 1.majority /mə'dʒɒrəti/ n．多数，大多数(人或物) 2．false /fɔːls/ adj.不正确的，错误的 3．amount /ə'maʊnt/ n．数量，数额 4．device /dɪ'vaɪs/ n．设备，仪器，装置 5．mode /məʊd/ n．(机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式 6．appliance /ə'plaɪəns/ n．家用电器，家用器具 7．depend on依靠；取决于 8．litre /'liːtə/ n．升，公升 Period 2　Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots—Reading Comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．firm　　　 A．to fire a gun or other weapon; to fire sth from a weapon 2．balance B．to include sth as a necessary part of an activity，event，or situation 3．shoot C．the ability to keep steady with an equal amount of weight on each side of the body 4．involve D．to treat things that have already been used so that they can be used again 5．recycle E．a system for carrying people or goods from one place to another using vehicles，roads etc. 6．transport F．fairly hard，not easy to press into a different shape 答案　1.F　2.C　3.A　4.B　5.D　 6.E Ⅱ.选词填空 make a difference，in addition to，take action，suffer from，can’t be bothered to do sth 1．My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me，so a flush of disappointment swept over me. 2．Word came that the master was suffering from a strange disease those days. 3．The citizens urged the government to take action to protect the old building. 4．In addition to the flat，the young performer has several houses in that country. 5．I wonder whether my lessons will make a difference to the children living there. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The role of Roots & Shoots. B．The future of Roots & Shoots. C．The features of Roots & Shoots. D．The history of Roots & Shoots. 答案　A Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Match the main idea with each paragraph. (1)Para.1　A．The appeal for your help. (2)Para.2 B．The introduction to “Just-me-ism”． (3)Para.3 C．The establishment of Roots & Shoots. (4)Para.4 D．The meaning of its name. 答案　(1)B　(2)C　(3)D　(4)A Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read para.1 and do the following exercises. 1．Fill in the form according to paragraph 1. Examples Leaving the tap (1)running while you brush your teeth. Leaving a light (2)on when you go out. Dropping litter and not being bothered to (3)pick it up. Personal opinion Knowing those things are (4)wrong but thinking it doesn’t (5)matter. Harm (6)Wasting a lot of energy. 2.Why is “Just-me-ism” a problem? 答案　If millions of people perform “Just-me-ism”，there will be nobody to care and look after the environment. Ⅱ.Read para.2 and do the following exercises. 1．Fill in the form according to paragraph 2. Roots &Shoots The time of its establishment (1)In the early 1990s The founder (2)Dr.Jane Goodall The purpose To (3)educate young people，from pre-schoolers to (4)university students，so they can help to build a future that is (5)secure and live together (6)in peace with nature. 2.Which is NOT true about Jane Goodall? A．She is a famous scientist in the world. B．She cares more about the animals than the environment. C．She thinks that people should live in peace with nature. D．She thinks joint efforts are important. 答案　B 3．Paraphrase：which sentence in para.2 carries the same meaning with the following sentence? Apart from her research，she has been totally devoted to protecting the environment. 答案　In addition to her research，she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection. Ⅲ.Read para.3 and do the following exercises. 1．Why is the organisation called Roots & Shoots? 答案　Because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation，and shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brick walls to reach the light. 2．What does “Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots” refer to in this last sentence? 答案　It refers to young people all around the world including you and your friends. Ⅳ.Read para.4 and do the following exercises. 1．How does the author tell the readers what Roots & Shoots is all about? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving examples. C．By analyzing causes. D．By making classifications. 答案　B 2．What does Roots & Shoots emphasize? A．The importance of each individual. B．The importance of wildlife protection. C．The education of next generation. D．The urgency of environmental protection. 答案　A 3．What’s the purpose of the questions in paragraph 4? 答案　To appeal more people to join Roots & Shoots. Ⅴ.Read the whole passage again and do the following exercises. 1．What is the text type of the passage? A．Narrative writing(记叙文)． B．Practical writing(应用文)． C．Argumentation(议论文)． D．Exposition(说明文)． 答案　D 2．What’s the purpose of the passage? A．To call on everyone to take action to protect our environment. B．To tell readers what “Just-me-ism” is. C．To persuade everyone to adopt “Just-me-ism”． D．To introduce the establishment of Roots & Shoots. 答案　A 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Every individual doesn’t matter. B．Every individual can make a difference to the world. C．Only a few people suffer from“Just-me-ism”． D．People can’t live together in peace with nature. 答案　B Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．