第2部分 词类 专题1 名词(必考)-【夺冠百分百】2025年中考英语冲刺复习PPT

专题一　名词(必考) 山东鑫聚仁数字制作中心 【课标导图】 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› 【课标导图】 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› 【考情分析】 考点 考向 考题 题型 考频 名词词义辨析 语境选词 2024,41,47,48;2023,42,47,50;2022,48,49;2021,41,43;2020,35,41,43,49 单项选择, 完形填空 5年14考 名词的数 可数名词 变复数 2024,72,76;2023,76;2022,76;2021,77;2020,75 词语运用 5年6考 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› 重难点一　可数名词变复数 1.规则变化 规 则 变 化 例词 规律 year→years friend→friends interest→interests hour→hours answer→answers mistake→mistakes 1.一般情况,词尾直接加①　　  face→faces house→houses 2.一般情况,以-ce,-se,-ze等结尾的词,词尾直接加-s -s 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› 续表 规 则 变 化 例词 规律 boy→boys toy→toys 3.以元音字母加-y结尾的词,词尾直接加-s radio→radios zoo→zoos 4.以元音字母加-o结尾的词,词尾直接加-s watch→watches bus→②　 　  5.以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的词,词尾加③　　  baby→④　 　  story→stories 6.以辅音字母加-y结尾的词,⑤　　   knife→⑥　 　  leaf→leaves 7.以字母-f/-fe结尾的词,⑦　　   buses -es babies 变y为i,再加-es knives 变f/fe为v,再加-es 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› 续表 规 则 变 化 例词 规律 photo→photos hero→heroes tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes 以o结尾的词在词尾加-s,但hero,tomato,potato等词在词尾加⑧　　  -es 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› 2.不规律变化   例词 规律 不 规 则 变 化 foot→①　　  tooth→②　　　　  man→③　　　　  mouse→④　　  woman→⑤　　   (特例:boot的复数形式为boots) 改变单数名词中的元音字母 ox→oxen(公牛) child→⑥　　   词尾加-en或 -ren sheep,deer,fish(表示鱼的种类多时,fish的复数为fishes) 单复数形式相同 feet teeth men mice women children 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› 续表   例词 规律 不 规 则 变 化 trousers,glasses(眼镜), clothes,pants,jeans, shorts,scissors 只有复数形式 Chinese→⑦　　   Japanese→⑧　 　  表示 “某国 人”的 名词的 单复 数形式 单复数同形 Englishman→⑨　　   Frenchman→⑩　　   变词尾的man 为men Chinese Japanese Englishmen Frenchmen 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› 续表   例词 规律 不 规 则 变 化 German→⑪　 　  Roman→⑫　　   American→⑬　 　  Canadian→⑭　 　  表示“某 国人”的 名词的单 复数形式 词尾 加-s 中日不变,英法变, 其他后面加-s 巧学妙记 Germans Romans Americans Canadians 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› 重难点二　构词法——派生法 后缀 表达意义 例词 -er/-or 从事某 事的人 ①　 　　歌手  ②　　 　老师  ③　　 　游客  ④　 　　发明家  -ian 精通…… 的人 ⑤　　 　音乐家  ⑥　　 　魔术师  -ist 专业人员 ⑦　 　　艺术家  ⑧　　 　科学家  singer teacher visitor inventor musician magician artist scientist 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› 重难点二　构词法——派生法 后缀 表达意义 例词 -ment/-ness 行为、性质 或状态等 ⑨　　 　发展  ⑩　　 　善良  -ion ⑪　　 　 行动  ⑫　 　　收藏品  -ance/-ence ⑬　　 　入口  ⑭　　 　信心  -th/-(i)ty ⑮　 　　温暖  ⑯　　 　安全  -ing 物品,事情 ⑰　　 　会议  ⑱　　 　建筑物  development kindness action collection entrance confidence warmth safety meeting building 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› Ⅰ.单句填空 1.(2022保定清苑区二模)I am sorry after hearing about your　_________　　　(problem).  2.Sally thinks that old things always bring back sweet 　　　　(memory).  3.Look!The 　　　　(child) are having a good time flying kites in the park.  4.At the very heart of Beijing,the Palace Museum is the largest of all China's ancient 　 　　　(building).  5.The 　　　 　(connect) between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.  6.I bought two 　　 　　(notebook) yesterday.  7.There are many 　　　　(sheep) eating on the hill.  problems memories children buildings connection notebooks sheep 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› 8.Would you mind giving me some 　　　　(advise) on how to plant trees?  9.(2024凉山中考)It's only five 　　 　　(minute) walk from here,so you needn't take a bus.  10.(2024包头中考)Lucy's junior middle school teacher made a big_________ 　　　　(different) to her life.She wants to express her thanks to the teacher at the graduation ceremony.  Ⅱ.完形填空 A(2024保定竞秀区一模改编) Sam was worried.The following morning,he would have art class.It was his favorite class,but there was a 　1　.Sam saw the world differently from everybody else.When he drew,birds had different-sized wings,and buildings had strange shapes.Every time he painted a 　2　,his teachers and classmates would be surprised.  advice minutes’ difference 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› It was time for the art class.Nervously,Sam looked at the white piece of 　3　in front of him.  “Good morning,class,”said Mr. White.“Today,we're going to paint…” Sam waited,wondering what the next 　4　 would be.Please,he thought,not houses.Not buildings…  “We're going to paint 　5　,” said Mr. White with a smile.  “Yes! Great!” said Sam excitedly. “We can't paint that!”shouted Mike from the other side of the 　6　.  “Sure,you can,”replied Mr.White patiently.“Think about it,Mike.What makes you happy?” “Umm…beaches,sunshine,and…ice-cream!” said Mike.“I choose 　7　.”  目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› “Well,there you go.That's how you paint it.Start working!” said Mr. White. Sam was already painting.He splashed (泼洒) large amounts of paint all over the 　8　.It was really beautiful! There were shapes that we didn't have in the real world and the 　9　 were so shining.The whole class cheered and Sam looked proud.  From that day on,Sam was never nervous about 　10　 class.He knew that he could paint happiness no matter what he painted.  （ ）1.A.difference　 B.problem C.reason D.way （ ） 2.A.story B.diary C.song D.picture （ ） 3.A.paper B.blackboard C.milk D.sky （ ） 4.A.book B.photo C.friend D.word （ ） 5.A.buildings B.houses C.happiness D.summer B D A D C 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› （ ） 6.A.classroom B.playground C.library D.station （ ） 7.A.ice-cream B.bread C.meat D.chicken （ ） 8.A.book B.floor C.paper D.wall （ ） 9.A.colors B.shapes C.lines D.marks （ ） 10.A.history B.English C.math D.art B(2024重庆A卷中考改编) When I was a child, I wanted to be someone like my father.My father is a 　1　, and he has taught me a lot.On my tenth 　2　, he asked me, “What will you do when you grow up?” I answered the 　3　 proudly, “Be a teacher like you!” Hearing this,my father was very happy and said to me, “Try your best and your 　4　 will come true.”  In the fourth year of my college, I volunteered in a school.One of the 　5　 was ill.She wanted me to take her place for two 　6　.I was glad but A A C A D 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› nervous.My father said, “This is a good 　7　.I wish you success!” The next day, I was introduced to the class by the head teacher of the school.The 　8　 felt very happy.With other 　9　 help, I did very well.  Personally, the 　10　 has made me even more interested in being a teacher in the future.  （ ） 1.A.teacher B.worker C.farmer D.doctor （ ） 2.A.date B.day C.way D.birthday （ ） 3.A.competition B.require C.question D.progress （ ） 4.A.idea B.dream C.need D.competition （ ） 5.A.student B.students C.teacher D.teachers （ ） 6.A.week B.weeks C.week's D.weeks' （ ） 7.A.chance B.excuse C.journey D.result （ ） 8.A.child B.children C.children's D.child's A D C B D B A B 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› （ ） 9.A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers' D.teachers （ ） 10.A.trip B.education C.duty D.experience C Rain was loudly hitting my window when I woke up.Holidays are my only 　1　 to sleep in,but I couldn't because of the sound of the rain.My brain was awake and full of 　2　, so I decided to get up and finish my project.I went to a coffee shop and started taking 　3　 on what was happening around me.When I looked at the parking lot, an elderly couple in a car caught my 　4　.After parking,the woman got out and went to help her husband out of the car.Then they entered the 　5　 hand in hand.  As soon as they came inside,a race car appeared in the parking lot.With its four 　6　 open,I saw several teenagers.The young man who was driving it had turned up the 　7　 so high that I could hear it even in C D 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› the coffee shop.  However,they were not bad guys.They were just enjoying the music. A lot of memories came into my 　8　.I could not stop thinking about the people who have been by my side since I was young.  In the real world,everyone is different,but whether 　9　 or enemies, we are all still part of the same group—humans.When we disagree with others,why not take a 　10　 back,look carefully and try to understand them before judging them?  （ ） 1.A.treasure B.accident C.chance D.suggestion （ ） 2.A.ways B.rules C.secrets D.ideas （ ） 3.A.notes B.courses C.risks D.actions （ ） 4.A.memory B.attention C.praise D.support （ ） 5.A.shop B.school C.office D.hospital C D A B A 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› （ ） 6.A.flowers B.windows C.rooms D.bags （ ） 7.A.heat B.phone C.music D.movie （ ） 8.A.body B.heart C.head D.mind （ ） 9.A.relatives B.friends C.neighbors D.strangers （ ） 10.A.trip B.walk C.step D.rest B C D B C 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› Ⅲ.短文填空 A(2024秦皇岛青龙一模改编) Our family bought a new smart TV set last week.But we didn't know what we should do with our 1.　 　　　(family) old one.Then I saw an advertisement for Tech-Help.Tech-Help donates smart TV sets to people to meet 2.　　　 　(people) needs.  So far,Tech-Help has donated more than 2,000 smart TV sets to different families across the country.Last year, they 3.　　　　(give) smart TV sets to poor families.Yesterday, my brother and I took the old smart TV set to 4.　 　　　 (Mr.Zhang) shop.Two hours later, Tech-Help…collected it from the shop.They will clean the smart TV set and make it better.I'm excited we could do something to help the smart TV 5.______　　　　(set) new owner!  family’s people’s gave Mr.Zhang’s set’s 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› B(2024保定高碑店一模改编) Science and technology bring about great changes in our lives and help us a lot. Let's consider the 1.　 　　　(communicate) technology.The 2.　　　 　(invent) of the Internet and smartphones has completely changed the way we communicate.AI Sora is a new AI tool which is able to understand human language,learn from experiences,and make wise 3.　　 　　(decide) in different situations.One of the key advantages of AI Sora is its 4.　　　　(able) to understand natural language.This allows 5.　　　　(use) to communicate with the system,asking questions,answering in a polite way,changing words into videos and so on.  communication invention decisions ability users 目录 上页 首页 下页 ‹#› $$