Unit 7 Period 7 Focus on Language—Noun Clauses-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（北师大版2019）

Period 7　Focus on Language—Noun Clauses 感知以下句子，并完成方框下面的练习。 1．Van Gogh painted what he saw from his window... 2．However，the fact remains that The Starry Night is now one of the world’s most famous paintings. 3．What makes it striking is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear... 4．What is strange is that above the house and the tree，we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds. 5．Some feel that the paintings look dark and troubling. 1．句1是：宾语从句； 2．句2是：表语从句； 3．句3是：主语从句；表语从句； 4．句4是：主语从句；表语从句； 5．句5是：宾语从句。 在句子中起名词作用的句子被称为名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，本单元重点讲解前三种从句。 名词性从句常用的引导词： ①从属连词：that，whether，if(连接作用，不作成分)； ②连接代词：who(ever)，what(ever)，which(ever)，whom(ever)(作主语、宾语、表语等名词性成分)； ③连接副词：how(ever)，where(ever)，when(ever)，why(作状语)。 名词性从句的语序：名词性从句一律用陈述语序。 一、主语从句 主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。若主语部分结构较长，可以使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语从句放在后面。 Whether the drama will be put on is not certain now. 这部戏剧是否会被上演现在不能确定。 How the book will be sold depends on its author. 这本书如何销售取决于其作者。 Which pattern they will choose makes no difference. 他们选择哪种图案都无所谓。 That she will do well in her exam is certain. ＝It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 她在考试中会取得好成绩，这是确定无疑的。 注意：it作形式主语的主语从句 主语从句中以it作形式主语的四种常用句型： 1．It＋不及物动词或短语动词的适当形式＋从句 It happens that...碰巧…… It has turned out that...结果是…… It happened that the harvest was bad that year. 恰好那年收成不好。 2．It＋be＋及物动词的过去分词＋从句 It is said that...据说…… It is reported that...据报道…… It is believed that...人们认为…… It is hoped that...大家希望…… It is said that the middle-aged man has suffered a lot of failures. 据说，这个中年人遭受过很多次失败。 3．It＋be＋形容词＋从句 It is necessary that...……有必要 It is clear that...……很清楚 It is (un)likely that...……很(不太)可能 It is important that...……很重要 It is necessary that we should be equipped with some professional skills. 我们应该用专业技能武装自己，这是必要的。 4．It＋be＋名词＋that从句 适用于该句型的名词(词组)有：a pity，an honor，a good thing，a fact，a surprise，one’s duty等。 It is a pity that you missed such a funny comedy last week. 很遗憾上周你错过了那么好笑的一部喜剧片。 二、宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句被称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类，动词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句和形容词后的宾语从句。形容词后跟宾语从句的用法只限于少数动态形容词，如sure(确信)，certain(肯定的)，afraid(担心的)，confident(有把握的)等。若宾语部分结构较长，可使用形式宾语it，而把真正的宾语从句置于后面。 Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter. 每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。 Is there anything wrong with what I said? 我所说的有错误之处吗？ These two areas are similar in that they both have high rainfall in summer. 这两个地区的相似之处在于夏天降水都很多。 I’m not certain whether they will struggle for a better life. 我不确定他们是否会为了更好的生活而奋斗。 I find it strange that she doesn’t want to go. 她居然不想去，我觉得奇怪。 注意：宾语从句一般用陈述语气，但是，当主句的谓语动词为advise，insist(坚决主张)，suggest(建议)，require，request，order等表示请求、命令、要求、主张的动词时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即用“should＋动词原形”(should可以省略)。 She insisted that we (should) go to the exhibition with her. 她坚决要求我们和她一起去看展览。 三、表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。 可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem，sound等。 The question is whether he could compose such nice music within two days. 问题是他是否能在两天之内创作出那么好的音乐。 You look as if you slept badly. 你看上去仿佛没睡好觉。 The fact remains that we are still not advanced enough. 事实是我们仍旧不够先进。 注意： 1．表语从句实际上是对主语进行补充说明，从句表达的是主语的内容。 The fact is that he often feels tense while he is on the stage. 事实是他在台上时经常感到紧张。 2．主句的主语是名词advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等时，表语从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。 My suggestion is that we (should) consider all the aspects before making a decision. 我的建议是我们在做决定前应考虑到所有方面。 3．because，why引导的表语从句。 He failed.That is because he didn’t work hard. 他失败了。那是因为他没有努力工作。 He didn’t work hard.That is why he failed. 他没有努力工作。那是他失败的原因。 4．主句主语为reason时，表语从句的引导词要用that，一般不用why或because。 The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was drunk. 发生如此严重的一起事故的原因是司机喝醉了。 四、名词性从句要注意的难点 1．