精品解析：2024年河北省中等职业对口升学中职英语真题

2024年河北省中职对口升学英语真题 第一部分 英语知识运用 第一节 语音知识：从A、B、C、D四个选项中找出其划线部分与其他单词划线部分读音不相同的选项。（共5分，每小题1分） 从 A、B、C、D中找出划线部分发音不同的项。 1. A. health B. break C. death D. headache 2. A. suffer B. flu C. current D. Plus 3. A. calculation B. formulation C. equation D. location 4. A. apply B. athlete C. actor D. action 5. A. trouble B. outbreak C. house D. doubt 第二节 词汇与语法知识:从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处最佳选项。 6. Many people in Africa are now suffering ________ hunger and diseases. A. By B. from C. to D. of 7. He came into the room quietly to avoid ________ by the others. A. to see B. to be seen C. being seen D. seeing 8. An epidemic ________ in the small village forty years ago. A. happen B. broke out C. occur D. was taken place 9. The old man got ill again, but he ________back into the hospital. A. refused to go B. reluctant to go C. glad to go D. refused going 10. Try to protect your skin ________ by the sun. A. from burnt B. from being burnt C. away from burning D. away from burnt 11. The National Broadcasting Company is called NBC________. A. simply B. abbreviation C. for short D. shorter 12. The nurse ________ his pain by giving him a cooling drink. A. to relieve B. relieved C. stopping D. throw 13. His brave action ________ a serious accident in the street. A. prevented B. protected C. help D. stop 14. My washing machine is out of order and ________. A. needs to be repairing B. needs being repaired C. needs repaired D. needs repairing 15. The forest was ________ by the fire. A. helped B. destroyed C. improved D. damage 16. It is high time that we that you ________ up your mind. A. make B. made C. making D. to make 17. There is ________ on the front page of today’s paper. A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. important anything 18. Scientists have ________ that world’s population will double by the end of the century. A. counted B. worked C. calculated D. resulted 19. They moved to another city several years later, ________, in 1990. A. in another words B. that is to say C. but D. someone say 20. Twelve ________ four is forty-eight. A. times B. time C. timed by D. multiple 21. He always managed ________ what he wants. A. getting B. get C. to obtain D. obtaining 22. The arrow on a sign ________ the way to go. A. gives B. tell C. indicates D. show 23. She can see over the wall because of her ________. A. high B. weight C. heavy D. height 24. Her ________ has increased to 80 kilos. A. income B. height C. weight D. body 25. Twenty-one ________ three is seven. A. minus B. times C. divided by D. plus 26. Could you ________ the height of the door for me? A. count B. measure C. ruler D. test 27. A memorial was built ________ those who died for the country. A. in honor to B. in honor of C. with the honor D. because 28. We will have to________how much money we’ll need for the party. A. work B. count out C. calculated D. work out 29. The thief was seen running ________ of the mountain. A. to B. toward C. forward D. in the direction 30. Payment will be ________ the work done not to the time spent doing it. A. the same as B. proportion to C. respond to D. proportional to 第三节 完形填空：阅读下面的短文，从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确的答案。 Food is very important. Everyone needs to ____31____ well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is ____32____. We begin to get knowledge even ____33____ we are very young. Small children are ____34____ in everything around them. They learn ____35____ while they are watching and listening. When they are getting older, they begin to ____36____ story books, science books ..., anything they like. When they find something new, they love to ask questions and ____37____ to find out answers. What is the best ____38____ to get knowledge? If we learn by ourselves, we will get ____39____ knowledge. If we are ____40____ getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well. When we study in the right way, we will learn more and understand better. 31. A. sleep B. read C. drink D. eat 32. A. sport B. exercise C. knowledge D. meat 33. A. until B. when C. after D. so 34. A. interested B. interesting C. weak D. better 35. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything 36. A. lend B. read C. learn D. write 37. A. try B. have C. refuse D. wait 38. A. place B. school C. way D. road 39. A. little B. few C. many D. the most 40. A. often B. always C. usually D. something 第二部分 篇章与词汇理解 第一节 阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最恰当的答案。（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分） A Japan is very serious about robotics (机器人技术). If the droids are going to fit in, they probably need to learn the Japanese custom of serving tea. Fortunately, researchers at the University of Tokyo are exploring just that. In a show this week, a humanoid (有人特点的) with camera eyes made by Kawada Industries Inc. poured tea from a bottle into a cup. Then another robot on wheels delivered the cup of tea in an experimental room that has sensors embedded in the floor and sofa as well as cameras on the ceiling, to simulate (模仿) life with robot technology. “A human being may be faster, but you’d have to say ‘Thank you.’ ”said University of Tokyo professor Tomomasa Sato. “That’s the best part about a robot. You don’t have to feel bad about asking it to do things.” Sato believes Japan, a rapidly aging society where more than a fifth of the population is 65 or older, will lead the world in designing robots to care for the elderly, sick and bedridden (卧床不起的). Already, monitoring technologies, such as sensors that automatically turn on lights when people enter a room, are becoming widespread in Japan. The walking, child -size Asimo from Honda Motor Co. greets people at show-rooms. NEC Corp. has developed a smaller companion robot-on-wheels called Papero. A seal robot available since 2004 can entertain the elderly and others in need of fuzzy companionship. Sato says his experimental room is raising awareness about privacy questions that may arise when electronic devices (设备) monitor a person’s movements down to the smallest detail. On the bright side, the tea-pouring humanoid has been programmed to do the dishes. 41. What is the best title of this passage? A. “Thank You” Will Never Be Needed in Japan B. Monitoring Technologies Are Widespread in Japan C. Robot Is Designed to Care for the Elderly D. Robot technologies are widespread in Japanese daily life 42. The underlined word “embedded” in the first paragraph probably means ________. A. fixed B. established C. settled D. rooted 43. According to Professor Sato, ________. A. the robot serves tea much faster than a human being B. the robot does anything like human beings C. tea-serving robot helps to form laziness of the aging society D. tea -serving robot doesn’t need any reward for the service 44. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. A robot can imitate people to complete complicated tasks. B. A robot has been programmed to clean the dishes. C. All the problems in the aging society can be solved by robots. D. The number of aging people is increasing rapidly in Japan. 