Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 核心知识点精讲精练 2(Grammar)-2024-2025学年七年级英语下册教材核心知识全解（人教版2024）

Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Grammar 精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · 本资料设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习掌握并英语语法知识。 1、 单元重点语法解析 祈使句 1. 祈使句 (1) 祈使句一般用于表示请求，建议，命令，劝说，警告等。 (2) 祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但通常会省略主语。 (3) 祈使句句末用感叹号或句号。 (4) 为表示礼貌，祈使句经常在句首或句末加please。若在句末加please，前面通常会加逗号。 Don't eat food in the library. 不要在图书馆吃食物。 Open the door quickly！快打开门！ Come in , please 请进。 2. 肯定式与否定式祈使句 祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头；否定式一般在动词原形前加don't构成。 Listen carefully. 认真听。 Don't run in the classroom. 不要在教室里跑。 3. 各种词开头的祈使句 (1) Do型 · 肯定句：动词原形+其他 Come here. 来这儿。 Treat him with kindness. 友善地对待他。 · 否定句：Don't +动词原形+其他 Never+动词原形+其他 Don't litter！ 不要扔垃圾！ Never give up . 千万不要放弃。 (2) Be型 · 肯定句：Be +其他 Be quiet! 安静点！ · 否定句：Don't +be+其他 Don't be late. 不要迟到。 (3) Let型 以let开头的句子常用于第一人称和第三人称，表示建议，劝说、邀请等。 · 肯定句：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Let him go out now. 让他现在出去。 · 否定句：Don't +let +宾语+动词原形+其他 Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他 Don't let him leave now. 不要让他现在离开。 Let him not leave now. 让他现在不要离开。 (4) No型 No +名词/ doing. 此句型通常表示“禁止做某事”。 No photos！ 禁止拍照！ No swimming! 禁止游泳。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Mike, ______ TV all the time. It's not good for your eyes. A．not watch B．doesn't watch C．don't watch D．isn't watch 【答案】C 【详解】句意:迈克，不要总是看电视。这对你的眼睛不好。 考查祈使句。分析句子可知，此处是一个祈使句的否定形式，其形式是在句首加don't，表示“不要做某事”。故选C。 (2) ________ run in the yard, Tom. It is too dangerous. A．Do B．Don't C．Not D．Doesn't 【答案】B 【详解】句意:汤姆，别在院子里奔跑。这很危险。 考查祈使句。根据“.run in the yard, Tom. It is too dangerous.”"可知，指不要在院子里跑，是否定祈使句，结构是don't动词原形，故选B。 (3) ________ talk in the library. A．Don't B．Not C．No D．don't 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不要在图书馆说话。 考查祈使句。Don't不要；Not不；No没有；don't不要。根据“…talk in the library”可知，本句是命令语气，属于祈使句，祈使句的否定形式是在句首加don't，句子首字母需要大写。故选A。 (4) Amy, never ________ any sweet food before going to bed, or you will get fat easily. A．eat B．eats C．eating D．to eat 【答案】A 【详解】句意：艾米，睡觉前不要吃任何甜食，否则你会很容易发胖的。 考查祈使句。由“never … any sweet food before going to bed”可知，句子是never+动词原形的祈使句。故选A。 (5) You can't swim here. Don't you see the sign "No ________". A．swim B．swimming C．swims D．to swim 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你不能在这里游泳。难道你没有看到“禁止游泳”的标志吗？ 考查祈使句的否定形式。此处构成“No doing”句型，构成祈使句的否定形式，故选B。 (6) Lingling is reading, please ________. A．quite B．be quiet C．quiet D．be quite 【答案】B 【详解】句意：玲玲正在阅读，请保持安静。 考查祈使句。quite相当地，副词；be quiet请安静；quiet安静的，形容词；be quite无此搭配。根据“Lingling is reading”可知，此处应该保持安静，应用祈使句“be quiet”，表示“请安静”。故选B。 (7) Now, let's ________ school. A．go to B．to go C．to go to D．going to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：现在，让我们去学校。 考查动词短语。let's+动词原形，表示“让我们做某事”，短语go to school“去上学”，故选A。 (8) Micheal, ________late for school. A．don't be B．doesn't be C．isn't D．don't 【答案】A 【详解】句意：迈克尔，上学不要迟到。 考查祈使句。根据“...late for school.”可知，该句是否定祈使句，其结构是“don't+动词原形”。故选A。 翻译句子。 (1) 请拨打685-6034这个号码找我。 【答案】Please call me at 685-6034./Call me at 685-6034, please. (2) 今天天气不错。我们放学后去踢球吧。 【答案】It's fine today. Let's play football after school. (3) 不要熬夜，那对你的身体不好。 【答案】Don't stay up late, it's bad for your health. (4) 请把这本书给康康。 【答案】Please give this/the book to Kangkang. (5) 不要在走廊里跑。 【答案】Don't run in the hallways (6) 请让我带领你们参观我们校园吧。 【答案】Let me show you around our school 情态动词can, have to, must用法 1. 情态动词的基本用法 (1) 情态动词用于表明说话者的语气和情态，包括能力，可能，命令，要求，意愿，怀疑等。 (2) 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。有的情态动词没有时态变化，如must等。 She can play the guitar. 他会弹吉他。 We must finish the task before Tuesday. 我们必须在周二前完成这个任务。 (3) 情态动词不能单独做谓语，后面必须接动词原形。 Lucy may arrive there at 5 o'clock. 露西可能5点到那里。 Wang Fang can play soccer well. 王芳足球踢得很好。 2. 含情态动词的各种句式 (1) 陈述句 主语+情态动词(+not)+实义动词原型+其他。 含情态动词的肯定句变否定句的规则： · 在情态动词后加not。 · 句中有some，变为否定句时用any。 He can play basketball. 他会打篮球。 →He can't play basketball. 他不会打篮球。 (2) 一般疑问句 情态动词(+not)+主语+实义动词原型+其他? 含情态动词的陈述句变一般疑问句的规则： · 将情态动词提到句首，实义动词用原型。其他部分基本不变； · 若陈述句主语为第一人称，变为一般疑问句后要变成第二人称； · 若陈述句中含有some,变成一般疑问句后一般要变成any。 I must go there with him. 我必须和他一起去那里。 →Must you go there with him? 你必须和他一起去那里吗？ (3) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+情态动词(+not)+主语+实义动词原型+其他? What can he do? 他会做什么？ When can you finish the task? 你什么时候能完成这项任务？ 3. 情态动词can的用法 (1) can的各种用法 · can用于表示能力，可译为“可以，能够，会”。 He can speak a little Chinese.他会说一点中文 Can Anna play volleyball. Anna会打排球吗？ · can用于表示请求。 Can you hand me the book? 你能把书递给我吗？ could也表示请求，语气比can更委婉。 Could you tell me your sister's telephone number? 