用whether而不用if的情况 (1)引导主语从句和表语从句时；(2)引导介词的宾语从句时；(3)引导词与or not连用时；(4)引导词后接to do时；(5)有些动词如leave，put，discuss，decide等后的宾语从句。 We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. 我们讨论了是否应该举行会议。 It depends on whether we have enough time. 这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。 I don’t know whether or not the report is true. 我不知道这份报告是不是真的。 2．that与what引导名词性从句的区别 that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语，意思是“……的事情，什么样的”。 That he failed in the test again really puzzled us. 他又一次没通过考试，这真让我们感到迷惑不解。(that在主语从句中不作成分，不可以省略) These photographs will show you what our village looks like. 这些照片将向你展示我们村的面貌。(what在宾语从句中作介词like的宾语) 3．wh-与wh-ever引导名词性从句的区别 连接词what，which，who分别表示“……的东西或事情”“哪一个”“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever，whichever，whoever分别相当于anything that，any...that，anyone who，意为“无论……”，强调一切情况。试比较： What you choose to wear should be clean. 你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。 Whatever you choose to wear should be clean. 无论你选择穿什么衣服，都应该是干净的。 完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用名词性从句。 据报道，今天早上罗马街街角出事故了。当时没有人看到究竟发生了什么事。谁将对这次事故负责仍在调查中。警察现在应该做的是尽快查明什么导致了这次事故。或许原因是司机太累了而没能及时停车。那位司机不承认拐弯时超速了。警察怀疑他所说的是否属实，决定进行进一步调查。 1．It was reported that there was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street this morning.No one saw 2.what on earth happened then.3.Who will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation.4.What the police should do now is to find out 5.what led to the accident.Perhaps the reason was 6.that the driver was too tired to stop the car in time.The driver didn’t admit 7.that he was overspeeding at the turning.The police doubted 8.whether what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I’d like to have a talk with whoever is in charge of the company. 2．Richard swims three times a week after work.This is how he keeps fit. 3．It happened that the young man was covering the accident at that time. 4．In fact，it depended on whether they would agree to our plan or not. 5．That he had given up his job really made all of us very surprised that day. 6．She made it clear that she wouldn’t leave her company until she was 60. 7．It is necessary that each citizen (should) do something to save energy. 8．His suggestion is that we shouldn’t respond to the emails from some strangers. 9．The doctor insisted that the injured boy (should) be operated(operate) on at once. 10．What made the school proud was that over 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. Ⅱ.单句写作 1．让她生气的是，她的儿子又一次考试不及格。 What made her angry was that her son failed the exam again. 2．据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这个实验。 It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment. 3．你想象不到他们在收到这份精美的礼物时有多么激动。 You can’t imagine how excited they were when they received the nice present. 4．他已明确表示他与这件事无关。 He has made it clear that he has nothing to do with the matter. 5．我迟到的原因是我在半路上遇到了交通堵塞。 The reason why I was late was that I had been/got caught in a traffic jam on the half way. 6．问题是我们怎样才能弄到那么多钱来进行我们的项目。 The problem is how we can get so much money to carry on our project. 7．她不明白的是为什么对她的课感兴趣的学生越来越少了。 What she couldn’t understand was why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 8．他们怎样处理了那些用过的材料，现在仍旧是个秘密。 How they have dealt with the used materials remains a secret now. Ⅲ.阅读理解 Art and science may seem like opposite things.One means the creative flow of ideas，and the other means cold，hard data—some people believe.In fact，the two have much in common.Now，a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class. Mariale Hardiman，an education specialist，noticed that students who used art in the class listened more carefully.They might ask more questions.They might volunteer more ideas.What’s more，students seemed to remember more of what they had been taught when their science lessons had involved art.To prove that，Hardiman teamed up with some researchers and six local schools. In the experiment，the researchers worked with teachers in 16 fifth-grade classrooms.They provided traditional science lessons and art-focused ones.In a traditional science class，for example，students might read the information from a book aloud.In the art-focused one，they