Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 核心知识点精讲精练 1(Section A)-2024-2025学年七年级英语下册教材核心知识全解（人教版2024）

Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 核心知识点精讲精练 1 (Section A) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A 包括本部分重点短语、重点词汇(包括重点的小学词汇)、语音知识、重难句型等核心知识点。 · 本资料包含数量丰富与多类型的随学随练，基础知识综合练习(填写单词，用适当形式填空等)与技能提升综合练习(阅读理解、完形填空，语篇填空等)。 · 本部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. *late for 迟到 2. *on time 准时 3. in the hallway 在走廊里 4. wear the school uniform 穿校服 5. use your phone 使用你的手机 6. in class 在课堂上 7. keep your school clean and tidy 保持学校干净整洁 8. be polite 有礼貌 9. treat everyone with respect 尊重每个人 10. put up 举起；张贴，公布；搭建 11. *have to 必须，不得不 12. follow rules 遵守规则 13. keep the rules 遵守规则 14. be good for 对...有好处 15. from Monday to Friday 从周一到周五 16. raise your hand 举手 17. have fun 玩得开心 18. in my locker 在我的储物柜里 19. at home 在家里 20. lend sb. sth. 借给某人某物 21. would like 想要 22. eat snacks 吃零食 23. *of course 当然 24. answer my phone 接电话 25. bring sth. to 把某物带到 26. *mobile phone 手机 27. *turn off 关掉(水、电或煤气) 28. thanks for doing... 感谢做... 29. You’re welcome. 不客气。 30. be special for 对...特别 31. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事 32. jump the queue 插队 33. feed my dog 喂我的狗 34. many kinds of food 各种食物 35. give him chocolate 给他巧克力 36. be bad for 对...有害 37. feel well 感觉良好 38. be absent from 缺席 39. look at 看 40. put on your seat belt 系上你的安全带 41. keep quiet 保持安静 42. make noise 制造噪音 2、 重点词汇解析(单词前标*为初中新学词汇) 1. *rule /ruːl/ n.规则，规章；习惯，常规；v.统治，控制 [词汇拓展] ruler (n.)尺子；统治者 [词汇搭配] follow/obey the rules 遵守规则；break a rule 违反规则；as a rule 一般来说，通常 rule off 把...排除在外；阻止，防止...发生 No rules, no order! 无规矩不成方圆。 [词汇例句] He makes it a rule never to borrow money. 他的规矩是从不向人借钱。 2. *order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ n. 秩序；顺序；整齐，条理；指示，命令；订购，订单；点菜；v.点菜；命令，要求；订购 [词汇拓展] orderly (adj.)井井有条的；守秩序的；disorder (n.)杂乱，混乱；失调，紊乱，疾病 [词汇搭配] in right order 按正确的顺序；in good order 井井有条；take one’s order点菜 in order to(后接动词原形)/in order that(后接句子) 为了，目的是 order ... to do...命令...去做...；order sb. around/round 支使，命令，使唤 [词汇例句] In order to learn English well, he listens to tape every morning.为了学好英语，他每天早 上都听磁带。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中order的中文意思。 (1) May I take your order ? (n.)点菜 (2) The dog can now understand my orders. (n.)指示，命令 (3) Williams ordered him to leave. (v.)命令，要求 (4) They ordered 200 storybooks. (v.)订购 (5) Write your names in alphabetic(字母的) order. (n.)顺序 (6) He keeps his room in good order. (n.)条理 (7) Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order . (n.)秩序 3. *follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ v.遵循；跟随；(指时间或顺序）在…后发生，因…而发生；接着是，然后是；循着，沿 着(道路、标志等)； 以…为原型;讲述…的故事；仿效，效仿 [词汇拓展] following(adj.)接下来的；下列的，下述的；follower(n.)追随者，拥护者 [词汇搭配] follow rules遵守规则；follow up对...采取进一步行动，...后接着 follow through把…进行到底；完成（开了头的事）；as follows如下 [词汇例句] It’s important to follow school rules . 遵守校规很重要。 My advice is as follows. 我的建议如下。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中follow的中文意思。 (1) He followed her into the house. 跟随 (2) Follow this road until you get to the school, then turn left. 循着，沿着(道路、标志等) (3) Why didn't you follow my advice ? 遵循 (4) The film follows the fortunes(命运) of two women. 以…为原型;讲述…的故事 (5) You should follow up your phone call with an email or a letter. 对...采取进一步行动，...后接着 4. late /leɪt/ adj. 迟到的，晚的；已故的；近日暮的，近深夜的；近末期，在晚年；adv. 迟地；近日暮，近深夜；接近末期，在晚年 [词汇拓展] later(adj.adv.)后来(的)，以后(的)；lately(adv.)近来，不久前 [词汇搭配] *late for迟到；in the late afternoon傍晚；in late summer夏末 her late husband她已故的丈夫；too late过迟，太晚；be too late为时已晚，已失时机 better late than never迟到总比不到好；迟发生总比不发生强 [词汇例句] My flight was an hour late. 我那趟航班晚点了一小时。 Can I stay up late tonight? 我今晚可以晚点儿睡吗？ Late that evening, there was a knock at the door.那天深夜，有人敲过门。 [词汇辨析] late/ later/ lately · late既可作形容词，也可用作副词。 · later可以作形容词或副词，表示“后来(的)，之后(的)”，也可以用作late的比较级。 I met her again three years later. 三年后我又遇见她了。 He arrived 5 minutes later than me. 他比我晚5分钟到达。 · lately只作副词，表示“近来，不久前”。 It's only lately that she's been well enough to go out. 她只是最近才康复，可出去走一走了。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —The driver arrived _________ and brought us a lot of trouble. —I’m sorry to hear that. I will tell our leader(领导) his problem _________. A．lately; later B．later; late C．late; lately D．late; later 【答案】D 【详解】句意:--司机来晚了，给我们带来了很多麻烦。--听到这个消息我很抱歉。稍后我会告诉我们的领导他的问题。考查副词辨析。lately最近;later稍后;late晚地，根据The driver arrived... and brought us a lot of trouble.可知，第一空表示司机来晚了，故第一空填late。根据I will tell our leader his problem…可知，这是一个一般将来时结构的句子，第二空应填later作时间状语。故选D。 (2) He got up _________this morning, so he was _________for school. A．lately; later B．later; late C．late; lately D．late; late 【答案】D 【详解】句意:--他今天早上起床晚了，所以他上学迟到了。 考查形容词副词辨析。lately最近;later(adj.)后来(的)，之后(的);late(adj./adv.)迟(的)，晚(的)，根据句意，第一空表示“起床晚了”，用副词“晚地”修饰get up，故填late；第二空表示“迟到了”，填形容词“晚的”，故填late。故选D。 5. *arrive /əˈraɪv/ v.到达 [词汇拓展] arrival(n.)到达 [词汇搭配] arrive at/in到达 [词汇辨析] arrive/get/reach · arrive是不及物动词，后接地点时，要加介词。一般后接小地点，用at，后接大地点，用in。 I'll wait until they arrive. 我会一直等到他们来。 She'll arrive in New York at noon.她将在正午抵达纽约。 · get表示到达时，通常与介词to连用，后接地点。 When did you get to school? 你什么时候到学校的？ · reach是及物动词，后直接跟地点。 I hope this letter reaches you.我希望你能收到这封信。 · 注意：这三个词都可以表示“到达”，后接表地点的副词home,here,there时，都不要介词。 We arrived/get/reached here at about half past nine. 我们大概九点半到这的。 [随学随练] (1) —How long did it take the first climber _________ the top of the mountain? —At most two hours. It’s certain that he is the best at climbing of all. A．arriving B．getting to C．to arrive in D．to reach 【答案】D 【详解】句意:--第一个登山者花了多长时间到达山顶?--最多两个小时。毫无疑问，他是所有人中最擅长攀岩的。 考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。arrive到达，后接地点时，常接介词at或in;get to到达;arrive in到达，后加大地点;reach到达，其后直接接地点。根据“Tow long did it take the first climber"可知，it takes sb+时间+to do sth.“做某事花费某人….时间”，故空格处应用动词不定式，排除选项A和B;根据“the top of the mountain"可知，此处为小地点，故不能用arrive in。故选D。 (2) —Do you know when Mr Li will ________ tomorrow? —When he ________ our school, I’ll tell you. A．arrive, arrive in B．reach, reaches C．arrive, reaches D．reach, arrive at 【答案】C 【详解】句意:--你知道李先生明天什么时候到吗?-当他到达我们学校时，我会告诉你。 考查动词和动词短语及主谓一致。arrive到达，不及物动词;reach到达，及物动词;arrive in到达，通常用于表示到达一个大范围的地点;arrive at到达，通常用于表示到达一个小范围的地点。分析句子结构可知，第一个空用不及物动词;第二个空用及物动词或动词短语，根据主语“he”可知，此处用三单形式。故选C。 6. *on time /ɒn taɪm/ 准时 [词汇搭配] in time及时；经过一段时间之后；at the same time同时；from time to time偶尔,有时 at times有时,间或；over time久而久之；all the time一直，总是 at a time每次；逐一；依次 [随学随练] 用time的短语翻译句子或补全句子。 (1) 她偶尔周末还得工作。 She has to work at weekends from time to time(at times). (2) 他的球一直在床下面。 His ball is under the bed all the time. (3) Dally 每天都准时到校。 Dally arrives at school on time every time. (4) 他很强壮，能同时拿起两个箱子。 He is strong and can pick up two boxes at the same time. (5) 校车一次最多(at most)能载20名学生。 The school bus can carry twenty students at most at a time. (6) 虽然下大雨，但他及时到达了那里。 Though it rained heavily, he arrived there in time. 7. *litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ v.乱扔；使凌乱；n.垃圾；杂乱的一堆 [词汇搭配] Don’t litter!不要乱扔垃圾。be littered with...充满，到处都是 [词汇例句] Broken glass littered the streets.街上到处是玻璃碎片。 The floor was littered with papers. 地板上乱七八糟扔了许多报纸。 8. phone /fəʊn/n. 电话；v.打电话 [词汇拓展] telephone(n.)电话 [词汇搭配] make a phone call打电话；on the phone 通过电话 [词汇例句] They like to do business by phone/over the phone .他们喜欢用电话 / 在电话上谈生意。 Could you phone back later?您过一会儿再打电话来好吗？ 9. *polite /pəˈlaɪt/ adj.有礼貌的 [词汇拓展] politely (adv.) 礼貌地；impolite (adj.)不礼貌的；impolitely(adv.)不礼貌地； rude (adj.)粗鲁的 [词汇例句] Please be polite to our guests. 请礼貌待客。 [随学随练] 用polite适当适当形式填空。 (1) It’s impolite to go into your teachers’ office without knocking(敲) at the door. (2) It is very important to learn how to ask for help politely. (3) He is a polite and kind student at school, but he doesn’t speak to his mum politely at home. 10. *treat /triːt/ v. 对待；招待；治疗；(n.)招待，请客 [词汇拓展] treatable(adj.) 能治疗的；可治愈的；treatment(n.)对待；治疗，疗法；处理 [词汇搭配] treat everyone with respect尊重每个人；treat sb. to sth.请某人吃...，招待... treat...as...把...看做... [随学随练] 写出下列句子中treat的中文意思。 (1) Treat your keyboard with care and it should last for years. (v.)对待，看待 (2) She treated him to lunch. (v.)请客，款待，招待 (3) We took the kids to the zoo as a special treat . (n.)请客，招待 (4) No one knows how to treat the special disease(疾病). (v.)