2025年中考英语复习 第1节　名词课件

第一部分　中考语法知识 第一节　名词 2025年中考英语复习 考点一：名词的分类 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。它分为普通名词和专有名词。 类别 概念 例词 专有 名词 表示具体人物、地点、组织、机构、国家或地区等名称的词 Bill Gates, New York, the Party, the United Nations, China 语法精炼 类别 概念 例词 普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示个体的人或事物的词 child, student, tree, factory, car, duck, apple, fan, bed, boat, dolphin 集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的词 police, people, group, team, crowd, government, party, public 类别 概念 例词 普通名词 不可数名词 物质名词 表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词 air, water, coffee, milk, tea 抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为或感情等抽象概念的词 music, peace, friendship, confidence, wealth, fun 【针对练习】 (　　)1．(2024 广州，17)My class is going. But I could have a/an ________ if you need my help. A．idea B．lesson C．excuse D．gift C (　　)2．(2024 日照，12)What followed was a long ______ , which was broken by the growling(咕噜声) of Ted’s stomach. A．silence B．peace C．discussion D．argument A (　　)3．(2024 日照，15)It was on that day that Ted made his first friend at the new school, and he truly understood the ______ of honesty in a relationship. A．price B．idea C．value D．truth C (　　)4．(2024 镇江，13)Actually, we are born creative and all have the ________ to express creativity. A．ability B．spirit C．value D．goal A (　　)5．(2024 兰州，4)She went to ________ for further study the year before 2018 and found that street performances in Paris were very popular. A．America B．France C．Canada D．Australia B 考点二：可数名词和不可数名词 一、可数名词 (一)规则名词的复数形式 序号 规则 例词 1 一般情况在名词词尾加-s map—maps, sea—seas, girl—girls 2 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词，加-es class—classes, box—boxes, watch—watches, dish—dishes 例外情况：stomach—stomachs 序号 规则 例词 3 以-f或-fe 结尾的名词 先变f或fe为v，再加-es leaf—leaves, thief—thieves, knife—knives, loaf—loaves, wife—wives, life—lives 直接加-s belief—beliefs, chief—chiefs, proof—proofs, roof—roofs, gulf—gulfs 序号 规则 例词 4 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es party—parties, family—families, story—stories, city—cities 5 以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，或者以y结尾的专有名词，加-s toy—toys, boy—boys, day—days, ray—rays, Henry—Henrys 序号 规则 例词 6 以辅音字母加 -o结尾的名词 一般加-es hero—heroes, tomato—tomatoes, potato—potatoes(口诀：英雄爱吃西红柿和马铃薯) 不少外来词加-s piano—pianos, photo—photos, kilo—kilos, solo—solos 两者皆可 zero—zeros/zeroes, volcano—volcanoes/volcanos 序号 规则 例词 7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词，加-s radio—radios, zoo—zoos, kangaroo—kangaroos 8 以-th结尾的名词，加-s truth—truths, mouth—mouths, month—months, path—paths 【针对练习】 (　　)1．There are some ________ in these ________ . A．knifes; pencil-boxes B．knives; pencil-box C．knives; pencil-boxes D．knives; pencils-boxes (　　)2．There are two _______ and six _______ in the zoo. A．kangaroos; wolfs B．kangaroos; wolves C．kangarooes; wolves D．kangarooes; wolfs C B (　　)3．There are two ______ on the wall and three ______ on the table. A．photo; potato B．photos; potatos C．photos; potatoes D．photoes; potatos C (　　)4．—What would you like to buy? — ______ . A．Chicken, vegetable and two kilos of rice B．Chicken, vegetables and two kilos of rice C．Chickens, vegetable and one kilo of rice D．Chickens, vegetables and two kilos of rices B (　　)5．Sarah decided to order ______ for lunch. A．a salad, a glass of coffee, and fried eggs B．noodles, a cup of coffee and fried egg C．two sandwich, a cup of coffee, and fried egg D．