45. We can infer from the passage that________. A. people are afraid of being monitored by robots B. the technology of robots has been highlighted in Japan C. robots can completely take the place of human beings D. people’s privacy should be strictly protected B The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600.The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human-as opposed to spiritual values. Fulfillment in life-as opposed to concern about an afterlife-became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned (皱眉头) on. Artists and writers now turned to secular (不朽的) as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period--how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed, experienced, discussed, and circulated. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures (雕塑), plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music-although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bemardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature. The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half--though at different rates in different countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European Renaissance. B. The musical techniques that were in use during the European Renaissance. C. The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical style. D. The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance. 47. The underlined word “now” in Paragraph I refers to ________. A. 1855 B. the period of the Renaissance C. the time of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome D. the time at which the author wrote the passage 48. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of ________. A. spirituality in everyday life B. communication among artists across Europe C. a cultural emphasis on human values D. religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes 49. What can be inferred about the music of ancient Greece and Rome? A. Its effect on listeners was described in a number of classical texts. B. It was played on instruments that are familiar to moder audiences. C. It expressed more different ideals than classical sculpture, painting and poetry. D. It had the same effect on Renaissance audiences as it had when originally performed. 50. According to the passage, why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time? A. It did not contain enough religious themes. B. It had little emotional impact on audiences. C. It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians. D. It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time. C Sharks have lived in the oceans for over 450 million years, long before dinosaurs appeared. There are now about 360 species of sharks, whose size, behavior, and other characteristics differ widely. Every year, we catch and kill over 100 million sharks, mostly for food and for their fins. Dried shark fins are used to make shark fin soup, which sells for as much as $50 a bowl in fine Hong Kong restaurants. Other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear. Sharks are vulnerable (易受伤的) to overfishing because it takes most species 10 to 15 years to begin reproducing and they produce only a few offspring (后代). Influenced by movies and popular novels, most people see sharks as people-eating monsters. This is far from the truth. Every year, a few types of shark injure about 100 people worldwide and kill about 25. Most attacks are by great white sharks, which often feed on sea lions and other marine(海洋的)mammals. They sometimes mistake human swimmers for their normal prey, especially if they are wearing black wet suits. If you are a typical ocean-goer, your chances of being killed by an unprovoked (非受挑衅而发生的) attack by a shark are about 1 in 100 million. You are more likely to be killed by a pig than a shark and thousands of times more likely to get killed when you drive a car. Sharks help save human lives. In addition to providing people with food, they are helping us learn how to fight cancer, bacteria, and viruses. Sharks are very healthy and have aging processes similar to ours. Their highly effective immune system allows wounds to heal quickly without becoming infected, and their blood is being studied in connection with AIDS research. Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts (白内障). Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals taken from shark cartilage (软骨) have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, research that someday could help prolong your life. Sharks are needed in the world’s ocean ecosystems. Although they don’t need us, we need them. We are much more dangerous to sharks than they are to us. For every shark that bites a person, we kill one million sharks. 51. Which of the following is NOT a reason why people kill sharks? A. People kill sharks for food. B. People kill sharks for sport. C. People kill sharks out of fear. D. People kill sharks because they often attack swimmers. 52. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. There are many different species of sharks, but only a few of them are dangerous to humans. B. Sharks never get ill. C. Sharks are a valuable resource for human. D. Sharks play an important role in the ocean ecosystem. 53. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. movies have given people the wrong impression of sharks B. most sharks are dangerous to humans C. sharks will attack anyone who is wearing black D. it is dangerous to swim in the ocean 54. The underlined word “prolong” in the last but one paragraph means ________. A. save B. protect C. lengthen D. improve 55. The best title for the passage would be ________. A. Are Sharks Dangerous? B. Sharks And Humans C. Sharks: Humans’ Friends D. Sharks Help Save Human Lives D The goal of earthquake prediction is to give early enough warning. The U.S. Geological Survey conducts and supports research on the likelihood of future earthquakes. Scientists estimate earthquake probabilities in two ways: by studying the history of large earthquakes in a special area and the rate at which strain (拉力) accumulates (积累) in the rock. Scientists study the past frequency of large earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large shocks. For example scientists researched the large earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region during the 75 years between 1836 and 1911. For the next 68 years, no earthquakes of magnitude (震级) 6 or large occurred in the region. Beginning with a magnitude 6 shock in 1979, the earthquakes in the region increased dramatically; between 1979 and 1989, there were four magnitude 6 or greater earthquakes, including a magnitude 7.1 earthquake. So scientists estimated that the probability of a magnitude 6.8 or larger earthquake occurring during the next 30 years in the region is about 67 percent. Another way to predict earthquakes is to study how fast strain accumulates. When plate movements build the strain in rocks to a critical level, like pulling a rubber band too tight, the rocks will suddenly break and slip to a new position. Scientists measure how much strain accumulates along a fault (断层) each year, how much time has passed since the last earthquake, and how much strain was released in the last earthquake. This information is used to calculate the time required for the accumulating strain to build to the level that results in an earthquake. This simple model is so complicated that such detailed information about faults is rare. In the United States, only the San Andreas Fault System has adequate records for using this prediction method. Scientific understanding of earthquakes is of vital importance to the Nation. As the population increases, expanding urban development and construction encroach (侵蚀) upon areas susceptible (易受影响的)to earthquakes. With a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes, we may be able to reduce damage and loss of life from this destruction. 56. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. What an earthquake is like. B. How to predict earthquakes. C. Where earthquakes often happen. D. When a fault is formed. 57. That scientists study the history of large earthquakes in certain areas is to ultimately ________. A. do research on the past frequency of large earthquakes B. estimate the magnitude of similar earthquakes C. forecast the possibilities of similar earthquakes D. judge the specific location of future earthquakes 58. Which is TRUE according to the passage? A. There were four magnitude 6 earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region between1979 and 1989. B. The accumulating strain of the fault to a certain level results in the earthquake. C. About 68 years after 1911, no earthquakes occurred in the San Francisco Bay region. D. The fast increasing population on the earth is the main cause of the earthquake. 59. What is the critical factor of forming a fault? A. The material of rocks. B. The existing time span of the rocks. C. The plate movements around the rocks. D. The amount of strain released in the last earthquake. 60. According to the passage, we can know that the San Andreas Fault System ________. A. has a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes B. stores much more information about the history of large earthquakes C. offers the potential for doing research on the faults where strain accumulates D. illustrates specifically how rocks along a fault are formed 第二节 词义搭配：从B栏中选出A栏单词的正确解释。 单词释义配对 A B ____61____ fire ____62____ occur ____63____ injure ____64____ patient ____65____ compose ____66____ plus ____67____ fear ____68____ cruel ____69____ disease ____70____ fever A. hurt or damage B. one under the cure of a doctor C. begin to burn D. to happen or take place E. be afraid of F. make up, form G. with the addition of H. illness I. causing pain or suffering J. condition of the human body with temperature higher than usual 长对话七选五 Mr. Rose: May I see a hat, please? Salesman: ____71____ Mr. Rose: I’m sorry. I don’t know. Salesman: Let me see. You take Size 6. ____72____ Mr. Rose: Brown, please. Salesman: Here are some nice brown hats. ____73____ It’s a good one. Mr. Rose: Yes, I like this one. ____74____ How much is it? Salesman: It’s 9 pounds. ____75____ Mr. Rose: Yes, thank you. A. What color hat do you want? B. Try this hat on. C. The brown hat doesn’t go well with you D. It goes well with my coat. E. It’s too expensive. F. What size do you want? G. Do you want me to put it in a box? 第三部分 语言技能运用 第一节 单词拼写：根据下列句子及所给汉语注释。 76. The doctor gave him some medicine to ________ (减轻) his discomfort. (汉语提示填空) 77. Epidemic can ________ (影响) the course of history. (汉语提示填空) 78. Xiao Liu is lying in bed with a high ________ (发烧). (汉语提示填空) 79. We should work for a strong and ________ (繁荣的) country. (汉语提示填空) 80. Her dog’s death was a ________ (残忍的) blow to the little girl. (汉语提示填空) 第二节 词形变化：用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 81. Some diseases can be _______ (transmit) by mosquito. (单词适当形式填空) 82. I’m sorry that this has ________ (occur). (单词适当形式填空) 83. He spent 100 yuan in all, _______ (include ) a dinner in the cafeteria. (单词适当形式填空) 84. Power is a measure of how _______ (rapid) work is being done. (单词适当形式填空) 85. He ________ (have) a cold for two weeks. (单词适当形式填空) 第四节 作文 86. 夏天就要到了，食物容易腐烂变质，细菌容易滋生，人也容易得病。为了保持身体健康我们应注意些什么。 提示：要注意个人卫生，经常洗澡，经常更换衣服，不和生水，不吃腐烂的食物，经常打扫寝室和教室卫生。 How to keep healthy? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024年河北省中职对口升学英语真题 第一部分 英语知识运用 第一节 语音知识：从A、B、C、D四个选项中找出其划线部分与其他单词划线部分读音不相同的选项。（共5分，每小题1分） 从 A、B、C、D中找出划线部分发音不同的项。 1. A. health B. break C. death D. headache 2. A. suffer B. flu C. current D. Plus 3. A. calculation B. formulation C. equation D. location 4. A. apply B. athlete C. actor D. action 5. A. trouble B. outbreak C. house D. doubt 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查元音字母组合的发音。A. health /helθ/；B. break /breɪk/；C. death /deθ/；D. headache /ˈhedeɪk/。结合单词音标可知，B项划线部分发音是/eɪ/，其余各项划线部分发音都是/e/。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查元音字母的发音。A. suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/；B. flu /fluː/；C. current /ˈkʌrənt/；D. plus /plʌs/。结合单词音标可知，B项划线部分发音是/uː/，其余各项划线部分发音都是/ʌ/。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查元音字母辅音字母组合的发音。A. calculation /kælkjuˈleɪʃn/；B. formulation /ˌfɔːmjuˈleɪʃn/；C. equation /ɪˈkweɪʒn/；D. location /ləʊˈkeɪʃn/。结合单词音标可知，C项划线部分发音是/ʒ(ə)n/，其余各项划线部分发音都是/ʃn/。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查元音字母的发音。A. apply /əˈplaɪ/；B. athlete /ˈæθliːt/；C. actor /ˈæktə(r)/；D. action /ˈækʃ(ə)n/。结合单词音标可知，A项划线部分发音是/ə/，其余各项划线部分发音都是/æ/。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查元音字母组合的发音。A. trouble /ˈtrʌb(ə)l/；B. outbreak /ˈaʊtbreɪk/；C. house /haʊs/；D. doubt /daʊt/。结合单词音标可知，A项划线部分发音是/ʌ/，其余各项划线部分发音都是/aʊ/。故选A。 第二节 词汇与语法知识:从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处最佳选项。 6. Many people in Africa are now suffering ________ hunger and diseases. A. By B. from C. to D. of 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和介词辨析。句意：非洲很多人现在正遭受饥饿和疾病的折磨。A. .By通过；B. from来自；C. to朝着；D. of的；“suffer from”固定搭配，表示“经受，遭受”。故选B。 7. He came into the room quietly to avoid ________ by the others. A. to see B. to be seen C. being seen D. seeing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他悄悄地走进房间，以免被其他人看到。avoid doing 避免做某事，固定动词短语。根据句意可知，“他不想被其他人看到”，所给动词see与其逻辑主语he之间构成被动关系，空处要用avoid doing的被动结构“avoid being done”，即being seen。故选C。 8. An epidemic ________ in the small village forty years ago. A. happen B. broke out C. occur D. was taken place 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：四十年前，这个小村庄爆发了一场流行病。A. happen发生（动词原形）；B. broke out爆发（过去式）；C. occur发生（动词原形）；D. was taken place错误选项（take place发生，无被动语态）。根据“forty years ago”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选B。 9. The old man got ill again, but he ________back into the hospital. A. refused to go B. reluctant to go C. glad to go D. refused going 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查谓语和非谓语动词。句意：老人又病了，但他拒绝回医院。