你能告诉我你妹妹的电话号码吗？ · can用于表示许可。 You can't eat here. 你不能在这吃东西。 You can park your car here. 你可以在这停车。 (2) 含can的各种句式 · 陈述句：Sb. +can (+not) +动词原形+其他部分. can not可缩写为can't或cannot。 My grandpa can play chess. 我的爷爷会下国际象棋。 · 一般疑问句：Can +sb. +动词原形+其他部分？ 对于一般疑问句的回答： 肯定回答用Yes, sb. can. 有时也用Certainly. / Sure. / Of course. 等回答。 否定回答用No, sb. can't. 有时也用Sorry, I'm afraid you can't. (不好意思，恐怕不行。)等回答。 —Can Lucy come tomorrow? 露西明天能来吗？ —Yes, she can. 是的，她可以。 —Can we eat snacks in the class? 我们能在课堂上吃东西吗？ —No，we can't. 不，我们不能。 · 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ can sb.+动词原形+其他部分？ What can your sister do ? 你妹妹会做什么？ 4. 情态动词have to的用法 (1) 情态动词have to基本用法 · have to表示“不得不，必须”，表示客观情况所迫，不得不做某事。 I have to finish my homework first. 我必须先完成作业。 · have to可用于不同的时态，且有人称和数的变化。 一般现在时，主语不是第三人称单数时，用have to 结构。 一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用has to 结构。 一般过去时，用had to结构。 I have to finish my homework before 10 o'clock. 我必须在10点前完成我的作业。 Alice has to look after her sister on Sunday afternoon. 周日下午Alice必须照顾她的妹妹。 I had to look after my sister last Sunday. 上周日我得照顾我的妹妹。 (2) 一般现在时情况下have to的各种句式 · 陈述句：主语(+don't / doesn't)+have/has+to+实义动词原型+其他。 have to的否定式是在have前加don't或doesn't，表示“没有必要，不必”。 David has to practice the piano every day. 大卫必须每天练琴。 You don't have to clean your room every day. 你没有必要每天打扫房间。 · 一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+have+to+实义动词原型+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+do/does. 否定回答：No, 主语+ don't/doesn't (have to). 或 No,主语+ needn't. —Does he have to wear a uniform? 他必须船校服吗？ —Yes, he does. 是的。 —Do I have to leave now ? 我现在必须离开了吗？ —No, you don't (have to). / No, you don't need. 不，你不必。 5. 情态动词must的用法 (1) 情态动词must基本用法 · must意为“必须”，表示主观意愿，认为有必要或有义务做某事。 You must arrive before 5 p.m. 你必须5点前到达。 · must一般只表示现在，没有时态变化，也没有人称和数的变化。 She must do something about it. 对于此，她必须做点事情。 (2) must的各种句式变化 · 陈述句：主语+must (+not)+实义动词原型+其他。 must not可缩写为mustn't。 Lucy must tell her teacher the truth. 露西必须把事实告诉她的老师。 We mustn't run in the classroom. 我们一定不能在教室里跑。 · 一般疑问句：Must+主语+实义动词原型+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+must. 否定回答：No, 主语+ don't/doesn't have to. 或 No,主语+ needn't. —Must I arrive before 7 a.m. ?我必须早上7点前到吗？ —Yes, you must. 是的，你必须(7点前到)。 —Must we clean up the room tonight ? 我们必须今晚把房间打扫干净啊？ —No, you don't have to. / No ,you needn't. 不，你们没有必要。 (3) must与have to用法比较 · must通常表示主观意愿或看法，语气强烈；have to往往强调客观情况所迫，不得不做。 · must的否定式mustn't的否定式含义为“禁止，一定不能”。而have to的否定式含义为“没有必要，不必”。 · must没有时态，人称和数的变化；have则有时态，人称和数的变化。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Emma, ________ I use your eraser? —Of course, you can. Here you are. A．should B．must C．can D．need 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Emma，我可以用一下你的橡皮擦吗？——当然可以，给你。 考查情态动词。should应该；must必须；can可以；need需要。根据答语中的“Of course, you can.”可知，此处表示“请求允许”，应用can。故选C。 (2) I ________ go camping with you this time. I have some other things to do. A．can't B．shouldn't C．mustn't D．needn't 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这次我不能和你一起去露营了。我还有其他事情要做。 考查情态动词。can't不可能；shouldn't不应该；mustn't禁止；needn't不必。根据“I have some other things to do.”可知，不能一起去露营。故选A。 (3) —_________ I swim here? —I'm sorry. Children _________ swim alone here. It's very dangerous. A．Must; can't B．May; shouldn't C．Can; mustn't D．Can; needn't 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我可以在这里游泳吗？——非常抱歉。孩子禁止独自在这里游泳。非常危险。 考查情态动词。must必须；can't不能；may可以，表请求；should't不应该；can可以，表请求；mustn't禁止；needn't不必。第一个空根据“I'm sorry.”可知，上文应是表示请求，故排除A；第二个空根据“It's very dangerous.”可知，这里很危险，故孩子应禁止独自在这里游泳。故选C。 (4) —Must I park my car behind the building? —No, you ________. You ________ park it here. A．mustn't; need B．don't have to; may C．may not; must D．needn't; must 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我必须把车停在大楼后面吗？——不，你不必。你可以把车停在这儿。 考查情态动词。mustn't禁止；need需要；don't have to不必；may可以；may not可能不；needn't不必；must必须。根据“Must I park my car behind the building?”可知，以must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答用don't have to/needn't，排除A、C选项；空二处表示可以把车停在这儿，用may符合语境。故选B。 (5) —Do you ________ clean the classroom every day? —Yes. We usually clean it after class. A．have to B．has to C．must D．can 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你必须每天打扫教室吗？——是的。我们通常在课后打扫它。 考查动词辨析。have to不得不，必须；has to动词三单形式；must必须；can能够。Do是助动词，位于句首构成一般疑问句，所以这里不能用must或can，因为这两者构成一般疑问句都是放在Do的位置；Do是助动词，后跟动词原形。故选A。 (6) Tom can't come to your party because he ________ do his homework. A．doesn't have to B．can't C．mustn't D．has to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Tom不能参加你的派对，因为他必须要做他的家庭作业。 考查情态动词辨析。doesn't have to不必；can't不能；mustn't禁止；has to不得不，必须。