Unit4第2课时 Reading详解学案-2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语九年级下册

九下译林Unit4第2课时 Reading详解 课时目标 词汇 gravity,planet,air tank,crowded,polluted,rapid,increase,all over again,passenger,at the speed of,uncomfortable,oxygen, in the form of,tasty,spe-cially,float,compare,compare to/with,interplane-tary,network,challenging,rapidly 句型 1. Our own planet, the Earth, is becoming more and more crowded and polluted because of the rapid increase in population. 2.With the development of technology,by the year 2100,the journey might only take about 20 mi-nutes in spacecraft that travel at the speed of light! 3.The gravity on Mars is only about three-eights of that on the Earth. 4.People would have to wear boots that are spe-cially designed to prevent themselves from float-ing off into space. 重点难点 1.Read the passage and do some exercises. 2. Master the usage of some new words and ex-pressions. 3.Get some information about life on another planet. 预习导学 I.汉译英。 1．相信 2．开发 3．漂浮 4．增加 5．拥挤的 6．被污染的 7．不舒适的 8．氧气 9．人口 10．怀着希望地 11．科技 12．网络 13．速度 14．人 15．挑战性的 II.短语翻译。 1.all over again 2.large numbers of people 3.at present 4.in many ways 5.three eighths of... 6.compare with... 7.at the speed of 8.connect to 9.in the form of 10.inter planetary network III.阅读课文，判断正（T）误（F）。 1.By the year 2100,people might live on Mars. ( ) 2.Mars is becoming crowded and polluted. ( ) 3. By the year 2100,the spacecraft can travel at half the speed of sound. ( ) 4. By the year 2100,scientists can develop plants on Mars to get enough water,food and oxygen. ( ) 5.Humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make them-selves lighter. ( ) 答案 I.1.believe 2.develop 3.float 4.increase 5.crowded 6.polluted 7.uncomfortable 8.oxygen 9.population 10.hopefully 11.technology 12.network 13,speed 14.human 15.challenging II．1．再；重新 2．许多人 3．目前；现在 4．在许多方面5．······八分之三 6．和······比较 7．以······的速度8．把······连接到······9．以······的形式 10．星际间网络II.1.T 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.F 词汇详解 1.crowded 【用法】adj.拥挤的；挤满人的 【举例】The train was very crowded，and we had to stand. 火车上很拥挤，我们不得不站着。 【拓展】crowd用作动词，表示“挤满，塞满”。crowd用作可数名词，意为“人群”。 【举例】Groups of tourists crowded the main streets. 大街上挤满了成群的游客。 They disappeared into the crowd. 他们消失在人群中。 【应用】单项选择。 He was late this morning,because the bus was too for him to get on. A.quict B.tidy C.crowdedD.noisy 答案：C 句意：“今天早上他迟到了，因为公交车太挤了，以至于他没挤上车。”quiet“安静的”，tidy“干净的；整洁的”，crowd-cd“拥挤的”，noisy“吵闹的”。 2.polluted 【用法】adj.被污染的 【举例】Almost all of Britain＇s beaches are pollutcd. 英国所有的海滩几乎都被污染丁。 The water in the river once was clear but now polluted. 这条河里的水曾经很清澈但是现在被污染了。 【拓展】pollution是不可数名词，意为“污染物，污染”。pol-lutc是动词，意为“污染”。 The men were cleaning all the pollution of the shorc. The river has been polluted by chemicals. 这条河被化学物质污染了。 Waste gases from factories pollute the air. 从工厂排出来的废气对空气有污染。 【应用】单项选择。 (1)The air in this area has a strange smell,but we it. A. polluted;used to B.polluted;are used to C.polluting;used to D.polluting;are used to 答案：B 句意：“这个地区被污染的空气有一种奇怪的味道，但我们已经习惯了它。”因为作定语要表达被动，所以用pol-luted，“习惯于某事”是be used to sth。 (2)We should stop the factories the river. A.to pollute B.from polluting C.from pollution D.to polluting 答案：B 句意：“我们应该阻止那些工厂污染河流。”stop sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”。 3.rapid 【用法】adj.快速的；感光快的；险峻的勺；n.