治疗 (5) Treating waste water is a good way to provide fresh water for us.  (v.)处理 11. *respect /rɪˈspekt/ n.尊敬；（事物的）方面，细节；v. 尊敬 [词汇拓展] disrespect(n.)不尊敬；无礼；respectful (adj.)表示敬意的，尊敬的 respected(adj.)受尊敬的；respectable (adj.)体面的，值得尊敬的 [词汇搭配] show respect for...表示尊重，尊敬；have no respect for...不尊重 in respect of sth关于；就…而言 [词汇例句] I have the greatest respect for your brother.我非常尊敬你的哥哥。 I respect Jack's opinion on most subjects.在大多数事情上，我尊重杰克的意见。 12. hand /hænd/ n.手；帮助；v. 交，递，给 [词汇拓展] handy (adj.)有用的，方便的；手边的，附近的 [词汇搭配] put up/raise your hand举起你的手；give/lend sb. a hand帮助某人；by hand手工地 hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联；hand sth. to sb.=hand sb. sth.把某物递给某人 hand in上交，提交；hand out分发；hand over把...正式交给... [词汇例句] She handed the letter to me. 她把信交给我。 Ian placed a hand on her shoulder.伊恩把一只手搭在她的肩上。 [随学随练] 用hand翻译句子。 (1) 在你回答问题前要举手。 Put up your hand before answering a question. (2) 让我来帮你。 Let me give you a hand. (3) 我妈妈手工做的这些蛋糕。 My mum made these cakes by hand. (4) 你能把英语书递给我吗？ Could you hand me the English book? (5) 你们必须在下周一前把作业交上来。 You must hand in your homework before next Monday. (6) 请把这些书发给大家好吗？ Could you hand these books out, please? 13. must /mʌst , məst/ modal v.必须；(n.) 必须做（或看、买等）的事 [词汇用法] · must用作情态动词，表示“必须，一定”，后接动词原形。其否定形式mustn’t，通常表示“禁止，一定不能”。 I must go to the bank and get some money.我得上银行取点儿钱。 Cars must not park in front of the entrance . 车辆不得停在入口处。 · 对于must的一般疑问句，回答是，肯定回答用must，否定回答用don’t have to或needn’t。 —Do we have to finish this today? —Yes, you must. / No , you don’t have to. 对，必须完成。/ 不，没有必要。 · must也可以用作名词，表示“必须要做(要看等)的事”。 Eating zongzi is a must on Dragon Boat Festival. 端午节一定要吃粽子。 [随学随练] 用must翻译下列句子。 (1) 你一定会非常想念你的家人。 You must miss your family so much. (2) 这本书一定是Linda的。 The book is must Linda’s. (3) 我们禁止在红灯时过马路。 We mustn’t cross the road at red light. (4) 游览黄山是你待在安徽期间必须要做的事。 Visiting Huangshan Mountain is a must during your stay in Anhui. 14. *everything /ˈevriθɪŋ/ pron.每件事 [词汇拓展] something(pron.)某事，某物；anything(pron.)某事，某物；任何事，任何物 nothing(pron.)没有东西 [词汇搭配] and everything以及其他；等等 [词汇例句] She told me about the baby and everything.她向我讲了小宝宝和其他的情况。 [词汇用法] · something, anything, everything, nothing使由some-/any-/every-/no-与thing构成的单词，称为复合不定代词。复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Everything is ready.一切都准备好了。 · something用于肯定句或表示期望得到肯定答复的疑问句；anything一般用于否定句或疑问句，用于肯定句则表示“任何事，任何物”或“随便哪个事物”；everything表示“每件事，所有事情”；nothing表示“没有东西”。 · 修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在它们后面。 There’s nothing interesting in today’s newspaper. 今天报纸没什么有趣的事。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Why are you so excited? —Because I read ________ in the newspaper. A．funny something B．something funny C．everything funny D．funny everything 【答案】B 【详解】句意:--你为什么这么兴奋?--因为我在报纸上读到了一些有趣的东西。 考查不定代词。something某事;everything所有事。funny“有趣的”，是形容词。根据语境可知，此处指“某些事”，因此用something;形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词的后面。故选B。 (2) Everything ________ going on well. A．is B．are C．am D．be 【答案】A 【详解】句意:一切都很顺利。 考查主谓一致。本句时态是现在进行时，主语是“Everything”，be动词用is。故选A。 15. *lend /lend/ v.借给；借出；给予，提供（帮助、支持等） [词汇拓展] <过去式>lent；borrow (v.)借入 [词汇搭配] lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物 lend (sb) a (helping) hand (with sth)帮助；援助；搭把手 [词汇例句] I went over to see if I could lend a hand.我过去看我能不能帮上忙。 [词汇辨析] lend / borrow · lend表示“借出”，常用搭配为：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物。 I lent my dictionary to my classmate. 我把词典借给我同学了。 · borrow表示“借入”，常用搭配为：borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借入某物。 Can I borrow a pen from you?我可以借用你的钢笔吗？ · keep可以表示“保存”，可以与持续的时间段连用；borrow与lend不能这样用。 You can keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借(保存)2个礼拜。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Can I ________ your pen, Tom? —Sorry. I’m using it , so I can’t _________ it to you. A．borrow, borrow B．lend, lend C．borrow, lend D．lend, borrow 【答案】C 【详解】句意:--汤姆，我能借你的钢笔吗?--抱歉。我正在用它，所以我不能把它借给你。 考查动词辨析。borrow借入;lend借出。根据“Sorry.1'musingi"可知，第一个空，句子表达的是说话者 想从汤姆那里借入钢笔，所以用borrow;第二个空，汤姆表示自己正在用，不能把钢笔借给对方，是借 出的意思，要用lend，故选C。 (2) —Can I ________ a book from you? —Certainly. But you mustn’t ________ it to others. And please remember you can only ________ it for a week. A．borrow; lend; borrow B．lend; borrow; keep C．lend; lend; keep D．borrow; lend; keep 【答案】D 【详解】句意:--我能向你借本书吗?--当然可以。但是你不能把它借给别人。请记住你只能借一个星期。考查动词辨析。borrow借来;lend借出;keep保管。第一处borrow sth from sb向某人借某物，第二处lend sth to sb把某物借给某人;第三处根据“for a week"可知，强调延续，用延续性动词keep表示保管。故选D。 16. *sweet /swiːt/ n.糖果；adj.甜的；香的，芳香的；悦耳的，好听的；令人愉快的，惬意的；温和的，善良的 [词汇拓展] sweetly(adv.)令人愉快地；sweetness(n.)令人愉快；甜 [词汇搭配] sweet food甜食；a sweet voice甜润的嗓音；have a sweet tooth爱吃甜食 [词汇例句] Goodnight. Sweet dreams .晚安。祝你做个甜蜜的梦。 Her voice was as soft and sweet as a young girl's.她的声音如少女般柔美悦耳。 17. fruit /fru:t/n.水果；成果，硕果；v. (树或花草)结果 [词汇拓展] fruitful (adj.)成果丰硕的；富有成效的 [词汇搭配] fruit trees果树；fruit juice果汁；the fruit of ...成果，结果 bear fruit 成功，取得成果 [词汇用法] · fruit泛指“水果”，一般用作不可数名词；表示种类时，用作可数名词。 Eat more fruit and vegetables. 多吃些水果和蔬菜。 There are many kind of fruits in the little shop. 这个小店有很多种类的水果。 · fruit表示“成果，硕果”，用作可数名词。 The team have really worked hard and Mansell is enjoying the fruits of that labour.这支队伍真正付出 了辛劳，而曼塞尔正在享受着这种辛劳的成果。 18. bring /brɪŋ/ v.带来；导致，引起；使处于（…状态或环境） [词汇拓展] <过去式> brought [词汇搭配] bring about导致，引起；bring back 归还；使想起；bring out 使显现；bring up抚养 [词汇例句] Don't forget to bring your books with you.别忘了把书带来。 The news brought tears to his eyes (= made him cry) .这个消息使他不禁流下泪来。 [随学随练] [词汇辨析] bring / take / fetch / get / carry · bring 指从别处把某人或某物带到说话人所在或所说之处。 Don't forget to bring your books with you. 别忘了把书带来。 · take 指从说话人所在或所说之处把某人或某物带走，侧重方向，与 bring 的方向正相反。 May I take the letter to her?我能把信给她带去吗？ · fetch 指去取了某物或带上某人再返回原处，即一往一返，相当于 go and bring，但有时也可说 go and fetch，意思和 fetch 并无不同。 Please fetch me my coat. 请把我的大衣拿来。 · get 指从别处带来或拿来，常可与 fetch 换用，但语气较随便，多用于口语。 Get/fetch me some water. 去给我打点水。 · carry 表示携带，不强调方向性。也可以表示把(某物或某人)带至(新的地点或位置)。 She carried her baby in her arms. 她怀里抱着她的宝宝。 Sandy carried the box to the second floor. 桑迪把箱子拿到了二楼。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Remember ______ your books when you leave. A．to bring B．bringing C．taking D．to take 【答案】D 【详解】句意:当你离开时，记得把你的书带走。 考查非谓语动词与动词辨析。remember doing sth,意为“记得做过某事”，remember to do sth.意为“记得要去做某事”。bring指从别处带到说话者跟前;take指从说话处带走。根据“when you leave”可知是离开的时候记得带走某物，take符合，空格处用动词不定式，故选D。 (2) Please ________ the old box out and ________ the new one here. A．bring, take B．take, carry C．bring, carry D．take, bring 【答案】D 【详解】句意:请把旧盒子拿出来，把新盒子带到这里， 考查动词辨析。bring带来，由远到近;take拿，由近到远;carry携带。根据题干，此处是固定短语take sth out表示“拿某物出来”，第一个空用take;第二空根据“here”可知是带到这里，应用bring。故选D。 19. *mobile /ˈməʊbaɪl/ adj.可移动的；出行方便的，腿脚灵便的 [词汇搭配] *mobile phone手机；a mobile library流动图书馆 [词汇例句] 5G will not just bring faster mobile Internet. People can use it for many other things, too.  5G不仅会带来更快的移动互联网。人们也可以将其用于许多其他用途。 20. turn /tɜ:n/(v.) (使)旋转，转动；翻转，翻(书页)；扭转(身体部位)；转弯，(使)改变方向；对准，朝着；变成，成为；到达，超过(某一年龄或时间)；(n.)轮流 [词汇搭配] *turn off 关掉(水、电或煤气)；turn on打开，接通电源；turn up 出现，露面；调高 turn down调低；turn...into...将...变成...；turn into...变成... turn left/right 向左转/向右转；turn to...(for...) 向...寻求(建议，帮助等) take turns轮流 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中turn的中文意思。 (1) She turns 21 in June. 到达，超过(某一年龄或时间) (2) He turned the key in the lock(锁). (使)旋转，转动 (3) She turned to look at me. 扭转(身体部位) (4) I turned the car into the car park. 转弯，(使)改变方向 (5) The leaves(树叶) were turning brown. 变成，成为 (6) Now, it’s my turn. (n.)轮流 单项填空。 (1) —Why did you ________ Laura’s invitation(邀请)? —Because I had to study for my coming test. I had no time. A．turn down B．turn on C．turn up D．turn off 【答案】A 【详解】句意:--你为什么拒绝Laura的邀请?--因为我必须为即将到来的考试而学习。我没有时间。考查动词短语辨析。turn down拒绝，调小;tum on打开;turn up出现，调大;turn off关闭。根据“Because I had to study for my coming test.I had no time.”可知，因为要准备考试没时间去，故空处是指“拒绝”Laura的邀请。故选A。 (2) —Could you help me work out this math problem? —I’m afraid I can’t. Let’s ________ our math teacher. A．turn off B．turn on C．turn to D．turn into 【答案】C 【详解】句意:--你能帮我解出这道数学题吗?--恐怕不行。让我们向我们的数学老师寻求帮助吧。考查动词短语。turn off关闭;turn on打开;turn to向...寻求帮助;turn into变成。根据问句“Could you help me work out this math problem?”和前文答语“I'm afraid I can’t.”可知，此处应该是向数学老师寻求帮助。故选C。 21. off /ɒf/ adv./prep. 离开；(切)断；(停)止；不工作，休息；减价，削价 [词汇搭配] be well off 经济比较宽裕；cut off切除，切掉；go off(闹钟等)响了；走开，离开 take off 脱下；起飞；put off推迟，延迟；show off炫耀；fall off从...