根据句中“can't come to your party”可知，因为Tom必须做家庭作业，所以不能参加聚会，此处使用has to。故选D。 (7) —Rules are rules! —That's true. We ________ follow them. A．can B．have to C．may D．must 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——规则就是规则！——确实如此。我们必须遵守它们。 考查情态动词。can能够；have to不得不，强调客观上不得不；may可以；must必须，强调主观上必须。此处指主观上必须遵守规则，应用must。故选D。 (8) These days in Xiaogan, you ________ wear a mask (口罩) when you get on the bus. A．must B．can't C．has to D．aren't 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在孝感的这些日子，你上公共汽车时必须戴口罩。 考查情态动词。must必须；can't不能；has to必须，不得不；aren't不是。根据“wear a mask when you get on the bus”可知上公共汽车时必须戴口罩，所以B和D项排除，主语是“you”，应该用have，排除C项。故选A。 (9) —________ your brother play the piano? —Yes, he can. A．Can B．Must C．Need D．Should 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的兄弟会弹钢琴吗？——是的，他会。 考查情态动词。can能够；must必须；need需要；should应该。根据“Yes, he can.”可知，此处指会弹钢琴，疑问句应用can表示能力。故选A。 (10) Nancy can't come here, because she ________ do her homework. A．has to B．can C．doesn't have to D．can't 【答案】A 【详解】句意：南希不能来这里，因为她要做作业。 考查情态动词。has to不得不；can能够；doesn't have to不必；can't不能。根据“Nancy can't come here, because she…do her homework”可知，不得不做作业，所以不能来，故选A。 按要求完成句子。 (1) Must I get there at 5:00? (作否定回答) 【答案】No you needn't/ you don't have to (2) Tina has to practise the violin every evening. (改为一般疑问句) 【答案】Does Tina have to practise the violin every evening? (3) Jimmy can make delicious dumplings.(改为否定句) 【答案】Jimmy can't make delicious dumplings. (4) I can order the meal for Mike.(变为一般疑问句) 【答案】Can you order the meal for Mike? (5) Lisa has to wear school uniform every day. (改为否定句) 【答案】Lisa doesn't have to wear school uniform every day. 翻译句子。 (1) 他们能给你讲故事。 【答案】They can tell you stories. (2) 你能带我参观一下你们学校的礼堂吗？ 【答案】Can you show me around your school hall? (3) 因为下雨，我们不得不待在宾馆里。(because of) 【答案】We have to stay at the hotel because of the rain. (4) 我必须把车停在建筑物后面吗？ 【答案】Must I park my car behind the building? (5) 你没有必要给我们烧饭。 【答案】You don't have to cook for us. (6) 学生必须保持教室整洁。 【答案】Students must keep the classrooms clean and clean. 2、 单元语法基础练习 单项填空 (1) Daniel, ________ football in the street. It's too dangerous. A．Play B．doesn't play C．don't play D．plays 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Daniel，别在街上踢足球。太危险了。 考查祈使句。根据句意以及句式结构可知，该句是祈使句。“don't +动词原形”即“不要做……”。故选C。 (2) ________ the window! It's so cold today. A．Not open B．Don't open C．Open D．Don't to open 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要打开窗户，今天太冷了。根据“It is so cold”可知是否定句不要开窗户。否定祈使句是Don't+动词原形，意为“不要做某事”。故选B。 (3) ________ me a postcard when you get to Australia. Don't forget it! A．To send B．Sends C．Sending D．Send 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你到澳大利亚后给我寄张明信片。别忘了！ 考查祈使句。句子是祈使句，应用动词原形开头，故选D。 (4) —Amy, ___________ talking now. We are having a class! —Sorry, I won't. A．to stop B．stop C．stops D．stopping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——艾米，别说话了。我们在上课！——对不起，我不会了。 考查祈使句。根据“Amy, ... talking now.”可知，句子是祈使句，动词用原形。故选B。 (5) ________ dressed now! We have to go right away (立刻). A．Getting B．To get C．Get D．Gets 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在就穿上衣服！我们得马上走。 考查祈使句。空格所在句为祈使句，祈使句以动词原形开头。故选C。 (6) Tony, ________ to take some photos of the pandas when you are at the Chengdu Panda Base. A．remember B．remembers C．to remember D．remembering 【答案】A 【详解】句意：托尼，当你在成都熊猫基地的时候，记得拍一些熊猫的照片。 考查祈使句。分析句子结构并结合空前的“Tony,”可知，主句为祈使句，应以动词原形开头。故选A。 (7) Let's ________ on Sunday. A．play basketball B．to play basketball C．play the basketball D．to play the basketball 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们星期天一起去打篮球吧。 考查非谓语动词。play basketball打篮球，球类名词前不用冠词；根据“Let”可知，let sb do sth意为“让某人做某事”，此空填省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选A。 (8) —________ you play basketball, Mike? —No. But I am good at football. A．Can B．Need C．Should D．Must 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——迈克，你会打篮球吗？——不会。但是我擅长足球。 考查动词辨析。Can能够；Need需要；Should应该；Must必须。根据“No. But I am good at football.”可知，此处应询问对方会不会打篮球，应用情态动词Can，表示能力。故选A。 (9) The cat ________ climb trees but it ________ swim. A．can; can't B．can; don't C．does; isn't D．can; isn't 【答案】A 【详解】句意：猫能爬树但不能游泳。 考查情态动词。can能，情态动词；do助动词；is是，be动词。be动词不能和动词原形在一起，第二空后面有实义动词swim，因此直接排除选项C、D。再根据it为第三人称单数，须用does构成否定，排除选项B。故选A。 (10) —________we bring phones to school? —No, we can't. A．Must B．Can C．Do D．Does 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们可以带手机到学校吗？——不，我们不可以带。 考查情态动词的用法。Must必须，表示必要性；Can可以，表示请求，许可；Do助动词；Does助动词，用于第三人称单数。根据句意及回答“No, we can't.”可知此处应用“Can”，表示“请求”。故选B。 (11) It's raining, so I ________ stay at home. A．can't B．have to C．has to D．am 【答案】B 【详解】句意：外面在下雨，所以我不得不待在家里。 考查情态动词。