急流；高速交通工具，高速交通网 【举例】He walked at a rapid pace along Charles Street. 他快步走过查尔斯大街。 Run the rapids.冲过急流。 The rapid change has been astounding. 巨大的改变已令人吃惊。 【拓展】fast和rapid虽然有时可以互换使用，但它们有差异，fast强调物体进行相对运动。 如：a fast horse，a fast train。 （1）fast可做副词。如： He runs fast and wins the first prize.他跑得快得了第一名。 而rapid只表示运动着的物体或事物的本身状况，并不涉及单位时间内所越过的距离。如： It is a rapid river.那是一条湍急的河。 He worked rapidly in the darkness.他在黑暗中动作迅速。 quick修饰事情发生得快，占用的时间少，也不涉及速度。如： Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves.罗伊的动作迅速，开着公共汽车直向小偷扑去。 speedy在修饰人或人的动作时，含有“急忙”的意思，在修饰物体的相对运动时，强调直线运动的速度，或沿着一定道路前进的速度。如： He is a speedy worker.他干活很利索。 这几个词的同词根副词与形容词的含义相同。 【应用】完成句子。 这位老人攀登这条陡峭的上坡路有困难。 The old man had difficulty as-cent. 答案：climbing the rapid 4.increase 【用法】v.＆n.增长；增加 【举例】The population of this town has increased by 5 per-cent．这个镇的人口增长了5％。 【链接】increase by＋倍数或百分数，表示“增加了······倍（百分之）”，increase to＋具体的增长后的数字，表示“增加到了······” 【应用】完成句子。 我想要提高我的阅读速度。 I want my reading speed. 答案：to increase 5.(all) over again 【用法】再；重新 【举例】He had to prove himself all over again. 他不得不重新证明自己。 The whole process started all over again. 整个程序又再次开始了。 I＇ll have to write it all over again.我得从头再写一遍。 【拓展】No matter what happens keep on beginning each time you fall，start all over again.不管发生什么，每一次失败后，不气馁，再重新开始。 【应用】用所给词的适当形式填空。 咱们再从头来。 Let's do the job 答案：all over again 6.at present 【用法】at present＝atthis time；at this moment 现在；目前 【举例】She＇s busy at present and can＇t speak to you. 她现在很忙，不能和你谈话。 I am tired at present.现在我很累。 At present children under 14 are not permitted in bars. 目前，14岁以下儿童不允许进酒吧。 【拓展】n.现在；礼物；瞄准 vt.介绍；出现；提出；赠送 vi.举枪瞄准 He got a lot of beautiful presents on his ninth birthday. 他九岁生日时，收到了许多漂亮的礼物。 How many people were present at the meeting? 到会的有多少人？ 【应用】选择正确答案。 ( ) present,he is busy writing his report about science. A.In B.At C.For 答案：B 7.at the speed of 【用法】以······的速度；at the speed of 强调速度是持续的，at a speed of 强调一个瞬间的速度，是一个点上面的。 【举例】The airplane will travel at twice the speed of sound. 这架飞机的速度将是音速的两倍。 You should drive at the speed of traffic. 你应该以规定的速度行驶。 【应用】翻译。 飞机以光速飞行。 答案：The spacecraft travels at the speed oflight. 8.uncomfortable 【用法】adj.不舒服的；令人不舒服的；不自在的；不安的 【举例】He felt uncomfortable because of being criticized to his face.当面说了他两句，他就抹不开了。 I feel uncomfortable in this chair. 我坐这张椅子觉得不舒服。 【应用】用所给词的适当形式填空。 That hard chair is (comfortable). I don't like sit-ting on it. 答案：uncomfortable 9.in the form of 【用法】呈······的形式；以······的形式 【举例】The donation are given in the form of money. 捐赠是以金钱的形式给予的。 On this show,your voice will be heard-in the form of my voice.在这个节目中，会听到你的声音-那会以我的声音的形式出现。 【拓展】in form 在形式上（竞技）状态（好） a form of 一种······的形式 take the form of 表现为······的形式 written form 书面形式 fill in the form 填写表格 【举例】If she is in form，she can win the match easily. 如果她竞技状态好，她可以轻易赢得这场比赛。 Could you fill in the form,please? 请你填一下这张表格好吗？ 【应用】单项选择。 (1)You'll be more polite if you make a request -a question. A.in search of B. in the form of C.in need of D. in the direction of 答案：B 句意：“以问题形式向对方提出请求会显得你更有礼貌。”in the form of“以······的方式、形式”，in search of“寻找”，in need of“需要”，in the drection of“朝······方向”。 (2)Listen to the weather report and fill in the A.robot B.form C.tent D.sunglasses 答案：B 句意：“听天气预报填表。”fill in the form“填表”。 10.tasty 【用法】adj.美味的，可口的；高雅的，有品味的；有趣的 n.可口的东西；引人入胜的东西 【举例】What a tasty pie！多好吃的派啊！ This fish is very tasty／delicious.这种鱼很好吃. 【拓展】taste vt.