The text uses many parallel structures with the same pattern of words and sentences.Underline these structures.Discuss why the writer uses them.(Critical thinking) 2．As teenagers，what can you do to protect the environment？(Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 Most people suffer from “Just-me-ism”．You may leave the tap 1.running(run) while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or drop a piece of litter 2.but not pick it up，which is 3.harmful(harm) to our world.Jane Goodall,4.who is the best-known expert on wild chimpanzees，set up Roots & Shoots.Its purpose is 5.to educate(educate) young people to help to build a future that 6.is(be) secure and live together in peace with nature.Roots move 7.slowly(slow) under the ground to make a firm 8.foundation(found)，and shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a 9.better(good) place to live in.Roots & Shoots is all about：the value and importance of each individual—human，animal or plant.Jane Goodall believes that every individual has a role to play and every individual can make 10.a difference. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up. [句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。say之后为or 连接的两个宾语从句，其中while you brush your teeth 和when you go out 分别作两个leave的时间状语从句；can’t be bothered to do sth表示“不愿意/懒得做某事”。 [自主翻译]　例如，你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。 2．Of course，it wouldn’t matter if there were just a few people in the world. [句式分析]　本句含有一个if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设，结构为“if＋从句主语＋did/were...，主句主语＋would/could/should/might do...”。 [自主翻译]　当然，如果世界上只有几个人这样，那就无所谓了。 3．The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people，from pre-schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature. [句式分析]　本句是一个并列复合句。第一个分句中The whole purpose 是主语，to educate young people 是表语；so...分句中that 引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作主语。 [自主翻译]　“根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。 4．Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile，when you make a dog wag its tail，and when you water a thirsty plant? [句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。you help to make the world a better place是宾语从句；when you make a sad person...water a thirsty plant是三个并列的时间状语从句。 [自主翻译]　当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑，让一只狗摇尾巴，给一株干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗？ 5．Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that：“Every individual matters.Every individual has a role to play.Every individual makes a difference.” [句式分析]　本句是一个复合句。第一个that引导的是宾语从句，第二个that引导的是表语从句；表语从句中3个以“Every individual”开头的句子构子排比句。 [自主翻译]　珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己要扮演的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Sam Trull has worked with wildlife for almost 20 years，but she first found her soft spot for sloths(树懒) in 2013 after moving to Costa Rica to work for a small wildlife recovery center called Kids Saving the Rainforest.On arriving there，she took a liking to a two-week-old orphaned(孤儿的) sloth named Kermie.Sloths hug each other for both safety and comfort，so Trull cared for him with tender love，meals，and hugs.Soon other baby sloths were brought in.It was then that she realized that helping the creatures survive was her true calling. When the sloths were grown and healthy enough to depart，Trull and her team built a 19-foot-cubed cage near the recovery center and left the door open，so the four-legged friends could come and go freely.They spent enough time eating and exploring in the wild so that they could abandon the cage for good.Trull performed it successfully with several sloths who are now living healthily in the jungle.Their movements are tracked thanks to the collars they wear. Keeping sloths wild and free is a complicated and expensive process.To make it more effective，Trull co-founded the Sloth Institute in 2014.In addition to the education program and the research into sloths，the institute also cooperates with other institutes to better learn how to prepare orphaned sloths brought to the institute for eventual re-entry into the rainforest.The institute is now going smoothly. Trull published her new book called Slothlove，where she documented the sloths she had saved via photographs.She explained，“A lot of people don’t know getting hit by cars and getting caught in electric wires are particularly dangerous to sloths.People just think they’re adorable and take selfies with them，unaware that the sloth is stressed and upset.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了野生动物保护主义者萨姆·特鲁尔来到哥斯达黎加致力于树懒保护工作的感人事迹。 1．What can we learn about Trull shortly after she got to Costa Rica? A．She helped kids to recover. B．She cared for sloths for comfort. C．She was at a loss how to cure Kermie. D．She decided to work with sloths forever. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，特鲁尔来到哥斯达黎加不久，就意识到她的使命是帮助树懒存活下去，即决定要永远从事帮助树懒的工作。故选D。 2．Why did Trull and her team build the cage for the sloths? A．To limit their movements. B．To make them recover quickly. C．