Unit1语法 to do 不定式-2024- 2025学年鲁教版英语七年级下册

Unit 1 单元语法 ---- to do不定式 一、不定式to do的用法 动词不定式形式to+do (动词原形)，在句子中不能作谓语，是非谓语动词的一种形式； to do不定式在句子中可以充当多种成分：主语，宾语，宾补，表语，定语，状语；本单元重点讲解不定式作宾语，宾补与状语的用法！ 1、不定式用法：作主语。 不定式作主语，谓语用单数； To finish this work in half an hour is impossible. 不定式做主语时，常用it作形式主语，不定式放后面；常构成以下两个重点句型: It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. /// It takes sb. time to do sth. (1)It is+adj.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.做某事是. It is not easy to get good grades. It was important to lean to swim. 其中for sb.表示"对于某人来说”；用于形容“事、物 of sb.表示“某人是…”;用于形容“人” It is impossible for me to finish this work in half an hour. It is kind of you to help me with my homework (2)It takes(sb.) time to do sth.做某事花费(某人)多少时间 It takes him 20 minutes to get to school. It took her one hour to practice playing the piano. 2、不定式用法：作宾语与宾语补足语。 也就是我们经常用的 ... to do sth. 与 ... sb. to do sth. 动词不定式作宾语，常构成:动词+to do sth.的短语； I want to tell you a story. He decides to make a plan. She tried to study hard. ①常见不定式作宾语的动词有:decide,hope,wish,leam,plan,expect,begin,want, like,seem,agree, help forget,remember... ②有些动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把动词不定式后移，句型结构为: “主语+谓语(think/find/feel/make.)tit+宾语补足语+动词不定式”。 如:I find it relaxing to read a book.This makes it possible for me to go to college. ③有些动词后面既可接动词不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同，常 见这类动词有remember，forget, ty等。 stop to do sth停下来去做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事 forget to do sth.忘记做某事(事情没有做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事情已做) remember to do sth.记得做某事(事情没有做) remember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做) 不定式作宾语补足语，常构成:动词+sb.to do sth.的短语Mom asked me to get up early She wants me to play games with him. 常见不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:want, ask, tell,allow, teach,invite, help,need. 3、不定式用法：作状语。 动词不定式作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等；可位于句首或句末； She has to get up early to catch the bus. I am very happy to see you. He was so surprised to hear the news. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 4、不定式用法：省略 to 的情况（重点） 1)Help:help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做… 2)感官动词:see、hear、watch、notice、listen to、look at、feel 3)使役动词: let, make, have Mary often helps(to) clean up the rooms on weekends.玛丽周末通常帮着打扫房间。 I heard them watch TV last night.我昨晚听见他们在看电视。 Mom made me take out the rubbish.妈妈让我去倒垃圾。 重点考查的单词：see，hear，make，let，notice 5、不定式用法：疑问词+to do What to do做什么 Where to go去哪里 Mom doesn't decide what to eat tonight.妈妈还没有决定今晚吃什么。 Jerry didn't tell me how to solve the problem.杰瑞没有告诉我该如何解决这个问题。 特殊疑问词+不定式，为宾语从句的一种简化形式，当从句的主语与主语的主语或宾语一致时，可使用此结构； I don't know what to do next. =Idon't know what should I do next. 我不知道接下来要做什么。(主句主语I与从句主语I一致) My mother told me how to get to school. =My mother told me how I could get to school. 妈妈告诉我该如何去学校。(主句的宾语me与从句的主语I一致) 【语法专练】 用非谓语动词的适当形式填空: 1. Is it necessary (learn) a foreign language? 2.Do you have anything (say) for yourself? 3. It's spring now. it's time (plant)trees. 4. The policeman told the boys not (play) in the street. 5. Her son is too young (dress) himself. 6. He finishes (wash) at eight o'clock in the evening. 7. The book seems easy (read). 8. I really don't know what (do) next. 9. Thank you for (come) to see me. 10. I found a man (lock) the door when I passed by. 11. What about (go)out for a walk? 12. Stop (talk) and listen to me carefully. 13. The girl enjoys (listen) to light music. 14. Do you remember (buy) me a beautiful skirt on my 13th birthday? 15. Which of the following things would you like (own)? 选择填空 1. I have a lot of things this weekend. A. do B. did C. doing D. to do 2. You'd better upstairs and tell the children make so much noise. A.go; not to B. go; don't C. to go; not to D. to go; don't 3.Lily likes the clothes of light color. A. to put on B. putting C. to dress D. Wearing 4.It's too late. Why now? A. not to go B. not going C. not go D. don't go 5. Please don't forget to me, will you? A. to write B. writing C. write 6. When I'm tired, I enjoy music. A. listening B. listening to C. to hear D. hearing the 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$