掉下来 see off送别 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Let's go out for dinner. —Great! But Clean -Up Day is two weeks from now. We can't ________making a plan. A．take off B．see off C．put off D．cut off 【答案】C 【详解】句意:--让我们出去吃晚饭吧。--太好了!但是从现在开始两周后就是大扫除日了。我们不能推迟制定计划了。 考查短语辨析。A.take of起飞，脱掉;B.see of送别;C.put o升推迟，拖延;D.cut of切断，切掉。put off doing sth.推迟做某事，拖延做某事;根据“制定计划”可知是填“put off”。故选C。 (2) — If you feel warm enough, you can ________ the heater(加热器). — OK, thanks for reminding that. A．turn off B．take off C．put off D．get off 【答案】A 【详解】句意:-如果你感到足够温暖，你可以关掉加热器。-好的，谢谢提醒。 考查短语辨析。turn off关闭;fall off从...掉下来;show off炫耀;get off下车。根据对话的意思可知应选 A。 22. jump /dʒʌmp/ v.跳；n. 跳 [词汇搭配] *jump the queue 插队；high jump跳高；long jump跳远 [词汇例句] He jumped to his feet when they called his name. 他们叫到他的名字时他一下子就站了起来。 23. *feed /fiːd/ v. 喂养:饲养；养，养活(全家、一群人)；把…放进机器；(婴儿或动物) 进食；n. 丰盛的一餐 [词汇拓展]<过去式> fed ；feeding (n.)喂食，饲养 [词汇搭配] feed my dog喂我的狗；feed on 以...为食；feed sth. to.../ feed...(on) sth. 给...食物 feed A with B 把B放进A；feed back反馈 [词汇例句] They have a large family to feed. 他们要养活一大家人。 They needed a bath and a good feed.他们需要洗个澡，饱餐一顿。 24. *leave/li:v/ (v.) 离开；留下；使保留，让…处于（某种状态、某地等）；忘了带，丢下 [词汇拓展] <过去式>left ；<动词-ing> leaving [词汇搭配] leave for ...离开去(某地) ；leave out 不包括，不提及 [词汇例句] The plane leaves for Dallas at 12.35.飞机于12:35起飞前往达拉斯。 Leave the door open, please.请把门开着吧。 Is there any coffee left? 还有咖啡剩下吗？ 25. bad /bæd/ adj.不好的;坏的 [词汇变形] badly (adv.) 坏地，差地；很，非常 [词汇搭配] be bad for...对...有害；be bad at...不擅长，不善于；not bad 不错，比预料的好 [词汇例句] I'm having a really bad day.我今天倒霉透了。 26. *absent /ˈæbsənt/ adj.缺席的，不在的；心不在焉的，出神的 [词汇拓展] absence (n.) 缺席 [词汇搭配] *absent from 缺席；不在 [词汇例句] He was absent from school yesterday. 他昨天没来上课。 27. *quietly /ˈkwaɪətli/ adv.轻声地；安静地 [词汇拓展] quiet (adj.)轻声的，安静的 [词汇搭配] talk quietly 轻声交谈；keep quiet保持安静 [词汇例句] He closed the door quietly. 他悄悄地关上了门。 [随学随练] 单项填空。  She looks ________, and I often see her sit in the classroom ________. A．quiet; quiet B．quietly; quietly C．quiet; quietly D．quietly; quiet 【答案】C 【详解】句意:她看起来很安静，我经常看到她静静地坐在教室里。 考查形容词与副词。quiet安静的，形容词;quietly安静地，副词，look是系动词，后接形容词作表语;动词sit in the classroom用副词来修饰。故选C。 28. *belt /belt/ n.安全带；腰带，皮带；地带 [词汇拓展] lifebelt(n.)救生圈 [词汇搭配] put on your seat belt系上你的安全带；green belt （城市周围的）绿化地带 [词汇例句] He wears a black belt. 他系了一条黑色的皮带。 29. *noise /nɔɪz/ n.声音；噪声 [词汇拓展] noisy (adj.)吵闹的 [词汇搭配] make noise制造噪声 [词汇辨析] noise / sound / voice · noise通常指噪音，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 Try not to make so much noise.别那么吵吵闹闹的。 What a terrible noise!多么令人讨厌的噪音啊！ · sound泛指可以听到的声音或响声，用作可数名词。 sound还可以作动词，表示“听起来...”。 the different sounds and smells of the forest森林里的各种声音、各种气息 Your idea sounds interesting. 你的主意听起来很有趣。 · voice指嘴发出的声音，人的说话声或唱歌声。 I could hear voices in the next room.我能听到隔壁说话的声音。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) It’s difficult to hear your ________ because the ________ of traffic is too high. A．voice; noise B．sound; voice C．noise; sound D．noise; voice 【答案】A 【详解】句意:很难听到你的声音，因为交通噪音太大了。 考查名词辨析。voice嗓音(指人说话或唱歌的声音);noise噪音(指的是令人心烦、不和谐的嘈杂声或响声);sound声音(泛指切可听到的声音)。根据“It's difficult to hear you”可知，此处表示人说话的声音，空处应voice; “the...of traffic”表示交通的嘈杂声，空处应是noise。故选A。 (2) Taylor Swift has a beautiful ________ and her songs ________ comfortable(舒服的). A．voice; sound B．noise; sound C．sound; noise D．voice; noise 【答案】A 【详解】句意:Taylor Swift 有一副优美的嗓音，她的歌听起来很舒服。 考查名词及动词的辨析。voice嗓音;sound作名词，自然界一切声音;作连系动词，听起来;noise音;根据“and he songs...comfortable.”可知，此处是有优美的噪音，用voice，排除BC;第二空是缺少动词，用sound，排除D，故选A。 3、 重难句型解析 1. 谈论学校规则的句型 谈论规则时常用祈使句，有以动词原形开头的肯定式，或者don’t+动词原形开头的否定式。 谈论规则时，有时也用含情态动词can，must，have或者它们的否定形式的句型。 有关祈使句和情态动词的用法，详见核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar)语法部分。 (1) Don’t+动词原型开头的祈使句 · Don’t be late for school. Arrive on time.不要上学迟到。按时到达。 · Don’t run in the hallways.不要在走廊里跑。 · Don’t eat in the classroom.不要在教室里吃东西。 · Don't litter.不要乱扔垃圾。 (2) 动词原型开头的祈使句 · Wear the school uniform. 穿校服。 · Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 要有礼貌，尊重每个人。 · Put up your hands if you want to ask your teacher a question.如果你想问老师问题，请举手。 (3) 含情态动词的句型 · We can’t eat snacks in class.我们不能在课堂上吃零食。 · We mustn’t bring out mobile phones to class. We have to turn them off and keep them in our lockers. 我们不能把手机带到课堂上。我们必须关掉手机并把它们放在储物柜里。 2. 其他句型解析 · Put up your hands if you want to ask your teacher a question.如果你想问老师问题，请举手。 此句中put up your hands是一个祈使句。if you want...a question是if引导的一个条件状语从句。 if意为“如果”，可以引导状语从句，表示主句动词发生的条件。 if引导条件状语从句时，如果主句是祈使句，主句含有情态动词或主句是一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 如：We’ll have a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们将会去野餐。 You can ask your teacher for help if you have some questions. 如果你有问题，你可以向你的老 师求助。 [随学随练] 翻译句子。 (1) 如果你找不到你的钢笔，你可以用我的。 If you can’t find your pen, you can use mine. (2) 如果明天不下雨，我们就去徒步。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go hiking. · Is everything OK? 一切都好吗？ 此句是一句日常常用语，询问对方情况或事物进展的状态。 回答时可以用：It’s OK. 不错，很好/ Pretty good. 相当不错/Not bad. 还行 类似表达有：How is everything (going)? · Would you like a sweet? 你想要个糖果吗？ Would you like...? 用来询问对方是否需要什么或想要做什么。 如：Would you like some bread ? 你想要点面包吗？(注意用some，不用any) Would you like...? 也可用于表示礼貌的请求、建议，或征求意见与看法。 如：Would you like to have a walk ? 你想要去散步吗？ Would you like to go shopping with me?你愿意和我去购物吗？ [随学随练] 翻译句子 你想要点蔬菜吗？ Would you like some vegetables? 你愿意放学后和我们一起打篮球吗？ Would you like to play basketball with us after school? 4、 单元语音学习 1. 字母e与ea，ee，ear字母组合发音 (1) 字母e的常见发音 · 字母e在重读开音节中发字母音/i:/。 如：he/hi:/ ; me/mi:/ ; these/ði:z/ · 字母e在重读闭音节发短音/e/。 如：lend/lend/ ; hen/hen/ ; next /nekst/ ; respect/rɪˈspekt/ · 字母e在非重读音节中常发/ə/或/ɪ/ 如：moment/ˈməʊmənt/ ; honest/'ɒnɪst/ ; eraser/ɪˈreɪzə(r)/ ; eleven/ɪˈlevn/ (2) 字母组合ea，ee，ear的发音 · 字母组合ea常发/i:/和/e/，有时发/ɪə/和/eɪ/。 如：meat/mi:t/ ; peach/pi:tʃ/ ; clean/kli:n/ ; teacher/ˈti:tʃə(r)/ bread/bred/ ; sweater/ˈswetə(r)/ ; health/helθ/ ; heavy/ˈhevi/ idea/aɪˈdɪə/ great/ɡreɪt/ ; break/breɪk/ · 字母组合ee常发/i:/。 如：bee/bi:/ ; feet/fi:t/ ; sheep/ʃi:p/ ; beef/bi:f/ · 字母组合ear常发/ɪə/和/eə/，有时发/ɜ:/。 如：hear/hɪə(r)/ ; near /nɪə(r)/ ; dear/dɪə(r)/(多数词尾发/ɪə/) bear/beə(r)/ ; pear/peə(r)/ ; wear/weə(r)/(前有b,p,w常发/eə/) learn/lɜ:n/ ; early/ˈɜ:li/ ; search /sɜ:tʃ/(后有辅音常发/ɜ:/，特殊情况heart/hɑ:t/) 2. 句子重音 (1) 在连贯言语中，有一部分单词是重读的，其余的单词不重读，这种现象叫句子重音。 (2) 一般来说，动词、名词、形容词等表示实际意义的实词要重读，冠词、介词、连词等虚词一般不重读。 如：'Lucy 'goes to 'school at 'half past ' seven. (3) 当说话人想强调句子中的某个细节时，例如想要反驳或纠正对方某个观点，或者强调句中细节信息对比时，可以加重关于该细节的单词读音。 如：Tom is 'driving my 'car.（正常重读） Tom is 'driving 'my 'car.（强调我的车，而不是其他人的） 'Tom is 'driving my 'car.（强调是Tom开车，而不是别人） 5、 基础知识综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Everyone should follow the rules(遵守规则) at school. (2) We must arrive at the hospital (到达医院)on time(准时). (3) He was late for(迟到) work this morning. And he didn’t wear the uniform(制服).He only wore a jacket(夹克衫). (4) He is a polite(有礼貌的) person and always treat everyone with respect(尊重每个人). (5) Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order(秩序). (6) There will be fines for people who drop litter (垃圾). (7) Can you lend me your mobile phone(把你的手机借给我)? (8) Do you eat sweets(糖果), cakes or sugary snacks(小吃)? (9) Turn off(关闭) the radio and don’t make noise(制造噪声). (10) Tom was absent from(缺席) class yesterday. (11) Sally always helps her mum to feed / feed(喂养) the cows. (12) The Browns plan to leave(离开) for Xiamen tomorrow. (13) He walked quietly(轻声地) into his room to take his belt(腰带). (14) The boy wanted to jump the queue(插队).But finally he didn’t do that. (15) If you have a question, please put up your hand (举起你的手)and wait for the teacher to call on you. (16) Before starting the car, remember to put on your seat belt(系上你的安全带) for safety. 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) The night was very quiet (quiet) . He took off his shoes quietly (quiet) . (2) The policeman ordered the man to leave(leave) the scene(现场). (3) I can lend my dictionary to you. (4) Must we bring (bring) our all our books to the classroom? (5) He has to feed (feed) the sheep. (6) Is David always absent from school? (7) Don’t stay up late (late). Or you’ll be late (late) for school tomorrow. (8) He treats everyone around him with kindness and respect. (9) Jumping the queue is impolite (polite). (10) Can’t the boys eat (eat) in the room? (11) The noisy (noise) bird is making so much noise (noise) . (12) I’d like to thank Ms Chen for helping(help) me with my English. 