can't不能；have to不得不（表示客观上的要求）；has to不得不（have to的三单形式）；am是。根据“It's raining”可知，因为正在下雨，所以客观上不得不呆在家里。主语为I。故选B。 (12) —Must I do my homework now? —__________ You can do it tomorrow. A．No, you needn't. B．No, you mustn't. C．Yes, you must. D．No, you doesn't have to. 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我必须现在做作业吗？——不，你不必。你可以明天做。 考查一般疑问句。根据“Must I do my homework now?”可知是含有must的一般疑问句，又根据“You can do it tomorrow.”可知是否定回答，含有must的一般疑问句，否定回答要用needn't，故选A。 (13) —Mom, can I watch TV this evening? —You ________ do your homework first. A．can B．will C．must D．shall 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我今晚可以看电视吗？——你必须先做家庭作业。 考查情态动词。can“能”；will“将”；must“必须”；shall“将会”。由“Mom, can I watch TV this evening?”可知，这是在请求许可。由“You…do your homework first.”可知，看电视前必须先做作业。故选C。 (14) —Mom, can I go out to play now? —No, you ________ finish your homework first. A．have to B．can C．has to D．must 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我现在可以出去玩吗？——不，你必须先完成作业。 考查动词辨析。have to必须(表示客观的需要)；can能够；has to必须，have to的三单形式；must必须(表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要)。根据“No,”可知，此处语气比较强烈，这是妈妈主观上的看法，用must。故选D。 (15) We ________ wait until the traffic light turns green when we cross the road. A．can B．need C．must D．may 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们过马路时必须等到交通灯变绿。 考查情态动词辨析。can可以；need需要；must必须；may可能。根据“We ... wait until the traffic light turns green when we cross the road.”可知，绿灯时才能过马路，这是交通规则要求行人必须这么做，must符合句意。故选C。 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 根据情境写句子(用祈使句或含情态动词的句子) (1) 在动物园，你看到Tom正准备给熊投喂面包，你可以这样对他说： ______________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Tom, don't give your bread to the bear. It's not good for it. (2) 你家附近有一条很深的河流，社区的工作人员准备在河边竖立一块警示牌，警示牌上可以这样写： ______________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 No swimming! (3) 在图书馆，有几位同学在交谈，并且声音很大，图书管理员可能会这样提醒他们： ______________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Don’t talk loudly. / Please keep quiet. (4) 班会上，老师让同学们讨论制定一些班规，你会想出哪些班规呢？你写在下面：（至少3点） ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Don’t arrive late for school. We can’t eat in class. We must wear uniforms. We can’t bring mobile phones to school. 2. 补全对话 (1) 根据下面对话中的情景，在每个空中填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。 A: Hi, Mary. B: Hi, Peter. Your school is great. Do you have many rules at your school? A:    1    . We have many school rules. B:     2    ? A: We can't run in the hallways and we can't fight with our classmates. B:     3    ? A: No, we can't eat in the classroom. We must eat in the dining hall. B:     4    ? A: Yes, we must. We can't be late for school. B:     5    ? A: I usually arrive at school at 8 o'clock. B: Oh, I see. 【答案】 【小题1】Yes, we do 【小题2】What are they 【小题3】Can you eat in the classroom 【小题4】Must you arrive at school on time 【小题5】What time/When do you usually arrive at school 【导语】这是一篇Mary询问Peter学校里的一些规定的对话。 【小题1】根据“ Do you have many rules at your school?"可知，此处应该作肯定或否定回答，结合“We have many school rules.”可知，此处应是肯定回答，故填Yes，we do. 【小题2】根据“We can't run in the hallways and we can't fight with our classmates.”"可知，此处问是什么规则，故填What are they? 【小题3】根据"No, we can't eat in the classroom.”"可知，此处问能不能在教室吃东西，故填Can you eat in the classroom? 【小题4】根据" Yes, we must. We can't be late for school."可知，此处问是否要准时到校，故填Must you arrive at school on time? 【小题5】根据"l usually arrive at school at 8 o'clock.”可知，此处问通常什么时候上学，故填What time/When do you usually arrive at school? (2) 根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。 A: Nice to meet you. My name's Li Lei. I'm new here and today is my first day at school. B:     1    . I'm Wang Jie. This is a great school, but there are a lot of rules. A:     2    ? B: First, we have to wear the school uniform every day. This is very important. A: I see.     3    ? B: You'd better not. Teachers think smartphones are not good for our study. A: Can I bring my music player to school? B:     4    . But you can't listen to music in the classroom or hallways. A: Oh, I see. Are there any other rules? B: What's more, you can't eat in the classroom. A: Thank you for telling me these, Wang Jie. B:     5    . 【答案】 【小题1】Nice to meet you, too 【小题2】 What school rules do we have/What are the school rules 【小题3】Can I bring my smartphone to school 【小题4】Yes (, you can) 【小题5】You're welcome/That's all right 【导语】本文讲述了两个学生在新学校认识的情境，其中一位新生李雷与另一位学生王杰进行对话，讨论学校的规则和相关事宜。 【小题1】根据“Nice to meet you"可知，应说自己也很高兴见到对方。故填Nice to meet you,too。 【小题2】根据“First, we have to wear the school uniform every day. This is very important,”"可知，问学校有什么规定。故填What school rules do we have/what are the school rules. 