To train them to adapt to the wild. D．To reunite them with their mothers. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，当树懒长大并健康到可以离开时，他们建造笼子，并且让门开着，这样树懒们就可以来去自由了。它们花了足够的时间在野外进食和探索，这样一来它们就可以永远不再需要笼子。因此，他们打造这个笼子是为了训练树懒适应野外生活。故选C。 3．What can be inferred about the Sloth Institute? A．It is now open to tourists. B．It will mainly educate the public. C．It will let go more hand-raised sloths. D．It is largely sponsored by other institutes. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第三句可知，除了教育计划和树懒研究以外，该研究所还与其他研究所合作，以便更好地了解如何为来到研究所的孤儿树懒做好准备，让它们最终能重返雨林。所以树懒研究所会放生更多亲手抚养的树懒。故选C。 4．Why does the author mention Trull’s words in the last paragraph? A．To stress her talent for photography. B．To describe people’s love for sloths. C．To introduce the popularity of her book. D．To tell the reason for publishing her book. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。文章末尾，特鲁尔说：“许多人不知道，对树懒来说，被汽车撞到和被电线困住尤为危险。人们只是觉得它们很可爱，然后和它们自拍，却没有意识到树懒所承受的压力和不安。”这与出版《树懒之爱》构成因果关系，即作者引用特鲁尔的话是为了解释出版这本书的理由。故选D。 B (2023·广东高一期末联考) Buildings，pollution，poor soil，insects，and even car crashes can add to tree loss.However，between 2016 and 2021，the city of Seattle in Washington state was reported to have lost about 255 hectares of tree covering，for which climate change was blamed.Then came the driest summer on Seattle’s record books in 2022.The drier conditions and hotter temperatures have left many trees with brown leaves，naked branches，and extreme seeding.These are all signs of tree stress. According to Nicholas Johnson，a tree expert for Seattle City Parks，if this warming climate continues we are going to have a lot of trees die.Just like people，under the heat trees get weak. Researchers from France and Australia studied the effect of hotter temperatures and less rain on more than 3,100 trees and plants in 164 cities across 78 countries.They found about half the trees in the cities were experiencing climate conditions beyond their limits.They also found that by 2050 nearly all trees planted in Australian cities will not survive. It’s not the gradual change but these extreme swings of too much water，too little water，too much wind，and terrible storms that are going to cause these rapid changes.In 2005，Hurricane Katrina destroyed about 10 percent of the trees in New Orleans，Louisiana.And in 2021，Hurricane Ida uprooted many new tree plantings. To settle the problem of tree loss，non-native trees have been brought to cities for some time.In the city of Bellevue，Washington，experts are growing different kinds of trees specifically for climate change.On city grounds，they are planting baby giant sequoias，just a few centimeters tall.The giant sequoias are not native to the Pacific Northwest area.But the trees can deal with the lack of rain and insects.Once these trees are established，they grow incredibly fast.Having many different kinds and ages of trees is important to keeping urban forests alive. “Life always finds a way，” said Nicholas Johnson.“And in Seattle，people are helping life find a way.” 5．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．Natural reasons for tree loss. B．The terrible climate in Seattle in recent years. C．The bad condition of trees in Seattle. D．The signs of tree stress. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。第一段第一句列出加剧树木损失的因素，后面则说明了由于气候变化西雅图的树木损失情况越来越严重，由此可知，第一段主要是关于西雅图树木的糟糕状况，故选C。 6．What is endangering the trees in Australia cities? A．Buildings. B．Pollution. C．Car crashes. D．Extreme climate. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，城市中一半的树木都无法忍受极端天气状况，澳大利亚城市中的树木到2050年可能全部死亡，由此可推知，是极端的气候正在危及澳大利亚城市的树木，故选D。 7．How do tree experts solve the problem of tree death? A．By improving planting methods. B．By changing the kinds of trees. C．By treating trees as babies. D．By improving the soil quality. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段“...non-native trees have been brought to...”以及“...growing different kinds of trees...”可知，树木专家通过引进非本土的树、种植不同品种的树，即改变树木的种类来解决树木死亡的问题。故选B。 8．Which is Nicholas Johnson’s attitude to the future of trees in cities? A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“And in Seattle，people are helping life find a way.”可知“在西雅图，人们正在为生命寻找出路”(此处“life”指代文中反复提到的“trees”)，因此，Nicholas Johnson对城市树木的未来持积极的态度，故选A。 C Social distancing is not a new concept in the natural world，where infectious(传染) diseases are commonplace.Through specialized senses animals can discover certain diseases and change their behavior to avoid getting ill. In 1966，while studying chimps(猩猩) in a Tanzanian national park，zoologist Jane Goodall observed a chimp named McGregor who had caught a highly infectious virus.His fellow chimps attacked him and threw him out of the group.In one instance，McGregor got close to chimps in a tree.He reached out a hand in greeting，but the others moved away without a backward glance. “For a full two minutes，old McGregor sat still，staring after them，” Goodall notes in her 1971 book In the Shadow of Man.