2025年人教版中考英语一轮复习第八讲

英语学科讲义 学员编号: 年 级:九年级 课 时 数: 2 学员姓名: 辅导科目:英语 学科教师: Jack(章老师) 授课类型 中考知识和题型讲解 专题 能力 ( 学习目标:1.掌握阅读题型细节理解题的解题技巧 2.学习非谓语动词之动名词 3. 以浙江单拼中考题为文本,掌握中考常考单词 ) ( 细节理解题的解题技巧 )(大脑放电影~) 细节题: 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。 在做阅读理解题时,除了首先要抓住文章的主旨和大意外,还必须弄清楚文中的一些重要细节或事实。细节题在阅读理解部分占相当大一部分,涉及的内容很广,如时间、地点、人物、数字、原因、结果、文字结构等。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点:(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂,正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂,甚至真假混杂。因此,要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目,一要在文章中找出相应的信息点,二要排除干扰项。 细节题的提问形式常见的有: (1) According to the passage, when/where/what / who/how/why…? (2) Which of the following statements is TRUE? (3)According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT… (4) Which of the following is not mentioned? (5) Which of the following is Not True in the passage? (6) Choose the right order of this passage. (7) From this passage we know _. ( 课堂检测 )(你都掌握了没有呢~~~) Abby’s Lesson ① When talking about obeying rules, Abby will never forget her experience with her father and her pet Tobias, a small mouse at the airport years ago. ② One day, Abby’s father was taking her to visit her grandmother and they are not allowed to take a mouse into another country. It was a rule. But Abby put the mouse into her sock in her bag secretly without telling her dad. When they arrived at the airport, they had to be checked by the X-ray machine. Abby felt her legs shaking and her heart beating fast. Unexpectedly, they passed. ③ On the plane, Abby opened up the bag after her dad and the woman next to her fell asleep. Tobias was excited to jump out from the bag. He landed upside down on the woman’s knee. The woman screamed loudly so that many people on the plane heard the voice. At that moment, Abby put Tobias into her bag quickly. But her dad didn’t know at all but slept. ④ After they landed, Abby’s dad ticked (打勾) NO on a paper to: “Are you bringing any live animals into the country?” But a man at the X-ray machine asked Abby to open her bag. Abby had to open and pulled out the sock. Then the man led Abby and her father into a small, dark room. There were some people in uniforms. Tobias was in the sock on the desk. One police officer talked to Abby’s dad. “This is very serious, ” he said, “You have tried to smuggle (偷运) an animal into this country and you have lied on the paper. ” “It’s my fault, ” Abby said in a small voice, “Dad didn’t know I had Tobias. ” The police officer stared at her, “What’s your name? Have you ever been in trouble before?” Abby opened her mouth, but no sound came out. At last, her dad had to pay a big fine ( 罚 款 ) for what Abby did. It cost a lot of money. And Tobias had to go into quarantine (隔离检疫) for six months. ⑤ It must be a real lesson for Abby. From then on, she never breaks the rules any more. ( )Which is the correct order of the story? a. Abby put Tobias into the sock in her bag. b. Tobias was sent to quarantine for half a year. c. They succeeded in passing through the X-ray machine. d. Tobias jumped onto a woman’s knee and scared her a lot. A. a-c-b-d B. d-c-b-a C. d-b-c-a D. a-c-d-b Loneliness, a natural feeling, is not something most people want to experience. When you feel lonely as a result of missing a loved one or a place, or preparing for a time spent away from your friends and family, here are some suggestions for you to avoid it. Focus on your health. Studies have shown that poor sleep, lack of physical activity and unhealthy food can let you feel tired and sad, causing the feeling of loneliness. Try to get eight hours of sleep every night, try to take part in at least 30 minutes of physical activity, and don’t eat junk food. Eating more fruit and vegetables will also help. Bring an old hobby back to life. It’s much more difficult to feel lonely if you’re actively enjoying an activity, especially one that you are good at. If you’ve got a hobby that you love, try to spare time for your hobby even if you are busy, such as reading, playing a sport, cooking, painting. Avoid staying at home all day long. Spending your time in nature will probably improve your feelings and help you get over loneliness. Sunshine makes you feel happier and less focused on your loneliness. You can go hiking, go boating or go on a bike ride if you are not interested in just walking around. You may go for a coffee with your friends or even make big plans so that you have events to look forward to. First, you can think about the possible activities you might want to take part in. Then, spend a few days planning out the event, so that you