might sing the information instead. The team randomly assigned(分配) each of the 350 students to either a traditional science class or an art-focused one.Students then learned science using that way for the whole unit—about three weeks.When they changed to a new topic，they also changed to the other type of class.This way，each student had both an art-focused class and a traditional one.Every unit was taught in both ways，to different groups of students.This enabled the researchers to see how students did in both types of classes. The team found that students who started off in traditional classes performed better after they moved into an art-focused class.But those who started in an art-focused class did well even when they went back to a traditional science class.These students appeared to use some of the art techniques after going back to a traditional class.Classroom teachers reported that many students continued to sketch(画速写) or sing to help remember the information.“It suggests that the arts may help students apply creative ways of learning on their own，” Hardiman said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上学到的东西。 1．How does the first paragraph develop? A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing cause and effect. C．By following space order. D．By making comparisons. 答案　D 解析　写作手法题。根据第一段前两句可知，第一段是通过把艺术和科学作比较来行文的。故选D。 2．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Students take an active part when their class involves art. B．Students are more creative in art class than in science class. C．Students’ learning ability depends greatly on class involvement. D．Students remember things for a longer time if using art in class. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段前四句可知，当科学课程涉及艺术时，学生上课时更加积极。故选A。 3．What were the students required to do in the experiment? A．Learn three units in total. B．Take two types of classes. C．Learn two topics for three weeks. D．Choose between a traditional class and an art-focused one. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“This way，each student had both an art-focused class and a traditional one.Every unit was taught in both ways，to different groups of students.”可知，学生们在实验中被要求参与两种类型的课程。故选B。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．It is not easy to use art in science class. B．Science plays an important role in creative thinking. C．Art contributes to science learning. D．Art-focused classes encourage teamwork. 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中的本文主旨句“Now，a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class.”可知，文章主要介绍了艺术可以帮助学生更好地记住他们在科学课上学到的东西。故选C。 Ⅳ.完形填空 I was sitting on a medical table.Beside me was a woman in scrubs(手术服) talking about the 1 weather recently.I 2 all the other people lying back on their medical tables too.Each one of us had a 3 in our arms with a long tube running down from it filling a plastic bag below.Each one of us had come to donate 4 to help others，make the world a better place，and perhaps even 5 a life. It was the local blood drive and I had driven 12 miles across snowy roads to get there.I tried never to 6 one even in the wintertime.In spite of all the time it took，I felt 7 to be able to give this gift back to others.I had been 8 so much in this life: a loving family，many friends，sweet，adorable pets，a comfy home，and enough money to 9 my needs.The gifts I had been given made me feel 10 ，yet the one thing that brought me more 11 than anything else was giving something back.The more you give back，the more you get in 12 . There are so many 13 you can give in this life too: a smile，a few dollars，a caring letter or e-mail，and even a pint(品脱) of blood.Each one of them is 14 and precious.May you fill your life with giving then.May you fill your life with 15 . 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者通过献血感悟到生活中应该多一些给予，才能充满快乐和爱。 1．A.good B．cold C．dry D．warm 答案　B 解析　根据下文“I had driven 12 miles across snowy roads to get there”可知，此处为穿手术服的女士在谈论最近的寒冷天气。故选B。 2．A.looked back on B．looked down on C．looked up at D．looked around at 答案　D 解析　look back on回忆；look down on轻视；look up at抬头看；look around at环顾四周。根据下文“all the other people lying back on their medical tables too”可知，作者环顾四周才能看到所有其他人。