Unit 3 The world of Science Word(2) career in science and present perfect passive 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

回顾上节课重点句式 1. find 2. 强调句 3. what 引导的主语从句 1. Preview the words(2) 2. Careers in science words (2) passive /ˈpæsɪv/ adj. 被动的 beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ prep. 无法…… ▫ instance /ˈɪnstəns/ n. 例子，实例 significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的，影响深远的 ▫ injure /ˈɪndʒə/ v. 使受伤，弄伤 ▫ chemist /ˈkemɪst/ n. 化学家 ▫ astronomer /əˈstrɒnəmə/ n. 天文学家 ▫ biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家 ▫ accurate /ˈækjʊrət/ adj. 精确的 Gregorian calendar 公历，阳历（自 1582 年起 在西方使用的历法） minor /ˈmaɪnə/ adj. 小的 ▫ origin /ˈɒrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源，起因 ▫ species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种 natural selection 自然选择 field research 实地研究，实地调研 ▫ stream /striːm/ n. 小河，小溪 ▫ extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːd(ə)n(ə)ri/ adj. 非凡的， 出色的 ▫ brilliant /ˈbrɪljənt/ adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的 ▫ radium /ˈreɪdiəm/ n. 镭（一种化学元素） Goldbach’s Conjecture 哥德巴赫猜想 ▫ theory /ˈθɪəri/ n. 学说，理论 mental /ˈmentl/ adj. 精神的；精神健康的 cure /kjʊə/ n. 药剂；疗法 passive beyond ▫ instance significant ▫ injure ▫ chemist ▫ astronomer ▫ biologist ▫ accurate Gregorian calendar minor ▫ origin n. 被动的 无法…… n. 例子，实例 adj. 重要的，影响深远的 v. 使受伤，弄伤 n. 化学家 n. 天文学家 n. 生物学家 adj. 精确的 公历，阳历（自 1582 年起 在西方使用的历法） adj. 小的 n. 起源，起因 ▫ species natural selection field research ▫ stream ▫ extraordinary ▫ brilliant ▫ radium Goldbach’s Conjecture ▫ theory mental cure n. 物种 自然选择 实地研究，实地调研 n. 小河，小溪 adj. 非凡的， 出色的 adj. 聪颖的，才华横溢的 n. 镭（一种化学元素） 哥德巴赫猜想 n. 学说，理论 adj. 精神的；精神健康的 n. 药剂；疗法 quick viewing beyond description 无法形容，描述不出 beyond one's reach 在某人够不到的地方 beyond comparison 无与伦比 passive adj.被动的-- active adj.主动的 for instance = for example accurate adj. 精确的 accuracy n.精确度 origin n. -- original adj.最初的，原始的 important words 1. significant 2. injure 3. minor 4. cure （教材原句）But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. 但或许迄今为止，人们所取得的最重要的成就是在医药领域。 （1）be significant = be of significance 重要的 It is significant that... ……很重要 （2）attach great/little importance/significance 认为……很有 / 几 乎没有重要性 the significance of……的重要性 significant adj. 重要的，影响深远的 significance n. 重要性，意义 （1） The discovery is of____________（significant），as it will help us realize what really happened in that area 2，000 years ago. （2）_______ _______ ___________ _______（ …… 很重要）all the people are treated equally. （3） A theory，however good it is，is______ ______ _________ （没有意义）without being put into practice. （4）________ __________ ______（……的重要性）constructing a village on the moon lies in the fact that it will help humans to explore the solar system further. significance It is significant that of no significance The significance of injure Vt. 伤害；毁坏 injury n. 伤;受伤处 injured adj. 受伤的 hurt 普通用词，较口语化，侧重指给有生命的东西造成机体上或精神、感情上的或轻或重的伤害。 injure 正式，多用于有生命的事物。既可指伤害别人的事物。即可指伤害别人的健康、外貌、自尊心、名誉等，又可指使别人受伤或东西受损，同时含有受伤害部分至少暂时丧失功能的意味。 wound 专指对身体的重伤，尤指在战斗中受的伤，强调外部创伤；也可指精神方面的伤害。 1.［2017·全国Ⅰ卷］Trying to help__________ (injure），displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain. 2. 选词填空（injure/hurt/wound） (1)You should make an apology to my sister because what you said __________her feelings. (2)The bullet__________ one of the brave soldiers in the shoulder. (3)Tom__________ his legs in a skating accident. injured hurt wounded injured minor adj. 小的，不很重要的，不很严重的 (教材原句) A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him. 月球上的一座山和一颗小行星都是以他的名字命名的。 （1）a minor road 小路 minor injuries 轻伤 （2）a minority of 少数…… be in the/a minority 占少数 -ity 反义词 cure vt. 治好（疾病）；治愈 n. 疗法 （教材原句）Currently，there’s no cure for Alzheimer’s... 目前还没有治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法…… cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的疾病；矫正 / 改正某人的不良行为 a cure for……的治疗方法 cure 强调“治愈”这一结果，而 treat 强调治疗的过程。 eg:1. Parents try to cure their kids ___ bad habits. 2. What do you think is the cure _____ the spread of COVID-19(新冠肺炎) 3. Your disease is an unfortunate occurrence, but it can ______(cure) 拓展：与 cure sb. of sth. 类似的结构： rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 cheat sb. of sth. 