精品解析：北京市西城区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题

北京市西城区2024—2025学年度第一学期期末试卷 高二英语 2025.1 本试卷共14页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第Ⅰ卷(共75分) I.听力理解(共三节，22.5分) 第一节：(共4小题；每小题1.5分，共6分) 听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. What color umbrella does the man buy? A. Yellow. B. Black. C. Blue. 2. How will the two speakers go to the post office? A. On foot. B. By bike. C. By bus. 3. Why does the man go to the woman’s place? A. To have dinner. B. To throw a party. C. To return a book. 4. What does the woman like most about the trip? A. The views. B. The music. C. The picnic. 第二节：(共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分) 听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。 5. What will the man do this Saturday? A. Enjoy a barbeque. B. Attend a wedding. C. Check out a restaurant. 6. Why does the woman talk to the man? A. To ask for help. B. To give some advice. C. To extend an invitation. 听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。 7. What will the man do to honor Mr. Birtles? A. Make a trip. B. Raise money. C. Use old technology. 8. What is the woman? A. A TV hostess. B. A tour guide. C. An explorer. 听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。 9. What can Echo Pop do? A. Design games. B. Broadcast news. C. Write reports. 10. What is the main purpose of the talk? A. To explain an idea. B. To introduce an app. C. To advertise an item. 第三节：(共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分) 听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。 How to Make a Successful Project for School Decide on a project · Begin 11 · Brainstorm ideas. · Pick a 12 . Plan out and research your project · Make a list of materials you’ll need. · Use your 13 to find them. · 14 through them. 15 your project · Write out your text. · Pull your project together. II.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I’m not a professional ____1____. My husband and I had suddenly decided on a wild holiday after watching several videos on rock climbing. Our first climb was ____2____ than I had imagined, as it required much arm strength. I’m pretty active and fit, but my arm muscles aren’t the strongest. Yet we managed to ____3____ the route and it was quite fun. Soon we tried the next climb. I stood at the bottom of a cliff, wondering whether I should climb or not. I was ____4____ — half of me wanted to back out, while the other half felt like I should go for it. My husband was above me, just a little farther up the cliff face. He was ____5____— or appeared to be at least— and was willing me on. I carried on until there seemed to be fewer pegs (攀岩的岩点). I had to stretch my leg to ____6____ the next peg, which was hard to land on, because it was so skinny. I hesitated. I knew if I ____7____ myself, I could miss it and fall. As fear was beginning to ____8____, my legs started to shake. I knew if I allowed this panic to flood me, I might fall. So I ____9____ my head, visualized where my foot would land on the peg, managed to stop my legs from _____10_____ and went for it. Phew! I _____11_____ it. I was on the peg. It was smaller than the last. I could only fit one foot on, the other balanced on top. I felt _____12_____ for a moment— we were halfway through and had passed the trickiest part. Thirty meters high— we were near the top. By this point, the rock was sticking outward, which was dangerous. But I couldn’t afford to panic now. I managed to blank my mind and drag myself around the rock, transforming my fear into the _____13_____ I needed. I grabbed the handhold and swung my foot around onto the rock. For the first time, I experienced fear as being separate from myself. I realized that I actually had the power to notice myself feeling fear and I knew exactly what I needed to do: to breathe, and take the leap (跳跃) with _____14_____. Finally, I reached the top and felt excited. Something had _____15_____. Fear is unbelievably powerful, but now I know, so am I. 1. A. walker B. climber C. coach D. rescuer 2. A. safer B. faster C. harder D. smoother 3. A. plan B. track C. accept D. complete 4. A. torn B. hurt C. serious D. excited 5. A. sad B. calm C. scared D. lucky 6. A. fix B. kick C. break D. reach 7. A. doubted B. comforted C. satisfied D. disappointed 8. A. run out B. give in C. take hold D. break down 9. A. nodded B. cleared C. raised D. clouded 10. A. aching B. moving C. shaking D. twisting 11. A. left B. made C. missed D. changed 12. A. relieved B. nervous C. hesitant D. regretful 13. A. joy B. honesty C. pride D. strength 14 A. surprise B. gratitude C. curiosity D. confidence 15. A. mixed B. dropped C. shifted D. darkened Ⅲ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，共30分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Translators without Borders (TWB) Community is a nonprofit helping people get important information and be heard whatever language they speak. By becoming part of the TWB Community, you’ll join over 100,000 people from around the world, and get a chance to make meaningful changes through language. You’ll provide language support to local and global organizations, helping bridge communication gaps between them and people living through a crisis — and beyond. You’ll contribute significantly to making information accessible, inclusive, and useful for people who need that information in their language. As a TWB Community member, you could contribute to a range of language-related projects, including translation, revision, and subtitling. You could help provide information about various topics, such as heath, climate change and so on. When you join us, you’ll immediately get access to our tools and resources, including peer support, so you never feel alone or overwhelmed. Requirements TWB sets some personal and professional standards that we expect all our translators to meet. As a TWB translator, you should: ◆ accept responsibility for the quality of the work you deliver; ◆ show care and respect to source and target cultures; ◆ respect delivery dates and inform us 24 hours in advance if you cannot meet any deadlines; ◆ understand and strictly follow all the regulations of the International Red Cross in your work; ◆ never reassign or share with others any TWB materials, content, or information. Rewards TWB Community Recognition Program is our way of thanking our amazing community members. We offer rewards based on the number of points collected. You can request: Rewards Points Needed Confirmation of volunteer work 5,000 Reference letters 15,000 Recommendations on professional platforms 30,000 You will receive points based on different volunteer activities. Your points will keep on increasing with your contributions! The more points you obtain, the higher the rewards. You might lose points if the quality of your translation is poor. If you constantly deliver poor-quality translation, you might be removed from the Program. If you are interested or have questions, please send an email to our official email address for inquiries. 16. What is the main goal of the TWB Community? A. To improve communication through language. B. To offer tools and resources for translators. C. To provide language courses for free. D. To get more community members. 