“It’s really not that different to how some societies react today to such a misfortune.” Not all animals are so aggressive toward their sick neighbors.Sometimes it’s as simple as avoiding those who may infect you. When Kiesecker，a lead scientist in America，studied American bullfrog in the late 1990s，he found that bullfrogs could not only discover a deadly smell of infection in other bullfrogs，but healthy members actively avoided those that were sick.Bullfrogs depend on chemical signals to determine who is sick or not. Caribbean lobsters also shun diseased members of their community，well before they become infectious.It takes about eight weeks for lobsters infected with the deadly virus Panulirus argus mininuceovirus to become dangerous to others.Normally social animals，lobsters begin keeping away from the diseased as early as four weeks after infection—once the lobsters can smell certain chemicals released by sick individuals. Overall，it’s important to note that，unlike us，animals don’t realize if they stay home，they might actually reduce the infection rate，” Kiesecker explains.“As humans，we have that ability.It’s a big difference.” 9．What can we learn about the chimps from Goodall’s observation? A．They kept a distance from one another. B．They became aggressive when infected. C．The infected avoided contact with others. D．The infected were forced to leave the group. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，感染疾病的黑猩猩被迫离开群体，故选D。 10．What does the underlined word “shun” in paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Avoid. B．Cure. C．Break away from. D．Get along with. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“Normally social animals，lobsters begin keeping away from the diseased as early as four weeks after infection—once the lobsters can smell certain chemicals released by sick individuals.”可知，加勒比龙虾在患病龙虾具有传染性之前，就会避开它们，画线词与A项“avoid(避开)”意思一样，故选A。 11．How are humans different from animals according to Kiesecker? A．Humans are more sensitive to virus. B．Humans are less likely to get infected. C．Humans treat infectious diseases in a wiser way. D．Humans can discover chemical signals more quickly. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，根据Kiesecker的观点，人类可以待在家里来避免传染疾病，而动物则是将患病的同伴赶出群体或远离感染者，由此可推知，人类和动物的不同之处在于人类对待传染病的方式更加明智。故选C。 12．Which might be the best title for the text? A．Help Me Out B．Leave Me Alone C．Stay Away from Us D．Stay Home Stay Healthy 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了自然界中的动物通过保持社交距离避免传染上疾病的现象。C项“离我们远点”符合文章主旨，为最佳标题，故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 Costa Rica has a long-standing commitment(投入) to the environment. 1 It has doubled its forest cover across the country in the last 30 years. In the 1940s，more than three-quarters of the country was covered in mostly rainforests and other woodlands.Then，between the 1940s and 1980s，heavy，uncontrolled logging(伐木) led to serious deforestation(滥伐)． 2 Realizing the great damage that was happening，government officials took a stand.Through a continued environmental focus，they were able to turn things around to the point that today forest cover has increased to 52%，which is double that of 1983 levels.That forest cover is able to take in a huge amount of CO2 from the atmosphere，fighting climate change for us all. 3 The government encourages landowners to protect the land through cash payments if they sign contracts(合同) with the Ministry of Environment.These contracts allow the landowners to take only a certain number of trees from the forest，and also require that they continue planting trees in the deforested areas. 4 Robert Blasiak，a researcher at the University of Tokyo，said，“Taking a closer look at what Costa Rica has achieved in the past 30 years may be just the driving force needed to make real change all over the world.” That is exactly what the Costa Rican leaders hope to achieve. 5 The Costa Rican President has called the climate crisis(危机) “the greatest task of our generation”； one that his country is strongly committed to. A．That is exactly what we’ve been doing. B．By 1983，only 26% of the country had forest cover. C．It has dealt with the problem of deforestation effectively. D．They want to encourage other nations to follow their example. E．It is not just advanced for its time but is also incomparable in the world. F．These payments are funded by the country and through international donations. G．The country has established programs for landowners taking part in reforestation. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。介绍了哥斯达黎加关注环境，通过努力实现了对森林的保护，在过去的30年里，全国的森林覆盖率翻了一番。 1．答案　C 解析　空前一句和空后一句说明哥斯达黎加对环境的投入是有关森林的，选项C承上启下，说明哥斯达黎加付出努力，有效地解决了森林砍伐的问题。故选C项。 2．答案　B 解析　空前一句说明那些年哥斯达黎加出现了严重的森林滥伐的现象，选项B “到1983年，全国只有26%的森林覆盖”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系，说明了森林滥伐造成的后果。故选B项。 3．答案　G 解析　空后内容介绍了政府采取的一系列保护措施，选项G为本段首句，概括本段主题，说明该国制定了保护森林的计划。故选G项。 4．答案　F 解析　上文“The government encourages landowners to protect the land through cash payments if...”说明保护森林是国家行为，政府鼓励，选项F 承接上文，说明这些资金由国家和国际捐赠提供。故选F项。 5．答案　D 解析　由前一段和空格上文“That is exactly what the Costa Rican leaders hope to achieve.”可知，哥斯达黎加在保护森林方面取得的成就正可能会激励全世界做出改变，这正是该国领导人所希望的，故选项D “他们想鼓励其他国家以他们为榜样”承接上文，说明他们想鼓励其他国家也这样做，同时还能引出下文，故选D项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$