3. 单项填空。 (1) —Sarah, did you ________ the virtual (虚拟) office meeting room on time this morning? —Yes. I had a little trouble(麻烦) finding the right link at first, but I ________ just before it started. A．get; arrived B．get to; arrived C．get; arrived at D．get to; arrived at 【答案】B 【详解】句意:--萨拉，你今天早上按时到了虑拟办公会议室吗?--是的，我刚开始找不到正确的链接，但我在它开始之前刚好到了。 考查动词辨析。get o表示“到达”，后接地点名词;get后接地点副词。arrive“到达”，是不及物动词;arrive at后接地点名词。第一空后“the virtual(虚拟) office meeting room”是地点名词，用get to。第二空后无名词，用arrive。故选B。 (2) He arrived ________ Tianjin half an hour ago. So he will arrive ________ home soon. A．in;at B．in; / C．/; at D．to; in 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他半小时前到达天津。所以他很快就到家了， 考查介词辨析。arrive in后接大地点，arrive at后接小地点。第一空，Tianjin(天津)是一个城市名，应该使用"arrive in”。第二空,home是一个副词，表示“家”的地点时，前面不需要加任何介词。因此，第二个空应该填”"”。故选B。 (3) The lights are still on in the lab. Please remember ________ before leaving. A．turning them off B．to turn them off C．turning off them D．to turn off them 【答案】B 【详解】句意:实验室的灯还亮着。离开前请记得把它们关掉。 考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth记得去做某事;remember doing sh记得做过某事。根据"The lights are still on in the lab."可知，记得要关灯，应用动词不定式作宾语;turn of是动词+副词短语，代词宾格应放在中间，故选B。 (4) It is ________ important rule to wear ________ uniform on school days. A．a; an B．a; a C．an; an D．an; a 【答案】D 【详解】句意:在上学的日子里穿制服是一条重要的规则。 考查a和an的区别。important以元音音素开头，用an;uniform以辅音音素开头，用a。故选D。 (5) It’s a rule that we ________ keep quiet when reading in the library. A．may B．must C．can’t D．mustn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在图书馆读书时必须保持安静，这是规定 考查情态动词。may可以，可能;must必须;can“t不能;mustn’t禁止，根据“It's a rule that we...keep quiet when reading in the library.”可知，此处强调必须保持安静，应用must。故选B。 (6) I want to ________ the CD from you. Please ________ it here tomorrow. A．borrow; take B．borrow; bring C．lend; take D．lend; bring 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我想向你借这张CD。请明天把它带来。 考查动词辨析。borrow借进;lend借出;take带走;bring带来，第一个空是指从你那借CD，固定用法borrow sth.from sb.“从某人借某物”，所以用borrow;第二个空是指把它带到这来，用bring。故选B。 (7) If you don’t listen to your teacher ________, he will be ________. A．care, happy B．careful, happily C．carefully, unhappy D．carefully, happy 【答案】C 【详解】句意:如果你不认真听老师的话，他会不高兴的。 考查词义辨析。care关心，名词;careful认真的，形容词;carefully认真地，副词;happy开心的，形容词;happily开心地，副词;unhappy不开心的，形容词。空一处修饰动词短语“listen to”，需用副词carefully，可排除AB选项;根据常识可知，不认真听课，老师会不开心的。故选C。 (8) In order to be ________, you must pay attention to the language you use. A．absent B．polite C．mobile D．quiet 【答案】B 【详解】句意:为了礼貌，你必须注意你使用的语言。 考查词义辨析。absent缺席的;polite礼貌的;mobile可移动的;quiet安静的。根据句意，“你必须注意你使用的语言”的目的是“为了礼貌”最为恰当，空格处应填polite。故选B。 (9) —Would you mind if I borrow your pen? — ________. Here you are. A．Yes, of course B．No, not at all C．No, thanks D．You’re welcome 【答案】B 【详解】句意:--你介意我借用一下你的笔吗?--不，一点也不介意。给你。 考查情景交际。Yes,of course是的，当然;No,not at all不，一点也不;No,thanks不，谢谢;You’re welcome不用谢。根据“Here you are.”可知，此处表示不介意借笔，应用No,not at all进行回答。故选B。 (10) It’s very important for students to________teachers and classmates. A．leave B．follow C．respect D．feed 【答案】C 【详解】句意:对于学生们来说，尊重老师和同学们是非常重要的。 考查词义辨析。leave离开;follow遵守，跟随;respect尊重;feed喂养。根据句意“对于学生们来说，...老师和同学们是非常重要的”，空格处填“尊重”最为恰当，所以填respect。故选C。 6、 技能提升综合练习 1. 根据情境写句子。 (1) 你想知道可不可以在教室里吃食物，你可以这样询问你的同学Anne? 【参考答案】 Hello, Anne. Can we eat food in the classroom? (2) 保持校园整洁很重要。学校也制定了有关规则，请你试着用英文写2-3条相关规则。 【参考答案】 Don’t litter. Keep our school clean and tidy. Clean our school every day. Don’t eat snacks in the classroom. (3) 请你谈一谈,作为一名初中生，该如何参与构建和谐校园。(至少两点) 【参考答案】 Be polite and treat everyone with respect. Help others when they are in trouble. Follow the school rules. 2. 阅读理解 A  In most schools, all the students must wear school uniforms when they are at school. But not every student likes the school uniform. Li Jia, a 13-year-old girl from No.9 Middle School, said, “I don’t like my school uniform at all. It is too ugly. I think young girls should wear some colorful clothes. But I have to wear it every day.” However, Su Yang, also a middle school student, has different opinions(选择). He said “I like my school uniform. It is very beautiful. It is a symbol of my school and I like my school very much.” Mr. Chen, a teacher, told the reporter, “It’s good for the students to wear uniforms. It saves a lot of time and money. In the past, my daughter spent much time on her clothes. But now she seldom (很少) asks me to buy clothes for her because she has to wear the school uniform.” Do you like your school uniform? Welcome to write to us. 1. Most middle school students must wear the school uniform because ________. A．their parents ask them to do so B．the uniforms are beautiful C．they don’t have money to buy other clothes D．it’s the school rule 2. What do you know about Li Jia? A．She doesn’t like the uniform because it is expensive. B．She is an ugly girl. C．She doesn’t like her school uniform at all. D．She never wears her uniform. 3. What does Su Yang think of his school uniform? A．He thinks it is very beautiful. B．He thinks it is very ugly. C．He doesn’t like it. D．He likes a symbol. 4. From the passage, we know that ________. A．most students like their uniforms B．most students don’t like their uniforms C．different people have different opinions about their uniforms D．uniforms are very popular in China 【答案】 【小题1】D 【小题2】C 【小题3】A 【小题4】C 【导语】本文主要讲述了学生及老师对于“在学校必须穿校服”的不同意见和看法。 【小题!】推理判断题。根据“In most schools, all the students must wear school uniforms when they are at school."可推知，大部分学校的学生之所以必须穿校服，是因为学校规定学生在校必须穿校服。故选D。 【小题2】细节理解题，根据"Li Jia, a 13-year-old girl from No.9 Middle School, said, 'i don't like my school uniform at all”可知，李佳一点儿也不喜欢校服。故选C。 【小题3】细节理解题。根据"However, Su Yang, also a middle school student, has different opinions. He said '1 like my school uniform. it is very beautiful..""可知，苏阳觉得他的校服很漂亮。故选A。 【小题4】推理判断题。通读全文可知，学生李佳、苏阳，以及陈老师，这三个人对学生在校必须穿校服的看法各有不同。由此可推知，不同的人对制服有不同的看法。故选C。 B School rules are different all around the world. They show what each place thinks is important for students to do. In some countries like the US and Europe, rules are about being respectful, kind, and fair to everyone. They also talk about things like what to wear, coming to school on time, and being honest in your work. In places like Asia, following rules and listening to teachers is very important. Students often have rules about wearing uniforms looking neat, and showing respect to elders, which teaches them responsibility (责任) and teamwork. In Africa and Latin America, school rules mix old cultures with new ideas. They talk about respecting older people, taking care of the environment (环境), and being friendly to everyone. In some African schools, there are rules about saving water and keeping the school clean. Although school rules may be different, their aim is to keep students safe, honest, and ready to learn. Whether it’s about being kind to others, working hard, or taking care of the environment, school rules teach important lessons that help students grow into responsible and caring people. 1. What are school rules about in the US and Europe? A．Following strict dress rules. B．Being respectful, kind, and fair to everyone. C．Going to classes on time. D．Following teachers’ words. 2. In some African schools, there is a rule about ________. A．saving water B．helping animals C．caring for the old D．teaching small kids 3. What does the underlined word “aim” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．行动. B．目标. C．展览. D．梦想. 4. Why are school rules important according to the passage? A．To make students feel strict and unhappy B．To teach students about different cultures C．To keep students safe, honest, and ready to learn D．To give teachers more responsibility 5. Which can be the best title for the passage? A．School Rules Should Be Made B．Follow School Rules C．Who Made School Rules D．School Rules Around the World 【答案】 【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】B 【小题4】C 【小题5】D 【导语】本文主要介绍了世界各地学校规则的不同。 【小题1】细节理解题，根据"In some countries like the Us and Europe, rules are about being respectful, kind, and fair to everyone"可知在美国和欧洲等一些国家，规则是关于尊重、善良和公平对待每个人。故选B。 【小题2】细节理解题。