【小题3】根据* You'd better not. Teachers think smartphones are not good for our study.”可知，问自己是否可以带手机去学校。故填Can I bring my smartphone to school. 【小题4】根据"But you can't listen to music in the classroom or hallways."可知，but表示转折，说明可以带音乐播放器的。故填Yes (you can)。 【小题5】根据“Thank you for telling me these"可知，应说不客气。故填You're welcome/That's all right. 3. 短文填空 Jack is a middle school student. There are too many rules in his school. First, they must wear school     1     (uniform) on school days. They have to get to school on time. They can't arrive late     2     school. Second, they can't run in the classroom or in the hallways.     3     (three), they can't eat in the classroom, and they have to eat in the dining hall     4     outside. Fourth, they mustn't     5     (talk) loudly in the library. They must keep quiet. Fifth, they must     6     (clean) the classroom every day. Keep it clean. Don't make it     7     (tidy). Sixth, they can't bring the music players to school, and they can't listen to music in class,     8    . For boys, they must keep their     9     (hair) short. They can't have long hair. Jack says the rules are too strict. But they have to follow     10      (they) because they are good for them. 【答案】 【小题1】uniforms 【小题2】for 【小题3】Third 【小题4】or 【小题5】talk 【小题6】clean 【小题7】untidy 【小题8】either 【小题9】hair 【小题10】them 【导语】本文主要介绍了杰克学校的一些规则。 【小题1】句意:首先，他们必须在上学日穿校服。uniform是可数名词，意为“校服”，因为主语是they，表示复数，所以uniform要用复数形式。故填uniforms。 【小题2】句意:他们不能上学迟到。arrive late for school是固定短语，表示“上学迟到”，故填for。 【小题3】句意:第三，他们不能在教室里吃东西，他们必须在餐厅或外面吃饭。前面已经列出了两条规则，这里说的是第三条规则，所以要用three的序数词third，首字母大写。故填Third。 【小题4】第三，他们不能在教室里吃东西，他们必须在餐厅或外面吃饭。根据“They have to eat in the dining hall..outside”"可知是在餐厅或者外面吃饭，or““或者”符合句意。故填or。 【小题5】句意:第四，他们不能在图书馆里讲话。根据“They must keep quiet,”"可知在图书馆不能说话，要保持安静，情态动词后加动词原形talk“说话”。故填talk。 【小题6】第五，他们必须每天打扫教室，根据“Fifth, they must..(clean) the classroom every day,”"可知是每天打扫教室，情态动词后加动词原形clean“打扫”。故填clean。 【小题7】句意:不能把它弄脏，根据“Don't make it...(tidy).”"可知是让它变脏，make+宾语·形容词，表示“使…变得.…”，tidy是形容词，意为“整洁的”，其反义词是untidy，意为“不整洁的”，符合语境。故填untidy。 【小题8】句意:他们不能把音乐播放器带到学校，课堂上也不能听音乐。根据“hey can't bring the music players to school, and they can't listen to music in class,…”"可知，也不能在课堂上听音乐，否定句中表示“也”用either。故填either。 【小题9】句意:对于男生，他们必须留短发。根据“they must keep their..(hair)short.”"可知是保持短发，hair“头发”，不可数名词故填hair。 【小题10】句意:但是他们必须遵守它们，因为它们对他们有益。根据“have to follow...(they)”可知，所给词汇they是主格代词，指代“这些规则”，follow是动词，后面接宾语，要用宾格代词them。故them。 4. 任务型阅读  Every school has its rules. Believe it or not, there are a lot of different school rules all over the world. Here are some of them in different countries. Japanese schools always have strict rules. Most Japanese schools ask the students to wear school uniforms. In many Japanese schools, students can't go to the cinema without their parents. Some schools ask students not to leave home in the evening or play computer games at home. In the USA, students wear different shoes at school. They must wear indoor shoes at school every day because the shoes can keep the school clean and students won't fall down easily. We all know gum (口香糖) is hard to clean. So students in the USA can't eat it at school and take it to school. In the UK, schools have strict rules about hair. Students can't have strange hairstyles (发型) at school in the UK. But the students can have certain strange hairstyles in the World Cup years. 1. What kind of clothes should Japanese students wear at school? ______________________________________________________________ 2. When can't Japanese students leave home? ______________________________________________________________ 3. Why must American students wear indoor shoes at school? ______________________________________________________________ 4. What can't students in the USA eat at school? ______________________________________________________________ 5. In which country can't students have strange hairstyles at school, in the UK or in the USA? ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】 【小题1】Japanese students/They should wear school uniforms at school/School uniforms. 【小题2】Japanese students/They can't leave home in the evening./In the evening. 【小题3】 Because indoor shoes/they can keep the school clean and students won't fall down easily. 【小题4】Students/They can't eat gum at school./Gum. 【小题5】Students can't have strange hairstyles at school in the UK./In the UK 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本、美国以及英国的校规。 【小题1】根据"Most Japanese schools ask the students to wear school uniforms."可知，要穿校服，故填Japanese students/They should wear school uniforms at school School uniforms. 