two hamburger, one salad, a large cola A (二)不规则名词的复数形式 序号 规则 例词 1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man—men, foot—feet, tooth—teeth, goose—geese, mouse—mice, child—children, ox—oxen 2 单复数同形 sheep, deer, means, aircraft, fish, yuan, jin 序号 规则 例词 3 集体名词 只用作复数 police, people, cattle 可以作单数(整体), 也可以作复数(个体成员) family, group, team, crowd, couple, class, population 4 复数形式表示特别含义 customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件；论文), looks(外表), brains(头脑；智力), greens(青菜) 序号 规则 例词 5 表示 “某国人” 加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese 以man或woman结尾的分别改为men或women Englishmen, Frenchwomen 序号 规则 例词 6 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, storytellers grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches(秒表) 无主体名词时，将最后一部分变为复数 将两部分都变为复数 women singers, men servants 注意：还有一些抽象名词，包括一些学科名词，形式上为复数，但意义上却表示单数。如：news(消息)，mathematics(数学)，physics(物理)，politics(政治)。 【针对练习】 (　　)1．My uncle has a farm, and there are some ______ on the farm. A．chicken and sheep B．chickens and sheeps C．chickens and sheep D．chicken and sheeps C (　　)2．No way! I don’t think ______ should be allowed to drive. I am worried about your safety. A．eighteen years old B．eighteen-year-olds C．eighteen-years-old D．eighteen year olds (　　)3．They are from ______ . They are both ______ . A．Germany; Germen B．Germany; Germans C．Germans; Germany D．German; Germany B B (　　)4．There are about 120 ______ in this hospital. They are very active and patient. A．woman doctors B．woman doctor C．women doctor D．women doctors (　　)5．—What do you think of Jerry? —He is one of the most lovely ______ in the world. A．mouse B．mouses C．mices D．mice D D 二、不可数名词 (一)不可数名词的种类 序号 类别 例词 1 食物类 water, milk, tea, beef, pork, mutton, rice, bread, meat, fish, salt, sugar, porridge, fruit(其中fish, fruit表示种类时，为可数名词) 2 材料类 metal, wood, cotton, wool, silk 3 自然类 universe, sand, sunshine, ice, grass 4 其他 chalk, news, homework, housework, knowledge, business, weather, medicine 序号 类别 例词 5 既可作可数 名词又可作 不可数名词 名词 作可数名词时的意思 作不可数名词时的意思 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 fish 鱼 鱼肉 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 orange 橙子 橙汁 序号 类别 例词 5 既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词 名词 作可数名词时的意思 作不可数名词时的意思 room 房间 空间 paper 文件；试卷 纸 time 时代；次数 时间 work 著作；作品；工厂 工作 light 灯 光 【针对练习】 (　　)1．The three ________ upstairs are too small to have enough _______ for a double bed. A．room; room B．room; rooms C．rooms; room D．rooms; rooms C (　　)2．—Children may have sad feelings after some bad ______. —Don’t worry. They can turn to some doctors with lots of ______ for help. A．experiences; experiences B．experience; experience C．experience; experiences D．experiences; experience D (　　)3．There is a ______ in the living room. A．piece of furniture B．peoples C．news D．informations (　　)4．There are some ______ and ______ on the table. A．chicken; porks B．potatoes; tea C．tomatos; milk D．tomatoes; porks A B (　　)5．You need to do more ______ outside. Don’t always be busy doing your ______ at the desk. A．exercise; exercise B．exercises; exercises C．exercises; exercise D．exercise; exercises D (二)不可数名词的数 类别 表达法 例词/句 抽象名词和物质名词 数词/冠词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词(量词可以是单数，也可以是复数，但of后的名词只用单数) a piece of apple pie(一块苹果派)，two cups of tea(两杯茶)，four buckets of water(四桶水)，a drop of water(一滴水)，a ray of hope(一线希望) 类别 表达法 例词/句 有些物质名词 直接用复数形式表示数量或不同类别 Two coffees, please. (请来两杯咖啡。) The old should take some healthy foods. (老年人应食用一些健康食品。) 