根据“In some African schools,there are rules about saving water and keeping the school clean.”可知在一些非洲学校，有关于节约用水和保持学校清洁的规定。故选A。 【小题3】词义猜测题。根据“Although school rules may be different, their aim is to keep students safe, honest, and ready to learn”"可知，尽管学校规则可能不同，但他们的目的是让学生安全、诚实、乐于学习，故此处aim意为“目标”。故选B。 【小题4】推理判断题。根据“Although school rules may be different, their aim is to keep students safe, hones, and ready to learn”"可知，校规很重要是因为它是为了保证学生的安全、诚实和随时准备学习。故选C。 【小题5】最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了世界各地学校规则的不同，以选项D“世界各地的校规”为标题最合适。故选D。 3. 完形填空 I’m Bob and I’m a student of No.2 Middle School. We have a lot of ____1____ in our school. I think some of them are good ____2____ us, but others are not so good. We have to ____3____ the school uniform. I think it’s good. If we don’t have this rule, some students will wear expensive clothes. They will think ____4____ about their clothes, but not study. We ____5____ at six in the morning. Then we ____6____ to school before 7 o’clock. We can’t be ___7____ for school. And we have to listen to ____8____ in class. All of these rules are good for our study and I like ____9____. We can’t ____10____ mobile phones to school. I ____11____ it’s a good idea. Sometimes our parents are ____12____ and can’t get home on time. They need to ____13____ us about that. If we don’t take phones, ____14____ can they call us? Also, we can’t go to the movies on weekends. I know we should study hard, but we need ____15____ to relax, too. 1.A．friends B．rules C．subjects D．schools 2.A．for B．at C．to D．with 3.A．buy B．make C．wear D．sell 4.A．much B．well C．best D．more 5.A．get up B．get out C．think of D．talk to 6.A．arrive B．get C．leave D．cross 7.A．early B．friendly C．far D．late 8.A．the classmates B．the teachers C．parents D．friends 9.A．they B．their C．theirs D．them 10.A．take B．fight C．drive D．work 11.A．think B．don’t think C．know D．don’t know 12.A．strict B．easy C．busy D．free 13.A．say B．tell C．speak D．read 14.A．why B．when C．where D．how 15.A．class B．day C．time D．Life 【答案】 【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】C 【小题4】D 【小题5】A 【小题6】B 【小题7】D 【小题8】B 【小题9】D 【小题10】A 【小题11】B 【小题12】C 【小题13】B 【小题14】D 【小题15】C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了鲍勃的学校有很多规定，有些规定鲍勃很喜欢，但是有些他不喜欢。 【小题1】句意:我们在学校有许多规章制度。 fiends朋友;rules规则;subjects科目;schools学校。根据“If we don't have this rule"可知，此处说的是校规。故选B. 【小题2】句意:我认为它们中的一些对我们是有好处的，但是有的没那么好。 for为了;at在某地点或时间点;to去，到;with和一起，用。本题考查be good for"对…有好处”。故选A。 【小题3】句意:我们必须穿校服。 buy买:make制作;wear穿着:sell卖。根据“the school uniform"可知，学校规定穿校服。故洗C。 【小题4】句意:他们将会更多地考虑他们的衣服，而不是学习。 much非常，很多;well好地;best最好地;more更多地。根据“but not study"可知，比较而言，对衣服关注或考虑得更多，而不是学习。故选D。 【小题5】句意:我们在早上六点起床。 get up起床;get ou出去;think of想起;talk to与…交谈。根据"at six in the morning"可知，此处指起床的时间。故选A。 【小题6】句意:然后我们在七点前到达学校。 arrive到达，常与介词at连用;get到达，常与介词to连用;leave离开;cross穿过，根据“….schoolbefore7o'clock”可知，在七点前到达学校，get to school“到达学校”。故选B。 【小题7】句意:我们上学不能迟到。 early早的;friendly友好的;far远的;late晚的。根据常识可知，上学不能迟到，be late for“迟到”是固定短语。故选D。 【小题8】句意:并且我们在课堂上必须听讲。 the classmates同学们;the teachers老师们;parents父母;fends朋友们。根据“'in class”可知，在课堂上必须听讲，listen to the teachers“听讲”。故选B。 【小题9】句意:所有这些规则对我们的学习有好处，我喜欢它们。 they他们，人称代词主格;their他们的，形容词性物主代词;theirs他们的，名词性物主代词;them他们，人称代词宾格。此处应用人称代词的宾格形式them指代“All of these mules”，在句中作like的宾语。故选D。 【小题10】句意:我们不能带手机去上学。 take拿，取;fight战斗;drive驾驶;work工作。根据“mobile phones to school."和常识可知，不能带手机去学校。故选A。 【小题11】句意:我认为它不是个好主意。 think认为;don't think不认为;know知道;don't know不知道。根据" Sometimes our parents are..and can't get home on time."可知，鲍勃认为不能带手机去学校不是个好主意，此处是否定转移。故选B。 【小题12】句意:有时我们的父母很忙，不能按时到家。 strict严格的;easy容易的;busy忙碌的;fee自由的。根据"can't get home on time."可知，父母忙于工作，不能按时到家，故选C。 【小题13】句意:他们需要告诉我们关于那种情况。 say说，后跟说话的内容;tell告诉，讲述;speak说，表示说话的动作或后跟语言;read读，本题考查tell sb about sth“告诉某人关于某事”。故选B。 【小题14】句意:如果我们不带手机，他们如何给我们打电话啊? why为什么;when什么时候;where在哪儿;how如何。根据“can they call us”可知，此处指如何打电话。故选D。 【小题15】句意:我知道我们应该努力学习，但是我们也需要时间放松。 class班级;day天;time时间;life生活。根据“to relax”可知，鲍勃认为学生需要时间放松。故选C。 4. 语篇填空 We follow the rules every day. There are rules for many     1     (thing) we do at home, at school, and in a lot of other places. Think about rules at home. Parents usually make these rules, and they make sure we follow them. Parents can ask us     2     (wash) our hands. They make other rules about eating unhealthy food, watching TV, or bedtime. There are school rules     3     school, too. Teachers and the principal make the school rules. We should always be polite and take turns when we play games. Librarians (图书管理员) help     4     (we) follow the rules in the school library. We can’t eat, drink, or be     5     (noise) there. Outside school, the crossing guard helps us cross the road safely, and we should pay attention to the traffic light. These rules help keep us happy and safe. Zoos     6     other fun places have rules, too. At     7     zoo, you can’t touch the animals. You should never throw things at the animals. 【答案】 【小题1】things 【小题2】to wash 【小题3】at 【小题4】us 【小题5】noisy 【小题6】and 【小题7】the/a 【导语】本文介绍了在家里、学校和许多其他地方要遵守的规则。 【小题1】句意:我们在家里、学校和许多其他地方做的许多事情都有规则。“many”后跟可数名词复数。故填things。 【小题2】句意:父母可以让我们洗手。ask sb.to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，固定短语。故填to wash。 【小题3】句意:学校里也有校规。空后“school”是小地点，用介词at。故填at。 【小题4】句意:图书管理员帮助我们遵守学校图书馆的规则。动词“help”后跟代词宾格us。故填us。 【小题5】句意:我们不能在那里吃喝，也不能吵闹。“be”动词后跟形容词作表语;noise的形容词形式为noisy，意为“吵闹的”。故填noisy. 【小题6】句意:动物园和其他有趣的地方也有规定。“Zoos”"和“other fun places”是并列成分，需用and表并列。故填and。 【小题7】句意:在动物园里，你不能碰动物。at the/a zoo表示“在动物园里”。故填the/a。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 No Rules, No Order 核心知识点精讲精练 1 (Section A) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A 包括本部分重点短语、重点词汇(包括重点的小学词汇)、语音知识、重难句型等核心知识点。 · 本资料包含数量丰富与多类型的随学随练，基础知识综合练习(填写单词，用适当形式填空等)与技能提升综合练习(阅读理解、完形填空，语篇填空等)。 · 本部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. *late for 迟到 2. *on time 准时 3. in the hallway 在走廊里 4. wear the school uniform 穿校服 5. use your phone 使用你的手机 6. in class 在课堂上 7. keep your school clean and tidy 保持学校干净整洁 8. be polite 有礼貌 9. treat everyone with respect 尊重每个人 10. put up 举起；张贴，公布；搭建 11. *have to 必须，不得不 12. follow rules 遵守规则 13. keep the rules 遵守规则 14. be good for 对...有好处 15. from Monday to Friday 从周一到周五 16. raise your hand 举手 17. have fun 玩得开心 18. in my locker 在我的储物柜里 19. at home 在家里 20. lend sb. sth. 借给某人某物 21. would like 想要 22. eat snacks 吃零食 23. *of course 当然 24. answer my phone 接电话 25. bring sth. to 把某物带到 26. *mobile phone 手机 27. *turn off 关掉(水、电或煤气) 28. thanks for doing... 感谢做... 29. You’re welcome. 不客气。 30. be special for 对...特别 31. tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事 32. jump the queue 插队 33. feed my dog 喂我的狗 34. many kinds of food 各种食物 35. give him chocolate 给他巧克力 36. be bad for 对...有害 37. feel well 感觉良好 38. be absent from 缺席 39. look at 看 40. put on your seat belt 系上你的安全带 41. keep quiet 保持安静 42. make noise 制造噪音 2、 重点词汇解析(单词前标*为初中新学词汇) 1. *rule /ruːl/ n.规则，规章；习惯，常规；v.统治，控制 [词汇拓展] ruler (n.)尺子；统治者 [词汇搭配] 遵守规则；break a rule 违反规则；as a rule 一般来说，通常 rule off 把...排除在外；阻止，防止...发生 No rules, no order! 无规矩不成方圆。 [词汇例句] He makes it a rule never to borrow money. 他的规矩是从不向人借钱。 2. *order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ n. 秩序；顺序；整齐，条理；指示，命令；订购，订单；点菜；v.点菜；命令，要求；订购 [词汇拓展] orderly (adj.)井井有条的；守秩序的；disorder (n.)杂乱，混乱；失调，紊乱，疾病 [词汇搭配] in right order 按正确的顺序；in good order 井井有条；take one’s order点菜 in order to(后接动词原形)/in order that(后接句子) 为了，目的是 order ... to do...命令...去做...；order sb. around/round 支使，命令，使唤 [词汇例句] In order to learn English well, he listens to tape every morning.为了学好英语，他每天早 上都听磁带。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中order的中文意思。 (1) May I take your order ? (2) The dog can now understand my orders. (3) Williams ordered him to leave. (4) They ordered 200 storybooks. (5) Write your names in alphabetic(字母的) order. (6) He keeps his room in good order. (7) Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order . 3. *follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ v.遵循；跟随；(指时间或顺序）在…后发生，因…而发生；接着是，然后是；循着，沿 着(道路、标志等)； 以…为原型;讲述…的故事；仿效，效仿 [词汇拓展] following(adj.)接下来的；下列的，下述的；follower(n.)追随者，拥护者 [词汇搭配] follow rules遵守规则；follow up对...采取进一步行动，...后接着 follow through把…进行到底；完成（开了头的事）；as follows如下 [词汇例句] It’s important to follow school rules . 遵守校规很重要。 My advice is as follows. 我的建议如下。