2025年中考英语一轮复习：现在完成时知识点讲解 课件

现在完成时 目 录 contents 新 课 导 入 现 在 完 成 时 的 结 构 现 在 完 成 时 的 定 义 过 去 分 词 的 变 化 规 则 现 在 完 成 时 的 时 间 标 志 词 瞬 间 动 词 与 延 续 性 动 词 与 一 般 过 去 时 的 区 别 练 习 巩 固 新 课 导 入 新 课 导 入 现在 将来 过去 现在完成时 现在完成时结构 现在完成时结构 has /have + 动词的过去分词 (have\has为助动词,有人称单复数变化,没有实际意思) 三单 其他人称 has have 肯定句 主语+have/has+过去分词 I have finished the task. 否定句 主语+haven't\hasn’t+过去分词 She hasn't finished her work yet. 疑问句 Have /Has +主语+过去分词...? Has Lucy finished the task? 简单回答 Yes, sb have/has. No, sb haven’t/hasn’t. Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+have/ has 主语done? What has he done? 现在完成时结构 人称 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 回答 第三人称单数 he/she/it he has worked he hasn’t worked Has he worked? Yes,he has. No,he hasn’t. 第一/二人称 I/we/you 第三人称复数 they they have worked they haven’t worked Have they worked? Yes,they have. No,they haven’t. (以下示例以work为例子) 现在完成时结构 现在完成时定义 现在完成时定义 1. 过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 ️ I've already had my lunch。 【表示我已经吃过午餐,并且现在不饿】 2. 发生在过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。 ️ I've lived here for 10 years. = I've lived here since 10 years ago. 【表示我10年前就住在这里,并且现在也住这里】 过去分词的 变化规则 过去分词的变化规则 ①一般动词,在词尾直接加“-ed”:treat treated ②以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”:create created ③过去分词以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“-ed”:reply replied ④重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“-ed”stopped ⑤不规则变化:lie lay lain(注意过去式与过去分词的区别) 动词不规则变化表 (详见教材P136-137) 7、动词不规则变化表 (详见教材P136-137) 时 间 标 志 词 时 间 标 志 词 现在完成时可以和already(通常用于陈述句), yet(通常用于否定句和疑问句), just(用于陈述句), ever(用于疑问句), never(用于否定句), before, twice, three times等连用。 for +时间段, since…ago, since+过去时间点, since+过去式句子,by now, up to now, recently, in recent years…等连用。 时 间 标 志 词 辨 析: already、yet、just、never、ever用法区别: 用在现在完成时中,强调动作的完成,不强调动作的持续。 词组 意思 用法 例句 already 已经 用于肯定句中(放在have/has的后面) She has already found her bike. 她已经找到自行车了。 yet 还;已经 用于否定句和疑问句中(一般用在句末) I haven't done my homework yet. 我还没有做作业。 just 刚才 只用于肯定句(放在have/has的后面) I have just received a letter. 我刚才收到了一封信。 never 从不 用于否定句(放在 have/has的后面) I've never been to Belijing. 我从未去过北京。 ever 曾经 用于疑问句(放在 have/has的后面) Have you ever been to Bejing? 你去过北京吗? 时 间 标 志 词 辨 析: since和for是现在完成时当中常见的标志词。since“自从……”,for“持续了……”。since用来说明动作的开始时间,for用来说明动作延续的时间长度。 1、since的用法: ① since加过去一个具体的时间点(具体的年/月/日,或钟点) since 1990、since yesterday、since 5 o’clock e.g: He has lived here since 1990. ② since+时间段+ago e.g: She has been a teacher since two years ago. ③ since+一般过去时的从句 e.g: I have worked here since I moved here. ④ 固定句式:It is/ It has been+时间段+since+一般过去时的从句 e.g:It is/ It has been five years since I came here. 2、for的用法: ① for+时间段: e.g: He has lived here for 8 years. 3、since和for的句式转换: since+时间段+ago=for+时间段 e.g: They haven't changed since twenty years ago. =They haven't changed for twenty years. 用how long 对since和for引导的时间状语 进行提问: 练习: 用since和for填空 1._two years 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 1999 5._yesterday 6._ 4 o’clock 7. 4 hours 8._an hour ago 9. _we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him _ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 16. It’s about ten years _ she left the city. have been to / have gone to / have been in的区别: 词组 意思 用法 have been to 曾经去过(现已回来) 可接次数 have gone to 到某地去了(尚未回来;说话时当事人不在场) 通常不用第一人称 have been in/at 在某地呆了多长时间 常接时间段 【注意】当have been to后面接副词,如here, there, home时,to要省略: e.g:You said that Hangzhou is very beautiful. Have you been there? 