有些抽象名词 用单数或复数形式表示具体的事物 difficulty(困难)→difficulties(难事)；success(成功)→ a success(一个成功的人或一件成功的事) 【针对练习】 (　　)1．Please give me ______ about the trains to Daqing. A．a few informations B．a little informations C．a few information D．a little information D (　　)2．—Can I help you? —I’d like to have 100 _______. I want my students to draw pictures. A．piece of paper B．pieces of paper C．pieces of papers D．piece of papers B (　　)3．—What would you like, sir? — ______. A．Two coffee B．Two cups coffee C．Two cups of coffee D．Two cup of coffee C (　　)4．Mr. Black gave us ______ on how to learn English. A．an advice B．many advices C．some advice D．some advices (　　)5．I paid ￥10 for ______ this morning. A．4 bottle milks B．4 bottles of milk C．4 bottles of milks D．4 milk C B 考点三：名词所有格 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫作名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是在名词词尾加-’s构成；二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多用于有生命的东西，后者多用于无生命的东西。 一、-’s所有格的构成 序号 规则 例词 1 单数名词在词尾加-’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo 2 复数 名词 一般在词尾加-’ the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother 在不规则复数名词后加-’s the children’s toys, women’s rights 序号 规则 例词 3 表示各自所有关系 Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes 4 表示共同拥有关系 Tom and Mike’s room, Jane and Mary’s father 5 表示“某人的家；店铺”等时，省略所有格后面的名词 the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s 6 以s结尾的人名在词尾加-’ Dickens’ novels, Charles’ job, the Smiths’ house 【针对练习】 (　　)1．(2024 西藏，29) ______ father works in the police station. A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s A (　　)2．I met her at the ______ yesterday. A．doctors B．doctor C．doctors’ D．doctor’s (　　)3．Everybody needs ______ sleep a day, so please go to bed early enough every day. A．eight hour’s B．eight hour C．eight-hours D．eight hours’ D D (　　)4．The shop near my home sells ______ clothing at a very good price. A．child and woman’s B．children’s and women’s C．children and women’s D．children’s and women (　　)5．In China, we celebrate ______ Day on June 1st and ______ Day on September 10th. A．Children’s; Teachers’ B．Children’; Teachers’ C．Childrens’; Teacher’s D．Childrens’s; Teacher’s B A 二、-’s所有格的用法 序号 用法 例词 1 表示时间 today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday 2 表示自然现象 the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches 3 表示国家、城市等地方的名词 the city’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry 序号 用法 例词 4 表示工作群体 the ship’s crew, the majority’s view, the team’s victory 5 表示度量衡及价值 a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples 6 与人类活动有关系的名词 the life’s time, the play’s plot 7 某些固定词组 a bird’s-eye view(鸟瞰), a stone’s throw(一箭之遥) 【针对练习】 (　　)1．I live near the station. It’s only about five ______ walk. A．minute’s B．minute C．minutes’ D．minutes C (　　)2．The librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in ______ time. A．three day’s B．three-days C．three days’ D．three days (　　)3．It’s easy to travel from Nyingchi to Lhasa by taking the high-speed railway. It’s only ______. A．four hours’ ride B．four hour’s ride C．four hours ride D．four-hours ride C A (　　)4．She had always kept the family at ______ length. A．arm’s B．arm　 C．arms’ D．arms (　　)5．There is nothing interesting in ______ newspaper. A．today B．todays’ C．today’s D．