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中follow的中文意思。 (1) He followed her into the house. (2) Follow this road until you get to the school, then turn left. (3) Why didn't you follow my advice ? (4) The film follows the fortunes(命运) of two women. (5) You should follow up your phone call with an email or a letter. 4. late /leɪt/ adj. 迟到的，晚的；已故的；近日暮的，近深夜的；近末期，在晚年；adv. 迟地；近日暮，近深夜；接近末期，在晚年 [词汇拓展] later(adj.adv.)后来(的)，以后(的)；lately(adv.)近来，不久前 [词汇搭配] * 迟到；in the late afternoon傍晚；in late summer夏末 her late husband她已故的丈夫；too late过迟，太晚；be too late为时已晚，已失时机 better late than never迟到总比不到好；迟发生总比不发生强 [词汇例句] My flight was an hour late. 我那趟航班晚点了一小时。 Can I stay up late tonight? 我今晚可以晚点儿睡吗？ Late that evening, there was a knock at the door.那天深夜，有人敲过门。 [词汇辨析] late/ later/ lately · late既可作形容词，也可用作副词。 · later可以作形容词或副词，表示“后来(的)，之后(的)”，也可以用作late的比较级。 I met her again three years later. 三年后我又遇见她了。 He arrived 5 minutes later than me. 他比我晚5分钟到达。 · lately只作副词，表示“近来，不久前”。 It's only lately that she's been well enough to go out. 她只是最近才康复，可出去走一走了。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —The driver arrived _________ and brought us a lot of trouble. —I’m sorry to hear that. I will tell our leader(领导) his problem _________. A．lately; later B．later; late C．late; lately D．late; later (2) He got up _________this morning, so he was _________for school. A．lately; later B．later; late C．late; lately D．late; late 5. *arrive /əˈraɪv/ v.到达 [词汇拓展] arrival(n.)到达 [词汇搭配] arrive at/in到达 [词汇辨析] arrive/get/reach · arrive是不及物动词，后接地点时，要加介词。一般后接小地点，用at，后接大地点，用in。 I'll wait until they arrive. 我会一直等到他们来。 She'll arrive in New York at noon.她将在正午抵达纽约。 · get表示到达时，通常与介词to连用，后接地点。 When did you get to school? 你什么时候到学校的？ · reach是及物动词，后直接跟地点。 I hope this letter reaches you.我希望你能收到这封信。 · 注意：这三个词都可以表示“到达”，后接表地点的副词home,here,there时，都不要介词。 We arrived/get/reached here at about half past nine. 我们大概九点半到这的。 [随学随练] (1) —How long did it take the first climber _________ the top of the mountain? —At most two hours. It’s certain that he is the best at climbing of all. A．arriving B．getting to C．to arrive in D．to reach (2) —Do you know when Mr Li will ________ tomorrow? —When he ________ our school, I’ll tell you. A．arrive, arrive in B．reach, reaches C．arrive, reaches D．reach, arrive at 6. *on time /ɒn taɪm/ 准时 [词汇搭配] in time及时；经过一段时间之后；at the same time同时；from time to time偶尔,有时 at times有时,间或；over time久而久之；all the time一直，总是 at a time每次；逐一；依次 [随学随练] 用time的短语翻译句子或补全句子。 (1) 她偶尔周末还得工作。 (2) 他的球一直在床下面。 (3) Dally 每天都准时到校。 (4) 他很强壮，能同时拿起两个箱子。 (5) 校车一次最多(at most)能载20名学生。 (6) 虽然下大雨，但他及时到达了那里。 Though it rained heavily, he 7. *litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ v.乱扔；使凌乱；n.垃圾；杂乱的一堆 [词汇搭配] 不要乱扔垃圾。be littered with...充满，到处都是 [词汇例句] Broken glass littered the streets.街上到处是玻璃碎片。 The floor was littered with papers. 地板上乱七八糟扔了许多报纸。 8. phone /fəʊn/n. 电话；v.打电话 [词汇拓展] telephone(n.)电话 [词汇搭配] make a phone call打电话；on the phone 通过电话 [词汇例句] They like to do business by phone/over the phone .他们喜欢用电话 / 在电话上谈生意。 Could you phone back later?您过一会儿再打电话来好吗？ 9. *polite /pəˈlaɪt/ adj.有礼貌的 [词汇拓展] politely (adv.) 礼貌地；impolite (adj.)不礼貌的；impolitely(adv.)不礼貌地； rude (adj.)粗鲁的 [词汇例句] Please be polite to our guests. 请礼貌待客。 [随学随练] 用polite适当适当形式填空。 (1) It’s  to go into your teachers’ office without knocking(敲) at the door. (2) It is very important to learn how to ask for help  . (3) He is a and kind student at school, but he doesn’t speak to his mum at home. 10. *treat /triːt/ v. 对待；招待；治疗；(n.)招待，请客 [词汇拓展] treatable(adj.) 能治疗的；可治愈的；treatment(n.)对待；治疗，疗法；处理 [词汇搭配] 尊重每个人；treat sb. to sth.请某人吃...，招待... treat...as...把...看做... [随学随练] 写出下列句子中treat的中文意思。 (1) Treat your keyboard with care and it should last for years. (2) She treated him to lunch. (3) We took the kids to the zoo as a special treat . (4) No one knows how to treat the special disease(疾病). (5) Treating waste water is a good way to provide fresh water for us.  11. *respect /rɪˈspekt/ n.尊敬；（事物的）方面，细节；v. 尊敬 [词汇拓展] disrespect(n.)不尊敬；无礼；respectful (adj.)表示敬意的，尊敬的 respected(adj.)受尊敬的；respectable (adj.)体面的，值得尊敬的 [词汇搭配] 表示尊重，尊敬；have no respect for...不尊重 in respect of sth关于；就…而言 [词汇例句] I have the greatest respect for your brother.我非常尊敬你的哥哥。 I respect Jack's opinion on most subjects.在大多数事情上，我尊重杰克的意见。 12. hand /hænd/ n.手；帮助；v. 交，递，给 [词汇拓展] handy (adj.)有用的，方便的；手边的，附近的 [词汇搭配] 举起你的手；give/lend sb. a hand帮助某人；by hand手工地 hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联；hand sth. to sb.=hand sb. sth.把某物递给某人 hand in上交，提交；hand out分发；hand over把...正式交给... [词汇例句] She handed the letter to me. 她把信交给我。 Ian placed a hand on her shoulder.伊恩把一只手搭在她的肩上。 [随学随练] 用hand翻译句子。 (1) 在你回答问题前要举手。 (2) 让我来帮你。 (3) 我妈妈手工做的这些蛋糕。 (4) 你能把英语书递给我吗？ (5) 你们必须在下周一前把作业交上来。 (6) 请把这些书发给大家好吗？ 13. must /mʌst , məst/ modal v.必须；(n.) 必须做（或看、买等）的事 [词汇用法] · must用作情态动词，表示“必须，一定”，后接动词原形。其否定形式mustn’t，通常表示“禁止，一定不能”。 I must go to the bank and get some money.我得上银行取点儿钱。 Cars must not park in front of the entrance . 车辆不得停在入口处。 · 对于must的一般疑问句，回答是，肯定回答用must，否定回答用don’t have to或needn’t。 —Do we have to finish this today? —Yes, you must. / No , you don’t have to. 对，必须完成。/ 不，没有必要。 · must也可以用作名词，表示“必须要做(要看等)的事”。 Eating zongzi is a must on Dragon Boat Festival. 端午节一定要吃粽子。 [随学随练] 用must翻译下列句子。 (1) 你一定会非常想念你的家人。 (2) 这本书一定是Linda的。 (3) 我们禁止在红灯时过马路。 (4) 游览黄山是你待在安徽期间必须要做的事。 14. *everything /ˈevriθɪŋ/ pron.每件事 [词汇拓展] something(pron.)某事，某物；anything(pron.)某事，某物；任何事，任何物 nothing(pron.)没有东西 [词汇搭配] and everything以及其他；等等 [词汇例句] She told me about the baby and everything.她向我讲了小宝宝和其他的情况。 [词汇用法] · something, anything, everything, nothing使由some-/any-/every-/no-与thing构成的单词，称为复合不定代词。复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Everything is ready.一切都准备好了。 · something用于肯定句或表示期望得到肯定答复的疑问句；anything一般用于否定句或疑问句，用于肯定句则表示“任何事，任何物”或“随便哪个事物”；everything表示“每件事，所有事情”；nothing表示“没有东西”。 · 修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在它们后面。 There’s nothing interesting in today’s newspaper. 今天报纸没什么有趣的事。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Why are you so excited? —Because I read ________ in the newspaper. A．funny something B．something funny C．everything funny D．funny everything (2) Everything ________ going on well. A．is B．are C．am D．be 15. *lend /lend/ v.借给；借出；给予，提供（帮助、支持等） [词汇拓展] <过去式>lent；borrow (v.)借入 [词汇搭配] 借给某人某物 lend (sb) a (helping) hand (with sth)帮助；援助；搭把手 [词汇例句] I went over to see if I could lend a hand.我过去看我能不能帮上忙。 [词汇辨析] lend / borrow · lend表示“借出”，常用搭配为：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物。 I lent my dictionary to my classmate. 我把词典借给我同学了。 · borrow表示“借入”，常用搭配为：borrow sth. from sb. 从某人处借入某物。 Can I borrow a pen from you?我可以借用你的钢笔吗？ · keep可以表示“保存”，可以与持续的时间段连用；borrow与lend不能这样用。 You can keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以借(保存)2个礼拜。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Can I ________ your pen, Tom? —Sorry. I’m using it , so I can’t _________ it to you. A．borrow, borrow B．lend, lend C．borrow, lend D．lend, borrow (2) —Can I ________ a book from you? —Certainly. But you mustn’t ________ it to others. And please remember you can only ________ it for a week. A．borrow; lend; borrow B．lend; borrow; keep C．lend; lend; keep D．borrow; lend; keep 16. *sweet /swiːt/ n.糖果；adj.甜的；香的，芳香的；悦耳的，好听的；令人愉快的，惬意的；温和的，善良的 [词汇拓展] sweetly(adv.)令人愉快地；sweetness(n.)令人愉快；甜 [词汇搭配] sweet food甜食；a sweet voice甜润的嗓音；have a sweet tooth爱吃甜食 [词汇例句] Goodnight. Sweet dreams .晚安。祝你做个甜蜜的梦。 Her voice was as soft and sweet as a young girl's.她的声音如少女般柔美悦耳。 17. fruit /fru:t/n.水果；成果，硕果；v. (树或花草)结果 [词汇拓展] fruitful (adj.)成果丰硕的；富有成效的 [词汇搭配] fruit trees果树；fruit juice果汁；the fruit of ...成果，结果 bear fruit 成功，取得成果 [词汇用法] · fruit泛指“水果”，一般用作不可数名词；表示种类时，用作可数名词。 Eat more fruit and vegetables. 多吃些水果和蔬菜。 There are many kind of fruits in the little shop. 这个小店有很多种类的水果。 · fruit表示“成果，硕果”，用作可数名词。 The team have really worked hard and Mansell is enjoying the fruits of that labour.这支队伍真正付出 了辛劳，而曼塞尔正在享受着这种辛劳的成果。 18. bring /brɪŋ/ v.带来；导致，引起；使处于（…状态或环境） [词汇拓展] <过去式> brought [词汇搭配] bring about导致，引起；bring back 归还；使想起；bring out 使显现；bring up抚养 [词汇例句] Don't forget to bring your books with you.别忘了把书带来。 The news brought tears to his eyes (= made him cry) .这个消息使他不禁流下泪来。 [随学随练] [词汇辨析] bring / take / fetch / get / carry · bring 指从别处把某人或某物带到说话人所在或所说之处。 Don't forget to bring your books with you. 