故选D。 3．A.card B．needle C．tube D．thread 答案　B 解析　根据下文“Each one of us had come to donate to help others”可知是献血，所以作者他们都躺在医疗台上，手臂上都插着一根针。故选B。 4．A.food B．blood C．book D．money 答案　B 解析　根据下文“It was the local blood drive”可知，此处指献血，是单词复现。故选B。 5．A.save B．influence C．change D．start 答案　A 解析　根据下文“a life”和常识可知，献血可能会挽救他人的生命。故选A。 6．A.catch B．ignore C．miss D．lose 答案　C 解析　根据上文“It was the local blood drive and I had driven 12 miles across snowy roads to get there.”可知，作者尽量不错过每一次献血的机会。故选C。 7．A.upset B．surprised C．confident D．delighted 答案　D 解析　upset不安的；surprised惊讶的；confident自信的；delighted高兴的。根据下文“to be able to give this gift back to others”可知，能把礼物回馈给别人，作者是高兴的。故选D。 8．A.given B．rewarded C．expecting D．considering 答案　A 解析　give给予；reward奖励；expect期盼；consider考虑。根据下文“a loving family，many friends，sweet，adorable pets，a comfy home”可知，这些都是作者拥有的，所以应该是被给予。下文“The gifts I had been given”也是提示。故选A。 9．A.identify B．balance C．match D．meet 答案　D 解析　identify识别；balance平衡；match匹配；meet满足。根据句意以及下文“my needs”可知，此处指满足作者的需求。故选D。 10．A.awful B．hopeful C．wonderful D．grateful 答案　C 解析　awful可怕的；hopeful有希望的；wonderful极好的；grateful感激的。根据“The gifts”以及下文“yet the one thing that brought me more than anything else was giving something back”可知，此处为别人给作者的礼物让作者感觉很好。故选C。 11．A.hope B．happiness C．challenge D．courage 答案　B 解析　hope希望；happiness快乐；challenge挑战；courage勇气。根据下文“than anything else was giving something back”可知，回报别人能让作者更快乐。故选B。 12．A.return B．turn C．time D．control 答案　A 解析　return回报；turn转向；time时间；control控制。根据上文“The more you give back”可知，你回馈的越多，作为回报，你得到的就越多。in return意为“作为回报，作为回应”，符合句意。故选A。 13．A.prizes B．gifts C．donations D．suggestions 答案　B 解析　prize奖品；gift礼物；donation捐赠；suggestion建议。根据下文“a smile，a few dollars，a caring letter or e-mail，and even a pint(品脱) of blood”可知，这些都是可以给予的礼物。故选B。 14．A.priceless B．necessary C．interesting D．natural 答案　A 解析　priceless无价的；necessary必需的；interesting有趣的；natural自然的。根据句意以及该句中的“and precious”可知，此处为每个都是无价的、珍贵的。空处和precious为并列关系。故选A。 15．A.passion B．luck C．dreams D．love 答案　D 解析　passion热情；luck幸运；dream梦想；love爱。根据上文“May you fill your life with giving then.”可知，这是作者的愿望，愿你的生活充满给予，也充满爱。故选D。 Ⅴ.语法填空 Generally speaking，a large number of people wish to be singers 1. musicians and dream of playing at a concert.To be honest，they attach great 2. (important) to becoming rich and famous.But just how do people form a band? First，they may start as a group of high-school 3. (student) and practice their music in someone’s house or play to passers-by in the street or subway 4. (earn) some extra money or to pay for their instruments.Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs，for which they 5. (pay) in cash.But 6. they want most is to make records and sell millions of copies to become millionaires. However，there was one band that started in a different way.It was called the Monkees，whose performances were humorous enough 7. (copy) by other groups.They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar 8. them.After a year or so，they started to play and sing their own songs like a real band.In the USA they became even 9.__________(popular) than the Beatles and sold even more records.The band broke up in about 1970，but 10. (happy) reunited in the mid-1980s. 1．答案　or 解析　考查连词。句意：一般来说，许多人希望成为歌手或音乐家，梦想在音乐会上演奏。此处表示选择，故填or。 2．答案　importance 解析　考查词性转换。attach great importance to是固定短语，意为“很重视”，故填importance。 3．答案　students 解析　考查名词复数。由“a group of”可知，空格处应用student的复数形式，故填students。 4．答案　to earn 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用不定式表目的，故填to earn。 5．答案　are paid 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据本段前三句的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；分析句子可知，空处表示被动意义，主语为第三人称复数they，故填are paid。 6．答案　what 解析　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导主语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，故用what引导。 7．答案　to be copied 解析　考查非谓语动词。“be＋形容词＋enough＋to do”是固定短语，意为“足够……可以……”，因此空格处是不定式，由后面的by可知，空格处应用不定式的被动语态，即to be done，故填to be copied。 8．答案　with 解析　考查固定短语。get/be familiar with是固定短语，意为“熟悉……”，故填with。 9．答案　more popular 解析　考查形容词的比较级。由空格后的than可知，空格处应用比较级more popular，故填more popular。 10．答案　happily 解析　考查词性转换。此处修饰动词reunited，故用副词形式。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$