todays A C 三、of/to所有格的用法 序号 用法 例词 1 用于无生命的东西 the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 2 用于有生命的东西 the classrooms of the first-year students 3 用于名词化的词 the rights of the disabled(残疾人的权利) 序号 用法 例词 5 用to表示所有格 the key to the door the answer to the question the bridge to the river the way to the station the entrance to the cinema the exit to the gym 序号 用法 例词 4 双重所有格：of＋名词-’s some pictures of my brother’s(我哥哥/弟弟的一些照片) a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一个朋友) 比较：a photo of my father’s(我父亲的一张照片) a photo of my father(一张我父亲的照片) 【针对练习】 (　　)1．Mr. Black is a teacher of ________. She and her classmates like him very much. A．my sister B．my sister’s C．my sisters D．my sisters’ B (　　)2．In this test, we’re asked to write a passage of about ______. A．80-words B．80-word C．80 words D．80 word’s (　　)3．Billy and I are good friends, and I have ______. A．some pictures of Billy’ B．some pictures’ of Billy’s C．some Billy’s picture D．some pictures of Billy C D (　　)4．—Mom, you look so tired. What’s wrong? —I did ______ housework this morning. Maybe I need a rest now. A．three hours of B．three-hour of C．three hour’s D．three-hours’ A (　　)5．—What’s that on the wall? —Oh, it is a photo of ______. My parents are in it. We are eating barbecue. A．my family B．my family’s C．my families D．my families’ A 考点四：名词的句法功能 一、名词充当的成分 名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、同位语和称呼语等。如： 1．Tom was the best student in the class. (主语) 2．I have never heard of the man. (宾语) 3．We elected him as monitor of our class. (宾语补足语) 4．There is a stone bridge over the river. (定语) 5．Peter goes to school at 8∶00 every morning. (状语) 6．Beijing, the capital of China, has attracted millions of tourists every year. (同位语) 7．Professor, may I ask you a question？(称呼语) 二、名词作定语 名词作定语主要表示被修饰名词的特征、性质、用途、功能或内容等。 序号 用法 例词 1 表示材料、用途、性质、地点、性别或身份的名词常用作定语 two apple trees, three child seats, a diamond necklace，a silk shirt, light wave, a female elephant 序号 用法 例词 2 表示整体的名词可以用作表示部分的名词的定语(常指物) animal bones, cigarette ends 3 复数形式的名词作定语 a clothes shop, a sports man, the students’ reading room, goods train 【针对练习】 (　　)1．Jenny went to the ______ to buy a pair of shoes yesterday. A．shoes store B．shoe store C．shoe’s store D．shoes’ store B (　　)2．It’s sports time. Most ______ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground. A．boy B．boys C．boy’s D．boys’ (　　)3．The park is far away from here indeed. It’s about a ______ walk. A．three hour　 B．three hour’s C．three-hours D．three-hour A D (　　)4．The weather report says there will be much ______ tomorrow and we may have ______ off. A．snow; one day’s B．snowy; one day C．snow; one day D．snowy; one day’s (　　)5．—How far is it from Beijing to Haikou? —It’s a ______ flight from Beijing to Haikou. A．3-hour-long B．3 hours long C．3 hour’s long D．3 hour long C A 完成句子 1．She gave me ______ _________________ on how to learn English well and encouraged me _____ ____ ______ _____. 她给了我一些关于如何学好英语的建议，并鼓励我不要放弃。 some advice/suggestions not 　to 　give 　up 2．The Great Wall is one of the __________ of the world and the _______ of the Chinese people. 长城是世界奇迹之一，是中国人民的骄傲。 3．It can make more people understand the __________ ____ ______________ ____________. 这会让更多人了解环境保护的重要性。 wonders pride importance 　of environmental 　protection 4．Our Chinese teacher ______ _______ ______ wore her ________ all the day. 我们的语文老师头发灰白，整天戴着眼镜。 5．This term, I took part in a series of ______ ___________ in our school and learned more ______ _______. 这学期，我参加了学校的一系列劳动活动并且学到了更多的生活技能。 with 　grey 　 hair glasses labor 　activities life 　skills $$