17. A TWB translator should ______. A. share TWB materials with others B. show respect to the cultures involved C. complete the task 24 hours in advance D. have certain work experience in the Red Cross 18. How do translators get points in TWB Community Recognition Program? A. By writing some reference letters. B. By asking for more challenging tasks. C. By assigning others various materials. D. By delivering high-quality translation. B I watched the earth get smaller and smaller below me. It all looked very far away, especially given that I was to journey all the way back to the ground with a parachute (降落伞). I looked at the door on the side of the aircraft and thought about why I was there. Today should have been my granny’s 80th birthday. But she passed away from cancer when she was 76. Milestone birthdays were a big deal for my granny. She marked her 50th year by running her first marathon, her 60th year by learning to swim so she could do her first triathlon (铁人三项), and her 70th year by jumping out of a plane. I know she was afraid to jump out of the plane that day, but she wanted to make that jump and met her fear with joy and determination, qualities that defined how she lived through everything — raising my father and my aunt, marathons, triathlons, cancer. I started the day looking at her birthday photos, eagerly wondering what she would do for today. I wanted to transport myself into the plane with her, ask her everything about how she was feeling and why she was there, and hear her answering every question I regret never asking her. Actually, I miss her so much and always find it hard to decide what to do with the big days like her birthdays. Feeling lost in my thoughts, I went for a run but only made it a few blocks before I was hit with an unstoppable thought. “I should’ve gone skydiving today.” It came out of nowhere. But once it was in my head, I couldn’t shake it. I pulled out my phone and searched for “skydiving Oregon”. I clicked on the first result and the first thing I saw was blue text on the bottom corner of the website — “Call for same day appointments”. That is how I found myself high up at the back of a plane. “You can always back out,” my brother reminded me, when I called him on my way to the skydiving place. But I didn’t. Something had kept me going. I just kept seeing my granny, staring out the plane window, smiling wide. And I had been surprised that it wasn’t just fear I was feeling. As I took off, my smile was as wide as my granny’s. The door slid open. Every nerve ending in my body flashed red. I didn’t back out. I wanted to live the day as my granny would have — in a brave, wholehearted way. Today, that meant jumping out of a plane. 19. How did the writer’s granny celebrate her milestone birthdays? A. By making exciting life plans. B. By enjoying family gatherings. C. By conquering new challenges. D. By hosting sports competitions. 20. The writer decided to go skydiving when ______. A. she was looking through her granny’s photos B. she was running around the neighborhood C. she was searching for information online D. she was making a call to her brother 21. How did the writer feel when she was on the plane? A. Fearful but expectant. B. Upset but determined. C. Regretful but curious. D. Hesitant but inspired. 22. What can we learn from the story? A. Home is where the heart is. B. Milestones are the stepping stones to success. C. The greatest memorial is to pass something on. D. The only limits to tomorrow are the doubts of today. C In the 1970s, a nation confronted a crisis of traffic deaths. Protesters took to the streets to fight a rooted culture of drivers who considered roads theirs alone. But this wasn’t the US - it was the Netherlands. In 1975, the rate of traffic deaths there was 20% higher than in the US, but by the mid-2000s it had fallen to 60% lower than in the US. Thanks to a Dutch movement, traffic deaths fell and streets were restored for people, not for cars. Today the country is a haven for cyclists and pedestrians (行人). The US has the highest number of traffic deaths among wealthy countries. And the death rate is more than double the average rate in other wealthy countries. Many US cities have abundant space for parking and wide, multilane (多车道的) “stroads”, a mix between a street (where cars move slowly and people can walk safely) and a road (where cars move fast). Stroads are optimized for moving many vehicles through an area at high speed. Yet widening or expanding the number of streets only incentivizes more people to drive, which results in more traffic. At the same time, cars have gotten bigger and deadlier - SUVs and trucks now represent more than 80% of car sales in the US. If we want to give more space to pedestrians and cyclists, we need to separate them from high-speed vehicles by building more well-maintained sidewalks and protected bike lanes, and by implementing traffic-calming measures such as speed bumps and narrower streets. We can redesign streets to make people drive more slowly or to discourage driving altogether. And we can invest in better public transit to make it an inviting alternative to cars. Buses need reliable schedules and dedicated lanes so they don’t get stuck in the traffic we’re trying to reduce. However, efforts to reduce car dependence are often met with fierce opposition by people who dismiss them as a “war on cars”. But drivers also benefit from many of these changes, which would reduce traffic and make driving safer. Others argue that these changes will harm disabled people, yet the opposite may be true - reduced car dependence, if paired with disability-centered infrastructure (基础设施), could make cities more accessible. And emergency vehicles aren’t much help to anyone if they’re stuck in traffic. Coming up with better road designs and public transit will require significant up-front investment, and the effects may not be seen for years. But we could subsidize (补贴) the cost, get rid of free parking, and add more bike lanes. Of course, the same solutions won’t work everywhere, and change won’t happen all at once. Each city has its own unique considerations and challenges. And such an ambitious project will require rethinking many of our assumptions about our car culture. But the benefits could make everyone safer. 23. Why does the author mention the Netherlands in Paragraph 1? A. To make a contrast. B. To clarify a concept. C. To justify an argument. D. To present an assumption. 24. What does the underlined word “incentivize” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Order. B. Remind. C. Challenge. D. Encourage. 25. Which of the following practices may the author support? A. Widening streets. B. Establishing free parking areas. C. Constructing bus-only lanes. D. Producing large and secure cars. 26. What can we learn from the passage? A. More stroads result in fewer traffic deaths. B. Decreased reliance on cars contributes to road safety. C. Improving public transportation will bring an instant impact. D. Other wealthy countries should copy the Netherlands’ example. D A pair of papers, published in the scientific journal Nature, touts (标榜) the potential of new AI weather forecasting approaches — systems that could produce faster and more accurate results than traditional models. They are part of a new wave of AI models sweeping the meteorology (气象学) community worldwide. Conventional forecasts rely on a system known as numerical weather prediction. It’s a kind of mathematical model that uses complex equations (方程式) to predict the way weather systems change over time and space. These equations describe the actual physics behind the movement of air and water in the atmosphere and the oceans. Because there’s so much math and physics involved, numerical weather models require extremely high levels of computational power. That makes them expensive and time-consuming to run. It also limits the fine-scale processes that these models can accurately capture. Scientists have come up with various ways to get around these difficulties in traditional models. One strategy is a method known as parameterization — that’s when scientists replace the actual physical equations in a model with a simplified program that generally captures the process without forcing the model to represent the actual physics. But artificial intelligence could replace these workarounds, enthusiasts argue, with potentially faster and more accurate results. AI models don’t have to represent actual physics in the form of mathematical equations. Instead, they take in large amounts of historical weather data and learn to recognize patterns. They then use these patterns to make predictions when presented with new data on present-day weather conditions. In principle, the much faster computational speed could provide immense benefits. But some experts note that the changing climate may pose a unique challenge for developing AI weather