【小题2】根据“'Some schools ask students not to leave home in the evening"可知，不可以在晚上离开家，故填Japanese students/They can't leave home in the evening./In the evening. 【小题3】 根据“They must wear indoor shoes at school every day because the shoes can keep the school clean and students won't fall down easily"可知，因为鞋子可以保持学校清洁，学生不会轻易摔倒，故填Because indoor shoes/they can keep the school clean and students won't fall down easily. 【小题4】根据“We all know gum (口香糖) is hard to clean. So students in the USA can't eat it at school and take it to school”"可知，不能吃 口香糖，故填Students/They can't eat gum at school./Gum. 【小题5】根据“Students can't have strange hairstyles(发型)at school in the UK.”可知，在英国，学生在学校不能留奇怪的发型，故填Students can't have strange hairstyles at school in the UK./In the UK. 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Grammar 精讲本单元的重点语法，讲解部分配有随学随练。 · 本资料设置了单元语法基础练习和单元语法提升练习，丰富多样的习题帮助学生更好地学习掌握并英语语法知识。 1、 单元重点语法解析 祈使句 1. 祈使句 (1) 祈使句一般用于表示请求，建议，命令，劝说，警告等。 (2) 祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但通常会省略主语。 (3) 祈使句句末用感叹号或句号。 (4) 为表示礼貌，祈使句经常在句首或句末加please。若在句末加please，前面通常会加逗号。 Don't eat food in the library. 不要在图书馆吃食物。 Open the door quickly！快打开门！ Come in , please 请进。 2. 肯定式与否定式祈使句 祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头；否定式一般在动词原形前加don't构成。 Listen carefully. 认真听。 Don't run in the classroom. 不要在教室里跑。 3. 各种词开头的祈使句 (1) Do型 · 肯定句：动词原形+其他 Come here. 来这儿。 Treat him with kindness. 友善地对待他。 · 否定句：Don't +动词原形+其他 Never+动词原形+其他 Don't litter！ 不要扔垃圾！ Never give up . 千万不要放弃。 (2) Be型 · 肯定句：Be +其他 Be quiet! 安静点！ · 否定句：Don't +be+其他 Don't be late. 不要迟到。 (3) Let型 以let开头的句子常用于第一人称和第三人称，表示建议，劝说、邀请等。 · 肯定句：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他 Let him go out now. 让他现在出去。 · 否定句：Don't +let +宾语+动词原形+其他 Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他 Don't let him leave now. 不要让他现在离开。 Let him not leave now. 让他现在不要离开。 (4) No型 No +名词/ doing. 此句型通常表示“禁止做某事”。 No photos！ 禁止拍照！ No swimming! 禁止游泳。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Mike, ______ TV all the time. It's not good for your eyes. A．not watch B．doesn't watch C．don't watch D．isn't watch (2) ________ run in the yard, Tom. It is too dangerous. A．Do B．Don't C．Not D．Doesn't (3) ________ talk in the library. A．Don't B．Not C．No D．don't (4) Amy, never ________ any sweet food before going to bed, or you will get fat easily. A．eat B．eats C．eating D．to eat (5) You can't swim here. Don't you see the sign "No ________". A．swim B．swimming C．swims D．to swim (6) Lingling is reading, please ________. A．quite B．be quiet C．quiet D．be quite (7) Now, let's ________ school. A．go to B．to go C．to go to D．going to (8) Micheal, ________late for school. A．don't be B．doesn't be C．isn't D．don't 翻译句子。 (1) 请拨打685-6034这个号码找我。 (2) 今天天气不错。我们放学后去踢球吧。 (3) 不要熬夜，那对你的身体不好。 (4) 请把这本书给康康。 (5) 不要在走廊里跑。 (6) 请让我带领你们参观我们校园吧。 情态动词can, have to, must用法 1. 情态动词的基本用法 (1) 情态动词用于表明说话者的语气和情态，包括能力，可能，命令，要求，意愿，怀疑等。 (2) 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。有的情态动词没有时态变化，如must等。 She can play the guitar. 他会弹吉他。 We must finish the task before Tuesday. 我们必须在周二前完成这个任务。 (3) 情态动词不能单独做谓语，后面必须接动词原形。 Lucy may arrive there at 5 o'clock. 露西可能5点到那里。 Wang Fang can play soccer well. 王芳足球踢得很好。 2. 含情态动词的各种句式 (1) 陈述句 主语+情态动词(+not)+实义动词原型+其他。 含情态动词的肯定句变否定句的规则： · 在情态动词后加not。 · 句中有some，变为否定句时用any。 He can play basketball. 他会打篮球。 →He can't play basketball. 他不会打篮球。 (2) 一般疑问句 情态动词(+not)+主语+实义动词原型+其他? 含情态动词的陈述句变一般疑问句的规则： · 将情态动词提到句首，实义动词用原型。其他部分基本不变； · 若陈述句主语为第一人称，变为一般疑问句后要变成第二人称； · 若陈述句中含有some,变成一般疑问句后一般要变成any。 I must go there with him. 我必须和他一起去那里。 →Must you go there with him? 你必须和他一起去那里吗？ (3) 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+情态动词(+not)+主语+实义动词原型+其他? What can he do? 他会做什么？ When can you finish the task? 你什么时候能完成这项任务？ 3. 情态动词can的用法 (1) can的各种用法 · can用于表示能力，可译为“可以，能够，会”。 He can speak a little Chinese.他会说一点中文 Can Anna play volleyball. Anna会打排球吗？ · can用于表示请求。 Can you hand me the book? 你能把书递给我吗？ could也表示请求，语气比can更委婉。 Could you tell me your sister's telephone number? 你能告诉我你妹妹的电话号码吗？ · can用于表示许可。 You can't eat here. 你不能在这吃东西。 You can park your car here. 你可以在这停车。 (2) 含can的各种句式 · 陈述句：Sb. +can (+not) +动词原形+其他部分. can not可缩写为can't或cannot。 My grandpa can play chess. 我的爷爷会下国际象棋。 · 一般疑问句：Can +sb. +动词原形+其他部分？ 对于一般疑问句的回答： 肯定回答用Yes, sb. can. 有时也用Certainly. / Sure. / Of course. 等回答。 否定回答用No, sb. can't. 有时也用Sorry, I'm afraid you can't. (不好意思，恐怕不行。)等回答。 —Can Lucy come tomorrow? 露西明天能来吗？ —Yes, she can. 是的，她可以。 —Can we eat snacks in the class? 我们能在课堂上吃东西吗？ —No，we can't. 不，我们不能。 · 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ can sb.+动词原形+其他部分？ What can your sister do ? 你妹妹会做什么？ 4. 情态动词have to的用法 (1) 情态动词have to基本用法 · have to表示“不得不，必须”，表示客观情况所迫，不得不做某事。 