A. refused to go拒绝去，动词短语；B. reluctant to go不情愿去，形容词短语；C. glad to go乐意去，形容词短语；D. refused going语法错误。分析句子可知，“but”连接的并列句中缺少谓语动词，应用动词短语refuse to go。故选A。 10. Try to protect your skin ________ by the sun. A. from burnt B. from being burnt C. away from burning D. away from burnt 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和动名词的被动形式。句意：尽量保护你的皮肤免受太阳灼伤。短语protect ... from ...，意为“保护……免受……”，排除选项C和D；“skin”和动作“灼伤”之间是被动关系，故应用动名词的被动形式作介词“from”的宾语，其结构为“being+过去分词”。故选B。 11. The National Broadcasting Company is called NBC________. A. simply B. abbreviation C. for short D. shorter 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：国家广播公司被简称为NBC。A. simply简单地；B. abbreviation缩写；C. for short作为简称；D. shorter更短的。分析句子结构可知，此处需要一个表达“简称”意思的短语来作状语，对句子进行补充说明，应用介词短语“for short”。故选C。 12. The nurse ________ his pain by giving him a cooling drink. A. to relieve B. relieved C. stopping D. throw 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：护士给了他冷饮来缓解疼痛。A. to relieve缓解，动词不定式；B. relieved缓解，过去式；C. stopping停止，现在分词或动名词；D. throw扔，动词。根据句子结构和句意可知，空处需用动词作谓语，且句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，relieve的过去式是relieved，表示“缓解”。故选B。 13. His brave action ________ a serious accident in the street. A. prevented B. protected C. help D. stop 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：他的勇敢行为避免了街上发生严重事故。A. prevented避免；B. protected保护；C. help帮助；D. stop停止。根据句意可知，此句陈述的是已发生的事实，要用一般过去时，句意是“他的勇敢行为避免了事故的发生”，“阻止，避免”要用动词“prevented”。故选A。 14. My washing machine is out of order and ________. A. needs to be repairing B. needs being repaired C. needs repaired D. needs repairing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：我的洗衣机坏了，需要修理。当“need”作实义动词时，如果主语是物，通常使用“need doing sth.”或者“need to be done”的结构，表示“某物需要被做某事”。故选D。 15. The forest was ________ by the fire. A. helped B. destroyed C. improved D. damage 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析及被动语态。句意：森林被大火烧毁了。A. helped帮助；B. destroyed摧毁；C. improved改善；D. damage损害。分析句意可知，“森林是被大火破坏掉了”，主语“森林”与所给谓语动词之间存在被动关系，要用被动语态（be+动词过去分词），“毁坏、摧毁”要用“destroyed”，和“was”构成一般过去时被动语态。故选B。 16. It is high time that we that you ________ up your mind. A. make B. made C. making D. to make 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：该是我们让你下定决心的时候了。“It is high time that...”表示“是……的时候了”，从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词词形为“动词过去式或should+动词原形”。故选B。 17. There is ________ on the front page of today’s paper. A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. important anything 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查不定代词和形容词位置。句意：今天的报纸头版有重要的事情。在英语中，当形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词应置于不定代词之后。另外，something意为“某事；某物”，常用于肯定的陈述句中；anything意为“某事；某物”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。本句为陈述的肯定句，因此应使用something。故选A。 18. Scientists have ________ that world’s population will double by the end of the century. A. counted B. worked C. calculated D. resulted 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：科学家们已经计算出世界人口到本世纪末将翻一番。A. counted数数（对已有的、确切的事物进行数量统计）；B. worked工作、运作；C. calculated核算、推测（侧重推算、预估）；D. resulted结果是（用于描述某个动作或事件所产生的结果）。根据句意可知，是科学家根据现有的各种数据（如出生率、死亡率、人口增长率等）进行复杂的计算和推测，从而得出世界人口到本世纪末将翻倍的结论，“calculated”符合题意。故选C。 19. They moved to another city several years later, ________, in 1990. A. in another words B. that is to say C. but D. someone say 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查插入语。句意：几年后他们搬到了另一个城市，也就是说，在1990年。A. in another words错误表达；B. that is to say也就是说（用于进一步解释说明）；C. but但是（表示转折关系）；D. someone say错误表达。根据前后句意可知，他们几年后搬到另一个城市，后面补充说明是在1990年，这是一种解释说明的关系，所以用that is to say。故选B。 20. Twelve ________ four is forty-eight. A. times B. time C. timed by D. multiple 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析和主谓一致。句意：十二乘以四等于四十八。A. times乘以，第三人称单数形式；B. time乘以，动词原形；C. timed by语法错误；D. multiple倍数，名词。分析句子可知，主语从句“Twelve...four”缺少谓语动词，从句主语“twelve”是数字，视作整体，谓语动词应用单数。故选A。 21. He always managed ________ what he wants. A. getting B. get C. to obtain D. obtaining 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他总是设法得到他想要的东西。 manage to do sth“设法做某事”，是固定短语。故选C。 22. The arrow on a sign ________ the way to go. A. gives B. tell C. indicates D. show 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致和动词辨析。句意：路标上的箭头指示要走的方向。A. gives给予；B. tell告诉；C. indicates表明，指示；D. show展示。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语，主语是The arrow，第三人称单数，谓语动词也要用单三形式；此处表示路标上的箭头“指示”要走的路。indicate the way表示“指示方向”。故选C。 23. She can see over the wall because of her ________. A. high B. weight C. heavy D. height 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词名词辨析。句意：由于个子高，她能看到墙那边。A. high高的（形容词）；B. weight重量（名词）；C. heavy重的（形容词）；D. height身高（名词）。根据“She can see over the wall”可知，能看到墙那边是因为身高，且“her”后应是名词。故选D。 24. Her ________ has increased to 80 kilos. A. income B. height C. weight D. body 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：她的体重增加到80公斤了。A. income收入；B. height高度；C. weight重量；D. body身体。根据“80 kilos”可知，这是描述的是她的体重，要用名词weight。故选C。 25. Twenty-one ________ three is seven. A. minus B. times C. divided by D. plus 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词辨析。句意：21除以3等于7。A. minus减；B. times乘以；C. divided by除以；D. plus加。根据“Twenty-one... three is seven.”可知，是“21除以3等于7”，“除以”要用“divided by”。故选C。 26. Could you ________ the height of the door for me? A. count B. measure C. ruler D. test 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：你能为我测量下门的高度吗？A. count数数；B. measure测量；C. ruler尺子；D. test测验。根据句意可知，此处为测量门的高度，measure“测量”符合语境。故选B。 27. A memorial was built ________ those who died for the country. A. in honor to B. in honor of C. with the honor D. because 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：为纪念那些为国捐躯的人，建了一座纪念碑。A. in honor to无此固定搭配；B. in honor of纪念；C. with the honor带着荣誉；D. because因为。根据句意可知，此处表示“纪念……”，用固定搭配“in honor of”。故选B。 28. We will have to________how much money we’ll need for the party. A. work B. count out C. calculated D. work out 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词及动词短语辨析。句意：我们必须计算出我们需要多少钱来开这个聚会。A. work工作；B. count out数出，点出（指从一定数量的物品中数出一定数量的物品。）；C. calculated核算、推测（侧重于根据一定依据对未来的情况进行预测）；D. work out计算，算出（表示通过思考、计算得出结果）。根据句意可知，我们将不得不计算出我们晚会将需要多少费用，“work out”符合题意。故选D。 29. The thief was seen running ________ of the mountain. A. to B. toward C. forward D. in the direction 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查介词辨析及介词短语。句意：有人看见小偷朝山的方向跑去。A. to朝；B. toward向；C. forward向前；D. in the direction朝某个方向。根据空后所有格“of”可知，空处需要包含名词，因此使用介词短语“in the direction”，“in the direction of”表示“朝着……方向”。故选D。 30. Payment will be ________ the work done not to the time spent doing it. A. the same as B. proportion to C. respond to D. proportional to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：报酬将与所做的工作成比例，而不是与所花的时间成比例。A. the same as与……相同；B. proportion to（无此表达）；C. respond to对……反应；D. proportional to成比例的；与……成比例。根据“Payment will be ... the work done not to the time spent doing it.”可知，是“报酬将与所做的工作成比例，而不是与花费的时间成比例”，“与……成比例”，“proportional to”符合题意。故选D。 第三节 完形填空：阅读下面的短文，从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确的答案。 