models. AI systems rely on historical weather data to teach them how to produce accurate forecasts. But certain kinds of weather events, such as heat waves and hurricanes, are growing more intense as the planet warms — and in some cases, they’re becoming so extreme that there are few examples at all in the historical record. That could make it difficult for AI weather models to accurately simulate (模拟) events that are record-breaking or have never been seen before. Accurately forecasting extreme weather events is one of the most crucial functions for weather models, enabling decision-makers to issue public safety announcements or facilitate evacuations (疏散) with enough time to protect high-risk populations. But if AI models are presented with weather conditions that are entirely foreign to them, it may be hard to predict how they’ll react. The authors of the 2021 Royal Society paper point out that when it comes to capturing extremes with limited data, AI systems have produced mixed results — some have performed well while others not that satisfactorily. Hybrid models that include both AI components and numerical model components may run into fewer difficulties with record-breaking events Russ Schumacher, Colorado’s state climatologist, suggested. He noted that numerical models and AI models may end up with different strengths, and human experience will remain valuable for communicating information about the weather. 27. What does the underlined expression “these workarounds” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. High costs. B. Various methods. C. Weather systems. D. Inaccurate results. 28. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The advantages of artificial intelligence. B. The application of mathematical equations. C. The fast collection of historical weather data. D. The working principles of AI weather models. 29. What can we learn from the passage? A. Decision-makers find AI forecasts more reliable. B. AI models will eventually replace numerical ones. C. Lack of relevant weather data challenges AI systems. D. AI weather models help to prevent extreme climate events. 30. What’s the main purpose of the passage? A. To raise global climate change awareness. B. To stress the importance of the historical record. C. To compare the strengths of weather prediction methods. D. To suggest a way to improve weather prediction accuracy. 第Ⅱ卷(共65分) I.选词填空(共7小题；每小题2分，共14分) 用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。 humorous appreciate occasion depress interact energy sincere 31. If you keep your sense of ______, you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you make. 32. She’s been very upset and ______ about the increasingly worse situation. 33. I’ve had ______ headaches over the past three years, but they were not serious. 34. What AI has not achieved is the warmth of human ______ and touch. 35. We ______ hope that you will soon be restored to health. 36. Being grateful means you are always ______ of what you have and what other people have done for you. 37. This is a great way to ______ yourself and give yourself more power! II.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 38. At this time of year, the river is a ______ (true) beautiful sight. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39. I ______ (learn) a new language for the past six months, and I am making great progress. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40. By the time the teacher entered the classroom, the girl ______ (finish) her presentation. (所给词的适当形式填空) 41. He climbed the mountain at dawn ______ (catch) the first rays of sunlight and uplift his spirit. (所给词的适当形式填空) 42. ______ (develop) a sense of adventure helps us live life to its fullest. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43. I lift weights because it’s the form of exercise ______ requires the least movement from me. (用适当的词填空) 44. She called her doctor, ______ recommended her to get checked out to see if she had a stomach problem. (用适当的词填空) 45. At this time next month, we ______ (lie) on the beach sunbathing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 46. After living in the big city for forty years, Mr. Black returned to the small village ______ he grew up as a child. (用适当的词填空) 47. While I ______ (shop) in the market, I came across a famous sports star. (所给词适当形式填空) Ⅲ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。 48. 这两次旅行的费用总计达1000美元。(add up to)(汉译英) 49. 他们更喜欢与同龄的朋友交往。(associate with) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 50. 有些人天生有好的方向感。（be born with）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 51. 若不努力，你将一事无成。（end up）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 52. 既然你长大了，就不应该依靠父母。(rely on) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ IV. 阅读表达(共4小题；第68、69题各2分，第70题3分，第71题4分，共11分) 阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。 Life felt like a mountain hike with designated stops — high school, college — where I could figure out my direction. I chose chemistry as my college major because it seemed to provide different career options. Learning organic chemistry reactions wasn’t frustrating or boring, but I did not “love” my subject. After finishing my undergraduate degree, I wanted financial independence. I looked for jobs but most needed a master’s degree. I got into a graduate program and chose it, though I didn’t plan to continue to a Ph.D. However, I began to question my belief that I was not suited for a Ph. D. when I started the laboratory research project. I spent a lot of time in the lab and never felt bored. Mastering my project required constant learning and discovering. I started to prefer experiments over classes. As my master’s was drawing to a close, my confusion peaked. With my scores, I was in a good position to be hired by government-funded companies — a great opportunity I didn’t want to waste. And everyone I talked to advised securing a stable job instead of pursuing a Ph. D., so I continued on to the interview stage. Still, I couldn’t ignore my growing interest in research. One week before my scheduled interview with my top-choice company, I backed out. I was going to pursue a Ph. D. I’ve completed my doctorate and am now an independent academic researcher. I have worked with others who are far more enthusiastic and were always sure they wanted to be scientists. I wondered how I traveled so far without “love” for the subject. Over the years, though, I have realized that neither success nor failure makes me go overboard or slip into depression. There are ups and downs, but it just feels right every morning to go to the laboratory and do experiments to learn something new. Although I have started my career as a“reluctant” (不情愿的) chemist, I am now ready to proclaim my love for what I do. All the way I try to see the relevant problems and solve them for my own satisfaction. That makes me no less capable than my peers, and no less deserving of a space in science. 53. Why did the author choose chemistry as his college major? ___________________________________________________________________ 54. When did the author begin to question his belief about not being suited for a Ph. D.? ___________________________________________________________________ 55. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢The author decided to pursue a Ph. D. because he failed in the job interview. ___________________________________________________________________ 56. Do you think it’s necessary for people to love what they do? Why or why not? (In about 40 words) ___________________________________________________________________ V.书面表达(20分) 57. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim来信告诉你，下个月他将作为志愿者接待一位赴英中国交换生，并向你征求建议。请你用英文给他回信，内容包括： 1.接待建议； 2.说明理由。 注意：1.词数不少于80； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市西城区2024—2025学年度第一学期期末试卷 高二英语 2025.1 本试卷共14页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第Ⅰ卷(共75分) I.