are fully prepared and stress-free. If possible, include other people in your plan to make your activity more interesting. All in all, it seems that facing your own loneliness is the first step to avoid loneliness. Do your best to follow the things above. It takes efforts, but it is worth your try. ( )Why do people feel lonely? A. Because they live in a poor place. B. Because they miss their loved people. C. Because they like to experience that feeling. D. Because they don’t want to stay with their friends and family. ( )According to Paragraph 2, which of the following may lead to loneliness? A. Junk food. B. Enough sleep. C. Physical activity. D. Fruit and vegetables. ( )What can you learn from Paragraph 4? A. Spending time planning the event will make us feel stressed. B. Spending time at home alone can help avoid loneliness. C. Enjoy the sunshine and we can feel less lonely. D. It’s impossible to meet friends often. It’s a pity that deaf people, or those who have hearing problems, can’t enjoy music. But now a vibrating (振动的) suit brings them hope — it can allow them to “feel” music through their skin, rather than hear it. The special suit is able to translate music into some vibrating pulses (节拍). And the users can choose different levels. Chase Burton, 33, a deaf film-maker from Texas, US, has been testing out the suit for four years. He understands that a deaf person’s experience with music is very different. “When I was a kid, I’d lie on the floor so I could feel the vibrations from my brother’s music playing. ” Burton told CNN. Now when he wears the vibrating suit, he says the sound hits different parts of his body. “Maybe it will shake me strongly in my knees first. And then I’ll start to feel the vibrations in my back. And then I’ll feel some pulsations. ” Burton said. The designers have been working on helping a large number of deaf people to have a chance of a musical experience. In 2016, some prototype (样品) suits were tested at a Lady Gaga concert in the US. The suit was also tested at a different concert in Las Vegas in 2019. It was given to 150 audiences (听众) at the concert, where half the audience members were deaf and half could hear. At the same time, the company has been improving the technology and planned to put it into the market soon. And the final goal of the company is to make the technology available to all. “We truly think that anything that has an audio element (元素) can also have a vibrational experience associated with it as well, ” the company’s talent and business development director, Jordan Richardson, told CNN. ( )How does the vibrating suit help deaf people? A. By improving their hearing. B. By changing the loudness of sound. C. By turning music into some vibrating pulses. D. By sending music to their ears easily and quickly. ( )Why does the writer mention Burton’s experience? A. Because he wants to introduce different ways people enjoy music. B. Because he wants to tell how different it is for a deaf person to enjoy music. C. Because he wants to show the sadness for not having the technology earlier. D. Because he wants to call on designers to make better products for deaf people. Is there a connection between music and language? According to recent studies, the answer is yes: Music helps develop certain language abilities in the brain. A study from Northwestern University shows that playing a musical instrument can improve a person's hearing ability. As a part of the study, two groups of people listened to a person talking in a noisy room. The people in the first group were musicians, while those in the second group had no musical training. The musicians were found to be able to hear the talking person more clearly. Musicians hear better, says study leader Nina Kraus, because they learn to pay attention to certain sounds. For example, when the violinists play in an orchestra(管弦乐队), they must listen closely to what they are playing and ignore(忽视)the other sounds. In this way, musicians can hear certain sounds better, even in a room with lots of noise. Gotfried Schlaug, a doctor at Harvard Medical School, works with stroke(中风)patients. Because of their illness, these people cannot say their names, addresses, or other information normally However, they can till sing. Dr. Schlaug was surprised to find singing words helped his patients finally speak. Why does this work? Schlaug isn't sure. Music seems to be able to make different parts of the brain active, including the bad parts. In some way, this helps patients use those parts of the brain again. So music is not only enjoyable, but also good for us in many other