品尝 n.味道 The patient has not tasted food for two days. 病人两天没吃东西了。 The taste of blood in her throat made her want to vomit. 她嗓子里的血腥味让她直恶心。 【应用】用所给词的适当形式填空。 I don't like the noodles they are awful not (taste). 答案：tasty 11.specially 【用法】adv.特别地；专门地；特意地.格外地 【举例】Another medal was specially struck for him. 专门为他铸造了另一枚奖章。 It can become extremely hot and dry, specially in a small glasshouse.空气会变得特别炎热干燥，特别是在一个小玻璃房里。 【拓展】especially是副词，意为“尤其”“特别”，通常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的说明或补充。例： It＇s especially hot today.今天天气特别热。 He likes all subjects,especially English. 他喜欢所有的学科，尤其是英语。 specially 也是副词，意为“专门地”“特地”，表示不是为了别的，而只是为了······，强调唯一目的。例： He came here specially to say sorry to her. 他特意来这里向她道歉。 He returned to her hometown specially to see her sick mother. 她回到家乡专门看望生病的母亲 【应用】完成句子。 我们必须穿特殊设计的靴子来让我们自己更沉。 We have to wear boots to make ourselves much heavier. 答案：specially designed 12.float 【用法】v.浮起 【举例】Empty things float.空的物体会在水中浮起。 A fresh egg will sink and an old egg will float. 新鲜鸡蛋会沉下去而不新鲜的会浮在上面。 Oil will float on water.油总是浮在水面上。 【应用】完成句子。 游泳圈帮助小孩子浮起来。 The _helps young children 答案：swimming float；float 13.compare 【用法】vi.＆.vt.比作；比较；对照；比得上；相比 【举例】We may compare the world to a stage. 我们可以把世界比作一个舞台。 Compare the two and take the better one. 比较两者，选取较好的。 Nothing can compare with wool for warmth. 从保暖性能来看，没有什么东西能与羊毛相比。 【拓展】compare...to...将······同······作比较；把······比作······compare..with...将······同······比较 【举例】The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poem. 诗人在他的诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。 She compared her answer with the one given in the book. 她把自己的答案与书中给的答案作了比较。 【警示】过去分词短语 compared with 和 compared to 表示“与······比起来”，在句中常用作状语，可位于句首或句尾。 【举例】This road is quite busy compared with／to ours. 与我们那条路相比，这条路要繁忙得多。 Children seem to learn more interesting things compared with/to when we were at school. 与我们在学校时相比，孩子们似乎学到了更多有趣的东西。 【应用】单项选择。 (1) with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A.Compare B. When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared 答案：D 句意：“与整个地球相比较，最大的海洋看起来并不大。”用“When compared...”作状语。 (2)-Why are most children under too much pressure? -Because their parents always compare them oth-ers. A.with B. C.in D.of 答案：A 句意：“-为什么大多数孩子压力很大？-因为他们的父母总是拿他们与别人比较。”compare...with...“把······与······比较”。 14.rapidly 【用法】adv.很快地，迅速地；立即 【举例】A child develops between the ages of 13 and 16． 孩子在13到16岁之间发育得很快。 A foreign language cannot be learned rapidly.It must be learned step by step.外语并非在短时间内就能学会，学外语是一个循序渐进的过程。 【拓展】rapid adj.迅速的，敏捷的；快的，湍急的；陡峭的，险峻的 【举例】a rapid river 湍急的河流 They asked their questions in rapid succession. 他们连珠炮似地提出了一系列问题。 【应用】用所给词的适当形式填空。 His English develops (rapid)with the help of his teacher. 答案：rapidly 语句详解 1.At present,our spacecraft are too slow to carry large num-bers of passengers to Mars...目前，我们的宇宙飞船速度太慢，因而不能将大量的乘客运到火星上去······ 【解析】句中“too...to...”结构意为“太······而不能······”，表示否定意义，too后接形容词或副词的原级，to后接动词原形。 【举例】English is too difficult for Lingling to learn. 英语对玲玲来讲太难，她学不会。 His brother is too excited to fall asleep. 他哥哥激动得睡不着觉。 【拓展】“too...to...”结构表示否定时，可以和“so...that...”及“not...enough to..，”互相转换。 【举例】The boy is too young to go to school. =The boy is so young that he can't go to school. =The boy is not old enough to go to school. 【警示】“too...to...”结构还可以有其否定形式，即“not (never)too...to....”或“too..