听力理解(共三节，22.5分) 第一节：(共4小题；每小题1.5分，共6分) 听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. What color umbrella does the man buy? A. Yellow. B. Black. C. Blue. 2. How will the two speakers go to the post office? A. On foot. B. By bike. C. By bus. 3. Why does the man go to the woman’s place? A. To have dinner. B. To throw a party. C. To return a book. 4. What does the woman like most about the trip? A. The views. B. The music. C. The picnic. 第二节：(共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分) 听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。 5. What will the man do this Saturday? A. Enjoy a barbeque. B. Attend a wedding. C. Check out a restaurant. 6. Why does the woman talk to the man? A. To ask for help. B. To give some advice. C. To extend an invitation. 听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。 7. What will the man do to honor Mr. Birtles? A. Make a trip. B. Raise money. C. Use old technology. 8. What is the woman? A. A TV hostess. B. A tour guide. C. An explorer. 听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。 9. What can Echo Pop do? A. Design games. B. Broadcast news. C. Write reports. 10. What is the main purpose of the talk? A. To explain an idea. B. To introduce an app. C. To advertise an item. 第三节：(共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分) 听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。 How to Make a Successful Project for School Decide on a project · Begin 11 . · Brainstorm ideas. · Pick a 12 . Plan out and research your project · Make a list of materials you’ll need. · Use your 13 to find them. · 14 through them. 15 your project · Write out your text. · Pull your project together. II.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I’m not a professional ____1____. My husband and I had suddenly decided on a wild holiday after watching several videos on rock climbing. Our first climb was ____2____ than I had imagined, as it required much arm strength. I’m pretty active and fit, but my arm muscles aren’t the strongest. Yet we managed to ____3____ the route and it was quite fun. Soon we tried the next climb. I stood at the bottom of a cliff, wondering whether I should climb or not. I was ____4____ — half of me wanted to back out, while the other half felt like I should go for it. My husband was above me, just a little farther up the cliff face. He was ____5____— or appeared to be at least— and was willing me on. I carried on until there seemed to be fewer pegs (攀岩的岩点). I had to stretch my leg to ____6____ the next peg, which was hard to land on, because it was so skinny. I hesitated. I knew if I ____7____ myself, I could miss it and fall. As fear was beginning to ____8____, my legs started to shake. I knew if I allowed this panic to flood me, I might fall. So I ____9____ my head, visualized where my foot would land on the peg, managed to stop my legs from _____10_____ and went for it. Phew! I _____11_____ it. I was on the peg. It was smaller than the last. I could only fit one foot on, the other balanced on top. I felt _____12_____ for a moment— we were halfway through and had passed the trickiest part. Thirty meters high— we were near the top. By this point, the rock was sticking outward, which was dangerous. But I couldn’t afford to panic now. I managed to blank my mind and drag myself around the rock, transforming my fear into the _____13_____ I needed. I grabbed the handhold and swung my foot around onto the rock. For the first time, I experienced fear as being separate from myself. I realized that I actually had the power to notice myself feeling fear and I knew exactly what I needed to do: to breathe, and take the leap (跳跃) with _____14_____. Finally, I reached the top and felt excited. Something had _____15_____. Fear is unbelievably powerful, but now I know, so am I. 1. A. walker B. climber C. coach D. rescuer 2. A. safer B. faster C. harder D. smoother 3. A. plan B. track C. accept D. complete 4. A. torn B. hurt C. serious D. excited 5. A. sad B. calm C. scared D. lucky 6. A. fix B. kick C. break D. reach 7. A. doubted B. comforted C. satisfied D. disappointed 8. A. run out B. give in C. take hold D. break down 9. A. nodded B. cleared C. raised D. clouded 10. A. aching B. moving C. shaking D. twisting 11. A. left B. made C. missed D. changed 12. A. relieved B. nervous C. hesitant D. regretful 13. A. joy B. honesty C. pride D. strength 14. A. surprise B. gratitude C. curiosity D. confidence 15. A. mixed B. dropped C. shifted D. darkened 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫突然决定去攀岩，在攀岩过程中，作者克服了内心的恐惧，成功登顶，从而意识到恐惧虽然强大，但自己也很强大的故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不是专业的攀岩者。A. walker步行者；B. climber攀岩者；C. coach教练；D. rescuer救援者。根据后文“My husband and I had suddenly decided on a wild holiday after watching several videos on rock climbing.”可知，作者和丈夫突然决定去攀岩，因此作者不是专业的攀岩者。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的第一次攀岩比我想象的要难，因为它需要很大的臂力。A. safer更安全的；B. faster更快的；C. harder更难的；D. smoother更平滑的。根据后文“as it required much arm strength”可知，攀岩需要很大的臂力，因此比作者想象的要难。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们设法完成了路线，而且非常有趣。A. plan计划；B. track追踪；C. accept接受；D. complete完成。根据后文“it was quite fun”可知，作者和丈夫完成了攀岩路线，而且觉得非常有趣。故选D。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很纠结——一半的我想要退缩，而另一半的我觉得我应该去尝试。A. torn纠结的；B. hurt受伤的；C. serious严肃的；D. excited兴奋的。根据后文“half of me wanted to back out, while the other half felt like I should go for it”可知，作者内心很纠结，一半想要退缩，一半想要尝试。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他表现得相当冷静——或者至少看起来是这样——并且愿意为我加油鼓劲。A. sad悲伤的；B. calm冷静的；C. scared害怕的；D. lucky幸运的。根据后文“or appeared to be at least—and was willing me on”可知，作者的丈夫看起来很冷静，并且在鼓励作者。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不得不伸长腿去够到下一个岩点，这个岩点很难踩上去，因为它太细了。A. fix修理；B. kick踢；C. break打破；D. reach够到。根据后文“the next peg, which was hard to land on”可知，作者需要伸长腿去够到下一个岩点。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道如果我怀疑自己，我可能会错过它并摔下去。A. doubted怀疑；B. comforted安慰；C. satisfied满足；D. disappointed失望。根据后文“I could miss it and fall”可知，作者担心如果自己怀疑自己，可能会错过岩点并摔下去。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当恐惧开始占据上风时，我的腿开始颤抖。A. run out用完；B. give in屈服；C. take hold占据上风；D. break down崩溃。根据后文“my legs started to shake”可知，作者感到害怕，恐惧占据上风。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我清了清头脑，想象我的脚会落在岩点的位置，设法让我的腿停止颤抖，然后踩了上去。A. nodded点头；B. cleared清除；C. raised提高；D. clouded使模糊。根据后文“my head, visualized where my foot would land on the peg”可知，作者清了清头脑，想象自己的脚会落在岩点的位置。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我清了清头脑，想象我的脚会落在岩点的位置，设法让我的腿停止颤抖，然后踩了上去。A. aching疼痛；B. moving移动；C. shaking颤抖；D. twisting扭曲。根据前文“my legs started to shake”可知，作者设法让自己的腿停止颤抖。故选C。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我成功了。A. left离开；B. made做到；C. missed错过；D. changed改变。根据后文“I was on the peg.”可知，作者成功踩到了岩点上。make it表示“成功”。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到松了一口气——我们已经走了一半，并且通过了最棘手的部分。A. relieved解脱的；宽慰的；B. nervous紧张的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. regretful后悔的。根据后文“we were halfway through and had passed the trickiest part”可知，作者和丈夫已经走了一半，并且通过了最棘手的部分，因此作者感到解脱，松了一口气。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我设法清空我的头脑，拖着自己绕过岩石，把我的恐惧转化成我所需要的力量。A. joy快乐；B. honesty诚实；C. pride骄傲；D. strength力量。根据前文“I managed to blank my mind and drag myself around the rock”可知，作者设法清空头脑，拖着自己绕过岩石，这是为了把恐惧转化成力量。故选D。 【14题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我第一次感受到恐惧是与我分离的。我意识到，我实际上有能力注意到自己感到恐惧，并且我知道我需要做什么：呼吸，并带着自信迈出这一步。A. surprise惊讶；B. gratitude感激；C. curiosity好奇；D. confidence自信。根据前文“I realized that I actually had the power to notice myself feeling fear and I knew exactly what I needed to do: to breathe”可知，作者意识到自己有能力注意到自己感到恐惧，并且知道需要做什么，因此作者带着自信迈出这一步。故选D。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些事情已经改变了。A. mixed混合；B. dropped掉落；C. shifted改变；D. darkened变暗。根据后文“Fear is unbelievably powerful, but now I know, so am I.”可知，作者成功攀岩登顶后，意识到有些事情已经改变了，恐惧虽然强大，但自己也很强大。故选C。 