Food is very important. Everyone needs to ____31____ well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is ____32____. We begin to get knowledge even ____33____ we are very young. Small children are ____34____ in everything around them. They learn ____35____ while they are watching and listening. When they are getting older, they begin to ____36____ story books, science books ..., anything they like. When they find something new, they love to ask questions and ____37____ to find out answers. What is the best ____38____ to get knowledge? If we learn by ourselves, we will get ____39____ knowledge. If we are ____40____ getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well. When we study in the right way, we will learn more and understand better. 31. A. sleep B. read C. drink D. eat 32. A. sport B. exercise C. knowledge D. meat 33. A. until B. when C. after D. so 34. A. interested B. interesting C. weak D. better 35. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything 36. A. lend B. read C. learn D. write 37. A. try B. have C. refuse D. wait 38. A. place B. school C. way D. road 39. A. little B. few C. many D. the most 40. A. often B. always C. usually D. something 【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍如何获得知识。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都需要吃得好，才能拥有强壮的身体。A. sleep睡；B. read读；C. drink喝；D. eat吃。根据前文“Food is very important (食物非常重要)”可知，食物很重要，所以要吃得好。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种食物就是知识。A. sport运动；B. exercise锻炼；C. knowledge知识；D. meat肉。根据后文“We begin to get knowledge ... (我们开始获取知识……)”可知，后文谈的都是知识，所以我们大脑的食物是知识。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们在很小的时候就开始获取知识.。A. until直到……为止；B. when当……时；C. after在……后；D. so因此。分析句子可知，横线后是时间状语表示当我们年幼时就开始获取知识，所以应是when。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：小孩子对周围的一切都很感兴趣。A. interested感兴趣；B. interesting有趣的；C. weak弱的；D. better更好的。根据“Small children are ... in everything around them. (小孩子对周围的一切都很……)”可知，小孩子对周围一切感兴趣。be interested in“对……感兴趣”。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：他们在观看和聆听时学到了一些东西。A. everything一切；B. something某物；C. nothing没什么；D. anything任何事。根据“They learn ... while they are watching and listening (他们在观看和聆听时学到了……)”可知，应是在观看和聆听时学到一些东西。故选B。 【36题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们长大后，他们开始阅读故事书、科学书……任何他们喜欢的东西。A. lend借；B. read读；C. learn学习；D. write写。根据横线后“story books, science books (故事书、科学书)”可知，是读故事书、科学书。故选B。 【37题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们发现新事物时，他们喜欢提出问题并尝试找出答案。A. try尝试；B. have有；C. refuse拒绝；D. wait等待。根据前文“they love to ask questions (他们喜欢提出问题)”及后文谈到获取知识的方式，可知他们尝试找到答案。故选A。 【38题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：获取知识的最佳途径是什么？A. place地方；B. school学校；C. way方式；D. road道路。根据后文“we learn by ourselves (我们自己学习)”及“getting answers from others (从别人那里得到答案)”可知，这是讲述获取知识的方式。故选C。 【39题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们自己学习，我们得到的知识就很少。A. little少，修饰不可数名词；B. few少，修饰可数名词；C. many许多，修饰可数名词复数；D. the most最多。根据横线后的knowledge是不可数名词，并结合语境可知如果自己学有可能获得很少的知识。所以横线上是little。故选A。 【40题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们总是从别人那里得到答案而不问为什么，我们永远学不好。A. often经常；B. always总是；C. usually通常；D. sometimes有时。根据后文“we will never learn well (我们永远学不好)”可知，总是从别人那里得到答案而不问为什么，是学不好的。故选B。 第二部分 篇章与词汇理解 第一节 阅读理解：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最恰当的答案。（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分） A Japan is very serious about robotics (机器人技术). If the droids are going to fit in, they probably need to learn the Japanese custom of serving tea. Fortunately, researchers at the University of Tokyo are exploring just that. In a show this week, a humanoid (有人特点的) with camera eyes made by Kawada Industries Inc. poured tea from a bottle into a cup. Then another robot on wheels delivered the cup of tea in an experimental room that has sensors embedded in the floor and sofa as well as cameras on the ceiling, to simulate (模仿) life with robot technology. “A human being may be faster, but you’d have to say ‘Thank you.’ ”said University of Tokyo professor Tomomasa Sato. “That’s the best part about a robot. You don’t have to feel bad about asking it to do things.” Sato believes Japan, a rapidly aging society where more than a fifth of the population is 65 or older, will lead the world in designing robots to care for the elderly, sick and bedridden (卧床不起的). Already, monitoring technologies, such as sensors that automatically turn on lights when people enter a room, are becoming widespread in Japan. The walking, child -size Asimo from Honda Motor Co. greets people at show-rooms. NEC Corp. has developed a smaller companion robot-on-wheels called Papero. A seal robot available since 2004 can entertain the elderly and others in need of fuzzy companionship. Sato says his experimental room is raising awareness about privacy questions that may arise when electronic devices (设备) monitor a person’s movements down to the smallest detail. On the bright side, the tea-pouring humanoid has been programmed to do the dishes. 41. What is the best title of this passage? A. “Thank You” Will Never Be Needed in Japan B. Monitoring Technologies Are Widespread in Japan C. Robot Is Designed to Care for the Elderly D. Robot technologies are widespread in Japanese daily life 42. The underlined word “embedded” in the first paragraph probably means ________. A. fixed B. established C. settled D. rooted 43. According to Professor Sato, ________. A. the robot serves tea much faster than a human being B. the robot does anything like human beings C. tea-serving robot helps to form laziness of the aging society D. tea -serving robot doesn’t need any reward for the service 44. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. A robot can imitate people to complete complicated tasks. B. A robot has been programmed to clean the dishes. C. All the problems in the aging society can be solved by robots. D. The number of aging people is increasing rapidly in Japan. 45. We can infer from the passage that________. A. people are afraid of being monitored by robots B. the technology of robots has been highlighted in Japan C. robots can completely take the place of human beings D. people’s privacy should be strictly protected 【答案】41. D 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在日本，机器人被广泛使用，可以倒茶，也可以照顾老人，陪人娱乐，机器人受到广泛的欢迎。 【41题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Japan is very serious about robotics (机器人技术). (日本人对机器人技术十分严肃。)”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍机器人技术在日本的广泛应用，特别是用于日常生活。故选D。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Then another robot on wheels delivered the cup of tea in an experimental room that has sensors embedded in the floor and sofa as well as cameras on the ceiling, to simulate (模仿) life with robot technology. (然后另一个带轮子的机器人在实验室里传送茶水，实验室的地板和沙发上……有传感器，天花板上也有摄像头，用于模仿有机器人技术的生活状态。)”可知，传感器是根据实验需要，安装在实验室的地板和沙发上，划线词“embedded”应是指“安装，嵌入”。故选A。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“A human being may be faster, but you’d have to say ‘Thank you.’ (人的动作可能快一点，但你不必说“谢谢”。)”可知，人类在享受了机器人的服务后，不必感谢，机器人无需回报。故选D。