I have to finish my homework first. 我必须先完成作业。 · have to可用于不同的时态，且有人称和数的变化。 一般现在时，主语不是第三人称单数时，用have to 结构。 一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用has to 结构。 一般过去时，用had to结构。 I have to finish my homework before 10 o'clock. 我必须在10点前完成我的作业。 Alice has to look after her sister on Sunday afternoon. 周日下午Alice必须照顾她的妹妹。 I had to look after my sister last Sunday. 上周日我得照顾我的妹妹。 (2) 一般现在时情况下have to的各种句式 · 陈述句：主语(+don't / doesn't)+have/has+to+实义动词原型+其他。 have to的否定式是在have前加don't或doesn't，表示“没有必要，不必”。 David has to practice the piano every day. 大卫必须每天练琴。 You don't have to clean your room every day. 你没有必要每天打扫房间。 · 一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+have+to+实义动词原型+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+do/does. 否定回答：No, 主语+ don't/doesn't (have to). 或 No,主语+ needn't. —Does he have to wear a uniform? 他必须船校服吗？ —Yes, he does. 是的。 —Do I have to leave now ? 我现在必须离开了吗？ —No, you don't (have to). / No, you don't need. 不，你不必。 5. 情态动词must的用法 (1) 情态动词must基本用法 · must意为“必须”，表示主观意愿，认为有必要或有义务做某事。 You must arrive before 5 p.m. 你必须5点前到达。 · must一般只表示现在，没有时态变化，也没有人称和数的变化。 She must do something about it. 对于此，她必须做点事情。 (2) must的各种句式变化 · 陈述句：主语+must (+not)+实义动词原型+其他。 must not可缩写为mustn't。 Lucy must tell her teacher the truth. 露西必须把事实告诉她的老师。 We mustn't run in the classroom. 我们一定不能在教室里跑。 · 一般疑问句：Must+主语+实义动词原型+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+must. 否定回答：No, 主语+ don't/doesn't have to. 或 No,主语+ needn't. —Must I arrive before 7 a.m. ?我必须早上7点前到吗？ —Yes, you must. 是的，你必须(7点前到)。 —Must we clean up the room tonight ? 我们必须今晚把房间打扫干净啊？ —No, you don't have to. / No ,you needn't. 不，你们没有必要。 (3) must与have to用法比较 · must通常表示主观意愿或看法，语气强烈；have to往往强调客观情况所迫，不得不做。 · must的否定式mustn't的否定式含义为“禁止，一定不能”。而have to的否定式含义为“没有必要，不必”。 · must没有时态，人称和数的变化；have则有时态，人称和数的变化。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Emma, ________ I use your eraser? —Of course, you can. Here you are. A．should B．must C．can D．need (2) I ________ go camping with you this time. I have some other things to do. A．can't B．shouldn't C．mustn't D．needn't (3) —_________ I swim here? —I'm sorry. Children _________ swim alone here. It's very dangerous. A．Must; can't B．May; shouldn't C．Can; mustn't D．Can; needn't (4) —Must I park my car behind the building? —No, you ________. You ________ park it here. A．mustn't; need B．don't have to; may C．may not; must D．needn't; must (5) —Do you ________ clean the classroom every day? —Yes. We usually clean it after class. A．have to B．has to C．must D．can (6) Tom can't come to your party because he ________ do his homework. A．doesn't have to B．can't C．mustn't D．has to (7) —Rules are rules! —That's true. We ________ follow them. A．can B．have to C．may D．must (8) These days in Xiaogan, you ________ wear a mask (口罩) when you get on the bus. A．must B．can't C．has to D．aren't (9) —________ your brother play the piano? —Yes, he can. A．Can B．Must C．Need D．Should (10) Nancy can't come here, because she ________ do her homework. A．has to B．can C．doesn't have to D．can't 按要求完成句子。 (1) Must I get there at 5:00? (作否定回答) (2) Tina has to practise the violin every evening. (改为一般疑问句) (3) Jimmy can make delicious dumplings.(改为否定句) (4) I can order the meal for Mike.(变为一般疑问句) (5) Lisa has to wear school uniform every day. (改为否定句) 翻译句子。 (1) 他们能给你讲故事。 (2) 你能带我参观一下你们学校的礼堂吗？ (3) 因为下雨，我们不得不待在宾馆里。(because of) (4) 我必须把车停在建筑物后面吗？ (5) 你没有必要给我们烧饭。 (6) 学生必须保持教室整洁。 2、 单元语法基础练习 单项填空 (1) Daniel, ________ football in the street. It's too dangerous. A．Play B．doesn't play C．don't play D．plays (2) ________ the window! It's so cold today. A．Not open B．Don't open C．Open D．Don't to open (3) ________ me a postcard when you get to Australia. Don't forget it! A．To send B．Sends C．Sending D．Send (4) —Amy, ___________ talking now. We are having a class! —Sorry, I won't. A．to stop B．stop C．stops D．stopping (5) ________ dressed now! We have to go right away (立刻). A．Getting B．To get C．Get D．Gets (6) Tony, ________ to take some photos of the pandas when you are at the Chengdu Panda Base. A．remember B．remembers C．to remember D．remembering (7) Let's ________ on Sunday. A．play basketball B．to play basketball C．play the basketball D．to play the basketball (8) —________ you play basketball, Mike? —No. But I am good at football. A．Can B．Need C．Should D．Must (9) The cat ________ climb trees but it ________ swim. A．can; can't B．can; don't C．does; isn't D．can; isn't (10) —________we bring phones to school? —No, we can't. A．Must B．Can C．Do D．Does (11) It's raining, so I ________ stay at home. A．can't B．have to C．has to D．