Ⅲ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，共30分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Translators without Borders (TWB) Community is a nonprofit helping people get important information and be heard, whatever language they speak. By becoming part of the TWB Community, you’ll join over 100,000 people from around the world, and get a chance to make meaningful changes through language. You’ll provide language support to local and global organizations, helping bridge communication gaps between them and people living through a crisis — and beyond. You’ll contribute significantly to making information accessible, inclusive, and useful for people who need that information in their language. As a TWB Community member, you could contribute to a range of language-related projects, including translation, revision, and subtitling. You could help provide information about various topics, such as heath, climate change and so on. When you join us, you’ll immediately get access to our tools and resources, including peer support, so you never feel alone or overwhelmed. Requirements TWB sets some personal and professional standards that we expect all our translators to meet. As a TWB translator, you should: ◆ accept responsibility for the quality of the work you deliver; ◆ show care and respect to source and target cultures; ◆ respect delivery dates and inform us 24 hours in advance if you cannot meet any deadlines; ◆ understand and strictly follow all the regulations of the International Red Cross in your work; ◆ never reassign or share with others any TWB materials, content, or information. Rewards TWB Community Recognition Program is our way of thanking our amazing community members. We offer rewards based on the number of points collected. You can request: Rewards Points Needed Confirmation of volunteer work 5,000 Reference letters 15,000 Recommendations on professional platforms 30,000 You will receive points based on different volunteer activities. Your points will keep on increasing with your contributions! The more points you obtain, the higher the rewards. You might lose points if the quality of your translation is poor. If you constantly deliver poor-quality translation, you might be removed from the Program. If you are interested or have questions, please send an email to our official email address for inquiries. 16. What is the main goal of the TWB Community? A. To improve communication through language. B. To offer tools and resources for translators. C. To provide language courses for free. D. To get more community members. 17. A TWB translator should ______. A. share TWB materials with others B. show respect to the cultures involved C. complete the task 24 hours in advance D. have certain work experience in the Red Cross 18. How do translators get points in TWB Community Recognition Program? A. By writing some reference letters. B. By asking for more challenging tasks. C. By assigning others various materials. D. By delivering high-quality translation. 【答案】16. A 17. B 18. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了无国界译者社区的相关信息。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The Translators without Borders (TWB) Community is a nonprofit helping people get important information and be heard, whatever language they speak.(无国界译者社区是一个非营利组织，帮助人们获取重要信息并让自己的声音被听到，无论他们说什么语言)”和第二段“You’ll provide language support to local and global organizations, helping bridge communication gaps between them and people living through a crisis — and beyond.(你将为当地和全球组织提供语言支持，帮助弥合它们与正在经历危机及之后的人们之间的沟通鸿沟)”可知，无国界译者社区的主要目标是通过语言改善沟通，帮助人们获取重要信息并让自己的声音被听到。故选A。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据Requirements部分的“show care and respect to source and target cultures.(对源文化和目标文化表示关心和尊重)”可知，无国界译者社区的译者应该对所涉及的文化表示尊重。故选B。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“You will receive points based on different volunteer activities.(你将根据不同的志愿者活动获得积分)”和“You might lose points if the quality of your translation is poor.(如果你的翻译质量很差，你可能会失去积分)”可知，译者通过提供高质量的翻译在无国界译者社区认可计划中获得积分。故选D。 B I watched the earth get smaller and smaller below me. It all looked very far away, especially given that I was to journey all the way back to the ground with a parachute (降落伞). I looked at the door on the side of the aircraft and thought about why I was there. Today should have been my granny’s 80th birthday. But she passed away from cancer when she was 76. Milestone birthdays were a big deal for my granny. She marked her 50th year by running her first marathon, her 60th year by learning to swim so she could do her first triathlon (铁人三项), and her 70th year by jumping out of a plane. I know she was afraid to jump out of the plane that day, but she wanted to make that jump and met her fear with joy and determination, qualities that defined how she lived through everything — raising my father and my aunt, marathons, triathlons, cancer. I started the day looking at her birthday photos, eagerly wondering what she would do for today. I wanted to transport myself into the plane with her, ask her everything about how she was feeling and why she was there, and hear her answering every question I regret never asking her. Actually, I miss her so much and always find it hard to decide what to do with the big days like her birthdays. Feeling lost in my thoughts, I went for a run but only made it a few blocks before I was hit with an unstoppable thought. “I should’ve gone skydiving today.” It came out of nowhere. But once it was in my head, I couldn’t shake it. I pulled out my phone and searched for “skydiving Oregon”. I clicked on the first result and the first thing I saw was blue text on the bottom corner of the website — “Call for same day appointments”. That is how I found myself high up at the back of a plane. “You can always back out,” my brother reminded me, when I called him on my way to the skydiving place. But I didn’t. Something had kept me going. I just kept seeing my granny, staring out the plane window, smiling wide. And I had been surprised that it wasn’t just fear I was feeling. As I took off, my smile was as wide as my granny’s. The door slid open. Every nerve ending in my body flashed red. I didn’t back out. I wanted to live the day as my granny would have — in a brave, wholehearted way. Today, that meant jumping out of a plane. 19. How did the writer’s granny celebrate her milestone birthdays? A. By making exciting life plans. B. By enjoying family gatherings. C. By conquering new challenges. D. By hosting sports competitions. 20. The writer decided to go skydiving when ______. A. she was looking through her granny’s photos B. she was running around the neighborhood C. she was searching for information online D. she was making a call to her brother 21. How did the writer feel when she was on the plane? A. Fearful but expectant. B. Upset but determined. C. Regretful but curious. D. Hesitant but inspired. 22. What can we learn from the story? A. Home is where the heart is. B. Milestones are the stepping stones to success. C. The greatest memorial is to pass something on. D. The only limits to tomorrow are the doubts of today. 【答案】19. C 20. B 21. A 22. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者为了纪念祖母，模仿祖母勇敢尝试新事物——跳伞的故事。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“She marked her 50th year by running her first marathon, her 60th year by learning to swim so she could do her first triathlon, and her 70th year by jumping out of a plane.(她以跑第一场马拉松来庆祝50岁生日，以学游泳参加第一场铁人三项来庆祝60岁生日，以从飞机上跳伞来庆祝70岁生日)”可知，作者的祖母是通过征服新的挑战来庆祝她的重要生日的。故选C。 【20题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Feeling lost in my thoughts, I went for a run but only made it a few blocks before I was hit with an unstoppable thought. ‘I should’ve gone skydiving today’.(思绪纷飞，我出去跑步，但只跑了几个街区，就被一个无法阻挡的想法击中了。‘我今天应该去跳伞’。)”可知，作者决定去跳伞是她正在附近跑步时。故选B。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Every nerve ending in my body flashed red.(我身上的每一个神经末梢都在发出红色警报)”可知，作者当时很害怕；根据最后一段倒数第二句“I wanted to live the day as my granny would have — in a brave, wholehearted way.(我想像祖母一样勇敢、全心全意地度过这一天)”可知，作者虽然害怕，但仍然充满期待，想要勇敢地跳伞。故选A。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了作者为了纪念祖母，模仿祖母勇敢尝试新事物——跳伞的故事。作者祖母在50岁、60岁和70岁时都勇敢地挑战了自己，作者也受到了祖母的影响，勇敢地尝试了跳伞。由此可知，作者传承了祖母勇敢的精神，所以我们能从这个故事中学到最好的纪念是传承。故选C。 