别忘了把书带来。 · take 指从说话人所在或所说之处把某人或某物带走，侧重方向，与 bring 的方向正相反。 May I take the letter to her?我能把信给她带去吗？ · fetch 指去取了某物或带上某人再返回原处，即一往一返，相当于 go and bring，但有时也可说 go and fetch，意思和 fetch 并无不同。 Please fetch me my coat. 请把我的大衣拿来。 · get 指从别处带来或拿来，常可与 fetch 换用，但语气较随便，多用于口语。 Get/fetch me some water. 去给我打点水。 · carry 表示携带，不强调方向性。也可以表示把(某物或某人)带至(新的地点或位置)。 She carried her baby in her arms. 她怀里抱着她的宝宝。 Sandy carried the box to the second floor. 桑迪把箱子拿到了二楼。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Remember ______ your books when you leave. A．to bring B．bringing C．taking D．to take (2) Please ________ the old box out and ________ the new one here. A．bring, take B．take, carry C．bring, carry D．take, bring 19. *mobile /ˈməʊbaɪl/ adj.可移动的；出行方便的，腿脚灵便的 [词汇搭配] * 手机；a mobile library流动图书馆 [词汇例句] 5G will not just bring faster mobile Internet. People can use it for many other things, too.  5G不仅会带来更快的移动互联网。人们也可以将其用于许多其他用途。 20. turn /tɜ:n/(v.) (使)旋转，转动；翻转，翻(书页)；扭转(身体部位)；转弯，(使)改变方向；对准，朝着；变成，成为；到达，超过(某一年龄或时间)；(n.)轮流 [词汇搭配] * 关掉(水、电或煤气)；turn on打开，接通电源 turn up 出现，露面；调高 turn down调低；turn...into...将...变成...；turn into...变成... turn left/right 向左转/向右转；turn to...(for...) 向...寻求(建议，帮助等) take turns轮流 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中turn的中文意思。 (1) She turns 21 in June. (2) He turned the key in the lock(锁). (3) She turned to look at me. (4) I turned the car into the car park. (5) The leaves(树叶) were turning brown. (6) Now, it’s my turn. 单项填空。 (1) —Why did you ________ Laura’s invitation(邀请)? —Because I had to study for my coming test. I had no time. A．turn down B．turn on C．turn up D．turn off (2) —Could you help me work out this math problem? —I’m afraid I can’t. Let’s ________ our math teacher. A．turn off B．turn on C．turn to D．turn into 21. off /ɒf/ adv./prep. 离开；(切)断；(停)止；不工作，休息；减价，削价 [词汇搭配] be well off 经济比较宽裕；cut off切除，切掉；go off(闹钟等)响了；走开，离开 take off 脱下；起飞；put off推迟，延迟；show off炫耀；fall off从...掉下来 see off送别 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Let's go out for dinner. —Great! But Clean -Up Day is two weeks from now. We can't ________making a plan. A．take off B．see off C．put off D．cut off (2) — If you feel warm enough, you can ________ the heater(加热器). — OK, thanks for reminding that. A．turn off B．take off C．put off D．get off 22. jump /dʒʌmp/ v.跳；n. 跳 [词汇搭配] * 插队；high jump跳高；long jump跳远 [词汇例句] He jumped to his feet when they called his name. 他们叫到他的名字时他一下子就站了起来。 23. *feed /fiːd/ v. 喂养:饲养；养，养活(全家、一群人)；把…放进机器；(婴儿或动物) 进食；n. 丰盛的一餐 [词汇拓展]<过去式> fed ；feeding (n.)喂食，饲养 [词汇搭配] feed my dog喂我的狗；feed on 以...为食；feed sth. to.../ feed...(on) sth. 给...食物 feed A with B 把B放进A；feed back反馈 [词汇例句] They have a large family to feed. 他们要养活一大家人。 They needed a bath and a good feed.他们需要洗个澡，饱餐一顿。 24. *leave/li:v/ (v.) 离开；留下；使保留，让…处于（某种状态、某地等）；忘了带，丢下 [词汇拓展] <过去式>left ；<动词-ing> leaving [词汇搭配] leave for ...离开去(某地) ；leave out 不包括，不提及 [词汇例句] The plane leaves for Dallas at 12.35.飞机于12:35起飞前往达拉斯。 Leave the door open, please.请把门开着吧。 Is there any coffee left? 还有咖啡剩下吗？ 25. bad /bæd/ adj.不好的;坏的 [词汇变形] badly (adv.) 坏地，差地；很，非常 [词汇搭配] 对...有害；be bad at...不擅长，不善于；not bad 不错，比预料的好 [词汇例句] I'm having a really bad day.我今天倒霉透了。 26. *absent /ˈæbsənt/ adj.缺席的，不在的；心不在焉的，出神的 [词汇拓展] absence (n.) 缺席 [词汇搭配] * 缺席；不在 [词汇例句] He was absent from school yesterday. 他昨天没来上课。 27. *quietly /ˈkwaɪətli/ adv.轻声地；安静地 [词汇拓展] quiet (adj.)轻声的，安静的 [词汇搭配] talk quietly 轻声交谈；keep quiet保持安静 [词汇例句] He closed the door quietly. 他悄悄地关上了门。 [随学随练] 单项填空。  She looks ________, and I often see her sit in the classroom ________. A．quiet; quiet B．quietly; quietly C．quiet; quietly D．quietly; quiet 28. *belt /belt/ n.安全带；腰带，皮带；地带 [词汇拓展] lifebelt(n.)救生圈 [词汇搭配] 系上你的安全带；green belt （城市周围的）绿化地带 [词汇例句] He wears a black belt. 他系了一条黑色的皮带。 29. *noise /nɔɪz/ n.声音；噪声 [词汇拓展] noisy (adj.)吵闹的 [词汇搭配] make noise制造噪声 [词汇辨析] noise / sound / voice · noise通常指噪音，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。 Try not to make so much noise.别那么吵吵闹闹的。 What a terrible noise!多么令人讨厌的噪音啊！ · sound泛指可以听到的声音或响声，用作可数名词。 sound还可以作动词，表示“听起来...”。 the different sounds and smells of the forest森林里的各种声音、各种气息 Your idea sounds interesting. 你的主意听起来很有趣。 · voice指嘴发出的声音，人的说话声或唱歌声。 I could hear voices in the next room.我能听到隔壁说话的声音。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) It’s difficult to hear your ________ because the ________ of traffic is too high. A．voice; noise B．sound; voice C．noise; sound D．noise; voice (2) Taylor Swift has a beautiful ________ and her songs ________ comfortable(舒服的). A．voice; sound B．noise; sound C．sound; noise D．voice; noise 3、 重难句型解析 1. 谈论学校规则的句型 谈论规则时常用祈使句，有以动词原形开头的肯定式，或者don’t+动词原形开头的否定式。 谈论规则时，有时也用含情态动词can，must，have或者它们的否定形式的句型。 有关祈使句和情态动词的用法，详见核心知识点精讲精练 2 (Grammar)语法部分。 (1) Don’t+动词原型开头的祈使句 · Don’t be late for school. Arrive on time.不要上学迟到。按时到达。 · Don’t run in the hallways.不要在走廊里跑。 · Don’t eat in the classroom.不要在教室里吃东西。 · Don't litter.不要乱扔垃圾。 (2) 动词原型开头的祈使句 · Wear the school uniform. 穿校服。 · Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 要有礼貌，尊重每个人。 · Put up your hands if you want to ask your teacher a question.如果你想问老师问题，请举手。 (3) 含情态动词的句型 · We can’t eat snacks in class.我们不能在课堂上吃零食。 · We mustn’t bring out mobile phones to class. We have to turn them off and keep them in our lockers. 我们不能把手机带到课堂上。我们必须关掉手机并把它们放在储物柜里。 2. 其他句型解析 · Put up your hands if you want to ask your teacher a question.如果你想问老师问题，请举手。 此句中put up your hands是一个祈使句。if you want...a question是if引导的一个条件状语从句。 if意为“如果”，可以引导状语从句，表示主句动词发生的条件。 if引导条件状语从句时，如果主句是祈使句，主句含有情态动词或主句是一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 如：We’ll have a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们将会去野餐。 You can ask your teacher for help if you have some questions. 如果你有问题，你可以向你的老 师求助。 [随学随练] 翻译句子。 (1) 如果你找不到你的钢笔，你可以用我的。 (2) 如果明天不下雨，我们就去徒步。 · Is everything OK? 一切都好吗？ 此句是一句日常常用语，询问对方情况或事物进展的状态。 回答时可以用：It’s OK. 不错，很好/ Pretty good. 相当不错/Not bad. 还行 类似表达有：How is everything (going)? · Would you like a sweet? 你想要个糖果吗？ Would you like...? 用来询问对方是否需要什么或想要做什么。 如：Would you like some bread ? 你想要点面包吗？(注意用some，不用any) Would you like...? 也可用于表示礼貌的请求、建议，或征求意见与看法。 如：Would you like to have a walk ? 你想要去散步吗？ Would you like to go shopping with me?你愿意和我去购物吗？ [随学随练] 翻译句子 你想要点蔬菜吗？ 你愿意放学后和我们一起打篮球吗？ 4、 单元语音学习 1. 字母e与ea，ee，ear字母组合发音 (1) 字母e的常见发音 · 字母e在重读开音节中发字母音/i:/。 如：he/hi:/ ; me/mi:/ ; these/ði:z/ · 字母e在重读闭音节发短音/e/。 如：lend/lend/ ; hen/hen/ ; next /nekst/ ; respect/rɪˈspekt/ · 字母e在非重读音节中常发/ə/或/ɪ/ 如：moment/ˈməʊmənt/ ; honest/'ɒnɪst/ ; eraser/ɪˈreɪzə(r)/ ; eleven/ɪˈlevn/ (2) 字母组合ea，ee，ear的发音 · 字母组合ea常发/i:/和/e/，有时发/ɪə/和/eɪ/。 如：meat/mi:t/ ; peach/pi:tʃ/ ; clean/kli:n/ ; teacher/ˈti:tʃə(r)/ bread/bred/ ; sweater/ˈswetə(r)/ ; health/helθ/ ; heavy/ˈhevi/ idea/aɪˈdɪə/ great/ɡreɪt/ ; break/breɪk/ · 字母组合ee常发/i:/。 如：bee/bi:/ ; feet/fi:t/ ; sheep/ʃi:p/ ; beef/bi:f/ · 字母组合ear常发/ɪə/和/eə/，有时发/ɜ:/。 如：hear/hɪə(r)/ ; near /nɪə(r)/ ; dear/dɪə(r)/(多数词尾发/ɪə/) bear/beə(r)/ ; pear/peə(r)/ ; wear/weə(r)/(前有b,p,w常发/eə/) learn/lɜ:n/ ; early/ˈɜ:li/ ; search /sɜ:tʃ/(后有辅音常发/ɜ:/，特殊情况heart/hɑ:t/) 2. 句子重音 (1) 在连贯言语中，有一部分单词是重读的，其余的单词不重读，这种现象叫句子重音。 (2) 一般来说，动词、名词、形容词等表示实际意义的实词要重读，冠词、介词、连词等虚词一般不重读。 如：'Lucy 'goes to 'school at 'half past ' seven. (3) 当说话人想强调句子中的某个细节时，例如想要反驳或纠正对方某个观点，或者强调句中细节信息对比时，可以加重关于该细节的单词读音。 如：Tom is 'driving my 'car.（正常重读） Tom is 'driving 'my 'car.（强调我的车，而不是其他人的） 'Tom is 'driving my 'car.（强调是Tom开车，而不是别人） 5、 基础知识综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Everyone should (遵守规则) at school. (2) We must (到达医院) (准时). (3) He was (迟到) work this morning. And he didn’t wear the (制服).He only wore a (夹克衫). (4) He is a (有礼貌的) person and always (尊重每个人). (5) Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in (秩序). (6) There will be fines for people who drop (垃圾). (7) Can you (把你的手机借给我)? (8) Do you eat (糖果), cakes or sugary (小吃)? (9) 关闭) the radio and don’t (制造噪声). (10) Tom was (缺席) class yesterday. (11) Sally always helps her mum (喂养) the cows. (12) The Browns plan to (离开) for Xiamen tomorrow. (13) He walked (轻声地) into his room to take his (腰带). (14) The boy wanted to (插队).But finally he didn’t do that. (15) If you have a question, please (举起你的手)and wait for the teacher to call on you. (16) Before starting the car, remember to (系上你的安全带) for safety. 