am (12) —Must I do my homework now? —__________ You can do it tomorrow. A．No, you needn't. B．No, you mustn't. C．Yes, you must. D．No, you doesn't have to. (13) —Mom, can I watch TV this evening? —You ________ do your homework first. A．can B．will C．must D．shall (14) —Mom, can I go out to play now? —No, you ________ finish your homework first. A．have to B．can C．has to D．must (15) We ________ wait until the traffic light turns green when we cross the road. A．can B．need C．must D．may 3、 单元语法提升练习 1. 根据情境写句子(用祈使句或含情态动词的句子) (1) 在动物园，你看到Tom正准备给熊投喂面包，你可以这样对他说： ______________________________________________________________ (2) 你家附近有一条很深的河流，社区的工作人员准备在河边竖立一块警示牌，警示牌上可以这样写： ______________________________________________________________ (3) 在图书馆，有几位同学在交谈，并且声音很大，图书管理员可能会这样提醒他们： ______________________________________________________________ (4) 班会上，老师让同学们讨论制定一些班规，你会想出哪些班规呢？你写在下面：（至少3点） ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. 补全对话 (1) 根据下面对话中的情景，在每个空中填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。 A: Hi, Mary. B: Hi, Peter. Your school is great. Do you have many rules at your school? A:    1    . We have many school rules. B:     2    ? A: We can't run in the hallways and we can't fight with our classmates. B:     3    ? A: No, we can't eat in the classroom. We must eat in the dining hall. B:     4    ? A: Yes, we must. We can't be late for school. B:     5    ? A: I usually arrive at school at 8 o'clock. B: Oh, I see. (2) 根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。 A: Nice to meet you. My name's Li Lei. I'm new here and today is my first day at school. B:     1    . I'm Wang Jie. This is a great school, but there are a lot of rules. A:     2    ? B: First, we have to wear the school uniform every day. This is very important. A: I see.     3    ? B: You'd better not. Teachers think smartphones are not good for our study. A: Can I bring my music player to school? B:     4    . But you can't listen to music in the classroom or hallways. A: Oh, I see. Are there any other rules? B: What's more, you can't eat in the classroom. A: Thank you for telling me these, Wang Jie. B:     5    . 3. 短文填空 Jack is a middle school student. There are too many rules in his school. First, they must wear school     1     (uniform) on school days. They have to get to school on time. They can't arrive late     2     school. Second, they can't run in the classroom or in the hallways.     3     (three), they can't eat in the classroom, and they have to eat in the dining hall     4     outside. Fourth, they mustn't     5     (talk) loudly in the library. They must keep quiet. Fifth, they must     6     (clean) the classroom every day. Keep it clean. Don't make it     7     (tidy). Sixth, they can't bring the music players to school, and they can't listen to music in class,     8    . For boys, they must keep their     9     (hair) short. They can't have long hair. Jack says the rules are too strict. But they have to follow     10      (they) because they are good for them. 4. 任务型阅读  Every school has its rules. Believe it or not, there are a lot of different school rules all over the world. Here are some of them in different countries. Japanese schools always have strict rules. Most Japanese schools ask the students to wear school uniforms. In many Japanese schools, students can't go to the cinema without their parents. Some schools ask students not to leave home in the evening or play computer games at home. In the USA, students wear different shoes at school. They must wear indoor shoes at school every day because the shoes can keep the school clean and students won't fall down easily. We all know gum (口香糖) is hard to clean. So students in the USA can't eat it at school and take it to school. In the UK, schools have strict rules about hair. Students can't have strange hairstyles (发型) at school in the UK. But the students can have certain strange hairstyles in the World Cup years. 1. What kind of clothes should Japanese students wear at school? ______________________________________________________________ 2. When can't Japanese students leave home? ______________________________________________________________ 3. Why must American students wear indoor shoes at school? ______________________________________________________________ 4. What can't students in the USA eat at school? ______________________________________________________________ 5. In which country can't students have strange hairstyles at school, in the UK or in the USA? ______________________________________________________________ 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$