C In the 1970s, a nation confronted a crisis of traffic deaths. Protesters took to the streets to fight a rooted culture of drivers who considered roads theirs alone. But this wasn’t the US - it was the Netherlands. In 1975, the rate of traffic deaths there was 20% higher than in the US, but by the mid-2000s it had fallen to 60% lower than in the US. Thanks to a Dutch movement, traffic deaths fell and streets were restored for people, not for cars. Today the country is a haven for cyclists and pedestrians (行人). The US has the highest number of traffic deaths among wealthy countries. And the death rate is more than double the average rate in other wealthy countries. Many US cities have abundant space for parking and wide, multilane (多车道的) “stroads”, a mix between a street (where cars move slowly and people can walk safely) and a road (where cars move fast). Stroads are optimized for moving many vehicles through an area at high speed. Yet widening or expanding the number of streets only incentivizes more people to drive, which results in more traffic. At the same time, cars have gotten bigger and deadlier - SUVs and trucks now represent more than 80% of car sales in the US. If we want to give more space to pedestrians and cyclists, we need to separate them from high-speed vehicles by building more well-maintained sidewalks and protected bike lanes, and by implementing traffic-calming measures such as speed bumps and narrower streets. We can redesign streets to make people drive more slowly or to discourage driving altogether. And we can invest in better public transit to make it an inviting alternative to cars. Buses need reliable schedules and dedicated lanes so they don’t get stuck in the traffic we’re trying to reduce. However, efforts to reduce car dependence are often met with fierce opposition by people who dismiss them as a “war on cars”. But drivers also benefit from many of these changes, which would reduce traffic and make driving safer. Others argue that these changes will harm disabled people, yet the opposite may be true - reduced car dependence, if paired with disability-centered infrastructure (基础设施), could make cities more accessible. And emergency vehicles aren’t much help to anyone if they’re stuck in traffic. Coming up with better road designs and public transit will require significant up-front investment, and the effects may not be seen for years. But we could subsidize (补贴) the cost, get rid of free parking, and add more bike lanes. Of course, the same solutions won’t work everywhere, and change won’t happen all at once. Each city has its own unique considerations and challenges. And such an ambitious project will require rethinking many of our assumptions about our car culture. But the benefits could make everyone safer. 23. Why does the author mention the Netherlands in Paragraph 1? A. To make a contrast. B. To clarify a concept. C. To justify an argument. D. To present an assumption. 24. What does the underlined word “incentivize” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Order. B. Remind. C. Challenge. D. Encourage. 25. Which of the following practices may the author support? A. Widening streets. B. Establishing free parking areas. C Constructing bus-only lanes. D. Producing large and secure cars. 26. What can we learn from the passage? A. More stroads result in fewer traffic deaths. B. Decreased reliance on cars contributes to road safety. C. Improving public transportation will bring an instant impact. D. Other wealthy countries should copy the Netherlands’ example. 【答案】23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国交通死亡率在富裕国家中最高，而荷兰通过相关运动改善了交通状况。文章主要围绕美国交通存在的问题，以及为减少交通事故而采取的措施。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“In the 1970s, a nation confronted a crisis of traffic deaths. Protesters took to the streets to fight a rooted culture of drivers who considered roads theirs alone. But this wasn’t the US - it was the Netherlands. In 1975, the rate of traffic deaths there was 20% higher than in the US, but by the mid-2000s it had fallen to 60% lower than in the US. (20 世纪 70 年代，一个国家面临交通死亡危机。抗议者走上街头，反对司机认为道路只属于自己的根深蒂固的文化。但这不是美国——而是荷兰。 1975年，那里的交通死亡率比美国高20%，但到2000年代中期，已经比美国低60%。)”可推知，作者在第 1 段中提到荷兰是为了拿美国和荷兰进行对比。故选A。 【24题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“Yet widening or expanding the number of streets only...” (然而，仅仅拓宽或增加街道数量……)以及后文提到“more people to drive” (更多人开车)，可推知拓宽或增加街道数量只会促使更多人开车，所以“incentivize”意思是“鼓励”，与“Encourage”意思相符。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Buses need reliable schedules and dedicated lanes so they don’t get stuck in the traffic we’re trying to reduce. (公交车需要可靠的时刻表和专用车道，这样它们就不会陷入我们试图减少的交通拥堵中。)”可知，作者会支持建设公交专用道。故选C。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“However, efforts to reduce car dependence are often met with fierce opposition by people who dismiss them as a “war on cars”. But drivers also benefit from many of these changes, which would reduce traffic and make driving safer. ” (然而，减少汽车依赖的努力常常遭到人们的强烈反对，他们将其视为“汽车战争”。但司机也能从其中的许多变化中受益，这将减少交通量并使驾驶更安全。)可知，减少对汽车的依赖有助于道路安全。故选B。 D A pair of papers, published in the scientific journal Nature, touts (标榜) the potential of new AI weather forecasting approaches — systems that could produce faster and more accurate results than traditional models. They are part of a new wave of AI models sweeping the meteorology (气象学) community worldwide. Conventional forecasts rely on a system known as numerical weather prediction. It’s a kind of mathematical model that uses complex equations (方程式) to predict the way weather systems change over time and space. These equations describe the actual physics behind the movement of air and water in the atmosphere and the oceans. Because there’s so much math and physics involved, numerical weather models require extremely high levels of computational power. That makes them expensive and time-consuming to run. It also limits the fine-scale processes that these models can accurately capture. Scientists have come up with various ways to get around these difficulties in traditional models. One strategy is a method known as parameterization — that’s when scientists replace the actual physical equations in a model with a simplified program that generally captures the process without forcing the model to represent the actual physics. But artificial intelligence could replace these workarounds, enthusiasts argue, with potentially faster and more accurate results. AI models don’t have to represent actual physics in the form of mathematical equations. Instead, they take in large amounts of historical weather data and learn to recognize patterns. They then use these patterns to make predictions when presented with new data on present-day weather conditions. In principle, the much faster computational speed could provide immense benefits. But some experts note that the changing climate may pose a unique challenge for developing AI weather models. AI systems rely on historical weather data to teach them how to produce accurate forecasts. But certain kinds of weather events, such as heat waves and hurricanes, are growing more intense as the planet warms — and in some cases, they’re becoming so extreme that there are few examples at all in the historical record. That could make it difficult for AI weather models to accurately simulate (模拟) events that are record-breaking or have never been seen before. Accurately forecasting extreme weather events is one of the most crucial functions for weather models, enabling decision-makers to issue public safety announcements or facilitate evacuations (疏散) with enough time to protect high-risk populations. But if AI models are presented with weather conditions that are entirely foreign to them, it may be hard to predict how they’ll react. The authors of the 2021 Royal Society paper point out that when it comes to capturing extremes with limited data, AI systems have produced mixed results — some have performed well while others not that satisfactorily. Hybrid models that include both AI components and numerical model components may run into fewer difficulties with record-breaking events, Russ Schumacher, Colorado’s state climatologist, suggested. He noted that numerical models and AI models may end up with different strengths, and human experience will remain valuable for communicating information about the weather. 