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) The night was very (quiet) . He took off his shoes (quiet) . (2) The policeman ordered the man (leave) the scene(现场). (3) I can lend my dictionary you. (4) Must we (bring) our all our books to the classroom? (5) He has to (feed) the sheep. (6) Is David always absent school? (7) Don’t stay up (late). Or you’ll be (late) for school tomorrow. (8) He treats everyone around him kindness and respect. (9) Jumping the queue is (polite). (10) Can’t the boys (eat) in the room? (11) The (noise) bird is making so much (noise) . (12) I’d like to thank Ms Chen for (help) me with my English. 3. 单项填空。 (1) —Sarah, did you ________ the virtual (虚拟) office meeting room on time this morning? —Yes. I had a little trouble(麻烦) finding the right link at first, but I ________ just before it started. A．get; arrived B．get to; arrived C．get; arrived at D．get to; arrived at (2) He arrived ________ Tianjin half an hour ago. So he will arrive ________ home soon. A．in;at B．in; / C．/; at D．to; in (3) The lights are still on in the lab. Please remember ________ before leaving. A．turning them off B．to turn them off C．turning off them D．to turn off them (4) It is ________ important rule to wear ________ uniform on school days. A．a; an B．a; a C．an; an D．an; a (5) It’s a rule that we ________ keep quiet when reading in the library. A．may B．must C．can’t D．mustn’t (6) I want to ________ the CD from you. Please ________ it here tomorrow. A．borrow; take B．borrow; bring C．lend; take D．lend; bring (7) If you don’t listen to your teacher ________, he will be ________. A．care, happy B．careful, happily C．carefully, unhappy D．carefully, happy (8) In order to be ________, you must pay attention to the language you use. A．absent B．polite C．mobile D．quiet (9) —Would you mind if I borrow your pen? — ________. Here you are. A．Yes, of course B．No, not at all C．No, thanks D．You’re welcome (10) It’s very important for students to________teachers and classmates. A．leave B．follow C．respect D．feed 6、 技能提升综合练习 1. 根据情境写句子。 (1) 你想知道可不可以在教室里吃食物，你可以这样询问你的同学Anne? (2) 保持校园整洁很重要。学校也制定了有关规则，请你试着用英文写2-3条相关规则。 (3) 请你谈一谈,作为一名初中生，该如何参与构建和谐校园。(至少两点) 2. 阅读理解 A  In most schools, all the students must wear school uniforms when they are at school. But not every student likes the school uniform. Li Jia, a 13-year-old girl from No.9 Middle School, said, “I don’t like my school uniform at all. It is too ugly. I think young girls should wear some colorful clothes. But I have to wear it every day.” However, Su Yang, also a middle school student, has different opinions(选择). He said “I like my school uniform. It is very beautiful. It is a symbol of my school and I like my school very much.” Mr. Chen, a teacher, told the reporter, “It’s good for the students to wear uniforms. It saves a lot of time and money. In the past, my daughter spent much time on her clothes. But now she seldom (很少) asks me to buy clothes for her because she has to wear the school uniform.” Do you like your school uniform? Welcome to write to us. 1. Most middle school students must wear the school uniform because ________. A．their parents ask them to do so B．the uniforms are beautiful C．they don’t have money to buy other clothes D．it’s the school rule 2. What do you know about Li Jia? A．She doesn’t like the uniform because it is expensive. B．She is an ugly girl. C．She doesn’t like her school uniform at all. D．She never wears her uniform. 3. What does Su Yang think of his school uniform? A．He thinks it is very beautiful. B．He thinks it is very ugly. C．He doesn’t like it. D．He likes a symbol. 4. From the passage, we know that ________. A．most students like their uniforms B．most students don’t like their uniforms C．different people have different opinions about their uniforms D．uniforms are very popular in China B School rules are different all around the world. They show what each place thinks is important for students to do. In some countries like the US and Europe, rules are about being respectful, kind, and fair to everyone. They also talk about things like what to wear, coming to school on time, and being honest in your work. In places like Asia, following rules and listening to teachers is very important. Students often have rules about wearing uniforms looking neat, and showing respect to elders, which teaches them responsibility (责任) and teamwork. In Africa and Latin America, school rules mix old cultures with new ideas. They talk about respecting older people, taking care of the environment (环境), and being friendly to everyone. In some African schools, there are rules about saving water and keeping the school clean. Although school rules may be different, their aim is to keep students safe, honest, and ready to learn. Whether it’s about being kind to others, working hard, or taking care of the environment, school rules teach important lessons that help students grow into responsible and caring people. 1. What are school rules about in the US and Europe? A．Following strict dress rules. B．Being respectful, kind, and fair to everyone. C．Going to classes on time. D．Following teachers’ words. 2. In some African schools, there is a rule about ________. A．saving water B．helping animals C．caring for the old D．teaching small kids 3. What does the underlined word “aim” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．行动. B．目标. C．展览. D．梦想. 4. Why are school rules important according to the passage? A．To make students feel strict and unhappy B．To teach students about different cultures C．To keep students safe, honest, and ready to learn D．To give teachers more responsibility 5. Which can be the best title for the passage? A．School Rules Should Be Made B．Follow School Rules C．Who Made School Rules D．School Rules Around the World 3. 完形填空 I’m Bob and I’m a student of No.2 Middle School. We have a lot of ____1____ in our school. I think some of them are good ____2____ us, but others are not so good. We have to ____3____ the school uniform. I think it’s good. If we don’t have this rule, some students will wear expensive clothes. They will think ____4____ about their clothes, but not study. We ____5____ at six in the morning. Then we ____6____ to school before 7 o’clock. We can’t be ___7____ for school. And we have to listen to ____8____ in class. All of these rules are good for our study and I like ____9____. We can’t ____10____ mobile phones to school. I ____11____ it’s a good idea. Sometimes our parents are ____12____ and can’t get home on time. They need to ____13____ us about that. If we don’t take phones, ____14____ can they call us? Also, we can’t go to the movies on weekends. I know we should study hard, but we need ____15____ to relax, too. 1.A．friends B．rules C．subjects D．schools 2.A．for B．at C．to D．with 3.A．buy B．make C．wear D．sell 4.A．much B．well C．best D．more 5.A．get up B．get out C．think of D．talk to 6.A．arrive B．get C．leave D．cross 7.A．early B．friendly C．far D．late 8.A．the classmates B．the teachers C．parents D．friends 9.A．they B．their C．theirs D．them 10.A．take B．fight C．drive D．work 11.A．think B．don’t think C．know D．don’t know 12.A．strict B．easy C．busy D．free 13.A．say B．tell C．speak D．read 14.A．why B．when C．where D．how 15.A．class B．day C．time D．Life 4. 语篇填空 We follow the rules every day. There are rules for many     1     (thing) we do at home, at school, and in a lot of other places. Think about rules at home. Parents usually make these rules, and they make sure we follow them. Parents can ask us     2     (wash) our hands. They make other rules about eating unhealthy food, watching TV, or bedtime. There are school rules     3     school, too. Teachers and the principal make the school rules. We should always be polite and take turns when we play games. Librarians (图书管理员) help     4     (we) follow the rules in the school library. We can’t eat, drink, or be     5     (noise) there. Outside school, the crossing guard helps us cross the road safely, and we should pay attention to the traffic light. These rules help keep us happy and safe. Zoos     6     other fun places have rules, too. At     7     zoo, you can’t touch the animals. You should never throw things at the animals. 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$