时 间 标 志 词 辨 析: 1. I have been to Beijing three times. (我去过那里三次。) 曾经去过,强调去了回来了,人还在这里 2. Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK. (李先生在哪里?他去了英国。) 已经去了,强调去了没回来,人不在这里 3. He has been in Beijing for ten years. (他在北京呆十年了。) 强调一直呆在某地 瞬间动词与 延续动词 瞬间动词与延续动词 瞬间动词也称为【终止性动词】和【非延续性动词】。 这类动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成,没有延续下去。通常瞬间动词表示的是一次性动作或者动作的相应结果。不能和since/for连用。 延续性动词又称为【持续性动词】, 这类动词表示可以持续的动作,或者状态。动作可以延续一段时间,所以这些动词就可以和since与for连用。 如:My grandpa has died since 10 years ago. ️ My grandpa has been dead since 10 years ago. 注意:since、for、how long 必须与延续性动词连用。 瞬间动词与延续动词 延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换: 短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,需要进行转化。 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep come/go be here leave be away (from) open/close be open/be closed begin/start be on end/finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold become interested in be interested in get married be married put on wear get up be up wake up be awake fall asleep be asleep join be in = be a member of leave be away from get to/arrive in(at) /reach be ① 短暂性动词 延续性动词: buy 买 have 有 borrow 借 keep 保留 put on 穿上 wear 穿着 come/go/become 来/去/变成 be 在/是 e.g: I have borrowed this book for 5 days. I have kept this book for 5 days. ② 短暂性动词 be+名词: join 参加 be a member of 成为…的成员 go to school去上学 be a student成为一名学生 e.g: I have joined the army since last year. I have been a member of the army since last year. ③ 短暂性动词 be+形容词: die 死亡 be dead 死了 finish 结束 be over 结束 begin 开始 be on 在上映/已开始 leave 离开 be away 远离的 fall asleep 入睡 be asleep 睡着的 marry 结婚 be married 已婚 e.g: The movie has begun for 5 minutes. The movie has been on for 5 minutes. ④ 短暂性动词 be+介词短语: go to school去上学 be in school在上学 join the army参军 be in the army在军队中 e.g: They have come to Beijing for 5 years. They have been in Beijing for 5 years. 现 在 完 成 时 与 一 般 过 去 时 现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响,和现在有联系。 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作,和现在没关系。 e.g: I have already bought this book, so I don’t need to go to the bookstore. I bought this book yesterday. 现 在 完 成 时 与一 般 过 去 时区别 现 在 完 成 时 与一 般 过 去 时区别 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 【拓展】两者之间的互换: 由延续性动词构成的现在完成时的句子,可与短暂性动词构成的句子相互转换。 e.g: I have kept the book for five days. =I borrowed the book five days ago. 练习 1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _what's happened to him . A. knew B. have known C.must know D.will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ? A. already B. never C.ever D. still 3、Have you met Mr. Li _? A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago 4、Mr. Zhang _ math in this school since he was 26. A.teaches B.is teaching C.has taught D.will teach 5、—Our country _ a lot so far . —Yes .I hope it will be even _ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better B B C C C 1.—_ have you stayed in China? —About two years.A.How often B.How many C.How soon D.How long 2.—The poster says Iron Man 3 will be on this evening. Let’s go and see it. —But I _ it. 3.—Have you had lunch _? —Yes, I have _ had it. A.yet; yet B.already; already C.yet; already D.already; yet 4.I _ to the West Lake four times, but I will go there again this summer.A.have gone B.have been C.went D.had gone 5.-The drama series The Thunder (破冰行动) hits screens these days. -Oh. What a pity! I _ any of them yet,A.doesn't watch B.didn't watch C.won't watch D.haven't watched D C C B D Thank you $$