，not to...”。这时，由于用了双重否定，它就不再表示否定意思，而是表示肯定意思。例如： It＇s never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。 He is too clever not to see that.他很聪明，不会不懂那件事。 【应用】单项选择。 (1)"It is never too late ,"Mother said to me. A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learnt 答案：B (2)She was so weak that she couldn't take care of her baby.（改为同义句） She was_weak take care of her baby. 答案：too，to 2.Every student would have a computer at home connected to an interplanetary network.每个学生家里都有一台电脑，同行星之间的网络相连接。 【用法】本句中的connected to是过去分词作定语，过去分词相当于一个被动语态的定语从句，即所修饰的名词是从句谓语动作的对象，即“which is connected”。 【举例】He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。 Is there anything unsolved？还有什么（问题）没有解决吗？ 【警示】过去分词作定语可以置于被修饰的名词之前，亦可置其后，但都表示被动意义。主动意义往往用现在分词。但英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉”，现在分词与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系；其过去分词含有被动意味，即“人被引起某种感觉”。如：moving（令人感动的）和moved（受感动的）；frightening（吓人的）和frightened（受惊吓的）；pleasing（令人高兴的）和pleased（高兴的；满意的）；encouraging（令人鼓舞的）和encouraged（受鼓舞的）；exciting（令人兴奋的；激动人心的）和excited（兴奋的；激动的）。 【举例】Most of people invited to the party were his school-mates.应邀参加聚会的大部分人都是他的校友。 The young man siting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。 【应用】单项选择。 (1)Prices of daily goods through a computer can be much lower than store prices. A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying 答案：B 由于货物和购买存在逻辑上的被动关系，因而用过去分词。句意：“通过网上购买的日常用品的价格比商店价格低得多。” (2) Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 答案：A 此处艺术家和邀请存在逻辑上的被动关系，因而用过去分词。句意：“大部分被邀请到聚会上的艺术家都是来自南非。” 3. Our own planet, the Earth, is becoming more and more crowded and polluted because of the rapid increase of population.我们的地球因为人口的迅速增长变得越来越拥挤和污染。 【用法1】more and more是副词短语，意为“越来越······”，形容词短语，意为“越来越多的”。 【举例】The children got more and more excited. 孩子们越来越兴奋。 More and more young people like watching football match. 越来越多的年轻人喜欢看足球比赛。 【拓展】英语中很多形容词的比较级重叠使用都表示“越来越······”，但more or less为副词词组，意为“大约，差不多，或多或少”。 【举例】It＇s ten minutes＇ walk，more or less. 大约步行10分钟的路程。 It took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling. 粉刷天花板用了将近一整天的时间。 【应用】单项选择。 The boy's growing because he keeps eating. A.fat and fat B. more and more fat C.fatter and fatter D.fatter and fattest 答案：C 句意：“由于不停地吃，这个男孩长得越来越胖。”fat的比较级不需要加more，要用fatter and fatter。 【用法2】population n．人口；群体 【举例】The population of this country rose by 10 percent． 这个国家的人口增长了百分之十。 The country has a population of 100 million. 这个国家有一亿人口。 The elephant population in that area is falling. 那个地区的大象总数在下降。 【警示】①population常与定冠词the连用，作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 ②当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词 ③有时population可用作可数名词，其前可用不定冠词。 ④表示人口的“多”或“少”，不用“much”或“little”，而要用“large”或“small”。 ⑤询问某国、某地有多少人口时，不用“How much...？”，而用“How large...？”；在问具体人口时用“What...？”。 【举例】The world＇s population is increasing faster and fas-ter.全世界的人口增长得越来越快。 What is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少？ 【应用】单项选择。 (1)-Which city has population,Shanghai,Hong Kong or Qingdao? -Shanghai,of course. A.the smallest B.the least C.the most D.the largest 答案：D 句意：“-上海，香港，青岛，哪个城市人口最多？-当然是上海。”从回答看应该是问哪个人口最多，只能用the largest。 (2) is the population of Japan,do you know? A.How many B.How much C.Which D.What 答案：D 句意：“你知道日本的人口是多少吗？”当问到具体人口时用what。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$