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“NEC Corp. has developed a smaller companion robot-on-wheels called Papero. A seal robot available since 2004 can entertain the elderly and others in need of fuzzy companionship. (NEC公司改进了更小型的陪伴型轮式机器人，起名Papero。自2004年起可使用的心理治愈机器人，在不明确陪伴的需求下，能为老人和其他人提供娱乐。)”可知，目前机器人可以解决老龄化社会的一些陪伴问题。选项C“All the problems in the aging society can be solved by robots. (老龄化社会的所有问题都能被机器人解决。)说法过于绝对，与原文不符。故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Japan is very serious about robotics (机器人技术). (日本在机器人技术方面极为重视。)”可知，日本十分重视机器人技术。故选B。 B The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600.The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human-as opposed to spiritual values. Fulfillment in life-as opposed to concern about an afterlife-became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned (皱眉头) on. Artists and writers now turned to secular (不朽的) as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period--how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed, experienced, discussed, and circulated. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures (雕塑), plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music-although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bemardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature. The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half--though at different rates in different countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style. 46. What is the passage mainly about? A. The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European Renaissance. B. The musical techniques that were in use during the European Renaissance. C. The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical style. D. The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance. 47. The underlined word “now” in Paragraph I refers to ________. A. 1855 B. the period of the Renaissance C. the time of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome D. the time at which the author wrote the passage 48. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of ________. A. spirituality in everyday life B. communication among artists across Europe C. a cultural emphasis on human values D. religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes 49. What can be inferred about the music of ancient Greece and Rome? A. Its effect on listeners was described in a number of classical texts. B. It was played on instruments that are familiar to moder audiences. C. It expressed more different ideals than classical sculpture, painting and poetry. D. It had the same effect on Renaissance audiences as it had when originally performed. 50. According to the passage, why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time? A. It did not contain enough religious themes. B. It had little emotional impact on audiences. C. It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians. D. It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time. 【答案】46. C 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了文艺复兴时期欧洲文化的复兴，特别关注了音乐风格的变化。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文及最后一段“The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half--though at different rates in different countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style. (欧洲的音乐文艺复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一种普遍的文化运动和精神状态。此外，在这一个半世纪里，音乐变化如此之快——尽管不同国家的变化速度不同，我们无法定义一种单一的文艺复兴风格。)”可知，本文主要讲述了欧洲文艺复兴是一种普遍的文化运动和精神状态的发展，包括音乐风格的变化。故选C。 【47题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Fulfillment in life-as opposed to concern about an afterlife-became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned (皱眉头) on. Artists and writers now turned to secular (不朽的) as well as religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing. (人生的圆满——而不是对来生的担忧——成为了一个理想的目标，表达人类全部的情感和享受感官的快乐不再被反对。艺术家和作家现在转向世俗和宗教题材，并试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人。)”可知，“now”指的是文艺复兴时期，即学者和艺术家开始关注世俗主题和人类情感的时期。故选B。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“To these scholars this meant a return to human-as opposed to spiritual values. (对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人性，而不是精神价值。)”可知，文艺复兴时期的学者和艺术家想要恢复古典文明的学问和理想，这更多地体现了对人性的重视，而非宗教或艺术主题。故选C。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. (他们了解到古代音乐能打动听众，并想知道为什么现代音乐没有同样的效果。)”可知，文艺复兴时期的学者虽然无法听到古代音乐，但他们通过阅读古典哲学家、诗人等的著作了解到古代音乐的力量。可推知古代音乐对听众的影响在古典文本中有所描述。故选A。 【50题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bemardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature. (他们了解到古代音乐能打动听众，并想知道为什么现代音乐没有同样的效果。例如，有影响力的宗教领袖贝马迪诺·西里洛（Bemardino Cirillo）对他那个时代学识渊博的音乐表示失望。他敦促音乐家们效仿那些重新发现古代艺术和文学的雕塑家、画家、建筑师和学者。)”可知， Bemardino Cirillo对当时学识渊博的音乐感到失望，他希望音乐家能效仿那些重新发现古代艺术和文学的雕塑家、画家。可推知他认为那时期的音乐对观众影响力不大，期望音乐能像古代艺术一样具有情感上的影响力。故选B。 C Sharks have lived in the oceans for over 450 million years, long before dinosaurs appeared. There are now about 360 species of sharks, whose size, behavior, and other characteristics differ widely. Every year, we catch and kill over 100 million sharks, mostly for food and for their fins. Dried shark fins are used to make shark fin soup, which sells for as much as $50 a bowl in fine Hong Kong restaurants. Other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear. Sharks are vulnerable (易受伤的) to overfishing because it takes most species 10 to 15 years to begin reproducing and they produce only a few offspring (后代). Influenced by movies and popular novels, most people see sharks as people-eating monsters. This is far from the truth. Every year, a few types of shark injure about 100 people worldwide and kill about 25. Most attacks are by great white sharks, which often feed on sea lions and other marine(海洋的)mammals. They sometimes mistake human swimmers for their normal prey, especially if they are wearing black wet suits. If you are a typical ocean-goer, your chances of being killed by an unprovoked (非受挑衅而发生的) attack by a shark are about 1 in 100 million. You are more likely to be killed by a pig than a shark and thousands of times more likely to get killed when you drive a car. Sharks help save human lives. In addition to providing people with food, they are helping us learn how to fight cancer, bacteria, and viruses. Sharks are very healthy and have aging processes similar to ours. Their highly effective immune system allows wounds to heal quickly without becoming infected, and their blood is being studied in connection with AIDS research. Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts (白内障). Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals taken from shark cartilage (软骨) have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, research that someday could help prolong your life. Sharks are needed in the world’s ocean ecosystems. Although they don’t need us, we need them. We are much more dangerous to sharks than they are to us. For every shark that bites a person, we kill one million sharks. 51. Which of the following is NOT a reason why people kill sharks? A. People kill sharks for food. B. People kill sharks for sport. C. People kill sharks out of fear. D. People kill sharks because they often attack swimmers. 52. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. There are many different species of sharks, but only a few of them are dangerous to humans. B. Sharks never get ill. C. Sharks are a valuable resource for human. D. Sharks play an important role in the ocean ecosystem. 53. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. movies have given people the wrong impression of sharks B. most sharks are dangerous to humans C. sharks will attack anyone who is wearing black D. it is dangerous to swim in the ocean 54. The underlined word “prolong” in the last but one paragraph means ________. A. save B. protect C. lengthen D. improve 55. The best title for the passage would be ________. A. Are Sharks Dangerous? B. Sharks And Humans C. Sharks: Humans’ Friends D. Sharks Help Save Human Lives 【答案】51. D 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章全面介绍了鲨鱼，纠正人们对鲨鱼的误解，强调鲨鱼对人类及海洋生态系统的重要性，呼吁人们正确认识并保护鲨鱼。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“we catch and kill over 100 million sharks, mostly for food and for their fins (我们捕获并杀死了超过1亿条鲨鱼，主要是为了食物和鱼翅)”以及“Other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear (其他鲨鱼则因为运动和恐惧而被杀害。)”可知，人们捕杀鲨鱼是为了食物，运动，或出于害怕，没有提到因为他们攻击游泳者。故选D。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts (鲨鱼是世界上少数几乎不会患癌症和白内障的动物之一)”可知，鲨鱼几乎不会患癌症和白内障，但不能就此说鲨鱼从不生病，B选项表述过于绝对。故选B。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Influenced by movies and popular novels, most people see sharks as people-eating monsters (受电影和流行小说的影响，大多数人将鲨鱼视为食人怪物)”可知，电影给人们带来了对鲨鱼的错误印象。故选A。 【54题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第六段“Chemicals taken from shark cartil age have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, research that someday could help prolong your life. (从鲨鱼软骨中提取的化学物质已经杀死了实验动物的癌性肿瘤，这项研究有一天可能有助于延长你的生命。)”可知，鲨鱼软骨里面的化学物质可以杀死癌细胞，所以此处说的是这可能有助于延长人类寿命，“prolong”意思是“lengthen (延长)”。故选C。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了鲨鱼对人类的益处，如帮助人类对抗疾病，在海洋生态系统中有重要作用等，强调鲨鱼是人类的朋友。选项C“Sharks: Humans’ Friends (鲨鱼：人类的朋友)”符合主旨大意。故选C。 D The goal of earthquake prediction is to give early enough warning. The U.S. Geological Survey conducts and supports research on the likelihood of future earthquakes. Scientists estimate earthquake probabilities in two ways: by studying the history of large earthquakes in a special area and the rate at which strain (拉力) accumulates (积累) in the rock. Scientists study the past frequency of large earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large shocks. For example scientists researched the large earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region during the 75 years between 1836 and 1911. For the next 68 years, no earthquakes of magnitude (震级) 6 or large occurred in the region. Beginning with a magnitude 6 shock in 1979, the earthquakes in the region increased dramatically; between 1979 and 1989, there were four magnitude 6 or greater earthquakes, including a magnitude 7.1 earthquake. So scientists estimated that the probability of a magnitude 6.8 or larger earthquake occurring during the next 30 years in the region is about 67 percent. Another way to predict earthquakes is to study how fast strain accumulates. When plate movements build the strain in rocks to a critical level, like pulling a rubber band too tight, the rocks will suddenly break and slip to a new position. Scientists measure how much strain accumulates along a fault (断层) each year, how much time has passed since the last earthquake, and how much strain was released in the last earthquake. This information is used to calculate the time required for the accumulating strain to build to the level that results in an earthquake. This simple model is so complicated that such detailed information about faults is rare. In the United States, only the San Andreas Fault System has adequate records for using this prediction method. Scientific understanding of earthquakes is of vital importance to the Nation. As the population increases, expanding urban development and construction encroach (侵蚀) upon areas susceptible (易受影响的)to earthquakes. With a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes, we may be able to reduce damage and loss of life from this destruction. 56. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. What an earthquake is like. B. How to predict earthquakes. C. Where earthquakes often happen. D. When a fault is formed. 57. That scientists study the history of large earthquakes in certain areas is to ultimately ________. A. do research on the past frequency of large earthquakes B. estimate the magnitude of similar earthquakes C. forecast the possibilities of similar earthquakes D. judge the specific location of future earthquakes 58. Which is TRUE according to the passage? A. There were four magnitude 6 earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay region between1979 and 1989. B. The accumulating strain of the fault to a certain level results in the earthquake. C. About 68 years after 1911, no earthquakes occurred in the San Francisco Bay region. D. The fast increasing population on the earth is the main cause of the earthquake. 59. What is the critical factor of forming a fault? A. The material of rocks. B. The existing time span of the rocks. C. The plate movements around the rocks. D. The amount of strain released in the last earthquake. 60. According to the passage, we can know that the San Andreas Fault System ________. A. has a greater understanding of the causes and effects of earthquakes B. stores much more information about the history of large earthquakes C. offers the potential for doing research on the faults where strain accumulates D. illustrates specifically how rocks along a fault are formed 【答案】56. B 57. C 58. B 59. C 60. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家通过研究历史地震数据和岩石中张力的积累来预测地震的可能性。文章强调了地震预测的重要性以及科学家为此所采取的两种主要方法：一是研究特定地区历史上的大地震频率，二是测量断层沿线张力的积累速度。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。根据每一段首句“The goal of earthquake prediction is to give early enough warning. (地震预报的目的是尽早发出预警。)”、“Scientists study the past frequency of large earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large shocks. (科学家研究过去大地震的频率，以确定未来发生类似大地震的可能性。)”和“Another way to predict earthquakes is to study how fast strain accumulates. (另一种预测地震的方法是研究张力积累的速度。)”可知，文章主要讲了如何预测地震。故选B。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists study the past frequency of large earthquakes in order to determine the future likelihood of similar large shocks. (科学家研究过去大地震的频率，以确定未来发生类似大地震的可能性。)”可知，科学家研究某些区域大地震的历史，最终是要预报类似地震发生的可能性。故选C。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“This information is used to calculate the time required for the accumulating strain to build to the level that results in an earthquake. (这些信息被用来计算累积张力达到导致地震的水平所需的时间。)”可知，断层累计张力达到某个水平时会导致地震。故选B。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“When plate movements build the strain in rocks to a critical level, like pulling a rubber band too tight, the rocks will suddenly break and slip to a new position. (当板块运动使岩石的张力达到临界水平时，就像把橡皮筋拉得太紧一样，岩石会突然断裂，滑到一个新的位置。)”