ways. Playing an instrument or singing, says Nina Kraus, can help us do better in school and keep our brain sharp as we get older. ( )What were the people in the first group asked to do in the study of Northwestern University? A. Listen to different kinds of music. B. Make some noise in an empty room. C. Give the second group musical training. D. Find out what the talking person was saying. ( )Gottfried Schlaug helps his stroke patients speak by . A. playing music for them B. getting them to sing words C. teaching them to play instruments D. joining the bad parts of their brain It's late evening in the middle of the winter. The snow is deep, but off I go into the wild. Suddenly, I hear it: the howl(嚎叫)of wolves. Excitedly, I walk faster in the direction of the howling. I've been working as a volunteer wolf tracker in Yellowstone National Park for over a year It's my job to follow wolves to record information about them. Like wolves, however, I don't work alone. I'm one of a team of people who have been in a project to help reintroduce wolves to the park. Humans have always feared wolves. From fairy tales to movies, the wolf is always the bad guy —a danger to humans and other animals. In the 1920s, the organizers of the park shared this view about wolves and made the decision to drive them away from the park. As a result, the number of elk (麋鹿)in the park increased. The elk started looking for food near river banks since they didn't have to worry about wolves. This, in turn, stopped trees from growing along the rivers, doing great harm to the environment there. The return of wolves has already made a big difference. To begin with, the elk soon learned to stay away from the rivers, so new trees have been able to grow there. The trees become home to new wildlife, such as birds, and provide food for more animals. The park is now becoming more and more popular with those who want to see wolves in their natural environment. It has also helped the local people make more money. Tourists visit the area, stay in the local hotels, and eat in the local restaurants. Looking at the wild animals and the beautiful sceneries around me, I am amazed at the changes the wolf has made to Yellowstone. And happily, it is playing a good guy in this story. ( )According to the passage, one of a wolf tracker’s jobs is to . A. catch wolves in the park B. feed wolves in the wild C. stop wolves from killing elk D. collect information about wolves ( )Why did the organizers drive the wolves away from the park in the 1920s? A. The wolves were always howling at night. B. The elk in the park were in danger of dying out. C. The wolves had done great harm to the environment. D. The park was thought to be unsafe with wolves around. ( 单拼做题技巧巧 )(总结一下你的收获吧~ ) 1. 多积累平时练习中的单拼题和阅读理解中反复出现的中考高频词汇 2. 掌握记忆单词拼写和中文意思的记忆方法 3. 从已知词汇出发,推测整句话的意思进而决定填哪个单词 4. 在填词时要注意单词的形式是否需要变化 ( 课堂检测 )(大脑放电影~) 1. If we do our homework more carefully, we will make fewer m_. 2. I saw Lucy looking for her key at this time last time. And I want to know if she has f_ it. 3. We all came to the party on time e_ Tim, because he lived far from here. 4. It’s noisy here, so I can’t hear you c_ on the phone. Please call me later. 5. Teenagers should mind their s_ wherever they are, because accidents may happen at any time. 6. My brother likes sleeping with the window open u it’s really cold. 7. As middle school students, we shouldn’t d_ too much on our parents. We should learn to look after ourselves. 8. We can hardly believe the 3-year-old boy h_ found the way back home without others’ help. 9. I have rested at home for a week. I began to feel b_ and wanted to return to school soon. 10. December is the t_ month and it is the last month of a year. ( 语法知识 )(你都掌握了没有呢~~~) 用法详解:  动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。其构成法与现在分词一样, 有时态和语态的变化,其否定形式直接在动名词前加not即可。 1. 动名词的作用 动名词具有名词的性质, 因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 (1)作主语 如:Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Playing basketball is interesting. 打篮球很有趣 (2)作表语 动名词作表语时, 句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或由what引导的名词性从句。作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系, 表示主语的内容, 主语、表语可互换位置。如: Your task is cleaning the windows. Cleaning the windows is your task. 你的任务就是擦窗户。 What I hate most is being laughed at. Being laughed at is what I hate most. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (3)作宾语 ①作动词的宾语 某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语, 不能用不定式。常见的此类动词(词组)有:advise, allow, permit, avoid, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, practice, give up, suggest, keep on, can't help(情不自禁)等。