27. What does the underlined expression “these workarounds” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. High costs. B. Various methods. C. Weather systems. D. Inaccurate results. 28. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A. The advantages of artificial intelligence. B. The application of mathematical equations. C. The fast collection of historical weather data. D. The working principles of AI weather models. 29. What can we learn from the passage? A. Decision-makers find AI forecasts more reliable. B. AI models will eventually replace numerical ones. C. Lack of relevant weather data challenges AI systems. D. AI weather models help to prevent extreme climate events. 30. What’s the main purpose of the passage? A. To raise global climate change awareness. B. To stress the importance of the historical record. C. To compare the strengths of weather prediction methods. D. To suggest a way to improve weather prediction accuracy. 【答案】27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新的人工智能天气预报方法，这种方法可能比传统模型产生更快、更准确的结果。 【27题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Scientists have come up with various ways to get around these difficulties in traditional models.(科学家们想出了各种方法来克服传统模型中的这些困难。)”可知，划线词所在的句子意思是：但人工智能可以取代这些变通方法，爱好者们认为，这可能带来更快、更准确的结果，由此可知，“these workarounds”所指代的内容就是上文中的“various ways”。故选B。 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“AI models don’t have to represent actual physics in the form of mathematical equations. Instead, they take in large amounts of historical weather data and learn to recognize patterns. They then use these patterns to make predictions when presented with new data on present-day weather conditions.(人工智能模型无需以数学方程的形式来表征实际的物理过程。相反，它们通过输入大量的历史天气数据，学习识别其中的模式。然后，当接收到关于当前天气条件的新数据时，它们会利用这些模式来进行预测。)”可知，第五段主要讲的是人工智能天气模型的工作原理。故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“AI systems rely on historical weather data to teach them how to produce accurate forecasts. But certain kinds of weather events, such as heat waves and hurricanes, are growing more intense as the planet warms — and in some cases, they’re becoming so extreme that there are few examples at all in the historical record. That could make it difficult for AI weather models to accurately simulate (模拟) events that are record-breaking or have never been seen before.(人工智能系统依靠历史天气数据来教会它们如何做出准确的预测。但是，随着地球变暖，某些类型的天气事件，如热浪和飓风，正在变得越来越强烈——在某些情况下，它们变得如此极端，以至于在历史记录中几乎没有例子。这可能会使人工智能天气模型难以准确模拟破纪录或前所未有的事件。)”可知，人工智能系统依靠历史天气数据做出准确的预测，由此可推知，缺乏相关天气数据会对人工智能系统构成挑战。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A pair of papers, published in the scientific journal Nature, touts (标榜) the potential of new AI weather forecasting approaches — systems that could produce faster and more accurate results than traditional models.(发表在科学杂志《自然》上两篇论文宣扬了新的人工智能天气预报方法的潜力——这种方法可能比传统模型产生更快、更准确的结果。)”可知，文章的主要目的是建议一种提高天气预报准确性的方法。故选D。 第Ⅱ卷(共65分) I.选词填空(共7小题；每小题2分，共14分) 用方框中单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词只能用一次。 humorous appreciate occasion depress interact energy sincere 31. If you keep your sense of ______, you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you make. 32. She’s been very upset and ______ about the increasingly worse situation. 33. I’ve had ______ headaches over the past three years, but they were not serious. 34. What AI has not achieved is the warmth of human ______ and touch. 35. We ______ hope that you will soon be restored to health. 36. Being grateful means you are always ______ of what you have and what other people have done for you. 37. This is a great way to ______ yourself and give yourself more power! 【答案】31. humor 32. depressed 33. occasional 34. interaction 35. sincerely 36. appreciative 37. energise 【解析】 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：如果你保持幽默感，你总是可以对你犯的错误开怀大笑。根据句意“幽默”可知，此处为名词humor，作宾语，表抽象概念，不可数。故填humor。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：她对日益恶化的形势感到非常不安和沮丧。根据句意“沮丧的”可知，此处为形容词depressed，作表语。故填depressed。 【33题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在过去的三年里，我偶尔会头痛，但并不严重。根据句意“偶尔的”可知，此处为形容词occasional，作定语，修饰名词headaches。故填occasional。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：人工智能没有实现的是人类互动和触摸的温暖。根据句意“互动”可知，此处为名词interaction，作宾语。故填interaction。 【35题详解】 考查副词。句意：我们真诚地希望您早日康复。根据句意“真诚地”可知，此处为副词sincerely，作状语，修饰动词hope。故填sincerely。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：感恩意味着你总是感激你所拥有的和别人为你所做的。根据句意“感激的”可知，此处为形容词appreciative，作表语。故填appreciative。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一个很好方式来激励自己，给自己更多的力量！根据句意“给……增加能量”可知，此处为动词energise，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形。故填energise。 II.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 38. At this time of year, the river is a ______ (true) beautiful sight. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】truly 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：每年的这个时候，这条河是一道真正美丽的风景。修饰形容词beautiful，需用副词truly，作状语。故填truly。 39. I ______ (learn) a new language for the past six months, and I am making great progress. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been learning 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的六个月里，我一直在学习一门新的语言，而且我取得了很大的进步。根据时间状语“for the past six months”可知，此处表示一个动作从过去开始持续到现在并将持续下去，使用现在完成进行时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have been learning。 40. By the time the teacher entered the classroom, the girl ______ (finish) her presentation. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had finished 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：当老师走进教室时，女孩已经完成了演讲。此处在句中作谓语，由entered可知，事情发生在过去，且动作完成发生在老师走进之前，即表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had finished。 41. He climbed the mountain at dawn ______ (catch) the first rays of sunlight and uplift his spirit. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to catch 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在黎明时分爬上山，为了捕捉第一缕阳光，振奋精神。此处是非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语，故填to catch。 42. ______ (develop) a sense of adventure helps us live life to its fullest. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Developing 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：培养冒险意识有助于我们充实地生活。空处作主语，需用动名词形式developing，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Developing。 43. I lift weights because it’s the form of exercise ______ requires the least movement from me. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that##which 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我举重是因为这是一种对我来说运动量最小的运动。空处引导定语从句，先行词the form of exercise，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 44. She called her doctor, ______ recommended her to get checked out to see if she had a stomach problem. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她打电话给医生，医生建议她去检查一下是否有胃病。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词doctor，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故填who。 45. At this time next month, we ______ (lie) on the beach sunbathing. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be lying 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：下个月的这个时候，我们将躺在海滩上晒日光浴。根据时间状语“At this time next month”可知，此处应用将来进行时。故填will be lying。 46. After living in the big city for forty years, Mr. Black returned to the small village ______ he grew up as a child. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在大城市生活了四十年后，布莱克先生回到了他小时候长大的小村庄。此处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 47. While I ______ (shop) in the market, I came across a famous sports star. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was shopping 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我在市场上购物时，我遇到了一位著名的体育明星。结合“came across”和语境可知，此处表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作，使用过去进行时，主语为I，be动词用was。故填was shopping。 Ⅲ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据括号中所给提示完成下列句子。 48. 这两次旅行的费用总计达1000美元。(add up to)(汉译英) 【答案】The cost of two trips added up to 1, 000 dollars. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据中文提示可知，此句描述的是过去的动作，用一般过去时；“这两次旅行的费用”可译为The cost of two trips；“总计达1000美元”可译为added up to 1,000 dollars。