欺骗某人某事 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 of for be cured 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词 1. present perfect _______(被动的) 2. _______(无法……) recognition 3. for ________(例子) 4. the most _________(重要的) success 5. a turtle _______(受伤的) in a forest fire 6. as ________(精确的) as the Gregorian calendar 7. a ________(聪颖的) physicist 8. number ______(理论) 9. the most common ______(精神的) disease 10. no ____(药剂) for Alzheimer’s instance injured passive beyond significant accurate brilliant theory mental cure Careers in science Activity 4 Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Learning to learn: Words about different careers in science can be formed by adding -er, -ist or -ian at the end of the words about subjects, eg biology – biologist. musician photographer scientist Activity 5 Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers answers: 1. astronomer 2. biologist 3. geographer 4. physicist 5. chemist 6. mathematicians useful expressions 1. A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him. name... after... 以..命名... 2. He explains changes in species due to natural selection. due to 由于 owing to/thanks to/ bacause of/ as a result of/ natural selection 自然选择 3. He did field research across China. field research 实地研究 4. along with = with 与...一道，与..一起 Susan, along with her parents, ______ (be) going abroad by plane tomorrow. The subway, as well as some high-speed ways, ______________ (build) by humen so far. is has been built Present perfect passive Look at the sentences from the reading passage and pay attention to the red parts. a I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. b New inventions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. c Important advances have been made in medicine and environmental science thanks to increasing computer power. d I’ve also been told that you’re an inventor yourself. 归纳格式： ________________________________________ have / has + been + v-ed 现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。或者表示一个被动的动作从过去一直持续到现在，常和for 、since 连用。 现在完成时的被动语态 Over time I have been changed quite a lot. 1.肯定式： have / has + been + v-ed 2.否定式： have / has + not + been + v-ed She hasn't been told about it yet. 3. 现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将___________提到主语的前面。 (1) Has his bike been repaired? (2) Have they been notified about it? 4. 特殊疑问句为： 提问主语： 提问其它： have / has 疑问词 + have / has + been + v-ed？ (1) Who has been invited? (2) Why has he been praised by his teacher? 特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句？ 常与现在完成时的被动语态连用的时间状语： already, yet, recently/lately, since then (从那时起), ever since (自那以来), ever, so far, for a long time, by now 到现在为止, in recent years, in/during/over the past/last few years 副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副 词置于have / has和been中间。 (1) Such a man has hardly been believed. (2) The machine has already been repaired. 注意 2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 不及物动词和系动词都没有被动语态形式。但它们中的某些不及物动词虽为主动形式，却可表示被动意义。 (1) The material feels very soft. (2) Good medicine tastes bitter. 所有的及物动词都有被动语态？ 错，只有及物动词才有被动语态形式，但不是所有的及物动词都是如此， 如某些表示状态或表示关系的动词或短语只有主动语态，而无被动语态。常见的这类动词有：cost(花费), fit (适合), have (有), hold(容纳), lack(缺乏), own (占有), suit(适合), fail (失败), belong to (属于), agree with (同意)等。 (1) Taiwan belongs to China. (2) The coat cost me ¥300. (3) The key just fits the lock. 拓展：所有的及物动词都有被动语态？ 4. 短语动词变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语动词的完整性，不可漏掉动词后面原有介词或副词。此类短语动词有： ① 动词 + 介词 refer to，look after，call on，rely on，look for，look at，listen to，dream of，meet with，laugh at，result in，wait for，deal with，operate on ②动词 + 名词+ 介词 pay attention to，make use of，take part in，keep an eye on, make fun of，catch sight of，set fire to，take a note of，take care of ③ 动词+ 副词 turn on，turn off，carry on，carry out，think over，make up，set up, put down，hand in，point out，call up 1. An opinion is what someone believes is true but ____ not ____________ (prove). 2. Over time I ________________ (change) quite a lot. 3. Since the 1970s many new creations________________(invent). has been proved have been changed have been invented go Ready? 4. We won’t start the work until all the preparations _______________(make). 5. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ____________(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.  6. In the last few years thousands of films _________________ (produce) all over the world. have been made have been made have been produced Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice. 1.Workers have built the house since two years ago. The house has been built by workers since two years ago. 2. Reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution have led to more advances. More advances have been led to by reduced energy supplies and environmental pollution. 30 3. Physicists have changed the way we look at the world. 4. Some companies have adapted smartphones to be worn on your body as wearable tech. 5. Geographers have almost mapped every bit of our planet. The way we look at the world has been changed by physicists. Smartphones to be worn on your body as wearable tech has been adapted by some companies. Almost every bit of our planet has been mapped by geographers. Describe the picture using rescue, firefighter The girl has been rescued by the firefighter. The village, block(封锁) The village has been blocked since Spring Festival. （1） The boys _______ ________ _______ _______ _______（已经被多次告知）not to swim in that lake，but it doesn’t make any difference. （2） We are glad to be told that Li Tao______ _______ ___ ____ ______ _______（已经被复旦大学录取）for his top scores. （3） With the help of high technology，more and more new substances ____ ____ _________ （被发现）in the past few years. （4） When and where to go for the on-salary holiday_______ _______ _______ _________（没有确定）yet. （5） The ink______ _______ ______ _________ ______ （还没有从……上去掉） the clothes. have been told many times has been admitted to Fudan University have been discovered has not been decided has not been removed from 易错点 使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题: 1. 现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词, 即 have/has和been, 两者缺一不可。 2. 现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别: 一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过 去某个时候, 其结果对现在没有影响; 而现在完成时的 被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去, 但侧重说明 该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。 *The house was built last year. 这房子是去年建造的。 *The house has been built. 这房子已经建好了。 practice (1)The bridge ________(build) last year.   (2)The case _____________(try) recently.   (3)Great changes __________(take) place in my hometown.   (4)So far, many villages _______________(visit) (5) Questions during primary school time ______________ (discuss) by us for 6 years. was built has been tried have taken have been visited were discussed Imagine you are Dr Moore. Look at the pictures and tell the police about the damage and loss to your lab. Use the present perfect passive where appropriate. My lab has been broken into! My … In the morning, when I went into my lab, I felt extremely surprised. What a mess it is now! My lab _________(break) into. The only robot at the door ________(push) down into pieces.The door of the cupboard was open. Some chemical apparatuses such as test glasses and tubes ________________ (knock) over. In addition, my papers on the desk ________(turn)in disorder. Possible answer has been broken has been pushed have been knocked have been turned Review 现在完成时的被动语态 肯定句： 主语+ have / has + been + v-ed+其他. 否定句： 主语+ have / has + not + been + v-ed+ 其他. 一般疑问句: Have/Has+ 主语+ been + v-ed +其他？ 特殊疑问句: 提问主语：特殊疑问词+ have/has + been + v-ed + 其他？ 提问其他：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句？ 语法主题应用 用现在完成时的被动语态描述现代科学发展的一些情况。 1. 到目前为止, 很多城市的地铁建设已经完成, 人们会享受快捷、便利的城市地下旅行。 2. 很多人造卫星已经被很多国家发射到太空。 3. 很多宇航员已经被送上太空。 4. 科学家们已经发明了各种智能机器人。 5. 如果牛顿生活在今天, 他一定会对科学技术方面的发现感到惊讶。　　 The subway construction in many cities has been completed so far and people will enjoy a fast and convenient trip under the city. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries and many astronauts have been sent up into space. All kinds of intelligent robots have been invented by the scientists. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what has been discovered in science and technology.   $$