如: I have already finished reading this book. 我已经读完这本书了。 ②作介词的宾语 介词后如果接动词作宾语, 常要用动名词形式。如:think about, worry about, be/get used to, look forward to, pay attention to等。如: We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制订新的计划。 We're looking forward to receiving your letter. 我们盼望收到你的来信。 ③作形容词的宾语 如:We are busy preparing for the coming sports meeting. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 (4)作定语 动名词作定语时往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如: a walking stick 拐杖 a washing machine 洗衣机 a reading room 阅览室 2. 含有动名词的结构 It is no use /good doing sth. 做某事是没有用的 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 spend time/money doing sth. 花时间/钱做某事 have difficulty/fun/problems doing sth. 做某事有困难/乐趣 【易错警示】 三、既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词 1. 有的动词后面既可接动词不定式, 也可接动名词作宾语, 意义不变。如:begin, start, hate, like, love等。 2. 有些动词后接不定式或动名词时, 意义差别较大。如: forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(事还没做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(事已做) remember to do sth. 记得要做某事(事还没做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(事已做) stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事(去做另一件事) stop doing sth. 停止做某事(不做了) try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 go on to do sth. 继续去做某事(继续做不同的事) go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事(同一动作的继续) 如:Don't forget to close the windows before you leave. 你离开前别忘记关窗户。 Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport? 你忘了在北京机场已经见过她了吗? ( 课堂 检测 )(真金不怕火炼) 填写正确的动词形式 1. My family enjoy _ (read)books in the city library in our spare time. 2. My mother says _ (drink)a glass of milk every day is good for our health. 3. —Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world. —Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid _(buy) products made in China. 4. — Bob, I’m not good at English. What should I do? — Why not _ (join)an English club to practice _(speak) English. 5. Volunteers in our community are busy _ (get) ready for the coming charity show. 6. —What did you do this Sunday? — Well, I spent half a day (work)on the farm with my grandparents. 7. My sister used to _ (ride)bikes to school, but now she is used to _ (work) to school because she wants to exercise. 8. What did you think of the educational visit? Did you mind _ (be) away from home for so long? 9. On January 29th, 2020, Zhong Nanshan and his team _ (spend) over four hours online _(check) five patients who were seriously ill, and made a treatment plan for those patients. 10. — The movie Hi, Mom, which was directed by Jia Ling, is well worth _(see). — Really? Then I will book two tickets for the movie online right away. 11.—Your father _ (need)to take these pills . It’s not good for memory. —But this morning he could remember _ (stay)with Bob last night. 12.— I regret _ (talk)back to my mother. I couldn’t control myself at that moment. — You should _ (say)sorry to her right now. 13.—I’m afraid I can’t pass the maths exam. —Don’t worry. I’ll spend as much time as I can _(help) you with it. 14.—To fight against the COVID-19, people should wear masks and avoid _(gather) in public. —I agree with you. People all over the world _(support) each other so far. 15.—How about going shopping this Saturday, Tina? —I prefer _ (stay)at home to _ (go)out for shopping. ( 回顾小结 )(总结一下你的收获吧~) 课后作业 填写动词的正确形式 1. —What’s wrong with your grandpa’s flower? —Most plants require regularly _(water). 2. Although the book_ (cost)me nearly 100 yuan, it’s really worth _(read). 3. I used to _ (get up)late, but now I am used to _ (get up)early. 4. _(plant) more trees can help to protect the Earth and make it more beautiful. 5. — You don’t know what great difficulty I had _ (get)the two tickets. — But the film is really worth _ (see)twice. 6. I prefer (live)in the peaceful countryside to living in the big city, because that makes me _(relax). 7. — Anyone shouldn’t _ (allow)use fire outdoors. —Yeah, and we should pay attention to _ (protect)our forests and grasslands. 8. Dear friends, _ ( try)your best and relaxing yourselves are two helpful ways to get a high grade in this exam. Wish you success. 9. The girl is often heard practice _ (sing)in the music room. Her voice sounds beautiful. 10.—COP 15(《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会)will be held in Kunming in October. —China is looking forward to _ (have)conversations with the world. 11.—It is reported that many sea animals have died because of waste masks. —People must stop _ (litter)waste masks into the sea. 12.— Baby, would you mind _(help) me cook the fish? — Of course not. I can’t wait _ (taste)it! 13.—Nowadays, many young people get used to_ (stay up)late every day. —Exactly. But that’s not a good habit. Everyone faces difficulties in their life. Daniel Kish was born with a special eye illness and lost his eyesight before he was only 14 months old. Soon after, however, he started to do an amazing thing. He learned to make clicks (咔哒声) with his tongue to help him move around. Kish now moves about using sonar (声纳). He is so good at it that he can ride a bicycle by himself on public roads. And he started the organization World Access for the Blind (WAFTB) in 2000, teaching others how to use sonar. In the interview with National Geographic, he explains how the sonar works. "When I make a click sound, it produces sound waves. These waves reflect (反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then deals with the sound and turns it into pictures in my mind. Each click is like a camera flash, which helps me make a 3-D picture of my surroundings for hundreds of feet. It's like having a conversation with the environment." Kish feels it is exciting to ride a bike using sonar, although he needs to click twice a second, much more than he usually does. "It may sound a bit dangerous to move around the world in this way," he says. "But most people in the world live in fear of things that they imagine. I love hiking and mountain-biking. I go almost everywhere. And I've never had an accident and hurt myself." He is happy to be able to help more blind children to improve their life. "We've served over 10, 000 students in nearly 40 countries," he tells the reporter. "Many students are surprised how quickly results come. Seeing isn't in the eyes. It's in the mind." ( )1.Which of the following is the right order showing how the sonar works? ①The sound waves reflect off surfaces. ②The person makes a clicking sound. ③The brain turns the sound into pictures. ④The sound waves reach the person's ears. A. ①④③② B. ②①④③ C. ①④②③ D. ②③①④ ( )2.What can we learn about World Access for the Blind (WAFTB) from the passage? A. It offers the blind free bicycles. B. It sells sonar products to the blind. B. C. It teaches the blind to use sonar. D. It helps the blind find more friends. The 23rd April is World Book Day, but do you know that it is also Shakespeare Day? Everybody has heard of Shakespeare, but do you know how many plays he wrote? Shakespeare’s plays fit into three kinds: tragedies (悲剧), comedies and histories. Perhaps Shakespeare’s most famous play is the tragic story of Romeo and Juliet. It is about two young lovers who couldn’t get married because of their parents. Other tragedies include Hamlet, Othello and Macbeth. If you’ve seen Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, you’ll know “hubble bubble boil and trouble, fire burn and cauldron bubble” which is sung in the Great Hall. These words just come from Macbeth! Shakespeare’s comedies include Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Twelfth Night. In Twelfth Night, everybody falls in love with the wrong person, but it is all made right in the end. The history plays, such as Antony and Cleopatra, Richard III and Henry V are based on the lives of real historical people. Antony and Cleopatra is a story that happened in ancient Egypt. Anthony loved Cleopatra so much. They died after the Egypt army was beaten in the war. Shakespeare’s plays can be very heavy going sometimes. Some of the topics they deal with are heavy, so they almost always have a lighter subplot (次要情节) with characters who don’t have close relationships with the characters in the main plot. They are usually used in tragedies to lighten the mood (气氛) of the play and to keep the readers interested in the main plot. ( )1. Which play is one of Shakespeare’s comedies? A. Macbeth. B. Henry V. C. Twelfth Night. D. Hamlet. ( )2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Shakespeare Day and World Book Day are in different months. B. The story Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban comes from Macbeth. C. Romeo and Juliet is one of the most famous tragedies by Shakespeare. D. Shakespear’s history plays are based on the lives of unreal historical people. ( )3. What did Shakespeare usually use to make his tragedies feel not so heavy? A. Several love stories. B. His own experiences. C. Some strange words. D. Characters in a light subplot. ( )4. What’s the purpose of this reading passage? A. To show the history of Shakespeare Day. B. To present Shakespeare’s early life. C. To tell the ways for writing English plays. D. To introduce Shakespeare’s plays. ( 2 ) ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$