故答案为The cost of two trips added up to 1,000 dollars.。 49. 他们更喜欢与同龄的朋友交往。(associate with) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】They prefer to associate with friends of their own age. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和固定搭配。表示“他们”应用they；表示“更喜欢”应用prefer to do，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为they，谓语动词用原形；表示“与……交往”应用associate with，位于动词不定式符号to后面使用动词原形；表示“同龄的朋友”应用friends of their own age。故翻译成：They prefer to associate with friends of their own age.。 50. 有些人天生有好的方向感。（be born with）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Some people are born with a good sense of direction. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和动词时态。表示“一些人”应用some people；表示“天生有”应用be born with，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数，be动词用are；表示“好的方向感”应用a good sense of direction。故翻译成：Some people are born with a good sense of direction.。 51. 若不努力，你将一事无成。（end up）（汉译英） ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】If you don’t work hard, you’ll end up nowhere. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、状语从句和时态。表示“若……”用if引导条件状语从句；从句主语为“你”，用代词you；表示“努力”用动词短语work hard；if从句使用一般现在时表将来，“若不努力”表达为if you don’t work hard；主句“你将一事无成”用一般将来时，表达为you’ll end up nowhere，动词短语end up意为“最终成为，最后处于”。故翻译成：If you don’t work hard, you’ll end up nowhere.。 52. 既然你长大了，就不应该依靠父母。(rely on) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Now that you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配和状语从句。表示“既然”可用now that，引导原因状语从句；表示“你长大了”用you have grown up；表示“你”用you；表示“不应该”用should not；表示“依靠”用rely on，位于情态动词should后面，使用动词原形；表示“你的父母”用your parents。故翻译成：Now that you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents.。 IV. 阅读表达(共4小题；第68、69题各2分，第70题3分，第71题4分，共11分) 阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。 Life felt like a mountain hike with designated stops — high school, college — where I could figure out my direction. I chose chemistry as my college major because it seemed to provide different career options. Learning organic chemistry reactions wasn’t frustrating or boring, but I did not “love” my subject. After finishing my undergraduate degree, I wanted financial independence. I looked for jobs but most needed a master’s degree. I got into a graduate program and chose it, though I didn’t plan to continue to a Ph.D. However, I began to question my belief that I was not suited for a Ph. D. when I started the laboratory research project. I spent a lot of time in the lab and never felt bored. Mastering my project required constant learning and discovering. I started to prefer experiments over classes. As my master’s was drawing to a close, my confusion peaked. With my scores, I was in a good position to be hired by government-funded companies — a great opportunity I didn’t want to waste. And everyone I talked to advised securing a stable job instead of pursuing a Ph. D., so I continued on to the interview stage. Still, I couldn’t ignore my growing interest in research. One week before my scheduled interview with my top-choice company, I backed out. I was going to pursue a Ph. D. I’ve completed my doctorate and am now an independent academic researcher. I have worked with others who are far more enthusiastic and were always sure they wanted to be scientists. I wondered how I traveled so far without “love” for the subject. Over the years, though, I have realized that neither success nor failure makes me go overboard or slip into depression. There are ups and downs, but it just feels right every morning to go to the laboratory and do experiments to learn something new. Although I have started my career as a“reluctant” (不情愿的) chemist, I am now ready to proclaim my love for what I do. All the way I try to see the relevant problems and solve them for my own satisfaction. That makes me no less capable than my peers, and no less deserving of a space in science. 53. Why did the author choose chemistry as his college major? ___________________________________________________________________ 54. When did the author begin to question his belief about not being suited for a Ph. D.? ___________________________________________________________________ 55. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➢The author decided to pursue a Ph. D. because he failed in the job interview. ___________________________________________________________________ 56. Do you think it’s necessary for people to love what they do? Why or why not? (In about 40 words) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】53. Because it seemed to provide different career options. 54. When he started the laboratory research project. 55. The author decided to pursue a Ph. D. because he failed in the job interview. The author decided to study for a Ph.D., because he could not ignore his growing interest in research. 56. Yes, it is. Loving what they do can offer motivation and fulfillment, enabling them to better handle challenges and find joy in work. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的学术和职业发展历程。 【53题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“I chose chemistry as my college major because it seemed to provide different career options.(我选择化学作为我的大学专业，因为它似乎提供了不同的职业选择。)”可知，作者选择化学作为大学专业，是因为它似乎提供了不同的职业选择。故填：Because it seemed to provide different career options. 【54题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“However, I began to question my belief that I was not suited for a Ph.D. when I started the laboratory research project.(然而，我开始质疑自己不适合攻读博士学位的信念，当我开始实验室研究项目时。)”可知，当作者开始实验室研究项目时，开始质疑自己不适合攻读博士学位的信念，故填：When he started the laboratory research project. 【55题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Still, I couldn’t ignore my growing interest in research. One week before my scheduled interview with my top-choice company, I backed out. I was going to pursue a Ph.D.(尽管如此，我还是无法忽视自己对研究日益增长的兴趣。在我预定的首选公司面试前一周，我退出了。我本来打算攻读博士学位。)”可知，作者是因为无法忽视自己对研究日益增长的兴趣，所以决定读博，而非是因为面试失败，故填：The author decided to pursue a Ph. D. because he failed in the job interview. The author decided to study for a Ph.D. because he could not ignore his growing interest in research. 【56题详解】 开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问的是：你认为人们有必要热爱自己所做的事情吗？为什么或为什么不呢？可以回答的是：是的，热爱他们所做的事情能带来动力和满足感，有助于他们更好应对挑战并从工作中找到乐趣，故填：Yes, it is. Loving what they do can offer motivation and fulfillment, enabling them to better handle challenges and find joy in work. V.书面表达(20分) 57. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim来信告诉你，下个月他将作为志愿者接待一位赴英中国交换生，并向你征求建议。请你用英文给他回信，内容包括： 1.接待建议； 2.说明理由。 注意：1.词数不少于80； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jim, I’m thrilled to hear about your role as a volunteer for the upcoming Chinese exchange student. Here are some suggestions. Firstly, you might want to learn a few basic Chinese phrases to make the student feel more at home and to show your welcome. Secondly, introduce him to local culture and customs gently, which can ease his transition into life in the UK. Lastly, be patient and open-minded, as cultural differences can be challenging at first. These efforts can help make his stay enjoyable and meaningful. Good luck with everything! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。英国好友Jim下个月将作为志愿者接待一位赴英中国交换生，要求考生按照要求用英文给他提出建议。 详解】1.词汇积累 激动的：thrilled → excited 即将到来的：upcoming → to come 建议：suggestion → proposal 减轻：ease → mitigate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Firstly, you might want to learn a few basic Chinese phrases to make the student feel more at home and to show your welcome. 拓展句：Firstly, you might want to learn a few basic Chinese phrases, in order that you can make the student feel more at home and to show your welcome. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Firstly, you might want to learn a few basic Chinese phrases to make the student feel more at home and to show your welcome.（运用了不定式to learn作宾语、不定式to make作目的状语、不定式to show作目的状语） 【高分句型2】Secondly, introduce him to local culture and customs gently, which can ease his transition into life in the UK.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$