可知，岩石板块运动是形成断层的关键因素。故选C。 【60题详解】 推理判断题。根据“In the United States, only the San Andreas Fault System has adequate records for using this prediction method. (在美国，只有圣安德烈亚斯断层系统有使用这种预测方法的充分记录。)”可推断，圣安德烈亚斯断层系统给张力积累的断层研究提供了可能性。故选C。 第二节 词义搭配：从B栏中选出A栏单词的正确解释。 单词释义配对 A B ____61____ fire ____62____ occur ____63____ injure ____64____ patient ____65____ compose ____66____ plus ____67____ fear ____68____ cruel ____69____ disease ____70____ fever A. hurt or damage B. one under the cure of a doctor C. begin to burn D. to happen or take place E. be afraid of F. make up, form G. with the addition of H. illness I. causing pain or suffering J. condition of the human body with temperature higher than usual 【答案】61. C 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. F 66. G 67. E 68. I 69. H 70. J 【解析】 【61题详解】 考查动词。fire点火；C. begin to burn开始点燃。C项释义与fire吻合。故选C。 【62题详解】 考查动词。occur发生；D. to happen or take place发生。D项释义与occur吻合。故选D。 【63题详解】 考查动词。injure使受伤，损害；A. hurt or damage使受伤或损害。A项释义与injure吻合。故选A。 【64题详解】 考查名词。patient病人；B. one under the cure of a doctor在接受医生治疗的人。B项释义与patient吻合。故选B。 【65题详解】 考查动词。compose构成，形成；F. make up, form构成，形成。F项释义与compose吻合。故选F。 【66题详解】 考查介词。plus加上；G. with the addition of加上。G项释义与plus吻合。故选G。 【67题详解】 考查动词。fear害怕；E. be afraid of害怕。E项释义与fear吻合。故选E。 【68题详解】 考查形容词。cruel残酷的，残忍的；I. causing pain or suffering使人痛苦的。I项释义与cruel吻合。故选I。 【69题详解】 考查名词。disease疾病；H. illness疾病。H项释义与disease吻合。故选H。 【70题详解】 考查名词。fever发烧；J. condition of the human body with temperature higher than usual体温比平时高的人体状态。J项释义与fever吻合。故选J。 长对话七选五 Mr. Rose: May I see a hat, please? Salesman: ____71____ Mr. Rose: I’m sorry. I don’t know. Salesman: Let me see. You take Size 6. ____72____ Mr. Rose: Brown, please. Salesman: Here are some nice brown hats. ____73____ It’s a good one. Mr. Rose: Yes, I like this one. ____74____ How much is it? Salesman: It’s 9 pounds. ____75____ Mr. Rose: Yes, thank you. A. What color hat do you want? B. Try this hat on. C. The brown hat doesn’t go well with you D. It goes well with my coat. E. It’s too expensive. F. What size do you want? G. Do you want me to put it in a box? 【答案】71. F 72. A 73. B 74. D 75. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇购物对话，Rose先生在商店购买一顶帽子。 【71题详解】 根据下文“You take Size 6. (你是6码。)”可知，此处应是询问帽子的尺码，选项F“你想要多大码？”符合语境。故选F。 【72题详解】 根据答句“Brown, please. (请给我棕色的。)”可知，此处应是询问帽子的颜色，选项F“你想要什么颜色的帽子？”符合语境。故选A。 【73题详解】 根据上句“Here are some nice brown hats. (这里有一些好看的棕色帽子。)”以及下句“It’s a good one. (这顶不错。)”可知，此处应是推荐帽子，选项B“试一下这顶。”符合语境。故选B。 【74题详解】 根据下句“It’s a good one. (这顶不错。)”可知，此处应是阐述喜欢的原因，选项D“它和我的外套很搭。”符合语境。故选D。 【75题详解】 根据下句“Yes, thank you. (好的，谢谢。)”可知，售货员提出了一个建议，选项G“你要我把它装进盒子吗？”符合语境。故选G。 第三部分 语言技能运用 第一节 单词拼写：根据下列句子及所给汉语注释。 76. The doctor gave him some medicine to ________ (减轻) his discomfort. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】relieve 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：医生给了他一些药来减轻他的不适。根据汉语提示可知，空处应是动词relieve，与“to”构成动词不定式作目的状语，用动词原形。故填relieve。 77. Epidemic can ________ (影响) the course of history. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】affect 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：流行病可以影响历史的进程。根据情态动词can可知，空处需用动词原形，和can构成复合谓语；根据汉语提示，要用动词affect的原形。故填affect。 78. Xiao Liu is lying in bed with a high ________ (发烧). (汉语提示填空) 【答案】fever 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：小刘卧病在床，发着高烧。根据汉语提示，空处应用fever，可数名词，前面有不定冠词a，所以用单数形式，故填fever。 79. We should work for a strong and ________ (繁荣的) country. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】prosperous 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们应该为一个强大而繁荣的国家而努力。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用形容词prosperous作定语修饰名词country。故填prosperous。 80. Her dog’s death was a ________ (残忍的) blow to the little girl. (汉语提示填空) 【答案】cruel 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她的狗的死对这个小女孩是一个残酷的打击。根据汉语提示，此处应用cruel，作定语修饰名词blow。故填cruel。 第二节 词形变化：用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 81. Some diseases can be _______ (transmit) by mosquito. (单词适当形式填空) 【答案】transmitted 【解析】 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：有些疾病可以通过蚊子传播。分析句子结构可知，主语“Some diseases ”与所给动词“transmit”之间构成被动关系，要用被动语态（be+动词过去分词），再根据“can be”，此处是含有情态动词的被动语态“can be +动词过去分词”，transmit的过去分词是transmitted。故填transmitted。 82. I’m sorry that this has ________ (occur). (单词适当形式填空) 【答案】occurred 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：对不起，发生了这事。根据“has”可知，此处是现在完成时，其结构为“has+过去分词”，occur的过去分词是occurred。故填occurred。 83. He spent 100 yuan in all, _______ (include ) a dinner in the cafeteria. (单词适当形式填空) 【答案】including 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：他总共花了一百元，包括在饭馆吃的晚餐。分析句子可知，“He spent 100 yuan in all”是句子主干，“... a dinner in the cafeteria”作状语，include“包括”，动词，“including+名词/代词”在句中作状语。故填including。 84. Power is a measure of how _______ (rapid) work is being done. (单词适当形式填空) 【答案】rapidly 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：‌功率‌是衡量工作进行速度的指标。分析句子可知，此处为“how”引导的宾语从句，需要用副词来修饰动词“is being done”，rapid“快速的”，形容词，其副词形式为“rapidly”。故填rapidly。 85. He ________ (have) a cold for two weeks. (单词适当形式填空) 【答案】has had 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：他已经感冒了两周了。根据时间状语“for two weeks (两周)”可知，此句用现在完成时，谓语动词形式是have/has+过去分词，主语是he，所以助动词用has，动词have的过去分词是had。故填has had。 第四节 作文 86. 夏天就要到了，食物容易腐烂变质，细菌容易滋生，人也容易得病。为了保持身体健康我们应注意些什么。 提示：要注意个人卫生，经常洗澡，经常更换衣服，不和生水，不吃腐烂的食物，经常打扫寝室和教室卫生。 How to keep healthy? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： How to keep healthy? Summer is coming and the food is perishable. During this period, it is easy to breed bacteria, which causes sickness. What should we pay attention to in order to keep healthy? First of all, we should pay attention to personal hygiene, take a shower, and change our clothes regularly. Besides, don't drink raw water or eat rotten food, or we will suffer gastrointestinal diseases. Finally, we should often clean the dormitory and the classroom. Keeping the surrounding environment clean is good for our health. In short, in summer, we should have an eye on whether the food is spoiled before eating food, and keep ourselves and the surrounding environment clean and tidy. If we can form good hygiene habits, we won’t be infected by bacteria. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于说明文。文章说明了夏天食物容易变质，滋生细菌，并介绍了保持健康的一些方法。 【详解】1.词汇积累 导致：cause→ lead to 注意：pay attention to→ have an eye on 此外：besides→ what’s more 对……有好处：be good for→ be beneficial to 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Finally, we should often clean the dormitory and the classroom. Keeping the surrounding environment clean is good for our health. 拓展句：Finally, we should often clean the dormitory and the classroom because keeping the surrounding environment clean is good for our health. 【点睛】【高分句型1】During this period, it is easy to breed bacteria, which causes sickness. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】If we can form good hygiene habits, we won’t be infected by bacteria. (运用了if引导的条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $